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Baivi«d«c9pm0ts6 vin de d i tao vS phat
tri^n kign trOc nOng th6n, vdi hat nhan co ban la thdn lang, trong cdng cudc xay dung ndng thdn ngay nay.
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Thjnh hdnh 3 edeh nhin sy phdt tridn kidn true ndng tiidn. Ndng thdn dd tiij hda nhanh, vdi sy dp ddo cua edc hlnh thde kidn true dgng dd thi, sy bd tdng hda hodc nhya dudng hda vd phd hda nhOng con dudng Idng, sy phd edp cdc tidn nghi dd thj vd ddc bidt sy gia tdng mdt do xdy cdt cdng dd cao eda nhd cua mang hlnh thdi dd thi. MOt cdch nhin khdc: kidn ttdc ndng thdn nhgi kidn trdc thdnh th|, cQng nhd dng vd nhd chia Id, cQng mdi bdng vd sy thda bda nhCrng "tO didm" ddp tiieo htnh mdu td thdnh phd vd, ddng lo nggi hon, vua khdng mdy fch Ipi Igl vda tdn kdm. CQng ti> dd, phd bidn cdch nhin bi quan vd sy bidn ddl hlnh dnh tiidn qud ttuydn thdng, sy tan vd khdng gian Idng qud, sy phdt tridn md khdng rd dang di vd ddu, nfii khdc hpdl bdi hodi nidm vd di vdng khidn ngudl ttidnh thj udc mudn nfu kdo nd Igl cho qud huong md khdng ttid.
Od Id nhdng cdl nhin phdn dnh hidn ttgng, nhidu bde xdc vd ldm vdn dd. Cd Id nhdng cdl nhin dy thudc vd nhchig ngudl quan sdt hidn tupng. Song, ndng thdn, kidn trdc thdn Idng, bidn ddl gdc rS ttong ddng eudn cua hidn dgi hda, ddl hdi nhOng cdl nhin khde, gidi phdu td ttong ra vd td ngodi vdo, ddt thi dr vdng vd ttil hidn tgi ttong mdl quan hd rdng budc chl phdi, dd gidi nhCttig bdi todn td hpp nhOng "n" vd "x".
Chdng ta ngdy edng cdn tdi dd th|
hoc, mdt sy hidu bidt tiidng tdn vd nhdng quy ludt vd tidp bidn ttong sy tdn tgi vd vdn hdnh eda dd thj, Idm ndn tdng cho chidn lupc vd nhdng quy hogch phdt bri^n. Chdng ta, cQng dd ddn Idc cdn tdi bO mdn "Idng hpc". Khdi nidm ndy tgm ddng dd dm chf khdi lupng fri ttflic vd cdu title edng cu ddc ttvng ndy, t d nhidu phuong didn, ttong dd cd kIdn title, hg chdng ta can ttildp vdo sy F ^ t tridn kidn trdc ndng thdn. Sd dgng Widi nidm "edn tiiidp", ngudi vidt dd cd sy cdn nhdc bdf qudn li^ phdt ttldn dd thj Id didu tdt nhidn, cdn vdi ndng tiidn ttil khdng hdn ttid. Sy khdc bidt sdu xa vd bdn chdt chlnh Id d ddy. Khdng hidu ttidu till nhong gl ta hogch dlnh, nhcrng gi ta cho Id "ndn" vd tidn bO sd bj lOy tte Idng, hdt txh: ti/dng, ch$n ddng.
Vdn minh dn d eda ngudl Vidt khudn ddc ndn 2 hlnh thdl edng cu: Ldng vd Phd. Ldng Id sdn phdm C^nh hlnh chin mudt o j a chd dd qudn chd vd phong
kidn cdng hd t u tiidng ton tgi lau ddi md ft bidn ddi, cua ndn san xudt ndng nghidp edn it bidn ddi bon. Cdn Phd Id hinh thdl cpng cu eda nhCing ngudi ddn qud thodt ly, mOt phdn hodc todn phdn khdi mdng ddng, 1 ^ ttao ddi hdng hda Idm kd sinh nhai. Phd Id mdt budc chuydn tidp Idn thanh thj. Song budc dy kdo ddi nhidu thd ky, do quan hd thj ttudng tu bdn chd nghTa xudt hidn mudn mdn. Ldng Vidt cd ttuydn Id mdt cdu trdc chdt che vd td chdc vd vd didu hdnh cOng ddng xd hOi, gdn chdt ddn khd bd nhdc nhfch nhfing quan hd chdng chit md mgch lgc bdi hd mgch ddng tOe huydt tiidng, bdi ludt vd Id thdnh vdn vd bdt thdnh vdn, bdi sy x^p ddt ton ti tu vai vd eon n^/di ddn thd hgng kidn trtic cdng vO vdn nhdng rdng budc khdc md, con ngudi smh ra, edthd md tudn thu. Tudn thd, nhu Id ty nhidn.
Td cdu trde xd hdi dy kdt tinh md hlnh td chdc khdng gian ngdi Idng Vidt, mO hlnh td chdc khdng gian khudn \ridn vd ndp nhd thdn qud. Ngdn vgn thdn Idng vd vgn tridu ndp nhd ndng ddn, khde nhau bdi nhCttig bidu hidn eg thd tgi chd, song khdng khdc bidt bdi nhdng djnh chd ea bdn. Xd hdi phong kidn cdng gid nua, md hlnh khdng gian Idng vd md hlnh kidn trde nhd ddn qud cdng ddng khdp chdt hon. Didu ndy nhdn rd d md h1nh Idng - nhd khdp kin bung vdng chdu thd Sdng Hdng, "Idng - nhd" rdo ddu d Trung Bd vd Idng - nhd md toang ra td phia d Nam Bd.
Noi ttd ngg cOa ngudi Idng gdm ndp nhd vd khudn vtdn Id don vj hgt nhdn, cdu tgo cQng theo sa dd khdp: tudng ho$e rdo bao, ndp nhd, sdn vudn vd cdl ao. Ty eung ty edp hdu nhu tdi da:
rau, cd, qud, gd, cdi, nudc, sythyvd sy ttidi, tdt tdt ttiep chu ky* khdp. Nay, ta gpi dd Id md hlnh don vj sinh Ihdl khdp.
Id vdng tudn hodn k&i, vdi vai ttd ndi ttOi cOa cdi ao nhd vgn ndng. Nhd vd ddt nhd Id sd hOu njdt eda ngudi ndng ddn, Id cdi thdnh tri tu hdu khd bd chiu sy co vdo, du chl phdn tdc. Hodn cdnh l|ch sd cdng nhOng sy hgn h^p dd khudn ddc con ngudi vd tu duy tidu ndng, sd hOu nhd Id. Dd Id nhOng cdn tt^ ghd gdm cho cdi tgo vd phdt tridn kidn ttdc vd xdy dyng ndng thdn ndt ehung, cho ed cdng cuOc dd thj hda.
Chd dd phong kidn, sy dp bde vd bde Idt kdo ddl tiidn midn khdng chf sdn sinh md hk^ cOng cu ndng thdn vd
md hinh eu trd hpp ly va tuong ddi hodn chlnh, md cdn sdn sinh sy thdng khd vd sy tdm tdi eda nhdng kidp n ^ r t i ddi.
Ngdy nay chdng ta ngodi nhin thdn qud xua ttong sdc mdu hdng tim vd qudn di: ldng vd cuOe sdng mudn thda d lang dd ti>ng Id bien kh6, Id cdi ao td cua thdl gian ngung dpng. Id ed nhdng sy dd mdu, sy nhdn ngi chfu dyng edng sy chdt chiu Hi nhdng cdl tdi thidu dd duy tri sy sdng, dd kidn tgo edi td ngudi vdt chat vd cdng ddng ttidn xa dung dj ttong minh mudn vdn ttdi n&rpe. Vdi nhOng al chdm lo ddn phdt ttidn ndng thdn, thi nhihig gl d tdn, ldi tiidi vd phdn ti6n bO, h€ dem ddt ldn bdn edn edng vdi nhdng tinh hoa vd gid trj, chua chdc cdn cdn dd nghidng vd bdn ndo.
Sd hdu vdn Hdng tii qud khd, Idng thdi nay phdi cdl tgo tdn gde tdn rd dd phdt ttidn. Ldng vd kidn true chf phdt ttidn Idnh mgnh, khi ta Idy vide cdi tgo cdi vdn ndng dy vd edi htdn hOu Idm c l u ndl Ildn mgch lidn ddng qud khd - hidn tgi - tiiong lai.
NhDng cdu hdi d tdm VT md ddt ra cho kidn ttdc vd xdy dimg ndng thdn:
kd thda cdl gl, cdi tgo thd ndo, chpn con dudng ndo eho phdt ttldn? Vd, bao trdm Idn ttdn tdt cd Id cdu hdi: Ldm cdch ndo dd chd dOng ehl phdi, can tiiidp mOt cdch khd till vdo qud trinh "dd till hda" tii phdt dang diSn ra d ndng thdn? Ngudi vidt bdi ehu y ddt ngodc kdp tiiudt ngd "dO till hda" cQng Id dd nhdc tdi nhu c l u Idm rd khdi nidm ndy ddi vdi phdt ttidn ca ngoi vdt chdt 1^
thudt vd phdt tridn ndng thdn ndi ehung.
Ldi ddp eho cdu hdi dy chr ed thd lim tiidy d chlnh thyc tiln xdy dyng vd ddi sdng ndng thdn. Thyc tiSn ndy ddc trung bdi 3 cgc dl$n: bidn ddl, mdu thudn vd thdch thde, xu hudng phdt ttidn.
Trong vO vdn nhCrng bidn ddi chd ydu Iheo hudng tt'eh eye d ndng thdn, cdn nhdn bidt mdt hidn tiipng ed bdn chdt budc ngpdt, dd Id ttiidt ehd cdng cy nOng thdn, vdn ti'nh vd khdp, nay da ttd ndn ddng vd md. Tuong ti/ r ^ dd thj, duong nhidn chdm hon. Cd thd ddt ddu ngang bing gida dOng vd md vdi phdt ttidn. Hai vd ndy vira dung ttong quan h$ tucmg tdc, vira Id nhdng didu kidn tidn dd eda nhau. Cd ttid d3n ra nhidu bidu hidn eda xu thd ndy: so dd cdu ttdc cdng ndng vd khdng gian ttidn Idng, vdn khdp vd ehdt, dd tan vd, bung
ra md hdu nhu khdng chtu sy kiem chd. Ca Ihd ktdn true tan vP vd phuong didn hinh thdt hoc bde id sy bat dinh Wnh cita khung canh ktdn true. Trong hrdng hpp ndy. su bung ra cua phdt
"'n tii dat ddu ngang bang vdi su hdn Sdn. Hdn ddn chua bao gid la thudc tinh cua ttldn idng truydn thdng. Mdt bidu htdn khdc cua xu the ddng vd md, dd la Wdn hjpng thodt ly d at cua ngudn nhdn i;c. Hidn hrong nay gop phdn quydt dlnh tao ndn su da dang hda ngudn Ihu nhdp cho ndng ddn vdn cd qud tt
su lya chpn, tac ddng quyet dinh den su dot ddl ve nhtdu phuong didn, dae btet trong vide tao igp quy kten true vat chat chua timg cd, song cung din tdi su "bd roi" dan nhOng mien dat que, n§u cd the not nhu vay. Mdi budc vao hien dat hda, ndng thon dta cd ve dang ldp lat than phan nhung lang que d cac nudc cdng nghtfep hda. Hdt chung ay phat dt nhCmg tin higu vd nhung hau hoa nhan vdn. C6 cSi gi do gidng gidng hfdn tupng khe mach dang can tdc dan da.
Va cung nhu thidn nht^n trdi ddt, thien
nhten nhdn vdn dang suy chuydn.
Phat frten kien true ndng thdn ttong ddng chay hien dat hda dang bpc 10 nhimg mau thuin va thach thuc, chdng khac may vd dd gay gdt va do nan gidi so VOl thanh phd Mau thudn sau xa hon ca la giCra sy gidi hgn cua dat va nhu cau phat tnen. gtua sy chat hep ctJa manh dat gta dmh vdi sy nhan i&n gap bpi con chau, giua quy kidn ttuc vdt chat cu va dot hot phdt tndn, gitia lyc qudn tinh cua nhgn thuc va tu duy nay stnh tu tat yeu phat ttidn ... Luc ndy
mdu thudn nhidu hon thdch thde. Cdng phdt tiidn mdu ttiuSn edng gidm dl, cdn ttideh thde, hS khdng dupc ludng ttxtdc, ttil ngdy cdng tdng vd cdng Idn. Odi vdi phdt ttldn ndng ttidn vd kidn trdc ndng ttldn hdm nay 10 rd nhdng ttideh tiidc _ vd sy xudng edp eda mdi tiudng sdng E cdng vdf qud trinh ndng eao tidn nghi 1 sdng (nghjeh 1^), ttong dd ddc bl§t sy g ttideh ttidc eda nhjp dO sdng hidn dgi 2 hda Oa ttdn hfin ddn vdo tiiOn qud, noi S sy ydn binh vdn Id tdi nguydn (thdi nay
^ Id sy xa hoa). COng cuOc xdy cdt thidu
sy dd xdn dang xda bd nhung khudn vidn gla dinh, nhdn td tgo nen hg sinh thdi Idng vi vd VT mO, dong thdi mgt dd xdy dyng cao cOng dang bien nhCmg thdn Idng ttd thdnh nhOng td ngudi chen chdc, tuong ty nhCing ngdi lang - dao dc ttong long nhdng dd thj Idn.
Trong quy kidn true, tucBig dng vdi sy xudt hidn ttd Igi phdn tang gidu - nghdo, nhiing ngdi nhd dd sO xdy khdng ch! dd sdng dd tidn va dd d^p, dang tao ndn sy tuong phdn vdi mdng nhd gid nua lup xgp, md chd nhdn Id nhiing ngudi kiem sdng quanh qudn ttong ldng - ngodi ddng. Thdch thde Idn nhdt vSn Id sy suy thodi todn didn eda mdl trudng.
Khd ed thd phd djnh vd mdt sd phuong dign ndo dd, ndng thdn dang budc vdo dd tiij hda. Song, nhu dd trinh bdy d ttdn, dd thj hda ^ chua thdt sy theo nghTa ddy dd cua khdi mdm ndy.
Tuy nhidn, bdt chpt nay sinh cdu hdi:
CO ndn hudng ndng thdn thee con dudng dd thj, ttd tiidnh nhCing dd thj nhd? Hay, phdt tridn theo hudng ridng, ydu td dd thj khdng ldn dt nhCing ydu td edt Idi khde: sdn xudt ndng nghidp + thidn nhidn ty nhidn nhien Id chu dgo + ndp sdng thidn vd sy tidp ndi vd thu thd vdi cdl mdi Ig? Xa hdi khdng tiid ed lao vdo sy bdt tdn ttong khai thde ttl khdn Ngudi vd Mdy, dan dd cudc ehgy rupt sd phdi chuydn sang sy khpan ndl, tim kidm Igi sy cdn bdng d nhCttig cdu ttdc edng cu thdn qud. Sy cdn bdng, dd Id cdu chuydn vd md hlnh dd thj vd thdn qud tuong lai.
Trdvd vdi hidn tgi, quan sdt vd ddnh gid sy md mang thdn qud ve phucmg didn kidn ttuc vd xdy dyng, phdi nhdn djnh dd Id mdt qud tiinh ty phdt Id chd ydu, theo nhu cdu vd tdy khd ndng. Vat ttd cua nhung edng eg chf dgo nhu kd hogch, quy hogch vd chuydn mdn md nhgt. Oidu ndy thdt d& hidu, - cdc dO thj, noi nhOng gl eda nhd nudc vd edng cOng ed ty ttpng ldn, noi hidn huu hd thdng thidt chd qudn ly vd chuydn mdn, song ehung vdn dmh hlnh khdng theo hdn nhCing kjch bdn quy hogch vd nhdng vdn bdn rdng bupc ndo. Chdng phdt ttldn thidn ve ty phdt. Lidn quan ddn cgc didn ndy, ehd truong hidn nay vd vide phd kin quy hogch cde don v\
xd, xdy dyng md hinh ndng thdn mdi, theo ehdng tdi ndn ddt ttong bdi todn md nhdng vdn dd nhu ndn sd hOti tu nhdn nhd Id, tinh da dgng eua nhOng
xudt phdt didm vd hinh thdi cua cac Idng xa, ti'nh uy lyc eda ludt phap ttong cde quy hogch, khd ndng dau tii vdn lidng, vd nhan lyc didu hdnh eua cae edp... cdn dgt ldn bdn cdn quyet djnh ti'nh khd thi. Quy hoach nen ehdng mang ti'nh djnh hudng, md hlnh xdy dyng ndn chdng ttdn ca sd nhdng tieu chi ca ban, l^dng duy y chf, khdng dp ddt, khdng cdng nhdc. Didu tiet vd ddn ddt cd the Id nhung cdch thde dd cdng cudc phdt ttidn ndng tiidn vd kidn true nOng thdn di theo d|nh hudng.
Sy hidn thyc hda mpi chd ttirong xd hOi, mpi ^ tudng quy hogch vd kidn trdc d ndng thdn chf xdy ra khi ngudi ndng ddn bi thuydt phgc, dem Idng tin vd ty nguydn bSt tay vdo thyc htdn.
NhCing vdn bdn, nhiing quy hoach, dd dn, hlnh m§u chua dd sdc thuydt phgc hp, bdi hp vdn thien nhirng gl tal nghe mdt thdy. Nhd ehd truong, nhd qudn h^, nhd kidn trde edn tgo ra nhiing md hinh ttong thyc td, sdt hodn todn vdi thyc td eda tdng vdng midn, vdi nhCing giai phdp vda dung, vua hay vd vira d§ bdt ehudc. Sy bSt ehude bdi mdt vdi Idng qud, bdi mdt vdi ndng ddn sd ed sue lan tda hon bdt ed cudn sdeh hodc cudn film nao. Ldu nay nhidu y tudng sd dT chua ddn dupc vdi ndng tiiOn, chfnh Id d sy chuydn tdi.
Chdng tdi mudn kdt thde bai vidt bdng mOt gpi ii md hlnh cho thidt chd cOng cy ndng thdn thdi hidn dgi - dd Id NONG TH| (agrotown), kdt hpp ttong minh edc hogt dpng san xudt nOng nghidp, thd cOng vd eOng nghidp nhd, djch vg, vdn hda vd gfap dgc... NOng thj cdu ttuc bdi edc khu nhd thdp tdng ed khudn vidn du dd tdng gia vd thu gidn, nhCing dudng phd rOng vira phai ddnh cho cde CO sd thuong mai, dich vg vd gidi tri, cdc khu ddt ddnh cho vdn hOa, t h i thao, ttudng hpc. Ldm ndn cho tdt cd vd chidm dgng ddt nhidu hon cd Id khdng gian xanh vd mdt nudc. Chfnh nhdn td ndy se Idm cho ndng thj khdc bidt vdi cdc ddttii.
Thdi dgi ngdy nay Id budc ngpdt ttpng tidn trinh lieh sd. Budc ngpgt dy sdm muOn rdi cdng khudn ddc ndn nhQng md hlnh edng eu ndng ttiOn, nhljng kidu kidn ttdc eu trd mdi, noi ngudi nOng ddn tim tiidy sy cdn bdng gida lao dOng vd hudng thg, giCra minh vd ddt ttdi, gida minh vd ttidi dgi.