KHOA Hpc C 6 N G N G H j
MOT s d vAiv Di v£ ouAi\i LY VA silr DUIMG DAT D A I DOI VEIXI DlilXI VLJIXIG DOIXIG D A I X I G SOIXIG HOIXIG
Trdn Thj Giang Huong^, N g u y ^ Thj Vdng=
T6MTAT
Trong thoi gian qua, viSc quan ly vd su dgng ddt bai bdi ven bidn cd nhung chuydn bidn lich cue, sii dung ddt c6 hi^u qua, gop phdn phdt tridn kinh td - xa hpi, dam bao qudc phdng, an ninh. Tuy nhidn, trong qud trinh quan ly va sii dung dat bai bdi ven bidn vin con bOc 16 nliidu bdt cdp, tdn tai. Do do, cdn danh gid nhihig quy dinh vd cong t ^ quan ]y, sit dung ddt bai bdi ven bidn; thyc tr^ng quan ly, sit dimg ddt bai bdi ven bidn; xac dinh tidm nang ddt bai bdi ven bidn dd trdng ning nglp mSn, phAt triln du Uch, dich vu, phit triln d6 thi, khu dSn cu ven biln; tim ra nhung kho khan, ttiAch thiic trong c6ng tAc q u ^ ly ddt bai boi ven biln. Tir do, d^ xuat mot s6 giai phAp quan ly va sii dung dat bai b6i ven biln theo huong kh6ng ngung nSng cao hi§u qua sur dyng ddt bai b6i ven biln g6p phdn phit triln kinh tl - xS h^i, qu6c ph6ng an ninh, trSt tu an todn xa h$i, nang cao d6i song ciia nhSn dSn.
Til kh6a: Quan ly, si dung, d^t bSi bSl ven bidn.
I.GMITHI^
Viing ven biln dong vai tro rdt quan trpng trong su phdt triln kinh t l - xa hpi va qudc ph6ng, an ninh.
Vi^t Nam c6 hb biln keo dai 3.260 km vdi hdng loat he thdng s6ng dd ra biln da tao nfin vting bai bdi ven biln rOng ldn, trong d6 xudt hi^n nhilu h§ sinh thdi d ^ trung eiia cdc vimg cua sdng, cdc hai tri^u, rimg ngdp mdn, cdc vjnh ndng ven b^f-.-Dd Id kit qua cua qud trinh tuong tdc s6ng - biln. tao n&n cdc dang tdi nguyfin thifin nhifin ddc ddo cd gid tri ddi vdi doi sdng con ngudi.
Vific khai thdc ddt bai boi ven biln trudc day tai viing bd- mdi b miic dp Ihap chua gay ra nhung h^u qud cdn trd qud trinh phdt trien cua viing hay lam suy giam tdi nguyfin thifin nhifin trong viing. Hifin nay, do dp \\^ v l dan sd, do nhu cdu rifing cua timg ngdnh, timg bO phdn kinh t l , timg dja phirong vd ngirdi ddn, vific khai thdc tai nguyfin ddt bai bdi ven biln ngdy cdng mgnh nhung khdng dupc ddt trong mpt quy ho^ch tdng thi, nhilu hirdng hpp su dung ddt da gay hai cho hfi sinh thdi nhu hiiy hoai mdi trudng sdng ciia nhi^u lodi, gay sir suy giam da d ^ g sinh hpc vd ngudn Ipi kinh t l trong vimg.
Vdi tdm quan trpng ciia ddt bai bdi ven biln doi vdi qud trinh phdt triln kinh t ^ xa hdi cung nhu bdo v$ qudc phdng an ninh cua ddt nudc, mong mudn dua ra y kiln tham ludn v l vdn d l : Qudn ly vd su
dung ddt bai bdi ven biln vung ddng bdng sdng Hong.
Z. THET n-PHUONG PKAP
Phuong phdp nghifin ciiu tdi li^u: Thu th^p vd nghifin ciiu tdi lifiu lifin quan din tdi vdn d l nghifin Cliu d trong nudc.
Phuong phdp thdng kfi: Tiln hanh lupng hod, phan tich dmh lupng cdc k i t qua dilu tra d l giiip cho vific ddnh gid bdn chdt cdc vdn d l vd sir vific cdn nghifin ciiu, ldm cho cdc ddnh gid, nh§n djnh cd siic thuylt phuc.
Phuong p h ^ phfln tich tdng hpp: Phan tich tdng hop cdc kit qua nghifin ciiu qua tdi lifiu bdng phdn mlm Excel.
S-KfTQUAVATHAOUI/lN
3.1. Quy djnh cua p h ^ ludt v l ddt bfli bdi ven biln
Vdn d l qudn ly va su dung cdc ngudn tdi nguyfin thifin nhifin, ddc bifit la ddt bai bdi ven biln cung dfl dupc quy dinh tai Dilu 80 Luflt Dat dai nflm 2003 quy dinh c h l dd su dyng ddt bfli bdi ven biln nhu sau:
(1). Dat bai bdi ven biln bao gdm dat bfli bdi ven biln va ddt cu lao trfin biln.
(2). Ddt bai bdi ven biln thupc dja phdn xa, phudng, thi trdn ndo thi do Uy ban Nhdn ddn xa, phudng, thj hciiy dd qudn ly.
Ddt bfli bdi ven biln thudng xuyfin diK?c bdi tu hoac thudng bi sat Id do Uy ban Nhdn ddn huyfin.
'Tdng cyc Quin ly ddt dai - Bp Tii nguyfin vi Moi tnrdng.
^Trudng D^i hpc Nong nghi$p Hi N$j.
NdNG NGHliP VA PHATTRIEN NdNG THdN -YN'l- THANA 0/901:^
KHOA HQC C 6 M 6 NGHt
quin, thi xa, thinh ph6 thupc tinh quin ly vi bio v^
theo quy dinh cua Chinh phu.
(3). DSt bai b4i ven bifa duoc Nhi nuoc cho thue thu tite thu6 dit hing nam ddi vAi to chiic kinh tii, ho gia dinh, ci nhin ii su dung vao muc dich sin xuat ndng nghidp, lim nghidp, nuoi trdng thuy san, lim mudi.
Bit bai bdi ven bi& chua su dung duoc Nhi nudc giao cho hd gia dinh, ci nhan tai dia phirong chua duoc giao dit hoic thidu dat sin xuat dd su dung vio muc dich ndng nghidp, lam nghidp, nudi trdng thuy sin, lim mudi.
Dat bii bdi ven bidn duipc Nhi nudc cho thud thu tidn thud dit hing nim ddi voi ngudi Vidt Nam dinh cu 6 nudc ngoii, td chiic, ci nhan nudc ngoii dd thuc hidn du in diu tu sin xuat ndng nghidp, lim nghidp, nudi trdng thuy sin, lim muoL
(4). Hd gia dinh, ci nhin di duoc Nhi nudc giao dat bai bdi ven bidn thi dupc tidp tuc svr di,uig theo thdi h ^ giao dit cdn lai.
(5). Nhi nudc khuydn khich to chiic, ci nhin dua dit bai bdi ven bidn vio sir dung.
Theo Quydt dinh sd 327-CT ngiy 15 thing 9 nam 1992 cua Chu tjch Hpi ddng Bp tTidmg vd mdt sd chu tnrong, chinh sich su dung dat trdng, ddi niii trpc, rung, bai bdi ven bidn vi mat nudc da chi rd: "B^i vd c^ da ^ su diing d^t bai boi, dit trdng ven biSn, mSt nudc nudi tr^ng thuy san cd quy mo khoang 700 ha, ngang mtk: dSn sd'm0txa, mSi hd gia dinh du^
giao mdt sd ddt dd nudi tdm, cua, rau cSu v^ 700 m^
datddl^m vuon. Nh^nutxdau tuhotraxSydungca s&h^ tdng theo nguy&n tdc hoan vdn bdng khdu hao.
Vi$c xSy dimg cdng trinh ndi ddng, nudi ttdng thu^
san do hd gia dinh ddu tu bing vdn ttr cd ho$c vay vdn ngcin hdng. CAc bai bdi, mdt nudc nho hon 700 ha do dia phuong diu tu hodc giao cac hd tulanf.
Quydt djnh sd 773-TTg ngiy 21 thing 12 nim 1994 cua Thu tudng Chinh phu vd chuong trinh khai thic, su dung dit hoang hoi, bai bdi ven sdng, ven bidn vi m$t nudc d cic viing ddng bing da ydu cAu:
"Chuong trinh khai ±ac, su dung ddt hoang ho^ bai bdi ven sdng, ven bidn vA mat nudc & cAc vimg ddng bing du^ thuc hi^n bdng dc du in. CAc du in phai duoc xSy dung ddng bd, vua phAt tridn kinh td, hinh thinh CO cdu kinh td theo hudng ndng, lim, ngu nghiip kdthfp vdi ydu ciu chuydn dich cacdu kinh tdnong thdn theo hudng cdng nghitp hoi, hidn dai
hoi, vda bd tri lai din ctt (di din, chuydn dan) giai quydt cic nhu ciu vd xdhdi (vin hoi, giio due, bao vd sdc khoe) nhim xiy difng ndng thdn mdi, vln minh, hidn dai, bio vd vi cii thidn dugc mdi trudng sinh thdi chun^.
Nhin chung, vide quin ly, su dung dit bai bdi ven bidn a nudc ta da dui?c dd cap vi dang timg budc hudng tdi hoin thidn, timg budc dua cdng tic quin ly dat dai ndi chung vio nd ndp, su dung dit dai ngiy cing cd hidu qua hon. Tuy nhidn, cic quy dinh ddi vdi dit bai bdi ven bidn Ii vin dd ldn, cdn mdt sd tdn tid nhu: dit bai bdi ven bidn mdi chi thdng kd theo ddi chii chua xic d(nh vio dja gidi hinh chinh cua cic dia phuong; muc dich su dung dit bii bdi ven bidn mdi xic dinh li dit ndng nghidp hay dit chua su dung; chua cd trong quy hoach, kd hoach su dung dit cic cap... Do vay, trong thdi gian tdi chinh sich dat bai bdi ven bidn ddi hdi phai dugc nghidn ciiu phin tich vi cd mpt sd giii phip ddng bd tuong xiing vdi tim quan trpng vi tidm ning ciia nd, theo dd:
Quy dinh rd pham vi quin ly dat dai cua cic don vi hinh chinh cic cip tinh, huydn, xa ddi vdi dat bai bdi ven bidn;
Quy dinh chd dd sii dung dit bii bdi ven bidn dd sir dung cho cic mvc dich du ljch bidn, tham dd khai thic. chd bidn khoing sin, qudc phdng, an ninh;
Quy dinh vide lip vi quin ly quy hoach, kd hoach sir dung dat, giao dit, cho thud dit, quydn vi nghia vu cua ngirdi dupc giao su dyng dit bai bdi ven bidn.
3.2. Tlnic tl?ng quin 1#, sii dijng dit bii bdi ven bidn
Theo quy dinh tsi Thdng tu sd 08/2007/Tr- BTNMT, ngiy 02/8/2007 cua Bd Tii nguydn vi M6i tnrdng hirdng din thyc hidn thdng kd, kidm kd dit dai vi xiy dung bin dd hidn trang sii dung dit thi didn tich dat bii bdi ven bidn dugc tdng hpp vio dit cd mat nudc ven bidn (chi tidu quan sit) - diy li chi tidu thdng kd theo doi chii khdng dua vio didn tich dit tv nhidn.
Theo dd, didn tich dit bai bdi ven bidn nim 2010 li 744.223 ha, trong dd didn tich dit mjt nudc ven bidn li 54.002 ha, didn tich dit dd nudi trdng thuy sin li 690.221 ha (chidm 2,63% didn tich dit ndng nghidp trdn ca nudc).
Ridng ddi vdi viing ddng bing sdng Hdng dit bii
bdi ven bidn cd 61.130 ha, t^p tnmg chu ydu theo 5
12
> | 6 N G NGHlfP VA PHAT TRIEN N 6 N G T H 6 N - K^ 2 - THANG 9/2013lUiPA n y ^ %iqmy I W I I B
khu vyc chinh Id cua sdng Van l)c, Thdi Binh, Ba Lat, ciia Ddy vd ven bd Van Ly vdi difin tich Id 55.820 ha, (trong dd: difin tich rimg ngflp mfln 10.060 ha, rimg tu nhifin 1.160 ha, rimg trdng 8.900 ha, nudi trdng tiiuy san 9.420 ha, cdn laild ddt chua sii dung), phfln bd trfin dja bdn cdc tinh: Thdi Binh.14.325 ha. Nam Dinh 17.320 ha, Ninh Bmh 4.935 ha vd thdnh phd Hdi Phdng 24.550 ha. Mdt phan difin tich ngodi v i ^ su dung vdo miic dich ndng nghifip, b m$t s6 dia phuong cdn sir dung vdo myc dich phi ndng n g h i ^ nhu ldm bdn hai, kho cang, xfly dung khu nghi dudng ...Ddy Id mdt ^ n tai rdt dac thu Ufin quan d ^ vi^c phdn loai ddt, xdc djnh myc dich sii dung ddt chua dupc quy djnh trong phdp ludt ddt dai.
3.3. H ^ nang ddt bai bdi ven bidn
Khu vyc ven bi^n viing ddng bdng sdng Hdng khd rdng, chidu ddi dudng bd bi^n hon 267 km, trai ddi tir qufln Hdi An thdnh phd Hai Phdng ddn huyfin Kim Son tinh Nmh Bmh. Day Id cira ngd dia cdc tinh thudc viing ddng bdng sdng Hdng hudng ra bidn, vdi cdc lpi th^ v^ phdt tridn cang bidn, phdt tridn cdng nghifip ddng tdu, du lich bidn ddo, ddnh bdt vd nudi trdng thuy sdn, ddng thdi ddy cung Id khu vuc cd cdc hfi sinh thdi nhifit ddi didn hinh ciia cd nudc.
3.3.1. Tidm ndng phittridn rung ng$pm$n Vdi vai trd phdng hd, chdn sdng bdo vfi hfi thdng dfi bi^n, hdo v$ sdn xudt ndng ngu nghidp vd tao ra ngudn Ipi thuy sdn ldn dudi tdn rimg, md rong di^n tich ddt dai, rimg n g ^ mfln dfl vd dang cd tdc dOng ttch cyc tdi su phdt hidn bdn vQng 6 vimg ven bidn cua cdc dja phuong.
Khu vi;c hai bdi ven bidn vimg ddng bdng sdng Hdng cd nhidu lpi thd cho vific phdt tridn rimg ngflp mdn (difin tich dupc hoi hang nflm khd ldn, tinh chdt ddt dai phu hpp vdi rimg hon giao: trang, bdn, sii, v?t, dudc...).
Difin tich ddt bfli bdi ngflp nudc ven bidn chua sii d i ^ g cdn nhidu Id tidm nflng ldn cho phdt tridn rimg ngdp m$n. Tuy nhifin tir kdt qua trdng rimg vd hi§n tupng phd rimg dd nufii trdng thuy san thyc td d cdc dia phuong trong nhiing nflm qua cho thdy dd khai thdc tidm nflng vd rimg ngflp mfln ddi hdi cdc d)a phuong trong viing cd chiiih sdch hpp ly trong qudn ly ddt' dai khu vi^ nh^y cdm ndy.
3.3.2. TiSm ningfAit tridn dulfch, d/ch v{i Vung ven bidn ddng bflng sdng Hdng c6 lpi thd phdt tridn du Ijch do cd viing bd bidn ddi, bai bidn dfip, gidu da d^ng sinh hpc, nhidu phong cdnh dfip vd
di tich Iich su ven bidn. Su kdt hpp hdi hda giiia cdnh quan thifin nhifin bidn, ddo, hang ddng vdi phong canh thifin nhifin vd cdc gid tri vfln hda- xfl hdi viing ven bidn dfl tao cho du lich vimg ven bidn nhidu lpi thd so vdi khu virc khde.
Bd bidn cd nhidu canh quan dep, vdi cdc bfli tdm ndi tidng nhu Cdt Bd, Dd Son - Ihdnh phd Hdi Phdng, Ddng Chdu tinh Thdi Binh, Quat Ldm tinh Nam Djnh.
Trong vung cd nhidu dao dep, du Idn dd phdt tridn dich vu du lich dao, nhung khu dao dd vdi ndi tidng Cdt Bd vdi cdc cdnh quan cdn hoang sa, khdng khi trong ldnh, hfi smh thdi rimg nhifit ddi vdi tinh da dang sinh hpc cao vd cdc bai tdm nhd dep ndm ven cdc dao thich hpp vdi du ljch sinh thdi.
Vung ddng bdng sdng Hdng cd cdc hfi sinh thdi nhifit ddi didn hinh viia cd tidm nflng bao tdn thifin nhifin vira thich hpp vdi du lich sinh Ihdi. Trong sd mudi khu rimg ngflp mfln trpng didm qudc gia cdn uu tifin quan ly ddn nflm 2010 trfin dia ban ca nudc, viing ddng bang sdng Hdng cd 3 khu Id: Vudn Qudc gia Xuan Thiiy tinh Nam Dinh, Khu Bdo ^ n Lodi vd Sinh canh ciia sdng Van l)c thdnh phd Hai Phdng vd Thdi Thuy tinh Thdi Binh.
Cdc gid tri vdn cd ndi trfin rdt thich hpp cho v i ^ phdt tridn cdc cum du lich tdp tmng vimg ven bidn vdi cdc l o ^ hinh da d^ing cd stic hdp ddn du khdch trong mrdc vd qudc td nhu du l)ch sinh thdi, khoa hpc, tflm bidn, thd thao gidi tri, nghi dudng, chua bfinh, du ngoan.
3.3.3. TlSm nSng phit tridn dd Oif, khu din ar ven biin
Vific hinh thdnh vd phdt tridn cdng bidn, cdc khu cdng nghifip tdp trung, cdc trung tdm du Uch vd djch vu ven bidn tdc ddng manh mfi vd ldm cho qud trinh dd thi hda trong vdng ven bidn diln ra vdi ^ dd nhanh hon cd vd sd lupng vd quy mfi. Didn hinh trong vimg cd thdnh phd Hai Phdng Mb thdnh mOt trpng didm kinh td bidn, cd siic hdt m?mh mfi trong khu vi;rc, vdi ddn sd nflm 2010 khu vuc ndi thdnh trfin 50 van ngudi vd cd thd d^t tdi 1,2 trifiu ddn vdo nam 2020; thi xfl Dd Son Id trung tdm nghi mdt tdm bidn cua vung ven bidn ddng bdng sdng Hdng, ddn sd hifin cd 3,5 van ngudi (ndi thj 2,6 v ^ ngudi). Trfin co sd phdt tridn m?uih du ljch, djch vti vd phdt tridn thuy san, nam 2010 cd trfin 6 van ngudi vd dy kidn ddn nam 2020 d&t 12,6 van ngudi. Bfin canh dd Id sv sdp xdp vd phdt tridn cdc dd tiij vifti vd nhd dpc ven bj^n
NdNG NGHlfP VA PHAT T R I I N NdNG THdN - KY 2 - THANG 9/2013
KHOA Hpc C 6 N 0 NOHg
va theo cdc tuydn luc, hinh thdnh mdt mang ludi cdc
dd thi vfi tinh dd hd trp cdc dd thi bimg tflm, nhu Difim Didn (Thdi Binh), Thinh Long, Qudt Ldm (Nam Dinh), Kim Son (Ninh Binh)... thuc ddy si;
n^ifip cdng nghifip hda, ddng thdi han chd vific di chuydn qud miic dfln cu vd Iao ddng ndng thdn vdo cdc dd thi ldn.
Trong CQ cdu kinh td cua cdc dd thi ven bidn viing ddng bdng sdng Hdng, nhiing ngdnh dupc phdt tridn Id du lich bidn, khai thdc va chd bidn thuy sdn, dich vu cdng vd vdn tdi bidn, cdc dich vu ddnh bflt hai san. Cdc dd thi cd kinh td phdt tridn gdn vdi cac ho?tt ddng du lich nhu thj xfl Dd Son, thi frdn Cat Hai, thj trin Cdt Bd, thj trdn Thinh Long. Cdc loai hinh du lich phd bidn Id tdm bidn, nghi dudng, du ljch bidn dao, sinh ttidi bidn. Dd thi cd kmh td phdt tridn gdn vdi dich vu cang vd van tai bidn nhu thdnh phd Hai Phdng, till trdn Difim Didn, thi trdn Thinh Long. Dd thi phdt tridn manh vdi cdc ngdnh cdng nghifip chd bidn ttiiiy sdn vd djch vu khai thdc hai san nhu thj tran Difim Didn, Tidn Hdi, Thinh Long.
Vific t^p trung phdt tridn kinh i£, xa hdi vdi tdc dd nhanh va dung lupng ldn dang tao nfin nhiing dp luc ldn ddi vdi vific qudn ly, su dung dat ven bidn, ddi hdi phai dupc ludn chiing day du vd cdc chu truang phdt tridn dd thj, xdy dung ca sd ha tang giao tiidng, cang bidn, bd tri cdng nghifip that hpp ly va cac bifin phdp xii ly d nhiSm, bdo vfi tdi nguyfin, mdi trudng sinh thdi, dam bao su phdt tridn lau dai va bdn viing trong khu virc.
3.4. Nhimg khd khdn, thdch thiic
Vdng ddt bai bdi ven bidn vimg ddng bdng sdng Hdng cd vj thd thudn lpi, cd nhidu tidm nflng phdt tridn cdc ngdnh giao thdng, cang, cdng nghifip, ca khi tau thiiy, ndng nghifip, tiiiiy san, du lich vd dich vu. Siic ep vd phdt tridn kinh td-xa hdi dang gfly ra nhung vdn dd biic xiic ddi vdi vimg ddt bfli bdi ven bidn. Cdc hoat dOng ciia con ngudi cung gia tflng ddng kd dang gdy ra nhiing ^ Iyc Idn vd mdi trudng vd tai nguyfin vimg bd, anh hudng ddn siic chdng chiu cua cdc h§ sinh thdi vd mau thudn lpi ich gifla cdc ngdnh. Bfin c^nh nhiing lpi ich thu dupc, vimg hd dang bidn ddi theo chidu hudng xau: da dang sinh hpc hi suy giam, nudc bidn ven bd d mdt sd noi bj d nhilm, cac noi cu tni thifin nhifin ciia cdc lodi bj thu hep, xdi Id bd bidn tflng cudng va chiic nang cua nhidu doan bd bj thay ddi.
3.4.1. Khd khin trong qui tnnh phit trien kinb Nhung bidn dpng hf nhifin vd do con ngudi gdy ra hong thdi gian gan ddy d ddi ven bidn dfl ldm m^ cdc bai tridu, ddm lay su v^t, bfli bidn, tiiam cd bidn. Rimg ngdp mfln da hi liiiy hoai nang nd do khai hoang, lmi bidn dd nudi ttwng tiiiiy sdn, xdy dyng khu dfln cu, khu cdngn^fip...
Vdn dd quai dfi ldn bidn ldm suy giam difin tich ddt ng$p tridu: Vific quai dfi ldn bidn dd md rdng ddt ndng nghifip d cac dia phuong ven bidn dupc tidn hdnh hi ldu, hiy nhifin nhidu noi khdng dem lai hi^u qua. Dfi bidn dupc ddp d cdc mdp ngoai cdc cdn cdt, ldm trai vdi quy lugt phdt ttidn cua cdc cdn cdt vd trim tich. Cac h$ smh thdi phia trong dfi nhanh chdng bi thoai hda do khdng cd sy ti-ao doi vdt chat vdi bfin ngoai dfi, ddng thdi phia trong dfi khdng dupc tich tu trdm tich tao nfin nhflng vung tiling gdy ling lut cue bd.
Vdn dd difin tich ning ng§p mfln hi suy gidm:
Rling ngflp mfln cd vj tri chuydn tidp giua mdi trudng bidn va dat Hdn, nfin hfi smh thdi rimg ngflp mdn cd tinh da dang sinh hpc cao. Rimg ngdp man Id biic tudng xanh vung chdc bao v$ bd bidn, dfi bidn, han chd xdi Id va cdc tdc hai ciia bflo lut Hfi thdng rl chdng chit trfin mat ddt thu hiit va giii lai cdc ham tich, gdp phdn md rdng ddt hdn ra phia bidn, ndng ddn ddt lfin; mflt khde chiing Id hdng rao ngfln gifl cdc chat d nhilm, cdc kim logi n$ng tir cdc sdng dd ra bidn, bao v$ cdc smh v^t vung ven bd.
Sy phdt tridn nflng ddng ciia cdc hoat dOng kinh td ddn ddn nhflng mdu thudn giiia lpi ich khai tiidc, su dung tai nguyfin vd tranh chdp khdng gian tai khu vuc ven bidn. Vimg ddt bfli bdi ven bidn ngodi uu th^
cho phat tridn ndng nghifip, nudi trdng thuy san, no cdn cd uu thd dd phdt tridn cac khu dfln cu, dd thj, xdy dung hfi thdng cang, cdc khu cdng nghi^ va du Uch, djch vu.
3.4.2. Khd khin trong qui trinh phit tridn xM h0l Ddn sd vimg ven bidn viing ddng bdng sdng Hdng Id 1,830 tii^u ngudi vdi mdt do ddn sd 820 ngudi/km^, trong dd mOt sd noi cd mdt dO ddn sd cao nhu: huyfin Hai H^u 1.256 ngudi/km^ tiij xfl Dd Son 1.112 ngudi/km^ huyfin Kidn Thyy 1.103 ngudi/km^
huyfin Thdi Thuy 1.049 ngudi/km''. Su gia tflng ddn
sd ddi hdi tang nhu cdu sinh hogt vd cdc nhu cdu
thidt ydu khde trong liic Iupng tdi nguyfin cd dupc lgi
14 NdNG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NdNG THdN - K^ 2 - THANG 9/2013
hsin h?p, nhdt Id tdi nguyfin dat cho sdn xudt ndng nghifip. H$ qua tdt ydu sfi ddn tdi phai md rOng difin tich ddt cho sdn xudt ndng nghifip vdo ddt rimg gdy siic fip rdt ldn ddn mdi trudng dd thi vd cdc khu dan cu ven bidn, vupt qua dy bdo cua cdc dd thj theo quy hoach, ldm giam va suy thodi tdi nguyfin bidn vd vimg ven bd.
Do dd vific dua ra cac giai phdp quan ly, bao vfi vimg bd theo hudng hifiu qua vd bdn vflng, vdi quan didm ngudn lpi tai nguyfin vimg bd phai dupc sii dyng lflu ddi, vira tiida man dupc nhu cdu kinh td trudc mdt trong siic chdng chiu ciia cdc hfi sinh thdi, vira duy tri dupc cdc nguon tdi nguyfin cho cdc thd hfi sau.
3.5. D l xudt mOt sd gidi phdp qudn ly, sti dyng b i n vflng ddt bai bdi ven biln
Dd quan ly su dting bdn vung ddt bfli bdi ven bidn trudc mdt cdn phai t^p tnmg vdo hai nhdm giai phdp chii ydu sau:
3.5.1. Cic glai phip vd chinh sich
Dd tiidng nhdt trong qudn ly, su dung ddt bfli bdi ven bidn cdn nghifin ciiu hodn tiiifin chinh sdch dat dai tdp trung vdo cdc ndi dung sau:
Hudng ddn cu thd v l quy hoach, kd hogch stt dyng ddt bfli bdi ven bidn: Theo quy dtnh ciia Ludt Dat dai hi§n nay vific lap quy hoach, kd hoach str dung dat cdc cdp chi Uq) trong pham vi ranh gidi hdnh chinh cua tung cdp; ddi vdi ddt bfli bdi ven bidn do khdng ndm trong ranh gidi hdnh chinh nfin khdng thupc pham vi l?p quy hoach, kd hoach sti dyng dat cua cdc cdp. Vl vfly can bd sung cdc quy dinh v l lap quy hogch, k l hoach dat bai bdi ven biln trong dd cdn xdc djnh rd thdm quyln, npi dung quy hogch vdi myc tifiu chinh ctia quy hogch Id phdn vung chiic nang, gidm xung dot sir dyng da myc dich, tdi da hda lpi ich xa hdi trong vimg ven biln, bdo tdn da dang sinh hpc vd dam bao tflng trudng b i n virng cho vimg.
Vl giao ddt, cho thufi dat bai bdi ven biln: Luat Ddt dai quy djnh, cdc td chiic, hp gia dmh, cd nhdn va ngudi Vifit Nam dinh cu d nudc ngoai dupc thufi ddt bai bdi ven bidn d l sii dyng vdo myc dich nudi trdng thiiy sdn, sdn xudt ndng nghifip, ldm nghifip, Idm mudi (khdng cd hmh thuc giao ddt). Tuy nhifin, Lu^t Thuy sdn quy djnh dupc giao mgt nudc biln cho cd nhdn sinh sdng tai dja phuong tryc tidp nudi trdng thiiy sdn vd cdc ca quan nghifin ciiu khoa hpc v l thiiy sdn; cho thufi mdt nudc biln d l nudi trdng thiiy san
ddi vdi cdc ^ chiic, cd nhdn trong nudc vd nudc ngodi... D l thdng nhdt quan ly ddt bfli bdi ven biln, Lugt Ddt dai cdn quy dinh cy thd cdc tnrdng hpp dtrpc giao ddt, cho thufi ddt bfli bdi ven biln; thdm quyln giao ddt, cho tiiufi ddt bai bdi ven biln; quyln va nghia vy ctia cdc ddi tirpng dugc giao, cho tiiufi dat bfli bdi ven biln.
VI myc dich sii dyng d d t H i ^ lugt ddt dai cdn quy dinh ddt bfli bdi ven biln dupc s u dyng vdo cd myc dich phi ndng nghifip, nhu thuc hifin cdc dy dn khu du lich sinh thdi, xdy dyng bfli tflm, xdy dyng cdc nha mdy san xudt nguyfin vdt lifiu xfly dung, ldm bai tap k i t nguyfin vat lifiu xdy dyng...
Quy dinh cu thi, xdc dinh ro tham quyln ciia Uy ban Nhfln ddn c ^ xa trong vific quan ly ddt bai bdi ven biln. Vl dfly Id c ^ dang quan ly phdn ldn difin tich ddt bai boi ven biln Irfin cd msbc.
3.5.2. Cic giai phip vSklnh t^',kythu$t Bfin canh cdc giai p h ^ v l chinh sdch can chti y tdi cdc giai phdp v l kinh t l - ky tiiudfc
Do dgc l^p bdn dd dja chinh: tu lifiu bdn dd khu vuc ddt bfli bdi ven biln, dflc bifit Id cdc viing ddt bfli bdi mdi ndi chua thu0c pham vi quan ly hdnh chinh cua cdc dja phuong.
Xay dyng ca sd du lifiu tdi nguyfin vd mdi trudng vimg dat bai bdi ven biln sii dyng thdng nhdt ca sd du lifiu trong vific hogch djnh cdc chinh sdch phdt hiln, quy hoach ddt bfli bdi ven biln.
4.K£rLU«N
Vlfic qudn ly vd sir dyng ddt bai bdi ven biln cd nhung chuyin biln tich cue, sti dung ddt cd hifiu qud, gdp phdn phdt triln kinh t l - xfl hdi, ddm bdo qudc phdng, an nmh. Tuy nhifin, hfi thdng cdc van bdn chua ddng bO, chua ddy du cdn cd sy chdng chfio trong td chuc thyc hifin, gidm hifiu qua quan ly vd sir dyng dat bai bdi ven biln; vific khai thdc bfli bdi ven bien d l sir dyng vdo cdc muc dich phi ndng nghifip cdn phd biln; chua cd quy hoach din din suy gidm cdc hfi smh thdi vimg ven biln, sgt Id bd biln, d nhifim ddt, mdi trudng biln...; siic ep v l phdt triln kinh t l - xfl hdi dang gfly ra nhung vdn d l biic xtic ddi vdi vimg ddt bfli bdi ven biln.
D l qudn ly vd su dyng ddt bfli bdi ven biln hi$u qua cdn nghifin ciiu hodn thi|n chinh sdch ddt dai.
Nhiing tdc dpng tich cue ciia boat ddng ndy Id ddng lyc quan trpng vd cd y nghia frong cdng tdc qudn ly.
NdNG NGHlfP VA PHAT TRI^N NdNG THdN - KY 2 - T H A N G 9/2013
15
KHOAHQCCdNG NGHfi
Sli dvmg diit bai bdi ven bidn. Vi v&y, vdn dd dat ra 14 Hudng dan thuc hidn thdng kd, kidm kd ddt dai vi cd duoc su ddng ldng va chung tay ciia toan bd hd xiydvmgbin ddhidn trfng sddung ddt Q.<X>T).
thdng chinh tri tir ciic nh4 quanly, cdc n h i khoa hpc, 3. Bp T4i nguydn v4 Mdi trudllg. AiSl* 9 u i iriSa ngudi d t a va cic n h i ddu tu...dd hudng hM su dvmg tai j^^ dit dai ndm 2OlO(.201t).
nguydn dit dai ndi chung va d ^ bai bdi ven bidn ndi 3 ^.^^ ^^^ j j . . ^^^ .^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ j ^ ^ ridng mdt each Udt kidm, hidu qua va bdn vm«. Didu ^ ^ ^ ^ • ^^ ^ g ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^
dddacbidtcdynghiationgdidukidnphSttnfatanh^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ j ^ ait trdng. ddi nui trK - xa hdi, dam bto qudc phong an mnh va vidc do. n * ^ ^ ^ . ^^ ^.^ y^^^tnudc(1992).
vdi tmh trang hiln doi khi hau n ^ f i m trong va nhieu ^
riiin>vlmditnrdngnhuhifinnay. 4. Qudc hdi Nudc Cdng hda Xfl hdi Chii nghia Vifit Nam. Luit Dit dainSm 2003. Nhd xudt bdn Bdn do (2004).
5. Thu hidng Chinh phA, Quydt dfnh sd 773- 1. Bd Tdi nguyfin vd Mdi trudng. Thdng tir sd TTg ngiy 21 thing 12 nim 1994 vd chutmg tnnh Idiai 08/2007/rr-BTNMT ngay 02 tiidng 8 nflm 2007. ^^^^ sir dung di't hoang hoi, bii bdi ven sdng, ven
Tita K U HUM KHAO
bidn va m$tnudc & cac vung ddng bing (1994).
SOME PROBLEMS OF MANAGEMENT AND USE OF COASTAL ALLUVIAL SOIL ON RED RIVERDELTA
Tran Thi Giang Huong, Nguyen Thi Vong Summary
In recent years, the management and use of coastal alluvial soil there are positive changes, land use efficiency, contributing to the socio-economic development, ensuring national defense and security.
However, in the process of land use management Jind coastal mudflats exposed many shortcomings still exist Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the regulations on management and use of coastal alluvial soil;
situation management, land use, coastal mudflats; identify potential coastal mudflats to mangroves development, tourism, services, urban development, coastal residential areas; find out the difficulties and challenges in the management of coastal alluvial soil. Since then, to propose a number of solutions to land management and use of coastal mudflats towards constantly improving the efficiency of land use of coastal mudflats contribution of socio-economic development, defense and social security social order and safety, improving the lives ofthe people.
Keywords: Management, use, coastal alluvial soil
Ngudi phdn bifin: TS. Bid Huy Hiln Ngdy nhdn bdi: 5/7/2013 Ngdy tiidng qua phdn b i ^ : 9/8/2013 Ngdy duyfit dflng: 15/8/2013
