NGHIEN CQU - TRAO OOI
MOT SO VAN DE PHAP U YE SAN PHAM B A O HEM NHAN THO
B
ao Mem nhan thp (BHNT) la loai nghiep vu bao hiem cho truang hgp ngudi dugc bao hiem song hoac chet.^'^ Do tinh chdt la loai hinh bao hiem nham bao ve cuoc sing cua nguai dugc bao hiem nen gifta hinh thuc BHNT va Wnh thuc bao hiem xa hoi co nhimg tuong dong nhat dinh ve ca che bao hilm. Tuy nhien, BHNT khac vai bao hiem xa hpi vl ban chat. BHNT la dich vu tai chinh ciia nIn kinh tl thi truang, theo do, no dugc bilu hien ra la san pham cu the (ggi la san phdm BHNT) co thi dugc mua (bai ben mua bao hilm) va dugc ban (bai doanh nghiep kinh doanh BHNT). Trong khi do, bao hilm xa hpi khong dugc coi la dich vu tai chinh theo dung nghTa vi no dan thuan la co che bao dam an sinh xa hoi cho nguai lao dong vai ba ben tham gia la chu su dung lao dpng, ngudi lao dpng va nha nuac.^^^Bai vilt nay phan tich nhung vdn dl li luan CO ban vl san phdm BHNT nhu ban chdt phap li cua san phdm bao hiem, phan loai san phdm bao hilm, tu do xac dinh vl mat li luan khung phap li ca ban dl dilu chinh boat dpng kinh doanh san phdm BHNT a Viet Nam.
1. Ban chat ciia san pham BHNT
BHNT dugc doanh nghi?p bao hilm (DNBH) thilt kl thanh loai san phdm dich vu thuong mai dl phuc vu khach hang cua minh. Theo Tft diln Black's Law, san phdm dugc hilu la nhiing gi dugc phan phii qua boat dpng thuang mai, dk six dung va tieu
ThS. TRAN VU HAI *
dung va thuang c6 mot hoac mot so dac tinh sau: 1) mot tai san hun hinh; 2) ket qua cua viec che tao hoac che bien; 3) thu da di qua mot chu6i phan phii thuang mai truac khi dugc sft dung hoac tieu dimg.^^^ Khai quat lai, san pham la pham tru chi cai ma con nguai co the tao ra nham phuc vu cho cuge song con nguai. Tft each hieu nay, co the dua ra dinh nghTa vl san phdm BHNT nhu sau: San phdm BHNT la dich vu thuang mai ma DNBH cung ling cho ben mua bao hiem voi dieu kien la ben mua bao hilm nop phi bao hilm theo thoa thuan trong hgp dong BHNT.
Vai each thuc tilp can tren, san pham BHNT CO mot si dac diem ea ban sau day:
Thu nhdt, san phdm BHNT cung nhu cac san phdm bao hiem khac, thi hien ra la loai dich vu, tuc la san pham v6 hinh nhung c6 tinh tai san.
San phdm BHNT chinh la loai dich vu nen co tinh v6 hinh, khong bilu hien dual hinh thai vat chdt cu thi ma thong qua cac cam kit cua DNBH dli vai nguai tham gia bao hilm. Lgi ich co ban nhdt tft san phdm BHNT la dugc tra tiin trong truang hgp xay ra su kien bao hiem. Ben tham gia bao hiem CO thi dugc huong mot so lgi ich khac neu CO thoa thuan nhu: Dugc hoan lai mot phan phi bao hilm trong truang hgp buy hgp
Gidng vien Khoa phdp luat kinh t l Tnrdng D^i hpc Lu§t Hd Npi
TAP CHi LUAT HOC S 6 8/2011 25
NGHIEN CCrU - TRAO DOI
dong, dugc mien nop phi bao hiem neu bi thuang tat, benh hiem ngheo v.v.. Nhieu doanh nghiep eon san sang cho nguai tham gia bao hiem vay tien su dung neu hgp dong da CO gia tri hoan lai.
Tuy san pham bao hiem la dich vu thuang mai nhung khac vai nhihig dich vu thong thuang chi cung cdp cho khach hang nhiing tien ich huong thu thong qua cac giac quan (nhu nghe, xem, an, ngu v.v.) thi san pham BHNT noi rieng va san phdm bao hiem noi chung lai co tinh tai san, do la bai vi lgi ich co ban cua khach hang ma DNBH phai thuc hien la tra tien bao hiem hoac gia tri hoan lai cua hgp dong.
Thir hai, san pham BHNT co quy trinh kinh doanh tuang doi dac biet: Doanh thu eo truac chi phi va chi phi khong chac chdn cho timg san pham, doi voi timg khach hang.
Trong boat dong kinh doanh bao hiem noi chung va BHNT noi rieng, DNBH nhan phi bao hiem truac roi mai tra tien bao hiem sau. Phi bao hiem doi vai DNBH ve ban chat khong phai la chi phi ma chfnh la doanh thu ma DNBH dugc nhan khi cung cap san phdm bao hiem cho khach hang. Theo cdch thfte kinh doanh thong thuong, dl san xuat mot san pham nhat dinh, chu the kinh doanh phai bo ra cdc chi phi, sau do ban hang mai CO dugc doanh thu. Nhung doi voi san pham BHNT, DNBH se nhan phi bao hiem tu ben mua bao hiem (ve ban chat la doanh thu), roi sau do moi phai tra tien bao hiem (ve ban chat la chi phi) khi xay ra sir kien bao hiem.^''^
Chinh vi vay, da c6 quan diem cho rang kinh doanh bao hiem noi chung va BHNT noi rieng co chu trinh kinh doanh dao ngugc.^^^
Doi vai san phdm BHNT, viec dinh phi bao hilm la qua trinh kT thuat phftc tap lien quan den quy luat so dong, bang ti le tu vong ciing nhu cac yeu to ki thuat khac. M6i san phdm bao hilm dugc thilt kl, do quyIn lgi ciia khach hang khac nhau nen viec dinh phi cung khac nhau. Do la khong kl din truong hgp khach hang mua them cac san pham bao hilm b l trg de gia tang quyen lgi bao hiem hoac quyen lgi dau tu cua minh.
Thir ba, san pham BHNT rdt da dang va co tinh da muc dich trong timg san phdm.
Do tinh chat la nghiep vu bao hiem con nguai nen BHNT dua tren nguyen tdc khoan si tiin bao hilm chii khong dua tren nguyen tdc boi thuang ngang bang tin that nhu trong bao hiem phi nhan thp. Chinh vi vay, kha nang dong phi ciia khach hang se la yeu to quylt dinh din viec lira chpn san phdm bao hiem phu hgp. Do do, de dap ftng kha nang nop phi khac nhau, cung vai nhihig nhu cau khac nhau, DNBH phai thiet ke nhieu san pham BHNT de phu hgp vai timg nhom khach hang nhat dinh. Do la li do tai sao lai ton tai nhieu loai san pham BHNT tren thi truang bao hiem va cac san phdm mai xuat hien ngay cang da dang.
Thu tu, san pham BHNT dugc the hien thong qua hgp ding BHNT va cac boat dpng cua DNBH dl dap ung nhu cdu lien quan ctia khach hang trong qua trinh thuc hien hgp ding.
Ca chi dl DNBH cung cdp san phdm BHNT la thong qua hgp ding BHNT. Co ehl hgp ding dugc phap luat dam bao bang cac quy dinh nhdm tao vi thi binh ddng gifta cac ben tham gia. Cac cam ket ciia DNBH ve
26 TAP CHl L U A T HOC S6 7/2011
NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO OOI
san phdm bao hilm dugc cung cdp se thi hien ddy du tren hgp ding BHNT ma DNBH ki kit voi khach hang.
Tuy nhien, san phdm BHNT khong don thudn la cac thoa thuan tren hgp ding ma con la cac boat dpng ma DNBH thuc hien nhdm phuc vu quyIn lgi cho khach hang trong thai ban hgp ding. Nhu tren da phan tich, vl eo ban cac san pham BHNT la tuong doi gilng nhau gifta cac DNBH, do do su khac biet gifta san phdm BHNT cua DNBH nay vai san phdm cua DNBH khac khong chi ndm trong cac cam ket ve quyen lgi ma eon a nhiing dich vu "cham soc" khach hang. Nhihig DBNH CO cac dich vu tit, thai dp phuc vu khach hang chu dao tdt nhien se c6 kha ndng canh tranh cao ban tren thi truang bao hiem.
Thir ndm, ca sa kT thuat co ban cua san phdm BHNT la quy luat ve so dong, bang ti le tft vong, lai suat kT thuat va phi binh quan.
De thiet ke san pham BHNT vai tu each la loai hinh bao hilm thuang mai, DNBH phai dua tren nhung ca so kT thuat nhdt dinh nhdm cimg mot luc dat dugc hai muc tieu song song dem lai quyen lgi cho nguai tham gia bao hilm vai muc chi phi hgp li dong thai dem lai lgi nbuan cho DNBH.
Cung gilng nhu cac san pham bao hiem khac, dac trung kT thuat dau tien cua san phdm BHNT la dua tren quy luat vl si dong. Quy luat vl si dong doi hoi viec tham gia BHNT phai gIm nhilu nguai. Quy bao hilm se do nhilu nguai cung dong gop de chi tra cho nhung truang hgp xay ra tin thdt hoac co cam kit tra tiin cua DNBH.
Ben canh quy luat vl so dong, BHNT da dua cu thi vao ea so kT thu^t thu hai la bang
ti 1? tu vong. Bang ti le tu vong dugc xay dung dua tren nguyen tdc thing ke voi si lugng Ian nhftng ca nhan sing qua cac dp tuoi khac nhau. De dam bao cong bdng, phap luat mot si quIc gia da quy dinh vl bang ti le tft vong lam ca so cho cac DNBH tinh toan mftc phf bao hilm dli voi khach hang.
Co so kT thuat co ban tiep theo cua san pham BHNT la lai sudt kT thuat. Do hau hit cac san pham BHNT deu c6 tinh tilt kiem, nen de canh tranh, DNBH phai dam bao muc lai suat hgp li toi thieu nhdt dinh dk thu hut nguai tham gia bao hiem gpi la lai sudt kT thuat. Muc lai suat nay thuang dugc tinh toan sao cho bu dap dugc lam phat binh quan doi vai khoan phf bao hiem da nhan va neu CO the, gia tang them quyen lgi cho nguai tham gia bao hiem. Ve li thuylt, lai sudt kT thuat thuang dua tren cac cdn cu nhu lai suat huy dong von khong ki ban cua ngan hang thuang mai, lai suat binh quan trdi phieu Chinh phu, v.v..^^^
Co sa kT thuat co ban cuoi ciing cua san pham BHNT la viec dinh phi binh quan. Tren thuc te, muc phi bdo hiem thuc (hay con ggi la muc phi tu nhien) ma ben mua bdo hiem phdi nop se khac nhau theo timg nam, timg giai doan trong cuoc dai nguai dugc bao hilm vi muc do nii ro a moi giai doan cuoc dai Id khdc nhau. Dieu nay gay ra nhung phien todi khong chi cho ben mua bao hiem md cho chinh DNBH trong qud trinh qudn li phi bdo hiem. Chinh vi the tren thuc te, cac DNBH cung cdp sdn phdm BHNT dIu dua ra muc phi bdng nhau (gpi Id phi binh quan) ma ben mua bao hiem phai npp cho timg nam. CJ nhihig nam ddu, muc phi bdo hiem
TAP CHi L U A T H O C S6 8/2011 27
NGHIEN CQU - TRAO OOI
se cao ban so vai muc phi thuc, con nhiing nam culi lai thap ban muc phi thuc.
Thu sdu, san pham BHNT thuang dugc DNBH cung cap voi thai han tuong dli ddi.
Da phdn san phdm bdo hilm phi nhan thp deu CO thai ban bdo hiem tu mot nam tra xuong. Tuy nhien doi voi san phdm BHNT, thai han bdo hilm Id tuong dli ddi. Dli voi DNBH, thai ban bdo hilm dai se dam bdo cho khd nang dau tu cua doanh nghiep tft nguIn phf bdo hiem, tft do ddm bdo dugc tinh tilt kiem cua hgp ding bdo hilm. Thai ban bdo hiem ddi ciing giup cho ben mua bdo hilm co khd nang nop phi bdo hiem dl tham gia nhihig hgp dong bdo hiem eo gia tri Ian, ddp ling dugc nhu cau bdo hiem, tiet kiem vd dau tu cua minh.^^^ Rieng doi voi sdn pham bdo hiem tu ki, do chi co tinh chat bdo hilm thudn tuy nen eo the dugc cung cap vai thai ban bdo hiem ngan, thong thuang Id mot nam.
Thai ban bdo hiem ddi cung dnh huong den kT thuat qudn li doi vai sdn pham bdo hiem cung nhu cdc quy dinh phdp luat nham bdo ve quyen lgi cho nguai dugc bdo hiem hoac nguai thu huong. Khong nhu cdc sdn pham bdo hiem phi nhan thg, trong phap luat ve kinh doanh BHNT ghi nhan nhieu quy dinh bdo ve quyen lgi nguai tham gia bdo hiem nhu gia ban nop phi, mien truy xet v.v..
2. Cac san pham BHNT chu yeu
Hien nay tren the giai cung nhu a Viet Nam, BHNT ngay cdng da dang ve loai hinh san phdm nham dap ung nhung nhu cau khac nhau cua khach bdng. Tuy nhien, nhung cdch phan loai pho bien trong hdu hit cac thi truang bdo hilm thuang dua tren mot si tieu chi sau day:
Theo each thfte cam kit bdo hiem cua DNBH thi san phdm BHNT co 3 loai chu ylu Id bdo hilm sinh ki, bdo hiem tu ki vd bdo hiem h6n hgp.
Bdo hiem sinh ki Id loai hinh sdn pham BHNT ma theo do, DNBH cam ket trd khoan tien nhat dinh (mot Ian hoac dinh ki) khi xdy ra su kien bdo hiem Id ngudi dugc bdo hiem sing din thai diem nhat dinh theo thod thuan voi dieu kien la ben mua bdo hiem dong phi bdo hiem. Noi each khdc, bdo hiem sinh ki la loai hinh sdn pham bdo hiem cho truang hgp song cua ngudi dugc bdo hiem.
Sdn pham bdo hiem sinh ki thuan tuy hien nay hau nhu khong dugc cdc DNBH trien khai vi hai li do chinh: Mot la mice dp bdo ve cua loai hinh bdo hiem ndy khong cao, trong khi do tren thi trudng hien nay co nhung sdn pham tdi chinh khdc hap dan ban d muc lgi tuc thu dugc nhu gui tien tiet kiem hoac mua chiing chi tien gui, trdi phieu v.v.;
hai Id chinh sdeh an sinh xa hoi cua nhd nude ngdy cang tot ban, dac biet Id d nhftng nude phdt trien, da 1dm giam nhu cdu bao ve tft sdn pham bdo hiem sinh ki.
Chinh vi vay, hau nhu cdc DNBH hien nay chi cung cap sdn pham bdo hilm sinh ki trd tien dinh ki (thudng dugc bilt din vdi ten ggi Id nien kim nhan thg). CJ sdn phdm ndy, ben mua bdo hiem cd thi nop phi bdo hiem mot Ian hoac dinh ki, sau do tft thdi diem thod thuan, DNBH se dinh ki trd tiin bdo hilm cho ngudi dugc bdo hilm cho din khi ngudi do qua ddi hoac din thdi dilm nhdt dinh. Nlu DNBH cam kit trd tiin bdo hilm dinh ki cho den khi nao ngudi dugc bao hiem qua ddi thi do Id sdn phdm bdo hilm huu tri tu nguyen.^^^
28 TAP CHi LUAT H O C S 6 7/2011
NGHIEN c a u - TRAO OOI
Sdn pham bdo hilm cd nhung cam kit ngugc lai so vdi bdo hilm sinh ki Id bdo hilm tu ki. Bdo hilm tu ki Id sdn phdm BHNT md theo do, DNBH cam kit trd khoan tien nhat dinh khi xdy ra sir kien bdo hiem Id ngudi dugc bdo hiem chet trong thai ban bdo hiem. Bdo hiem tu ki cd dac trung Id chi cd yeu to bdo ve md khong cd tinh tiet kiem. DNBH chi phdi trd tien bdo hiem neu ngudi dugc bdo hiem chet trong thdi gian bdo hilm nen nghTa vu ndy Id khong chac chan.
Chinh vi the, tong so phi bdo hiem tft ki thudng thdp han nhieu so vdi so tien bdo hiem md DNBH cam kit trd cho ngudi thu hudng.
Trong cdc sdn pham bdo hiem tft ki co san phdm tuong doi dac biet la bdo hiem trudng sinh (hay bdo hilm trgn ddi). Ci sdn phdm ndy, DNBH se trd tiin bdo hilm cho ngudi thu hudng khi ngudi thu hudng qua ddi bdt eft khi ndo, miln Id hgp dong bdo hilm cdn hieu lirc.^^^ Bdo hilm trudng sinh CO tinh bdo ve cao nhung no ddi hdi viec tham gia bdo hilm phdi dugc duy tri lau ddi.
Sdn phdm BHNT dugc ua chupng nhdt tren thi trudng hien nay Id bdo hilm hon hgp.
Bao hilm hon hgp Id loai hinh BHNT ma theo do, DNBH cam kit trd khodn tiin nhdt dinh (mot idn hoac dinh ki) khi xdy ra sir kien bao hilm id ngudi dugc bdo hilm sing din thdi dilm bit thdi ban bdo hilm hoac chet trong thdi ban bdo hiem.
Bdo hilm hon hgp la sdn phdm phi biln vi tinh da muc dich cua no. Trude tien, no eo ddy du tinh bdo ve nhu loai hinh bdo hilm tft ki nhung lai cd tinh tilt kiem vd ddu tu nhu bdo hilm sinh ki. DNBH chdc chdn se phdi trd tiin bdo hilm tuy thuge vdo sir kien bdo
hiem ndo xdy ra trude: Ngudi dugc bdo hiem chet trong thdi ban bdo hiem hoac bet thdi ban bdo hiem md ngudi dugc bdo hilm vdn cdn song. Cdc sdn pham bdo hiem hon hgp hien nay rat da dang vd cd nhieu ten gpi khdc nhau tuy theo cdch dat ten cua DNBH ciing nhu cdc quyen lgi md DNBH ddnh cho khdeb bdng.
NIU phan loai theo sir ket hgp gifta BHR^T vd cdc sdn pham phi bdo hiem do DNBH cung cdp thi sdn pham BHNT co hai loai Id san phdm BHNT thuan tuy vd sdn phdm bdo hilm BHNT lien kit ddu tu.
Sdn phdm BHNT thudn tuy Id sdn phdm bdo hilm cd ddy du cdc thuge tinh cua BHNT, khong kem theo cdc lgi ich gia tang vl ddu tu. Trong sdn phdm BHNT thudn tuy cung CO nhung lgi ich gia tang (quyIn lgi bl sung) tft nhung sdn pham bdo hiem bo trg dugc mua kem nhung cdc lgi ich ndy chi nhdm gia tang quyIn lgi bdo hilm, chft khong phdi quyen lgi ve dau tu.
Sdn phdm BHNT lien kit dau tu Id sdn phdm BHNT md ngodi nhimg quyIn lgi bdo hilm gilng nhu sdn phdm BHNT thudn tuy, ben mua bdo hilm cdn dugc tham gia vdo quy ddu tu cua DNBH vd dugc chia lai ddu tu tft quy nay. Cho din nay, sdn phdm BHNT lien kit ddu tu cd hai dang co bdn Id lien kit ddu tu ehung vd lien kit ddu tu don vi. C) sdn phdm BHNT lien kit ddu tu ehung (universal life), ben bdo hilm dugc hudng kit qud ddu tu tft quy ddu tu chung vd khong thdp hon muc cam kit tli thilu do DNBH dua ra.^'°^ Cdn d sdn phdm BHNT lien kit ddu tu dan vi (unit-linked life), ben
TAP CHi LUAT HOC S6 8/2011 29
NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO OOI
mua bdo hiem dugc quyen lira chgn dau tu phi bdo hiem cua minh de mua cdc dan vi cua mot hoac nhieu quy dau tu lien ket dan vi do DNBH thanh lap, dugc hudng todn bp ket qud dau tu vd chiu mpi rui ro dau tu tft cdc quy lien ket don vi da lira chpn tuong ling vdi phan phi bdo hiem da dau tu.^'^^
Ve nguyen tac, phi bdo hiem trong cdc sdn pham bdo hiem lien ket dau tu dugc tdeh bach gifta phan phi ddnh cho bdo hilm vd phan phi ddnh cho dau tu. Trong phdn phi ddnh cho dau tu, ben mua bdo hiem cd tu cdch nhu Id nhd dau tu uy thde, chiu trdch nhiem doi vdi khodn dau tu cua minh theo thod thuan vdi DNBH. Sdn pham bdo hiem lien ket dau tu gop phan 1dm gia tang yeu to dau tu cua sdn pham BHNT, giup thi trudng BHNT cd khd nang canh tranh thu hut von vdi cdc bg phan khdc cua thi trudng tai ehfnh nhu thi trudng chung khodn, thi trudng tien te v.v..
Ngodi nhihig tieu chi phan loai tren day, sdn pham BHNT cdn dugc phan loai thdnh bdo hiem chinh thuc, bdo hiem tam thdi, bdo hiem nhdm, bdo hiem cd nhan v.v.. Do khong cd dieu kien trinh bdy d day, ngudi viet xin dugc phan tich d mot bdi viet khdc.
3. Khung phap luat dieu chinh hoat dong kinh doanh san pham bao hiem nhan tho
Cd the cd nhieu lua chgn khac nhau cua moi quoc gia trong viec xdc dinh vi tri cua bg phan phdp luat ve sdn pham BHNT Id nam d dau trong he thong cac quy dinh vl kinh doanh bdo hiem, tuy thuoc vdo cau tnic phdp luat cua quoc gia do ciing nhu nhung
yeu cau xuat phat tu thuc tien kinh te xa hpi.
CJ Australia, cdc quy dinh vl san phdm BHNT, ciing nhu boat dpng cua DNBH kinh doanh BHNT tap tmng d Dao luat BHNT nam 1995, tuy nhien nhieu vdn de chimg ve hgp dong bdo hilm ciing nhu viec qudn li, giam sdt cac kenh phan phii trung gian lai chiu su dieu chinh cua Luat hgp ding bdo hiem nam 1984. CJ Cong hda lien bang Due, cac quy dinh ve noi dung sdn phdm BHNT ciing nhu kenh phan phii qua dai li dugc quy dinh tai Luat hgp ding bdo hilm nam 1994, trong khi do, nhihig vdn dl khdc vl kinh doanh BHNT dugc quy dinh tai Luat giam sdt cdc DNBH nam 1995. (3 Thdi Lan, boat dong kinh doanh BHNT dugc quy dinh trong Dao luat bdo hiem nhan thp nam 1992. Tuy nhien, Bp luat dan sir va Thuang mai nude ndy ciing dieu chinh mot so noi dung ve hgp dong BHNT trong cdc quy dinh ve hgp dong bdo hiem ndi chung.
CJ Viet Nam, boat dong kinh doanh bao hiem ndi chung vd kinh doanh BHNT noi rieng dugc quy dinh trong Luat kinh doanh bdo hiem nam 2000 (sua doi, bo sung nam 2010). Mot so noi dung chi tilt ve kinh doanh BHNT dugc quy dinh trong cdc van ban dudi luat nhu nghi dinh, quylt dinh va thdng tu. Trong Bg luat dan su nam 2005 cung cd mot sd quy dinh ve hgp ddng bao hilm ndi chung va hgp ding bdo hilm dli voi tinh mang ndi rieng vdi tu each Id loai hgp ddng dan sir thong dung.^'^^
Do nhung dac thu ve ITnh vuc kinh doanh sdn phdm BHNT, phap luat Viet Nam cung nhu nhieu quIc gia tren thi gidi thudng quy dinh nhihig vdn de ca bdn sau day:
30 TAP CHl L U A T HOC S6 7/2011
NGHIEN CQu - TRAO OOI
* Quy dinh vi DNBH cung cdp sdn phdm BHNT
Chu the cung cdp sdn phdm bdo hilm ndi chung vd sdn phdm BHNT ndi rieng Id DNBH. Phdp luat cac quIc gia tren thi gidi dIu cd quan dilm chung Id chu thi cung cdp sdn phdm BHNT la chu thi kinh doanh (ggi Id doanh nghiep, cong ti hoac nhung ten ggi cd nghTa tuong tu).
La ITnh vuc kinh doanh cd dnh hudng tuong ddi sau sac den nen kinh te vd xa hdi, hau bet cdc quoc gia deu yeu cau DNBH phdi dugc cap phep thdnh lap sau khi chftng minh da thod man ddy du cdc dilu kien do phap luat quy dinh. Vi du: Theo quy dinh cua phdp luat Cong hda Phdp, cdng ti bdo hiem chi dugc thdnh lap sau khi dugc cdp giay phep cua Bp kinh te vd tdi chinh vd cong ti ndy chi dugc boat ddng trong pham vi gidy phep dugc cdp.^'^^ Theo phdp luat Australia, DNBH phdi dugc cdp phep bdi Co quan qudn li cdn trpng Australia (APRA)^''*^
d My, DNBH muln hoat ddng cdn phdi xin gidy phep cua cd cdp lien bang vd cdp bang (noi tiin hdnh kinh doanh).^'^^ Theo Hiep hpi quIc tl cac nhd giam sat bdo hilm (lAIS), nhung dilu kien chung nhdt md DNBH cdn ddp ftng khi muln dugc cap phep Id dieu kien vl quy mo vdn, cd tru sd ehfnh In dinh, nang luc cua ngudi qudn tri, dilu hanh, ke hoach kinh doanh ro rdng vd ddm bdo rdng hoat ddng kinh doanh bao hilm Id boat dpng chinh ciia doanh nghiep.^'*^
Trong ITnh vuc bdo hiem, thdng thudng dugc chia thdnh hai nghiep vu ca ban Id bdo hilm phi nhan thg vd BHNT. Su phan chia nay chii ylu d\ra tren nhung dac dilm kT thuat cua
hai loai hinh bdo hilm nay.^''^ Chinh vi vay, phdp luat nhilu quIc gia cd quy dinh phdi tdeh bach hai nghiep vu bdo hilm ndi tren. Vi du, theo quy dinh cua phdp luat Nhat Bdn, mot DNBH phdi dugc Thu tudng Chfnh phu cdp phep vd chi dugc quyIn thuc hien mot trong hai nghiep vu Id kinh doanh BHNT hoac phi nhan thp.^'^^ CJ mot si quIe gia cd thi trudng bdo hiem phat trien nhu nude Anh, DNBH cd the ddng thdi cung cap sdn phdm BHNT vd bdo hiem phi nhan thp nhung phdp luat thudng yeu cau phdi cd su tdeh bach ve qudn If tdi sdn vd boat ddng kinh doanh gifta hai loai nghiep vu bdo hiem.^'^^
Theo quy dinh cua phdp luat Viet Nam, DNBH dugc thdnh lap vd boat dpng khi thod man nhihig dieu kien theo quy dinh cua phap luat vd phai dugc Bg tai chinh cap phep.^^°^ Phdp luat Viet Nam cung quy dinh, DNBH khdng dugc phep ddng thdi kinh doanh BHNT vd bdo hilm phi nhan thp, trft trudng hgp doanh nghiep BHNT kinh doanh nghiep vu bdo hiem sfte khoe vd bdo hilm tai nan con ngudi de bd trg cho BHNT.^^'^ DNBH theo quy dinh cua phdp luat Viet Nam bao gom cac loai hinh cdng ti el phdn, cdng ti trdch nhiem bun ban vd t l ehftc bdo hiem tuong hd.^^^^
* Quy dinh vephe chudn sdn phdm BHNT Tuong tu phap luat cua nhieu nude, phdp luat Viet Nam quy dinh sdn phdm BHNT Id do DNBH tu thilt ke xay dimg tren ca sd quyIn tu chu kinh doanh, Nhd nude tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho cac DNBH trong viec nghien cuu, phdt trien cdc sdn pham bdo hiem ndi chung, trong do cd sdn phdm BHNT.^^^^
Tuy nhien, sdn phdm BHNT khac vdi cac
TAP CHi LUAT HOC S 6 8/2011 31
NGHIEN CQu - TRAO OOI
sdn pham bdo hiem phi nhan thg d cho, DNBH muon cung cap sdn pham BHNT ra thi trudng thi cdn phdi ddp ung mot thu tuc phdp li Id sir phe ehuan cua co quan qudn li nha nude cd tham quyen. Phe ehuan Id thu tuc phap li do co quan nhd nude cd tham quyen thuc hien bdy td sir chap thuan ddi vdi sdn pham BHNT se dugc DNBH cung cap ra thi trudng. Muc dfch cua viec phe ehuan trude bet la de co quan nhd nude tham tra tinh hgp phdp vd cd tinh hgp li cua sdn pham BHNT. Neu sdn pham BHNT cd ndi dung trdi phdp luat hoac dao dftc xa hdi thi sdn pham dd khdng dugc phep trien khai. Sd dT can phdi cd thu tuc phe ehuan sdn pham BHNT Id do nd dugc DNBH thiet kl vd khdng cd sir tham gia cua ben mua bdo hiem.
Mat khac, sdn pham BHNT luon ddnh cho sd ddng ngudi tham gia bdo hiem nen can ddm bdo sir cdng bang cho nhiSng chu the ndy trong moi quan he vdi DNBH.
Rat nhieu quoc gia cd nhung quy dinh khd chat che ve viec phe ehuan sdn pham BHNT. Vi du, theo quy dinh cua phdp luat Thdi Lan, hgp ddng BHNT bao gom cd cdc tai lieu lien quan phdi dugc ngudi dung ddu CO quan qudn li bdo hiem phe ehuan vd DNBH khdng dugc quyen cung cap dudi bdt ki binh thuc ndo khae.^^'*^ Theo phdp luat An Do, sdn phdm BHNT ciing phdi dugc dang ki vdi CO quan qudn li cua chinh quyen trung uang.^^^^ Tuy nhien, mot sd qude gia cd thi trudng BHNT phat trien thudng cd nhung quy dinh "Idng" ban. Vi du: CJ Anh vd Australia, cac sdn pham BHNT khdng nhat thiet phai dugc co quan qudn li nhd nude phe ehuan nhung phai tuan theo cdc quy dinh
phdp luat vl BHNT. Trong trudng hgp cdc ca quan ndy cho rang ndi dung sdn pham bdo hilm da xam pham din lgi ich khdeb hang, thi bp cd quyen yeu cau thay ddi nhung ndi dung dd.^^^^ Trong khi do d Due cung khdng yeu cdu bdt bugc sdn phdm BHNT phdi dugc phe ehuan nhung DNBH phdi nop tdt cd nhung tdi lieu cdn thiet vl sdn phdm bao hilm se cung cdp cho kbdeh bang khi muon dugc cdp phep kinh doanh bdo hiem.^^^^
Tai Viet Nam, phdp luat quy dinh cdc sdn phdm BHNT vd sdn phdm bdo hiem bo trg muln dugc trien khai thi phdi dugc Bp tdi chinh phe chudn.^^^^ De ddm bdo sdn phdm BHNT dugc xay dung dung vdi chinh sdeh cua Nhd nude, phdp luat Viet Nam da dua ra cdc nguyen tac khi xay dimg san pham BHNT nhu phdi dam bdo tuan thu phdp luat; phu hgp vdi thdng le, ehuan muc dao dftc, van hod vd phong tuc, tap qudn cua Viet Nam; ngdn ngft su dung phdi chfnh xdc, don gian, de hieu, cdc thuat ngft chuyen mon can phdi dinh nghTa rd rang; the hien ro rdng, minh bach cdc ndi dung chu yeu cua hgp ddng bdo hiem. Phi bdo hiem phdi dugc xay dimg dua tren sd lieu thdng ke, ddm bdo kha nang thanh toan cua DNBH vd phdi tuang ung vdi dieu kien va trdch nhiem bdo hiem.
Ve thu tuc phe ehuan sdn pham bdo hiem, phdp luat quy dinh DNBH can chuyen cho Bp tdi chinh nhihig tdi lieu can thiet cung nhu can gidi trinh cho nhirng ndi dung cua sdn pham BHNT. Trong thdi ban 30 ngdy ke tu ngdy nhan du hd so hgp le, Bg tai chinh phdi chdp thuan ho|c tft chii chdp thuan san phdm BHNT dd.^^^^
32 TAP CHl L U A T HOC S6 7/2011
NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO OOI
* Quy dinh vi phdn phdi sdn phdm BHNT Phan phii sdn phdm BHNT Id quy trinh nhdm dua sdn phdm BHNT din vdi kbdeh bdng. Ndi cdch khdc, phan phdi sdn phdm BHNT Id each thfte md thdng qua dd, hgp ding BHNT dugc ki kit vd thuc hien. CJ Viet Nam, cdc kenh phan phii sdn phdm BHNT tuong dli md rdng thdng qua viec phdp luat quy dinh san pham BHNT cd thi dugc DNBH phan phii thdng qua ban true tilp, thdng qua dai li hoac mdi gidi bdo hilm, thdng qua dau thau vd cdc hinh thuc khdc phu hgp vdi quy dinh cua phdp luat.^^°^ Nhu vay, ve CO bdn, cdc quy dinh ve kenh phan phdi sdn pham BHNT theo phap luat Viet Nam Cling phu hgp vdi thdng le chung ciia the gidi.
Ddi vdi kenh phan phdi qua trung gian, de dam bao chat lugng dich vu bdo hiem ciing nhu bdo v? quyen lgi cua ngudi tham gia bdo hiem, phdp luat nhieu qude gia dua ra cdc quy dinh ve dieu kien boat ddng ciia dai li bdo hiem vd mdi gidi bdo hiem. Mot sd qude gia con yeu cdu dai li bdo hiem phdi dugc cap gidy phep hdnh nghl theo cdc dilu kien bet sue chat che. Vi du: Theo phdp luat Cong hda Singapore thi mot dai li bdo hiem chi dugc boat dpng nlu dugc co quan qudn li tien te nude ndy cdp gidy phep, chiu sir gidm sdt vdi nhung yeu cdu cao vl tinh trung thuc vd dao due nghl nghiep.^^'^
Theo quy dinh cua phdp luat Viet Nam, dai li bdo hilm cd the Id cd nhan hoac td ehftc, trong khi dd mdi gidi bdo hiem phdi dugc thanh lap dudi hinh thuc doanh nghiep nhung dIu phdi tuan thu cdc dilu kien cua phdp luat (md chii ylu Id dilu kien vl nang lire vd chuyen mon nghi?p vu).^^^^ Dai If bdo
hiem phdi dugc ddo tao tai cdc co sd ddo tao ddm bao chat lugng, theo nhihig yeu cdu cua phap luat ve chuang trinh ddo tao vd dudi sir gidm sdt cua Bp tdi chinh.^^^^ Doanh nghiep mdi gidi bdo hiem phdi do Bp tdi chinh cdp giay phep thdnh lap vd boat ddng vdi cdc thu tuc thdnh lap tuong tu nhu DNBH vd cd muc vin phdp dinh Id 4 ti ding Viet Nam.^^''^
Ben canh dd, phap luat Viet Nam hien hdnh cdn quy dinh kenh phan phdi bdo hiem qua hinh thfte dau thau. Ve ban chat, dau thau Id phuang thfte lira chpn nhd cung cap bdng hod, dich vu tren ea sd ddm bao sir canh tranh gifta cdc nhd cung cap. CJ day, nhd cung cap chinh Id DNBH cdn ben mdi thau Id ben mua bdo hiem. Phap luat Viet Nam quy dinh, viec dau thau bdo hiem dugc thuc hien theo cdc quy dinh phdp luat ve dau thau tren co sd ddm bdo sir minh bach, canh tranh binh dang vd cdng bang gifta cdc DNBH tham gia ddu thdu.^^^^
Kenh phan phdi qua ngan bang (bancasurance, asure banking) da phdt trien nhanh chdng trong nhihig nam gan day vd dugc coi Id kenh phan phdi sdn pham BHNT quan trpng trong tuong lai. Sd dT kenh phan phdi qua ngan bdng dugc khdeb bdng ua chupng Id vi cdc ngan hang cd nhieu lgi the nhu he thdng CO sd giao dich, he thdng hd trg thanh todn cimg nhu thuong hieu. Ben canh do, cdc ngan hang cd the ket hgp cdc tien ich ve san phdm tien giri vdi cdc sdn pham BHNT de phuc vu kbdeh hang dugc tdt ban. O mot sd qude gia chau Au, kenh phan phdi BHNT qua ngan bdng td ra vugt trdi so vdi cac kenh phan phdi truyen thdng. Hien nay d chau A, kenh phan phdi BHNT qua ngan bdng cung
TAP CHi LUAT HOC s 6 8/2011 33
NGHIEN CQU - TRAO OOI
dang phdt trien khd nhanh d nhung quoc gia nhu Trung Qude, Hongkong, Malaysia, Sing^x)re vd Thai Lan.^^^^ CJ Viet Nam, kenh phan phdi BHNT qua ngan bdng cung bat dau phdt trien trong nhihig nam gan day nhung hien chua cd nhihig quy dinh phdp luat cu the dieu chinh ve van de nay.^^^^
* Quy dinh ve ndi dung ca bdn cua hop ddng BHNT
Cam ket bdo hiem ciing nhu quyen vd nghia vu cua cdc ben trong quan he BHNT dugc the Men bang hgp ddng. Hgp ddng BHNT Id su thod thuan gifta ben mua bdo hilm vd IDNBH ve viec DNBH cam ket bdo hiem cho tudi thp cua ngudi dugc bdo hiem, vdi dieu kien ben mua bdo hiem phdi ddng phi bdo hiem; DNBH se trd tien bdo hiem cho ngudi dugc bdo hiem hoac ngudi thu hudng nlu ngudi dugc bdo hiem sdng hoac chet trong thdi giein thod thuan.^^*^ Mot cdch ngan gpn, hgp ddng BHNT Id thod thuan gifta DNBH vd ben mua bdo hiem md theo dd, DNBH se cung cap cho ben mua bdo hiem sdn pham BHNT nhat dinh tren ca sd ben mua ddng phf bdo hiem.
Hdu bet phdp luat cdc qude gia deu quy dinh ve ndi dung co bdn cua hgp ddng BHNT cung nhu cdc quy dinh ve hinh thuc hgp ddng. Li do quan trgng dl gidi thich cho viec cd quy dinh nay la viec hgp ddng BHNT thudng bao gom nhung ndi dung rat phuc tap vd tuong dli khd hieu ddi vdi nhihig ngudi cd nhan thuc binh thudng.
Chfnh vi vay, de bdo ve quyen lgi cho ngudi tham gia bdo hiem, phdp luat cac qude gia d nhihig chimg muc khac nhau, deu cd nhimg quy dinh ve ndi dung ca ban ciia hgp ddng
BHNT.^^'^ Nhilu nude khdng lua chgn viec quy dinh cu thi ndi dung cua hgp dong BHNT bao gdm nhung vdn de gi nhung cd quy dinh ve mot sd ndi dung ma cac ben bat huge phdi thod thuan trong hgp dong. Vi du, theo phdp luat Dftc, neu cdc ben thod thuan trdi vdi mot sd dilu da quy dinh trong Luat hgp ddng bao hiem thi thod thuan dd khdng cd hieu lire phap luat.^'*°^
Phap limt Viet Nam hien hdnh khdng quy dinh cu thi ndi dung ca ban cua hgp ding BHNT nhung cd quy dinh vl ndi dung co ban cua hgp ddng bdo hiem ndi ehung.^*'^ Ben canh dd, phap luat Viet Nam ciing quy dinh ve mot si thod thuan trong hgp ddng bdo hiem nhu quyen va nghTa vu ciia cdc ben tham gia hgp ddng, trdch nhiem cung cap thdng tin, cac trudng hgp loai tru trdch nhiem bdo hiem, v.v..^'*^^ Rieng doi vdi hgp dong BHNT, phdp luat cdn quy dinh mot sd ndi dung dac thu chi cd d sdn pham BHNT nhu quyen lgi cd the dugc bdo hiem, trach nhiem thdng bdo diing tuli, nghTa vu nop phf bdo hiem vd mot si ndi dung quan trpng khde.^'*^^
v l hinh thfte hgp ddng, bau hit phdp luat cdc qude gia deu yeu cau hgp ddng BHNT phdi dugc lap bdng hinh thuc van bdn nham ddm bdo khd nang thuc hien diing hgp ddng cua cdc ben ciing nhu tao thuan lgi cho cdng tac kiem tra, gidm sat ciia ca quan nha nude cd tham quyen. Tham chi phdp luat mot sd nude cdn yeu cdu in dam mot sd dieu khodn quan trpng de gay su chu y cua ben
' ' * (44)
mua bdo hiem ddi vdi nhiing ndi dung nay.^
Theo quy dinh cua phap luat Viet Nam, hgp ddng bdo hilm ndi chung va hgp ddng BHNT phai dugc lap thanh van ban. Bdng
34 TAP CHi LUAT H O C s d 7/2011
NGHIEN CQu - TRAO DOI
chftng giao kit hgp ding bdo hilm la gidy chftng nhan bdo hilm, dan bdo hilm, dien bdo, telex, fax vd cdc hinh thfte khdc do phdp luat quy dinh.^'*^^ Phdp luat Viet Nam cung tuang tu nhu cac quIc gia khdc cho phep hgp ddng BHNT cd thi Id tap hgp nhilu van bdn khdc nhau. Tuy nhien, can nhdn manh rang tuy la tap hgp nhieu van bdn khdc nhau nhung tat cd nhirng van bdn dd tao nen hgp ddng BHNT duy nhat, bao gIm ehfnh xdc cdc quyen vd nghTa vu cua cdc ben trong quan he phdp luat BHNT.
* Quy dinh ve gidm sdt hoat ddng kinh doanh sdn phdm BHNT
Do muc do phftc tap trong kinh doanh sdn pham BHNT nen boat ddng nay thudng cd sir giam sat chat che cua ca quan nhd nude cd tham quyen. Ve bdn chat, cd the hieu giam sat boat ddng kinh doanh san pham BHNT Id boat dpng cua CO quan nhd nude cd tham quyen nham ddm bdo ho^t ddng kinh doanh ndy dien ra an todn, bdo ve quyen vd lgi ich hgp phdp cua cac ben ciing nhu ddm bdo sir phdt trien lanh manh cua thi trudng BHNT. Mot trong nhimg boat ddng gidm sdt Id phe ehuan sdn phdm BHNT da dugc phan tich d tren.
Gidm sdt boat ddng kinh doanh sdn pham BHNT Id mot trong nhung khia canh cua giam sdt boat ddng kinh doanh bdo hilm ndi chung. Do mftc dp quan trpng cua van de ndy, Hiep hpi quIe tl cdc nhd gidm sdt bdo hilm (The International Association of Insurance Supervisors, vilt tdt Id lAIS) da dugc thdnh lap nam 1994 dl phdt triln cdc nguyen tdc vd tieu chudn quIc tl ve gidm sat bdo hilm vd edi thien he thing gidm sat bdo hilm tren thi gidi thdng qua sir hgp tdc
vd ho trg lan nhau.^"^^ Hien nay, cdc nguyen tac quIe tl vl gidm sdt bdo hilm dugc thuc hien theo bp "Cdc nguyen tdc cit loi cua bdo hiem" (Insurance Core Principles, vilt tdt Id ICP) dugc lAIS ban hdnh nam 2003.
Tren bet, cdc nguyen tdc cua ICP deu true tiep hoac gidn tiep nhac den viec bdo ve nhung ngudi tham gia bdo hiem vd phong chdng gian lan. ICP cung yeu cau cdc co quan gidm sdt can phdi hgp vdi nhau vd phdi hgp vdi cdc eo quan khdc de viec gidm sat cd hieu qud ban.
Ve CO bdn, phdp luat ve gidm sdt boat dpng kinh doanh sdn pham BHNT thudng cd nhihig ndi dung sau day:
Ve tham quyen gidm sdt
Hoat ddng gidm sdt ddi vdi llnh vuc kinh doanh sdn pham BHNT thudng dugc giao cho cac CO quan chuyen trdch. Mdi qude gia thudng cd CO quan chuyen trach rieng de thuc hien boat ddng nay nham ddm bdo tinh bifu qud ciing nhu doe lap trong cdng tdc giam sdt. Vi du: O Singapore Id Ca quan tien te Singapore (MAS), d Thdi Lan Id Vu bdo hiem thuge Bp thuang mai Thai Lan... C5 Viet Nam, Bp tdi chinh la co quan cd thdm quyen gidm sdt boat ddng kinh doanh bdo hiem ndi chung, trong dd cd ITnh vuc BHNT.^''^^ Tft nam 2009, boat ddng gidm sdt bdo hilm dugc thuc hien true tiep bdi Cue qudn h, gidm sdt bdo hiem true thuoc Bp tdi chfnh.^''^^
v l ndi dung giam sdt
Ndi dung gidm sat khd da dang nham ddm bdo cho co quan giam sdt cd khd nang ddnh gid dung ve tinh hinh boat ddng cua DNBH cung nhu cua thi trudng bdo hiem.
Theo lAIS, ndi dung gidm sdt dugc tap trung vdo cdc ITnh vuc sau day:^'' ^
TAP CHl LUAT HOC S6 8/2011 35
NGHIEN CQU - TRAO DOI
Mot la DNBH phdi dugc cap phep vd chi boat ddng trong pham vi dugc cap phep.
Hai la DNBH phai dam bdo dap ftng dugc cdc yeu cau ve qudn tri doanh nghiep theo quy dinh cua phdp luat tren co sd ddm bdo quyen lgi cho cdc ben lien quan.
Ba la CO quan gidm sdt cdn cd trach nhiem gidm sdt boat ddng cua thi trudng bdo hiem bang tat ea nhihig ngudn luc san cd cung nhu su hgp tdc gifta cdc co quan gidm sat vdi nhau nham phan tich cdc yeu td cd khd nang tdc ddng den DNBH vd thi trudng bdo hiem.
Bdn Id viec giam sat phdi dugc thuc hien nham bao ve quyen lgi cua khach hang. Cdc CO quan gidm sdt can dat ra nhihig yeu cau tdi thieu doi vdi DNBH vd cdc trung gian trong viec ddi xft vdi ngudi tieu dimg trong cdc quy dinh, bao gdm cd cac DNBH nude ngodi bdn cdc sdn pham xuyen bien gidi. NghTa vu cung cap vd nhan manh cdc thdng tin quan trgng cua DNBH Id bet sue quan trgng.
Ve phuang thfte gidm sdt
lAIS quy dinh hai phuang thfte giam sdt CO bdn la gidm sdt gidn tiep vd gidm sdt true tiep. Viec gidm sat gidn tiep dugc thuc hien thdng qua co che tiep nhan thdng tin vd thuc hien viec ddnh gid thdng qua cdc thdng tin da tiep nhan. Trong khi dd, vdi phuang thuc gidm sat true tiep, co quan giam sat thuc hien viec kiem tra tai ehd boat ddng kinh doanh cua DNBH va su tuan thu cua DNBH ddi vdi nhung yeu cau cua phap luat ciing nhu cua co quan giam sat.^^°^
Theo quy dinh phdp luat Viet Nam hien hdnh, viec gidm sdt DNBH dua tren He thdng chi tieu giam sat ddi vdi DNBH dugc
Bg tdi chinh ban hdnh.^^'^ Ndi dung giam sat dugc quy dinh trong Luat kinh doanh bdo hiem vd cac van ban quy dinh chi tiet thi hdnh van ban luat ndy./.
(l).Xem: Khodn 12 Di6u 3 Ludt kinh doanh bdo hiim ndm 2000.
(2).Xem: Nguyin Thj Hai Dudng, "Mpt so giai phdp phdt triln thj truimg BHNT a Vi§t Nam", Luan dn tiin sT kinh ti, Tniomg dai hoc kinh t6 quIc dan, Hd Noi, 2006, tr. 14.
(3).Xem: Bryan A.Gamer (1999), Black's Law Dictionary. Nxb. West Publishing Co., USA, tr. 1225.
(4). Phap ludt v6 kinh doanh bao hiSm hau hSt cac qude gia dIu quy djnh, trdch nhiem boi thuong hodc trd tiSn cua DNBH chi phdt sinh sau khi DNBH dd chdp nhan bdo hiem va ben mua bdo hilm da nop khodn phi ddu tien. 6 Viet Nam, quy dinh ndy cung CO trong Lu^t kinh doanh bao hiem ndm 2000 (sixa dli ndm 2010) (Digu 15).
(5).Xem: Nguyin Thi Hdi Duong, Sdd, tr. 9.
(6).Xem: Ho Thuy Tien, "Phdt trien thj trucmg bdo hiem nhan tho Vift Nam trong giai doan hpi nh^p kinh ii qu6c tl", Lugn dn tiin si kinh ti, Tru&ng dai hoc kinh te Thdnh phi H6 Chi Minh, 2007, tr. 13.
(7). v l mdt phdp li, o Vi$t Nam khong c6 quy djnh ndo ghi nhan vl thdi han toi thieu md m6t sdn phdm BHNT phdi ddp ihig. Tuy nhien, c6 quy dinh ghi nhan, hgip ding BHNT chi co gia tri hodn lai sau 02 ndm. C6n tren thuc tl, cac DNBH a Vift Nam chi cung cdp cdc sdn pham BHNT (trir bdo hilm tu ki) c6 thiri han bdo hilm tir 5 ndm tro len.
(8).Xem: J6r6me Yeatman, Giao khoa qude ti vi bdo hiim, Nxb. Thing kd, HdNpi, 2001, tr. 180.
(9). Trong mpt so sdn pham bdo hilm tu ki lo?i ndy, DNBH gidi han thdi gian sing ctia nguai duac bao hilm Id 99 hodc 100 tuli. Tuy nhien ngudi dugc bao hiem thudng kh6ng phdi nOp phi cho den thdi dilm dd.
(lO).Xem: "Quy chi triln khai sdn phdm bdo hilm lien kit chung" ban hdnh kem theo Quylt djnh ciia BQ tai chinh so 96/2007/QD-BTC ngdy 23/11/2007.
(ll).Xem: "Quy chi triln khai sdn pham bdo hilm lien kit dan vi" ban hdnh k6m theo Quylt djnh cua
36 TAP CHI L U A T HOC SO 7/2011
NGHIEN CQU-TRAO DOI
BQ tdi chinh s6 102/2007/QD-BTC ngdy 14/12/2007.
(12).Xem: Cdc dilu tir 567 din 578 Bo luat dan su ndm 2005.
(13).Xem: Dilu L.321.10 Bo luat bdo hilm Cdng hod Phdp.
(14). Australia, Life Insurance Act 1995.
(15).Xem: Jerome Yeatman, Sdd, tr. 397.
(16). lAIS (1998), Supervisory Standard on Licensing, ngudn: www.iaisweb.org/__temp/Supervi sorystand ard_on_licensing.pdf
(17). Cdc sdn phdm bdo hilm phi nhan tho dugc quan li theo kT thuat phan chia, trong khi do cac san phdm bdo hilm nhan thg lai chii yeu dugc qudn li theo kT thuat tdn tich.
(18).Xem: Japan, Insurance Business Act 1995, Artice3.
(19).Xem: J^rdme Yeatman (2001), Sdd, tr. 127.
(20).Xem: Dilu 58 din 65 Luat kinh doanh bdo hilm ndm 2000 (sira ddi ndm 2010).
(21).Xem: Khodn 2 Dilu 60 Luat kinh doanh bao hilm ndm 2000 (sua ddi ndm 2010).
(22).Xem: Dilu 59 Luat kinh doanh bdo hilm ndm 2000 (sua ddi ndm 2010).
(23).Xem: Khoan 2 Dilu 2 Nghj dinh cua Chinh phii sd 45/2007/ND-CP ngdy 27/3/2007 quy djnh chi tilt Luat kinh doanh bdo hilm, khoan 2 Dilu 2
(24).Xem: Dilu 29, Dao luat bdo hilm nhan thg Thdi Lan ndm 1992.
(25).Xem: India, The Insurance Act 1938 (2002), section 3B.
(26).Xem: Micheal Curley (2007), Luat kinh doanh bdo hiim vd hap ddng bdo hiim, md sd VITC NT02, Tdi li?u do Vien bao hilm vd tdi chinh Australia - New Zealand phdi hgp vdi Du dn Trung tdm ddo tao bdo hilm Viet Nam bien soan, Hd Ndi, 4/2007, tr. 64.
(27).Xem: Dilu 5 Luat gidm sdt cdc DNBH Cdng hod Lien bang Due ndm 1995.
(28).Xem: Khodn 2 Dilu 20 Nghj djnh sd 45/2007/ND-CP ngdy 27/3/2007.
(29).Xem: Dilu 20 vd 21 Nghj dinh sd 45/2007/ND-CP ngdy 27/3/2007.
(30).Xem: Dilu 17 Nghj dmh sd 45/2007/ND-CP ngay 27/3/2007.
(31).Xem: Bg tdi chinh, Lugt bdo hiim mot so nuoc, Nxb. Tdi chinh, Hd Ndi, 1999, tr. 432 - 435.
(32).Xem: Dieu 86, Dieu 93 vd cdc diSu khdc dugc ddn chieu Luat kinh doanh bdo hiem ndm 2000 (sira ddi ndm 2010).
(33).Xem: Dilu 31 din 33 Nghi djnh sd 45/2007/ND-CP ngdy 27/3/2007.
(34).Xem: Dilu 4 Nghi djnh sd 46/2007/ND-CP ngay 27/3/2007 quy dinh vl chi dd tdi chinh ddi vdi DNBH va doanh nghiep mdi gidi bdo hilm.
(35).Xem: Dilu 19 Nghj djnh sd 45/2007/ND-CP ngdy 27/3/2007.
(36). Pham Thj Lifin, "Bao hilm ngdn hang - Kenh phdn phdi nhilu tilm ndng", Tap chi nghien cuu kinh ti, sd 8 (303), 2003, tr. 28 - 33.
(37). Tuy nhien, bancassuarance khdng phdi Id bdt hgp phdp vi Nghi djnh sd 45/2007/ND-CP cho ph6p CO nhung kenh phdn phdi md phdp luat khdng cdm (dilm d khoan 1 Dilu 17).
(38).Xem: Trdn Vu Hdi, "Hgp ddng bdo hilm nhdn thg - NhQng vdn dl li luan vd thuc tien", Luan van ihgc sTludt hQc, Trudng Dai hgc Luat Ha Ngi, 2005, tr. 8.
(39).Xem: Jerome Yeatman (2001), sdd, tr.84 - 85.
(40).Xem: Dilu 178 Luat hgp ddng bdo hilm Cgng hod Lien bang Due ndm 1994.
(41).Xem: Dilu 13 Luat kinh doanh bdo hilm ndm 2000 (sira ddi ndm 2010).
(42).Xem: Cdc dilu tir 15 den 21 Luat kinh doanh bao hilm ndm 2000 (sua ddi ndm 2010).
(43).Xem: Cdc dieu 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 38 Luat kinh doanh bdo hilm ndm 2000 (sua ddi ndm 2010).
(44).Xem: J^rdme Yeatman, Sdd, tr. 8 4 - 8 5 .
(45).Xem: Dilu 14 Ludt kinh doanh bdo hilm ndm 2000 (sua ddi ndm 2010).
(46).Xem: http:// www.iaisweb.org
(47).Xem: Khodn 4 Dilu 120 Ludt kinh doanh bao hilm ndm 2000 (sua ddi ndm 2010).
(48). Cue quan li, gidm sdt bdo hilm true thuoc Bg tdi chinh dugc thdnh lap theo Quylt dinh cua Bg trudng Bg tdi chinh so 288/QD-BTC ngay 12/2/2009.
(49). lAIS (2003), Core Principles for Insurance, www.iaisweb.org
(50). lAIS, Tldd.
(51). Quylt djnh cua Bg tdi chinh sd 153/2003/QD-BTC ngdy 22/9/2003 vl vifc ban hdnh He thdng chi tieu gidm sat DNBH.
TAP CHi L U A T H O C S O 8/2011 37
