' D | £ N 0 A N - 0 6 I
THOAI
Mot so van tfe ve ctfdng che
thi hanh an quyen sd hiiru tri tue
BOlOljrCTigN*
Hiin nay, Lu&t Tbi hanh an dan sii va cac v&n ban hvtdng d&n tbi b&nb chua quy dinb cu thivi tiinh tii thu tuc ki bien, khai thac, dinh gi&, ban d&'u gia quyin sdhOu tri tui, do vay, viic ap dung chUa thdng nh&'t, depbat sinb khiiu nai, to'caophvtc tap. Theo dd, viic cudngchi'thi banh an ddi vdi tai san la quyin sd hitu tri tui khd thiic thi.
Quyen sd hitu tri tui - tii sin Idii dinh gii
Phftp lfnh thi faftnfa an dfin sU cfic nftm 1989, 1993, 2004 efaua cd quy dinh dfi vdi cfidng cfad tfai faftnh an vl quyen sd hflu tri tuf ndi cfaung vft ke bien ddi vdi tfti san lft quyin sd faflu tri tuf ndi rieng. De'n Luftt tbi hftnh an dan sfi nftm 2008 mdi quy (tinfa cudng che doi vdi tai san la quyen sd hiiu tri tuf.
Do tinfa chft't. quyen sd hflu tri tuf lft lof i tai san vd hinfa, kfadng de dftng nftm bit, dinfa lupng de tfl dd dinfa gifi. Do dd, vifc cudng efae thi hftnh an nay mdi cd mdt sfi it ca quan tfai hftnh fin dfin sfi tren dia lifin ea nfidc i p dung. Bdi le. vl mft khfich quan, rft't it ngudi phai tfai faftnfa fin cd tai san lfi quyin so faflu tri tuf.
VI mftt chu quan, quyin sd hflu trf tuf rft't khd (tinh lupng ve gift. Bdn cfnh dd,
60 I S 6 l i s ,10-2016)
khdng phai quyen sd hflu tri tuf nfto cung dflpc cft'p Vftn bftng bao lid vft cd Gifiy chflng nhftn quyin tftc gia; cac giao cUcfa doii vdi quyin sd hiiu tri tuf khdng bit bufc phai dftng ky tfi cfic cd quan cd thim quyin. Do vfiy, khi ngfidi phai thi hftnh fin lft cfaii sd failu ciia quyin sd hiiu tri tuf da thfic hifn ky ket c&e hdp ddng cfauyin giao quyin sd hflu tri tue cfao ngfidi khfic hofc chuyen giao quydn sfi dung cfic t&i san nfiy eho cac chu tfae kfaac mft cac chu the dd kfadng tfi nguyen cung c&'p thdng tin thi se khd kh&n trong vife n&m bit thfl lao, lpi fch vft chft't mft quyin sd hiiu tri tue mang Ifi ii efaft'p faftnfa vien tfafic faifn vife cfidng cfae.
Trong trfldng hpp cfidng che ke bien quyin sd hflu tri tue ii thi faftnh fin, vife dinh gift, tfaim itinfa gifi quyin sd
hflu tri tuf eung het sflc khd khftn. phai dfia tren cac quy dinfa ciia Luft Sd hflu trf tuf, Bp luftt Dan sfi... Vifc dinh gift t&i san tri tuf c6 nfailu kfafic bift so vdi tfii san hflu hinh. Xfic dinh gifi tri eua mdt quyin sd hiiu tri tue phy thufic vfto thdi gian, dia diem vft tfnh sinh ldi eiia lofi tfii san nfty. Ngay khi dftng ky quydn sd hflu tri tuf thi ngUdi sd hflu trf tuf eung khdng tfnh het dupe tinh hflu dung vft kha nftng sinh ldi trong tfidng lai eua tfti san mfi minfa dfipe sd hflu, nd chi dupe t h i hifn gift tri qua thdi gian vft mfle df cfafi'p nhfn ciia xa hfi. Vi vfy, hien nay vft'n d l dinh gift, thim dinh quyin sd hiiu tri tuf vin cdn nhilu khd khftn. han cfad.
* ThS Cue Thi hfinh fin dfin su thfinh ph^Hai Phdng
Tap ctii Cong san Chuyen de co so
Bdn Cfnh dd, phfip lufit ve ban dfi'u gift tfti san chUa cd quy dinh rieng, cy t h i vl trinh tfi, thit tue bfin dft'u gift ddi vdi lof i hinh tfti san dfic bift lft quydn sd hflu tri tue.
Ban dft'u gifi quyin sd hflu tri tuf cd mdt thi trUdng cfauyen nhupng fafn cfad, it ngudi quan tfim. Do dd, se kho cd thi tim ra dfipe gia tri thfit ciia mdt tfti san tri tuf. Ve cd ban thi gifi tri eua tfti san tri tuf dupc xfic dinh bftng mfle
^ M q u a n tfim eua ngUdi mua vSi mfle dp chfi'p nhfin dupc ctia ngUdi bfin tai thdi diem chuyin nhupng. Tuy nhien, tren thfic te do dfc thu d Vift Nam, cfic doanfa ngfaifp, td chfie edn chfia quen vdi vifc khai tfafte cac ngudn lpi cua quydn sd faflu tri tue mang lfi. Do dd, khi td cfafle bfin dft'u gifi lofi tfti san nfty se kfad thftnfa edng, kfadng eo ngudi dfing ky mua. Vi vfy, vifc ftp di^g bifn pfafip cfidng chl nfty cung cfai dilng d vifc ke bien mft cfafia t h i xii ly.
NhOng ithi idiin trong tiitfc hiin biin phip cUSng chi
Cfic tranh ehfi'p vd quyin eb hflu tri tuf trong dilu kien phat triln eua Vift Nam faifn nay dfipe xet xu tfaeo ban an, quydt (tinh ctia Tda an chfia nhilu so vdi thfic trfng xfim phfm quyin sd hiiu trf tuf.
Luft Thi hftnh ftn dan sti vfi cic vfin t>an hUdng din tfai
hanh chfia quy dinb cy the ve trinfa tfi tfaii tyc ke bien, kfaai thac, dinh gia, ban dft'u gift quyin sd hflu tri tue. Vdi sfi da dang vft pfafle tap cua he thdng phfip luft ve quydn sd hflu trf tue, neu khdng cd hudng dfin cy thi, chfip hftnh vien rft't khd tfafic hien, d i dftn tdi nfaam lin, sai sdt.
Thfic tiin ap d i ^ g bien phfip cfidng cfae doi vdi tai san lft quydn sd hflu tri tue cd mpt sdkhd kfaftn, bft't (^p sau:
Mgt li, theo Khoan 2, Dilu 84 Luftt Thi faftnfa an dan su. chfi'p faftnfa vien kfai ke bien quyin sd hflu tri tuf cua ngudi phai thi hftnh an.
tfly tflng ddi tupng ciia quydn sd hflu trf tue, efaft'p hftnh vien thu gifl cfic gifi'y td ed lidn quan den quydn sd hflu tri tue ciia ngfldi phai tfai hfinh an.
Dilu nfty rft't khd tfafic faifn trong thfic te. Vi ngudi pfaai thi faftnfa fin thfidng efi't gifi'u cfic gifi'y td cd Uen quan ddn quyin sd hflu tri tuf, khdng tfafic faifn vifc giao cfic gifiy td lien quan de'n quyin sd failu tri tuf. Mft kfaac, quy dtinfa nhu tren mang tfnh Udc lupng. Hifn nay, phap lufit vl tfai faftnh fin dfin sfi cfafia cd quy dinfa cy tfai ve "ddi tupng"
nfio theo quy dinfa trdn. Do dd, kfad fip dyng bifn pfafip xfi phft vi phfm hfinfa chfnh trong hoat ddng tfai faftnh fin dan sfi, eiing nhu fip diing cac
bien pfaap khfic de budc ngfidi phai thi faftnfa fin giao cae gifi'y td Uen quan den quyen sd hiiu tri tue cua hp.
Hai la, theo Miu sd B 27- THADS dupc ban hanh theo TT sd 01/2016/TT-BTP, ngfty 01-02-2016, ciia Bp TU phap ddi vdi quyet (tinh ve cudng cfad ke bien quyin sd hflu trf tuf, Dieu 2 cd ghi: "Giao eho...
sfi dyng, kfaai thfic quyin sd hiiu tri tuf cua ngfidi phai thi faftnfa fin dl lfi'y tiin thi hftnh fin". Ddi vdi quyen sd hflu tri tue cd uy tin hofie gia tri 1^.
(vf dy: bai hat, tac phim difn anh, tranh nghf thuftt,... nfii tidng) thi vifc giao cho ngudi sfi dyng, kfaai tfaic quyen sd failu tri tuf ciia ngfidi pfaai tfai fainfa an dl liy tidn thi hinh ftn kfadng kfad, nhfing dfii vdi quydn sd hflu tri tue khdng cd uy tin, gift tri thft'p thi hiu nhfi khdng ai nhftn sfi dyng, kfaai tfaac quydn sd hflu tri tuf eua ngudi phai thi hftnh an. Trong trudng nfiy, ed quan tfai fa&nh fin dfin sfi cung khdng tfai mang vl kho bao quan, khai tfaac, sfi dyng ii Ifiy tiin tfai fafinfa an dfipe.
Ba lk, vifc ke bien ddi vdi tai san lfi quydn sd hflu tri tue phai bao dam nguydn tfie tfidng fing vdi nghia vu thi hfinfa an etia ngfidi phai thi faanfa an. Tiiy nhien, vifc xfic dinh gift tri ddi vdi quydn sd faiiu tri tue faien nay rfi't khd kfaftn, kfad xac dinfa, nhft't lft
S6l18 1(10-2016) I 61
^ D | £ N D A N - D 6 I
THOAI
dfii vdi cft'p huyen. Vi dy: Mdt bfti faftt faay, ndi tidng, nfaieu ngUdi yeu thfch, dupc cac cd quan chuyen mdn danfa gia Ift ed gift cao,... trong khi ngfaia vy thi faftnfa an ciia ngfldi pfaai tfai faftnfa an tfaft'p fadn rft't nfaieu, ngUdi pfaai thi hanh fin ehi cd tfii san duy nhfi't lft quydn sd hiiu tri tuf ddi vdi bfti hat dd. Vi vfy, khi ftp dung bifn phap eUdng che ke bien nay, chfip hftnh vien rft't di m&c sai lim, vi phfm nguyen tie tUdng fing.
.Boh li, m&c dfl hifn nay trinh dp, nfing lfic ciia dpi ngu chft'p hftnh vien khdng ngiing dupc nang len, tuy nhien, de ed kie'n thfic, nftng lfic xac dinh gift chinfa xic vd tfti san lft quyen sd faiiu tri tue trong trUdng hpp tfaeo Khoan 3, Dieu 98 Luftt Thi hftnh an dftn sfi iu<)c sfia ddi, bd sung nfim 2014, thi phftn ldn chft'p hftnh vien cdn tfaieu kinh nghifm, khdng thi itinh gift chfnfa xac tai san ke bien.
Dl ftp dyng bifn phap cfidng che nay. ben cfnh viec vftn dyng dung eic quy dinh phap luft vl thi hftnh an dan sfi, efaft'p hftnh vien can cd kidn thfic phap luft vl quyin sd faflu tri tuf.
Siu li, trudng hpp ngudi mua tning dft'u gift tfti san lft quyin sd hiiu tri tuf ed quyin thay ddi fap, ten cua chu sd hiiu tfti san lft quyen sd hflu tri tuf (ngUdi phai thi hftnh
62 I S6l18
an) trong gift'y phdp, ban quyen hay khdng? Hien nay, phfip lufit vd thi hftnh an dfin sfi vft sd hflu tri tue chfia quy (tinfa cu thi, thdng nhft't de bao vf quydn ciia ngfidi mua tfti san bfin dfi'u gift.
Biy la, mdt so doi tfidng phai thi hanh i n ldi dyng ke hd ciia phip luftt ve sd hflu tri tuf vft thi hanh ftn d&n sfi de danh bdng ten tudi; lpi dyng anh hucing, uy tfn eua minh ho&c ngfidi khae dl nang khfi'ng gift quye~n sd hflu tri tuf cua minfa. Tfl do, giam thilu nghia vy phai thi hftnh ftn eua hp.
Tim lk, tnidng hpp ngfidi phai thi faftnfa an dang khai tfafte, sil dung quyen sd hflu tri tue b nude ngofti, phap luft vl tfai hfinh an dan sfi ehua cd quy ttinh xfi ly ey thi.
IWot SO giii phip
Qua thfic tiin td chfie thi hftnh an dan sfi, de nang cao hifu qua bifn phftp cfidng efae thi hftnh an quyin sd hflu tri tue, mfit sd giai phap dfidc dUa ra:
Thdnhit, ein tidp tue hoftn thien he thfi'ng phap luftt vl thi faftnh an dan sfi, ed quy dinh ey the vl trinh tfi, thii tue kd bien, khai thac, dinh gift, ban dfiu gift quyin sd hflu tri tuf, bao dam tfnh thdng nhft't, cy thi, sat thflc tiin.
Cu thi, dl nghi siia dfi'i, bd sung mpt sd diim cua Luftt
Thi hftnh an dfin sfi hifn faftnfa, nfafi hb cum tfl "... tdy tdng dU tuang cua quyin sd hdu tri tui....' trong Kfaoan 2, Dilu 84 Luft Thi faftnh fin dan sfl. Bo sung quy dSnh "khi ki biin quyin sd hdu tri tu$
cua ngudi phii thi hanh in, chdp binh viin yeu cdu ngudi phii thi hanh an giao cac gii'y tdhin quan din quyin sdhdu tri tui. Trudng hap ngudi phai thi hanh an khong thtfc hiin yeu ciu cua chi'p binh vien
vi viic giao dc gidy td Uin quan din quyen sdhUu tri tue thi chdp hinh viin ra quyit dinh xi phat vi pham hinb chinb hoic yiu cdu ca quan c6 thdm quyin xi ly hinh stf vi tgi khdng chi'p hknh an tdy tdng mdc do, tinh chi't chd'ng ddi, vi pham cia ngudi phai thi hinh an".
De nghi fad sung quy dinh hfidng dftn trong trfidng hpp chft'p faftnh vien xac dinh gift tfii san ke bien la quyin sd hiiu tri tue "ddi vdi tii sin ki bien li quyen sd hUu tri tu$, trudc kbi ke bien, chi'p hinh viin cin tham khio f kiin cua Cue SahUu tri tui, c&ccO quan chuyin mdn, chuyen gia trong linh vUc sd hdu tri tuf. Tfl dd, tranh vife tfly tifn xfic dinh gift eua chfip hftnh vien, han cfad nii ro dfii vdi vifc xac dinh gift ciia chfi'p hftnh vidn. Dl nghi bd sung quy dinh, hudng din trong trudng hpp kfadng giao dUdc
T n ctn Cong san | Chuyen de CO so
cho ai khai thfic, sfi dyng quyen sd hflu tri tue.
Tbd bai, dfty mfnh cdng tftc dfto tao vft dfto tf o lai dpi ngu chap hftnh vien, qua do, nfing eao nang Itfc, kien thfic ciia dpi ngu chfip faftnfa vien ve phap lufit thi faanfa ftn ndi chung vft pfaap luftt vd quyin sd hiiu tri tue.
Trong (^ng tftc tfai faftnfa an dfin sfi, vide dfio tao cfauyen sfiu vl thi hftnh ftn trong linh vfic sd hflu tri tuf cho chip h ^ h vien, dpi ngu can bd, cdng ehflc lft cin thidt. Dfte bift trong giai doan hifn nay, da't nfidc ta dang trong qua trinfa fadi nhftp kinh te qudc te, vfin ii cfidng che thi hfinfa an ddi vdi tfti san lft quyin sd hflu tri tuf khdng edn gidi ban trong pham vi qudic gia mfi cdn mang tfnh toftn ciu.
Hpi nhftp kinh td qudc td dftt ra efte vft'n dd, nfaU vifc tufin thti phftp luftt; cic cd chefaof t dpng; hiep dinh; tfadng If qudc te... doi hoi dpi ngu chfip hfinh vien, (»n lip, (Mng chfle phai am failu pfafip luftt kfafing chl lft phap luat qudc gia mft edn lft phap luftt qudc te. tftp qufin qudc te; ed kha nftng fl:ng dyng khoa hpc cfing nghe vfto linh vfic edng tac, cd n&ng lfic tham mtlu, td chfie vft triln kliai tfafic hien nhflng vft'n d l theo yeu cftu cdng tftc.
Nhin nlifn mft each khacfa quan. nhflng nftm qua, edng
tac dfto tf o bdi dudng cdng chfle, vien cfafle, trong dd cd dpi ngu chap faanfa vien da dupe Bd Tu pfafip tien faanh cfin ban, ed trpng tam, trpng diem. Bd da xay dfing, ban faanfa kd faof cfa va td cfafic eae Idp dfto tfo, bdi dudng ngfaifp vy, trong do cd ngfaifp vy cfidng cfad thi faanfa fin trong Unfa vfic sd hflu tri tue, tren cd sd Quy hoach phfit trien nhan lfic Vift Nam giai dofn 2011 2020 vft Quy hoach phat trien ngudn nhftn lfic ngftnh Tfi pfaap giai dofn 2011 - 2020, eflng fafing loat cac cfaUdng trinh, de fin cy the nhftm bao dam sfi kd thiia dn dinh. liiy nhien, de nftng cao hifu qua bifn pfafip cudng che tfai hftnh an dfii vdi tfti san lft quydn sd faflu tri tuf, vifc dfto tf o cfin bd cfafip faftnfa vien trong hof t dpng nfty nen dupe coi lft mdt nhiem vy thudng xuyen, lien tue.
Thd ba, de nghi Bfi Tu pfaap, Bfi Kfaoa fapc Cfing nghf, Bp Tfti chinh sdm cd thdng tu Uen tieh hUdng dftn vife ke bien, xii ly tfti san lft quydn sd faiiu tri tue. Nha't lft cac quy dinh, hudng din v l eftch xfic (tinfa gifi, cfai phf xfic dinfa gift quyin sd faiiu tri tuf, trfidng hpp kfaai tfaac, sU dung quyin sd faflu tri tue d nfidc ngoai.
Ddi vdi efaft'p hanh vien, viec tien hftnh ke bien tfti san cin pfaai quy trficfa ntiifm
mdt cfiefa rd rfing, nhft't la trong vide xfic minh tfti san eua ngUdi pfaai thi hfinfa an.
Xfi ly tfti san lft quyen sd hiiu tri tue Ift pham trii pfafip ly cdn kfai mdi me trong hoat ddng tu phfip qudc gia. De'n thdi (tiem hifn nay, sfi cfafim t r i trong han hftnh tfadng tfi Uen ticfa gifla Bd Tfi pfaap, Bd Khoa fapc vft Cdng ngfaf, Bp Tfti cfafnh da d&n ddn khd kh&n, liing tflng cfao can bp chfip hfinh vien trong efing tfie ke bien, xii ly tfti san lft quydn sd hflu tri tuf, dftc biet lft trong efing tac xac dinh gifi, chi pfaf xac dinfa gifi quyin sd faiiu tri tue, tnidng fapp kfaai tfafic, sfi dung quyin sd hflu tri tuf nude ngofti, lfim anh hudng khdng nhd den thdi gian vft hifu qua thi faftnfa an.
Luftt Tfai faftnfa an dan sfi nftm 2008 di vfto ddi sfi'ng thay the cfao Pfaftp lfnh Thi faftnh an nftm 2004 lft mfit trong nhflng thftnh tfiu dftng ghi nfaftn eua hoft dpng tfi pfaftp nfidc nha. De phu hpp vdi sfi bien ddi khdng ngflng eiia thfic td xa hfii thi vifc tidn faftnfa nhiing dilu chinh, bd sung, ldp thdi xfiy dilng vft ban faanfa cfic vftn ban, quy dinh phap luftt phu fapp vdi thfic tiin cude sdng, trong do c6 cfic quy dinh, cfad tfti, tfadng tfl Uen quan ddn hoat ddng cudng efae thi faanh an quyen sd hflu tri tue lft ein thietl
Sdl18 ' .v016)| 63
