N g h i e n cwu - T r a o d o i
MOT VJil Y KIlN TRAO Otfl V l SOAN THAO T0 TRINH
ThS. T R A N TH! HlfONG HU^
Hoc vien Hanh chinh Quoc gia
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an v6 kl thuat soan thdo van bdn la ndi tdi cdc yeu cdu d6 dam bdo cho van ban khi ban hdnh dat dugc muc dich, dam bao tinh hieu luc va phat huy hieu qua. Moi mdt hinh thuc van bdn sinh ra deu cd muc dich, vai trd rieng biSt va d^ phdt huy muc dich, vai trd rieng biet dd, ddi hdi mdi mpt loai van bdn cd nhiing y6u cdu rieng ve ki thuat soan thdo. Td trinh Id mot loai van bdn hdnh chinh dugc su dung kha phd biSn va thudng xuyen trong boat dong cua cac co quan, td chiic. Td trinh cd vai trd quan trgng, dugc dung de thuyet minh, gidi thich cho cap tren hieu nhung van dh chung nhdt, ca bdn nhat cua mot de an, ke hoaeh hoac chuang trinh, ... ; ddng thdi Id can cii thuc tk &k cdp cd thdm quyen ra quyet dinh phe duyet. Tuy nhien, thuc te hien nay nhiSu ngudi vdn chua hiSu diing ve bdn chdt, muc dich ban hdnh ciia td trinh, nen trong qua trinh soan thdo va ban hdnh van bdn vdn cdn tinh trang nham lan giua viec su dung hinh thiic td trinh vdi cdng van dh nghi (mot lo^i van bdn hdnh chinh ciing cd miic dich ban hdnh gan gidng vdi td trinh).Trong pham vi bai viet nay, tac gid xin dua ra mgt vdi y kien trao ddi ve van de nay nhu sau:
1. Can hi^u diing ve ban ch4t cua td trinh va xac dinh diing cac trirdng hop sw dung td trinh
Hilu dung v6 ban chat ciia tiing loai van bdn cd y nghia vd cung quan trgng trong viec xdc dinh diing trudng hgp sii dung, tiic Id lua chgn diing hinh thiic van ban tuang ling vdi ndi dung can trinh bdy. Ben canh dd, vice hiSu diing v6 bdn chat cua timg loai van ban cdn giup lua chpn dugc each viet,
each ket cau npi dung vd sii d\mg ngdn ngii van phong mdt cdch phii hgp de dat dugc muc dich ciia van ban.
Bdn chdt cua td trinh da dugc rat nhieu cac chuyen gia, nhd khoa hgc nghien ciiu.
Theo tdc gia Nguyen Dang Dung vd Hodng Trgng Phien dinh nghia: T& trinh la mgt logi vdn bdn mang tinh chdt trinh bdy de de xudt mot gidi phdp, mgt du dn vai ca quan cdp tren\ Theo tac gia Le Van In vd Pham Himg:
Ta trinh la mot van bdn de xudt vai cdp tren mgt vdn de mai xin cdp trin phi duyit^. Ddng quan diem nay, trong giao trinh KI thuat x^y dimg va ban hanh van ban cua Hgc vien Hdnh chinh cung neu dinh nghia: Ta trinh Id vdn bdn de xudt v&i cdp tren vi mgt vdn de mai xin cdp tren phi duyit^. Nhu v^y, mJic dii ve cdu chii trong dinh nghia cd khde nhau nhung vS CO ban ciing da thdng nhdt coi td trinh la lo^i van ban dugc diing de fle nghi, yen c3u cdp tren phe duyet mdt van dS, mpt du thdo van ban, mdt chuang trinh, ke hoaeh, hay de an....
Tuy nhien can phdi phdn tich rd ban ve ban chat cua td trinh. "Td" d ddy mang nghia la mdt loai phuang tien gidng nhu gidy (giay di dudng) hay phieu (phi8u giii)... Cdn
"trinh" d ddy nghia la trinh bay, gidi thich.
Nhu vay, bdn chat cua td trinh nghieng vk ndi dung trinh bdy, giai thich ban la d6 nghi, yeu cdu. Npi dung chinh cua td trinh la trinh bdy, thuy6t minh, gidi thich vd tren co sd trinh bay, giai thich, thuygt minh dS dua ra dl nghi yeu cdu. Ngodi ra, "trinh" cdn cd nghia la dua len cdp trin hogc cdp co thdm quyen thdy, biitdi xem xet, thong qua. gidi quyif. Do vdy, n§n hi6u ban chdt cua td trinh la ioai van ban do
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IVghieii c u u - T r a o doi
cdp dudi soan thao dh trinh bay, thuyet minh, gidi thich vdi cdp tren vk nhung ydn dk ca ban nhdt ciia dh an, chuang trinh, ke hoaeh... de xin cap tren phe duyet.
Hien nay, do nhi8u ngudi chua hiSu dung ve muc dich, ban chdt cua td trinh, nen trong qua trmh soan thao van bdn thudng nhdm ldn giiia vice su dung cdng van vdi td trinh. Nhieu trudng hgp nSu theo tmh chat, muc dich cua cdng viec thi phai su dung cong van de nghi, nhung do mang nang tu tudng "xin cho, ban phat" nen da sii dung td trinh d6 gidi quySt cdng viec. Vi du, td trinh ve viec xin xe di thuc tS, td trinh vk viec xm do muc mdy in, td trinh vh viec dh nghi mua gidy ve sinh
Viec "lam dung" nay ddn den hdu qua, hien nay nhieu td trinh da ban hdnh khdng diing vdi bdn chdt, chiic nang cua nd. Mat khac, viec trinh bay the thiic cua td trinh cung chua dugc thdng nhdt giiia cac ca quan, dan vi. Tai Thdng tu sd 01/2011/TT-BNV ngay 19/01/2011 cua Bd Ndi vu hudng ddn vh th6 thiic va each trinh bay van bdn hdnh chinh, quy dinh rdt ro cac thanh phan th§ thiic chung ciia td trinh la loai van ban cd tSn loai, nen chi cd 9 yeu to the thiic bat huge.
Vdy td trinh dugc sit dung trong trudng hgp ndo? Theo quan diem cua ngudi vik bdi nay, td trinh chl nen dugc sut dung khi hdi dil cac yeu td sau:
Mgt Id, chu the soan thdo va ban hanh td trinh phai la ca quan, dan vi cdp dudi (khdng phdi ca quan cdp tren hay ngang cap). Bdi vi, tinh chdt cua co quan cap dudi trong quan he vdi CO quan cdp tren la mdi quan he tdn trgng, chdn muc, ll nghi, do dd khi cdn dS nghi, de xudt vdi cdp tren phdi dung hinh thiic td trinh Id phli hpp. Hon niia, soan thao td trinh la dk dugc phe duyet va chi co quan cdp tren mdi cd thdm quySn phe duyet, nen chu the soan thdo phai la co quan, don vi cdp dudi.
Hai Id, van de can dugc phe duyet trong td trinh la vdn de phiic tap, cdn phai trinh bay,
gidi thich, thuyet minh de lanh dao hieu va phe duyet chinh xac. Chinh tinh phiic tap ciia vdn dk can de nghi, can yeu cau phe duyet la yeu td cdt loi de lua chgn hinh thiie td trinh.
NIU vdn de can de nghi, yeu cdu phe duyet la vdn de dan gidn cd the tra Idi dugc ngay la ddng y hay khdng ddng y thi khdng phai su dung td trinh.
Ba Id, can xac dinh td trinh la dung d^
thuygt minh cho mgt de an, chuong trinh, kl hoaeh,... giiip lanh dao cap tren hieu va phe duyet. Vi vdy, td trinh chi dugc soan thao sau khi da xay dung xong de an, chuong trinh,...
2. V^ k^t cSu noi dung cua td trinh Vdi ban chat cua td trinh Id de thuyet minh va muc dich cudi cung cua viec soan thao td trinh la mong mudn dugc cdp tren phe duyet. De thuyet minh cd hieu qua, ket can noi dung td trinh nen bo tri thdnh timg muc, moi muc deu dat tieu de.
Ket eau ngi dung thdng thudng bao g6m cac miic sau:
I. CAN Cir PHE DUYET
II. QUAN DIEM, CHU TRU'ONG CUA LANH DAO
III. NOI DUNG CO B A N CUA (dk an, ke hoaeh....)
IV. QUA TRINH CHU A N BI N Q I DUNG (de dn, ke hoaeh...).
V. t NGHIA CUA VIEC PHE DUYET VI. KET LUAN
Trong phdn "Can cii phe duyet": trinh bay 2 loai can cii la can cii phap li vd can cii thuc tien de cdp cd thdm quyen phe duyet. Viec dira can Cli phdp li la co sd rdt quan trgng de lanh dao cd phe duyet hay khdng. Bdi ban chdt cua viec soan thdo td trinh Id vice cdp dudi dang lam ehiic nang tham muu cho lanh dao, dS thirc hien cac chiic nang, nhiem vu cua doTi vi va cua co quan. Trong khi ngudi lanh dao Id ngudi chiu traeh nhiem chung ve tdt cd cac^
vdn dh cua ca quan nhung khdng phdi Id nam
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N g h i d n c u u - T r a o d o i
chi tiet tdt cd cac vin dh chuyen mdn. Vi du, thd trudng ca quan khdng the nam chac cdc van de lidn quan d§n viee chi tieu tai chinh bang trudng dan vi phu trdch tai chinh, cho nen can dua can cii phap li de lanh dao thdy ngay dugc tham quy§n phe duyet van dk va tinh hgp phap cua van de xin phe duyet. Ngodi ra, trong phan can cii cdn phdi cd can cii thuc tien de thay dugc tinh cap thiet cua vdn dh cdn xin phe duyet, neu khdng phe duyet de trien khai thi cd the gay ra nhiing hdu qua nghiem trgng. Do vay lanh dao se phe duyet td trinh.
Trong phan "Quan diem, chu truang cua lanh dao": neu len quan diem ciia ca quan nha nudc cap tren va chu truang ciia cap uy ve vdn d6 cdn phe duyet, ddng thdi ed the neu muc tieu cua viee thuc hien de xudt. Ndi dung ndy xudt phat tir thuc tien qudn li, mdi ca quan, td churc hoat dgng deu phdi can cii vao chu truang chung va dinh hudng phat trien chung ciia ngdnh, linh vuc. Do vdy phdi neu quan dilm cua cdp tren de thdy dugc van dk cdn phe duyet la vdn dl da dugc sir ddng thudn ve chu truang ciia cdp tren. Ngoai ra, trong phan nay nen chi rd dugc muc dich cudi cung cua viec thuc hien dl xudt Id gi, se giiip lanh dao nhanh chdng nam bdt dupc vdn de va quyet dinh vice phe duyet hay khdng phe duyet.
Trong phdn "Npi dung ca ban cua (de an, kl hoaeh, chuang trinh...)" cdn trinh bay mot each khai quat nhiing ndi dung co ban cua de an, kd hoaeh hay chuang trinh,... cdn ndi dung chi tilt cd thi dinh kem vdi td trinh. Muc dich cua viec thuyet minh ndi dung ca ban la de lanh dao ndm dugc vdn de cdn phe duyet mot each tdng qudt nhat, tu do quyet dinh cd phe duyet hay Ididng.
Trong phan "Qua trinh chudn bi ndi dung (dl an, kl hoaeh, chuang trinh....)" cdn neu ro qua trinb chudn bi ndi dung dl xudt, trong do neu cu thi ca vl thdi gian chudn hi, ndi dung chudn bi, phuang an tien hdnh, kinh phi thyc hien, ca quan chiu traeh nhiem,...; neu can
thilt nen dua ra mdt vdi phuang an ve viec triln khai thyc hi§n dl lanh dao quylt dinh mdt trong cac phuang an dd. Viec dua phdn nay vao ndi dung cua td trinh la rdt cdn thiet, bdi vi npi dung nay lien quan den tmh khd thi cua vdn dl dugc phe duyet, cho nen lanh dao rdt can bilt dugc qua trinh chudn bi ngi dung dl an, kl hoaeh, chuong trinh,... nhu the nao dl xem xet nang luc trien khai vdn de.
Trong phdn "It nghia cua viec phe duyet"
cdn thuyet minh y nghia cua vi§c phe duy?t dl an, kl hoaeh, chuong trinh,... de khang dinh lai viec phe duyet dl an, chuang trinh, kl hoacb,... la dung ddn, phii hgp vd cap thilt.
Phdn "Kit ludn" neu cac kien nghi, d&
xudt dl td chiic thuc hien de dn, chuang trinh, kl hoaeh va can ket cd tinh chdt khudn mdu nhu: Kinh di nghi hay Kinh trinh lanh dgo (neu ten cu the cua cdp co thdm quyen phi duyet) xem xet, phi duyet./.
Tdm lai, viec soan thao ndi dung mdt van bdn hanh chinh ndi chung va td trinh ndi rieng dua tren ca sd bdn chat, muc dich cua van ban dy la gi, tir dd lua chpn each viet de dam bdo dat muc dich de ra, dam bao hieu qua cua van bdn. Do vay, viSc hieu dung ve ban chat ciia td trinh tu do tim ra each trinh bay hieu qua nhdt ddi vdi td trinh la can thiet. Tren day la mpt sd y kien ca nhan, tae gia bai viet mong ed nhilu y kiln ciing trao ddi ve van dl nay tren Tap chi D
1. Nguyen Dang Dung — Hoang Trong Phien (1998), Huong din soan thio van bin, NXB Thflng ke. Ha Npi.
2 Le van In - Pham Hung (1996), Phuong phap soan thio van bin hinh chinh, NXB Chinh hi Qufle gia. Ha Noi.
3. Hgc vien Hinh chinh (2009), Giio trinh Ki thuat xay dvng van bin, NXB Khoa hoc Ki thu§t. Ha Ngi.
4. Tli di6n tiSng Viet (2003), Nxb Da Ning, trl036.
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