NGHliN CffULlLUAN
Mpt sd gdi y khi tiiiet ke day hpc dpc - hieu van ban van hpc mon NgOf van cl trung hpc cd sd theo Chddng trinh Giao due phd thong 2018
Nguyen Thj Que Vien Khoa hoc Gi^o due Vigt Nam 101 Tran Hi/ng Oao. Hoan Kigm, Ha Noi, Viet Nam Email: nguyerqiieth@gmail,com
TOM TAT; Thiet ke day hgc theo ChUOng trinh Giio due pho thdng 2018 la thiet ketheo dinh hudng nang lUc. Day hgc dgc - hieu van bin van hoc cap Trung hgc ca sd hudng den muc tieu phit trien nang IUc ngdn ngd. nang ldc van hgc va cac nang lUc chung cho hgc sinh. Giao vien khi thiet kS bai day dgc - hieu van bin van hoc can lUu y den vigc hudng dich: Xic dinh cic muc tieu ning luc cu the trong tiet hgc, quy trinh day hgc hUdng den to chdc hoat ddng hgc cho hgc sinh, cic phuong phip, kTthuit day hgc. hinh thde to chdc de thuc hien hoat dgng hgc. Ben canh do, viec Ida chgn phdOng tien vi do dung day hgc, mdi trudng hge tip cung rit quan trgng de ho trO cho viec phat trien ning luc cda hgc sinh.
Tii KHOA: Thiet ke day hpc; Chtitfng trinh Giao due phd thong mdi; van bSn van hpc.
- * Nhan bi\ 05/8/2019 • * Nhan ket qua phSn bier va chinh sila 20/9/2019 •> Duyel dang 25/10/2019
1. Dat van de
Thiet ke day hpc theo Chuong trinh (CT) Giao due pho thong (GDPT) 2018 la thiet ke day hgc phat trien nang lac (PTNL). Thiet ke "tap tmng vao muc tieu hinh thanh va PTNL, hoc sinh (HS) thuc hien cac hoat dpng de ttr tim ra kien thiic, hieu biet phii hpp v6i minh, qua do biet each hoc va biet tu hpc" [1]. Vi vay, giao vien (GV) can hieu ro cac dac diem va quy trinh cua thiet ke day hpc PTNL de thiet kk bai day. Voi mon Ngu van a trung hoc co sa (THCS), day hpc doc - hieu van ban van hoc (VBVH) la mpt ph§n quan trpng de PTNL ngon ngu, nang lire (NL) van hpc va cac NL chung. Viec day hpc dpc - hieu VBVH thuong dl sa vao giang giai npi dung. Nay phai chuydn tu giang giai sang to chirc hoat dpng, chuyen tir npi dung sang NL. Vay, thiet ke day hpc nhu the nao de dap iing dupc muc tieu nay?
Bai viet dua ra mot so gai y ve thiet ke day hpc gnip GV c6 them mpt each tiep can tir goe dp day hpc dpc - hieu VBVH mon NgU van d THCS.
2 . N g i d u n g n g t i i e n CLITU
2 . 1 . Mot so gpi y ttiiet l<e day tipc van ban van hpc ii trung tipc cd SEJ theo Childng trinh Giao due pho thong mdi 2 . 1 . 1 . Xae dinh muc tieu bai hgc
Khi thik kk day hpc cac mon hpc theo CT GDPT 2018, viec xae dinh muc tieu ciia bai hpc phai duac xay dung tren CO so xae dinh dupc cac thanh to ciia NL raa HS can dat dugc sau m6i bai hpc, bao gom viec xae dmh muc tieu ve NL chuyen mon va NL chung. GV can xae dinh ro:
a. Ngu&i hgc se PTNL ngon ngd vd NL vdn hgc gii Bk xae dinh muc tieu nay, GV can: Dua vao cac bieu hien cu thi Clia NL ngon ngi? va NL van hgc trong khung CT Ngu van a THCS tuang img vdi khdi liip minh dang thiet kk; Dua vao VBVH se to chiic cho HS.
30 TAP CHl KHOA HOC GIAO []UC VIET NAM
b. Ngudi hoc sephdt triin edc NL chung ndo?
CT GDPT 2018 xae dinh 3 nhom NL chung la: NL tu chii va tu hpc, NL giao tiep va hap tac, NL giai quyet van dS va sang tao [2; tr5]. GV khi thiet ke can chii dong xae dinh dua cac NL chung nay vao muc tieu bai hoc. Co the chpn mpt hoae nhieu NL chung nhung nen co trgng diem tap trung vao mot nhom NL chung trong mgt bai hgc, coi do la trong tam. Khi thiet ke cac tiet dgc - hiSu, viSc GV chpn nhom NL chung nao can phai tinh den tren ca so van ban dpc - hieu do phii hop vai viec phat trien nhom NL nao nhieu han, hoae GV chii dinh dua nhom NL chung nao vao tiet day,
2.1.2. Lua chpn npi dung day hpc
Lira chgn npi dung day hgc can can cir vao yeu cau can dat trong khung CT Ngir van 2018. Vdi tikt day dgc - hilu, GV can cii vao muc tieu cin dat ciia 4 NL, trong do chii trpng 3 NL: Dgc - hilu, noi, nghe.
De xae dinh npi dung day hgc, GV ckn hilu sau gia tri npi dung va gia tn nghe thuat ciia tac ph^m. Tren ca sa do, GV chon lpc nhirng ngi dung cu thi phii hgp voi HS, phuc vu cho mup tieu da dat ra ban dku. Tranh viec nh6i nhet kiln thiic, bat HS phai hilu tac phdm nhu mot nha nghien ciru van hoc. Thiet ke NL thay vi nang vl npi dung day hoc nay thien ve viec day hpc bang each nao? Tir noi dung hgc HS img dung dugc gi de hieu cac tac phim khac cung nhu hilu chinh minh, nhiing ngudi xung quanh minh^ Vi vav day hgc dpc -hieu VBVH, GV khong nen dua tmn lan tdt cl cac van de trong lac pham. Hay chpn lua dl HS nam duoc chinh the tac pham va di sau vao nhirng v4n dl dac s^c nhlt.
2.1.3. Liia chpn phKdng phap, kl thuat va hinh thiic dav hnr
Ve phuang phap day hgc (PPDH), CT GDPTV h~
2018 chi ro: "Cac mon hoc va hoat done gian H„ , ^
• . ^ s^'^" auc Irong nha
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Nguyen Thj Quetrudng ap dung cac phuang phap tich c\tc hoa hoat dgng cua HS, trong do GV dong vai trd td chirc, hudng din hoat dpQg cho HS, tao mdi tnrdng hgc tap than thien va nhirng tinh hudng cd van de de khuyen khich HS tich cue tham gia vao cac hoat dfing hpc tap, tu phat hien NL, nguyen vpng ctia ban than, ren Iuyen thoi quen va kha nang tu hpc, phat huy tiem nang va nhiing kien thiic, ki nang da tich luy dugc dl phat trien" [3; tr.32]. Su dung cac PPDH tich cue la each dl hinh thanh va phat trien NL ngudi hpc. Cac PPDH duac chpn lua de phii hgp vdi npi dung day hgc. Mgt sd PPDH CO the sii dung trong day hgc dgc - Liieu VBVH nhu sau:
- PPDH hgp tde: Day hpc hgp tac phat huy dugc tinh tich circ, tinh trach nhiem; PTNL cgng tac lam viec va NL giao tilp Clia HS. Khi tien hanh dgc - hieu van ban, GV t6 chiic HS thanh cac nhom va sii dung kl thuat 6 bi, XYZ, khan trai ban,... de HS tien hanh trao doi, thao Iuan theo nhdm.
Day hpc hpp tac dugc sir dung de HS tim hieu nhiing vkn dk nhu: Phan tich hinh tupTig nghe thuat, phan tich gia tri nghe thuat, tim hieu dac diem the Ioai van hpc...
- PPDH gidl quyet vdn di: Cac van de dua ra dl HS xir li, giai quyet can phii hgp vdi chu de bai hpc, trinh dp nhan thiic Clia HS, gan giii vdi cupc song thuc, chiia dung nhirng mau thuan can giai quyet de tir do ggi ra cho HS nhilu hudng suy nghT, each giai quyet vkn dk. PPDH giai quylt van de phat trien kha nang tu duy, NL. Phucmg phap nay rSt phii hpp de HS tim hieu nhirng van de lien quan din viec li giai, cat nghia npi dung tac pham. Vi du: Dgc - hilu truyen Thdnh Gidng, GV dua ra van de: Li giai chien thSng ciia Thanh Giong, cd ngudi cho r5ng day la chiln thJng ciia ngudi anh hiing tai gioi, cd ngudi cho rang day la chiln Ihang ciia siic manh doan ket dan tdc. Em co y kiln gi vl van de nay? Ddy la vkn dk ddi hoi HS phai phan tich cac chi tiet quan trpng trong tac phim, bilt lien he va ting hgp dl khai quat hoa npi dung y nghia hinh tugng Thanh Gidng,
- Phuongphap ddng vai: Day la PPDH rit phiJ hgp vdi hoat dgng dgc - hieu, nhat la vdi nhiing van ban cd ylu td lu sir. Phuang phap nay cdn dupc gpi la san kh4u hoa tac pham van hgc de HS de ddng cam va cam nhan sau sdc hon tac pham. Khi to chirc phuang phap tren, GV ciin luu y:
Danh thdi gian phii hgp cho HS thao luan, xay dung kich ban va chuan bj ddng vai, khich le nhiing HS nhut nhat tham gia. Chuin bi dao cu va hoa trang don gian dl tang linh hap din. VI du: Dong lai tilu pham Thay bdi xem voi sau khi dgc - hilu tac phSm.
- Phuang phdp vdn dap: Day la phuong phap thudng dugc coi la truyin thdng. Song phucmg phap nay dl sii dung nhit trong gid doc - hilu. IGii sii dung phuang phap nay, GV nen chii y trong viec xay dung cac cau hdi: Phii hgp vdl dac dilm nhan thiic cua HS, he thdng cau hoi logic, dl diing vao trpng tam ngi dung dgc - hilu. Ngoai ra, GV can phoi hgp phuang phap vin dap vdi cac phuang phap tich cy-c khac. Hinh thirc td chiic khi day hpc vin dap cung can ket hgp gitra hoat dpng ca nhan va hoat dgng nhdm.
- Vi kithuat dgy hgc: Cac kT thuat day hgc tich cue nhu:
KWL, tia chdp, sa dd tu duy, dpng nao,... dlu cd thi su
dung de td chiic hoat ddng dpc - hilu.
Vi du: Vdi bai Sang thu (Hiru Thinh), GV cd thi sir dung kl thuat dpng nao khi bit diu tim hilu tac phim vdi cau hdi:
Em nghT den nhung dilu gi khi sang thu? HS cd thi co vd van nhiing y tudng phong phii khi thu vl hiy vao dac dilm d mdl viing mien noi cac em sinh song: Gio heo may se lanh, mill com thom diu ngpt, hoa sua ning nan, trdi may bang bac, khdng gian hanh hao, ning nhat,... Tir nhung y tudng tren, GV da khoi day nhimg trai nghiem, tao khong khi dk HS dgc - hieu van ban.
Dl phat tnln cac NL chung, GV co thi chii dpng lira chpn phuong phap va ki thuat day hpc phii hpp. PPDH hgp tac, kT thuat khan trai ban, kT thuat 6 bi,.. .rit phii hgp dl PTNL giao tilp va hgp tac. PPDH giai quylt vin dl, kT thuat tia chdp,_kT thuat dpng nao.. .rit phii hgp dl PTNL giai quylt vin dl va sang tao.Tit ca cac PPDH tich cue theo l6i thiy t6 chirc, trd thuc hien dlu cd thi PTNL tu chii, tu hgc cho HS
2.1.4. Thiet ke cac hoat dgng hpc
Cd nhieu each khac nhau dl to chirc cho HS dgc - hilu tac pham van hpc. Tac gia hudng den phan tich mpt quy trinh day hpc dgc - hilu VBVH nhu so dl dudi day (xem So d i l ) :
Hinh 1: Quy trinh dgy hgc dgc - hieu VBVH Bw&c I: Kh&i dgng
De klidi dpng, GV co the sir dung mpt so kT thuat day hgc tich cue nhu' Trd chai, ddng vai, dgng ndo, xem video, nghe nhgc, xem tranh dnh vd thdo ludn,... Muc tieu la khoi day dugc hiing thu va tao sgi day ket noi giira ngudi dgc va VBVH.
Vi du: Khdi dgng khi hgc van ban Ldng (Kim Ldn), GV td chirc khdi dpng bang each HS thuc hien nhiem vu: Hdy chia se v&i bgn be, thdy cd ve nai em sinh sdngl
HS CO the chuan bi trudc d nhit nhimg birc tranh hay dac san Clia que huong, nhifng cam nhan ciia rieng em ve manh dat yeu quy cua minh, Tir do, GV ket luan va lien he tdi bai hgc.
Bu&c 2: Khdm phd kiin thtrc
Vdi budc 2, HS thuc sir tham nhap vao bai hpc, kham pha nhiing khai niem, tri thiic mdi. Day la budc trgng tam cua qua trinh day hgc. Ddi vdi day hpc VBVH, GV co the cho HS thuc hien cac budc sau:
So 22 thang 10/2019 "
NGHieNCOrULi'LUAN
o. Dgc g-di nghiim vdn bdn vd niu cam nhdn chung ban ddu
- Dgc trai nghiem: GV can tao ca hgi cho HS dugc dgc trai nghiem van ban nhu cupc tham hilm diu tien vao thi gidi ngdn tir. Vdi HS d THCS, cin yeu ciu HS dpc hudc d nha va kiem soat viec dgc bing philu bai tap. Cac philu bai tap dugc thilt ke bam sat vao van ban dl GV kilm soat dugc viec dpc.
Hoat ddng dgc tren ldp can dien ra da dang: HS tu dpc, HS nghe GV hoae ban dgc dien cam mgt doan, trong do quan trgng nhat la HS phai tu' minh dpc. Neu van ban qua dai, GV cd the yeu cau HS dpc nhimg doan tieu bieu, yeu cau HS tdm tat.
- Neu cam nhan chung ban dau: Cam nhan ban dau thudng mang mau sac cam xuc va de Iai an tugng sau dam vdi HS. Cd the la cam nhan chung ve tac pham hoae cam nhan ve mpt khia canh trong tac pham: Ve nhan vat chinh, ve cugc song ciia cac nhan vat, ve biic tranh thien nhien,...
GV hay tao cho HS moi trudng than thien, cdi md, khong ap dat, kich thich HS tu duy.
b. Hinh dung, tu&ng tugng di tdi tgo lgi the gi&i vdn bdn Day la budc de PIS tham nhap vao the gidi hinh tugng dugc xay dung bang ngon tir. (5 thao tac nay, tudng tugng ddng vai tro quan trgng. Thong qua tudng tugng, HS hinh dung Iai mdt phan, hay toan bg the gidi nghe thuat cua van ban. De HS sang tao ngay tir thao tac dd, tren ca sd cdt ldi van ban, GV khuyen khich cac em tai tao iai van ban bang ngdn ngii ciia minh, theo each dien dat cua ban than, khdng ke Iai y nguyen tac pham. GV co the su dung cac hinh thiic sau de thiic day HS hinh dung, tudng tugng nham tai tao lai the gidi nghe thuat ciia van ban nhu: Ke lai nhiing gi em nhin thay, nghe thay, cam nhan dugc khi dpc van ban hoae di^n Iai mpt canh ngan, mot doan thoai.
e. Phdn tich, li gidi, cdt nghTa cdc yen td ndi dung, nghi thudt ciia vdn bdn
u budc nay, GV hudng dan HS dpc hieu sau cac ylu tl npi dung, nghe thuat ciia van ban qua he thing cau hoi. Day la budc quan trgng ddi hdi HS phai sii' dung thao tac lien tudng de tim ra y nghTa ham an cua hinh tugng van hgc. Do do, GV can linh hoat su dung cac phuang phap va kT thuat day hpc giiip HS tu kien tao tn thuc tir van ban, danh gia, van dung sang tao van ban va riit ra each doc van ban theo dac trung the loai. De giiip HS thuc hien tot budc nay, GV can biet chon lua cac chi tiet, hinh anh, su viec dat gia trong VBVH; sil' dung he thong cau hoi dpc - hieu hgp Ii theo cac cap dp, bao gom: Cau hdi phat hien, cau hoi phan tich, suy Iuan; cau hdi danh gia phan hoi, cau hoi so sanh ket noi,...
PPDH CO the sii dung; Day hpc giai quyet van de, day hpc hgp tac, phuong phap van dap,... Hinh thirc td chirc nen ket hgp lam viec ca nhan vdi lam viec nhom.
Bu&c 3: Luyin tap
d budc nay, HS dugc iuyen tap, khic sau cac kT nang, kiln thiic da hpc. HS dugc thuc hanh lihimg bai tap lien quan din bai hgc. GV co thi sii dung bai tap trdc nghiem hoae tu luan ngan.
Bu&c 4: Van dting .. ^ Hoat dpng "van dung diln ra khi HS bilt dua nhung^ gia tq vua dugc tilp nhan vao iing dung, thuc hanh trong o^
mdi. Van dung giup nang cao NL tu hpc, tu dgc - hieu cac tac phim van hoc ngoai tac phim da hpc. Van dung giup HS gdn npi dung tac phim vdi ddi sing cua chmh mmh, hieu sau sac hon ve minh va ddi song xa hpi-
Vi du: Van dung sau khi hgc dac dilm chiia dung bai hgc nhan sinh trong truyen ngu ngdn' Tim hieu bai hoc dat ra trong mdt truyen ngu ngdn khac ma em da biet; Van dung sau khi hgc tac phim Lang (Kim Lan): Hay thuc hien mpt du an tai dia phuang em smh sdng dl quang ba nhung net dep cua dia phuong nhdm thi hien tinh cam va niem tu hao doi vdi que huang.
2.1.5. Ltfa chpn phUPng tien day hpc
"Phuang tien day hgc dugc dimg dl chi nhimg thiet bi day hpc (nhu cac loai dd diing true quan, dung cu may mdc...), nhiing trang thilt bi, kT thuat ma thay trd dimg khi giai quyet nhiem vu day hgc" [4; tr6]. Phuang tien day hgc gop phin lam tang hieu qua day hgc ciia GV; lam ro cac ndi dung hgc tap; khich le ngudi hgc hgc tap va giiip GV trd nen sang tao. De thiet ke, lua chgn phuong tien day hgc, GV can chii y: Phuong tien va hpc lieu phai phii hpp vdi ngi dung, phuong phap, kT thuat day hgc. Lira chpn phucmg tien, hgc lieu de phat trien dugc NL ciia HS. Lua chgn, tim kiem, sang tao cac dd dimg day hpc, hpc lieu, tu lieu vdi khoi lugng phii hgp. Uu tien nhiing hgc lieu cd san, de sir dung nhu trich doan sach, bao hay tranh anh, trich doan bang hay dTa ghi am, bang hay dia hinh, cac md hinh tu xay dung, tai lieu tu suu tap, phieu hpc tap, .
Day hpc Ngu van d THCS theo CT GDPT mdi cin da dang hda cac phuong tien day hpc. Do co the la mpt bg phim cd kich ban dua tren cac tac pham van hgc trong nha trudng (Vi du: HS xem phim Chi Dgu khi hpc doan trich Tiec nudc vo b& (Ngd Tdt Td). Dd cd the la nhiing tranh, anh, video cung cap cac kien thirc len quan den npi dung van ban trong sach giao khoa (Vi du: Khi hpc tac phim Hodng Le nhdt thong chi (Hodng Li nhdt thing ehi), GV cd the chieu phim tu lieu ve Heh su chdng quan Thanh xam lupe cua nghTa quan Tay Son, giiip HS hilu vl gia tri lich sii va gia tri van hpc cua tac phim)... Viec su dung cac tu lieu nay khong chi h6 trg HS tun hieu npi dung bai hgc ma con tao CO hdi de HS duoc trai nghiem nhilu hon.
2.1.6. LUa chpn moi trudng hpc tap
Moi trudng hpc tap la noi diln ra hoat ddng ciia GV va HS trong khong gian, thdi gian xae dinh. Trong moi tmdng nay, co sir tuong tac giua ngudi day va ngudi hpc M6i truong hpc tap khong tu cd san ma GV cin phai tao lap phat trien, duy tri va nudi dudng no, Co thi kl dln'nhune kieu mdi trudng thudng dugc lira chpn sau day Gi" 1 ldp, moi truong da ngoai, mdi tradng trd chai, mdi ZiZ thuc tien... Viec lira chpn moi trudng hgc tap da d ~ mang lai hieu qua tich cue va tang himg thii cho HS ^"^ ^^
58 M\P CHi KHOA HQC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
stS^u^i^
Nguyin Thj Que
Trong hoat dgng day hgc mdn Ngt van THCS, sii dung da dang moi tnrdng hgc tap la viec cin khuyin khich, Hgc mgt tac phim van hgc vl cac cugc chiln tranh chdng ngoai xam cua dan tgc ma HS dugc tham quan, da ngoai tai dia dilm lich sir (bao tang lich sir, di tich lich sii,..) hoae dugc nghe nhu'ng chiln binh nam xua kl chuyen chien trudng, dugc di viing nghTa trang liet sT, tham ba me Viet Nam anh hiing chic chdn cac em se hieu sau sac hon tac phim da hgc, bilt lien he kiln thirc da hgc vdi thuc te ddi sdng, Hpc cac tac phim van hgc, GV cd the td chiic cho HS ddng kich lai cau chuyen da hgc. Viec tl chiic san khau hda tac phim van hgc la phuang phap tit dl tao ra mdi trudng hgc tap mang mau sic nghS thuat, ngi HS c6 co hgi de nhap vai, hoa than, trai nghiem.
2.2. Thiet Ice minh hpa day hpc dpc - hieu van ban van hpc
TRUYEN NGU NGON: ECH NGOI DAY GIENG (Ldp 6)
/, Muc tieu
- Phat triln NL dgc - hieu, NL van hgc:
+ Bilt phln tich nhan vlt Sch qua: Hanh dpng, thai dO cua nhan vat.
+ Hilu y nghTa ham In dugc giii gam trong truyen ngu ngon Ech ngdi ddy giing.
+ Chi ra dupc dac diem ciia the loai truyen ngu ngdn.
+ Bilt lien he bai hpc trong cau chuyen vdi trai nghem cita ban than.
+ Bilt phg phan thoi chu quan, kieu ngao va tich cue hgc tap, ren luyen de nang cao hieu biet cua ban than.
- Phat trien cac NL chung:
+ Tu chii, tu hgc: Van dung dugc mdt each iinh hoat kien thiic, kT nang da hgc de giai quyet van de trong nhimg tinh huong mdi. Tir cau chuyen con ech, lien he ban thin de nhln ra nhiing dieu minh can hgc hoi.
+ Giao tiep, hgp tac: Thdng qua cac boat ddng nhom, HS biet muc dich giao tiep, npi dung giao tiep, hinh thiic giao tiep. HS nam dupe nhiem vu ciia minh, biet phoi hgp vdi ban de tao ra san phim ciia nhom.
+ Giai quyet vin de va sang tao: Biet phan tich van de, giai quyet van de de tim ra y nghTa cau chuyen Sang tao trong hinh thiic dong vai.
2. Chuan bj bdi hgc Chudn bi cua GV:
- Phirang phap va kT thuat day hgc: Phuang phap vin dap, giai quyet van de, day hpc hcrp tac, dong vai...
- Phuang tien day hgc: Sach giao khoa, cac phieu bai tap cho HS, may tinh, may chieu de chieu cac phieu bai tap, dao cii de dong kich.
Chudn bi cua HS:
- Trudc khi den ldp HS can: Dpc trudc van ban; tim hieu nhimg kien thirc eg ban; tra ldi cac cau hdi dpc hieu van ban.
3. Tiin trinh hogt dpng hpc Hogt dgng 1: Kh&i dpng:
Su dung kT thuat tia chdp, trong 2 phiit thuc hien yeu ciu:
Dgc cau thanh ngii "Ech ngoi day gieng", em tudng tugng
rahinh anh gi?
HS tra ldi theo suy nghT ca nhan, GV din ddt vao bai hpc.
Hogt dpng 2: Hinh thdnh kiin thiee a. Dgc vd niu cam nhdn chung
- Dpc van ban: GV dpc mlu; HS dpc van ban trong sach giao khoa.
- HS chia se nhom doi (trong 2 phiit) neu cam nhln chung ve nhan vat ech bang each Ira ldi clu hdi: Em thdy ich nhu thi ndo? HS bao cao trudc ldp (2-3 HS).
b. Hmh dung vd ki lgi the gidi vdn bdn
* Tim hieu tir ngir: HS tim hieu nghTa ciia cac tir khd trong sach giao khoa thdng qua trao doi vdi ban va dpc chii thich trong sach giao khoa, tra tir dien (nlu cin).
* Hinh dung va ke lai:
- GV yeu clu HS hoan thanh phieu bai tap trong thdi gian 5 phiit (xem Bang 1).
- HS lam viec theo nhdm ddi.
Bang 1 : Phieu bai tap hinh dung va ke lai the gidi van bdn
Hoan canh song ciia ech;
+ Song cl dau?
h Cgng dong xung quanh no la ai?
Hanh ddng ciia ech:
Suy nghi ciia con ech:
- HS trinh bay kit qua thao luan. Cac nhdm bd sung y khdng triing lap vdi nhdm tmdc, nhit la d phin nhan xet.
- HS chi ra dugc: Ech sing trong mgt cai gieng, xung quanh no la nhai, cua, 6c. Dd la dilu kien sing chat hep, nho be, im udt vdi mdt cpng ddng xung quanh cung it di, toan nhiing loai vat ylu dt. Hoan canh sing nhu vay khien cho mdi tilng keu ciia ech trd nen vang dpng, khien cac con vat hoang sg. Day la co sd dl Ich nghT biu trdi tren dau chi be bing chile vung va no thi oai nhu mot vi chua te. Dly la mpt suy nghV chii quan, ngay tha cho thiy Ich la mot ke thilu hilu bilt nhung lai huenh hoang, ngao man.
c. Dgc hieu chi tiit vdn bdn - Tim hiiu bdi hge cita truyen:
+ GV dua ra vin dl: Cd ban cho ring Ich bi giSm bep vi do mua to, nudc dinh len khiln Ich bj ra khoi giing. Co ban cho ring Ich bi dim bep vi Ich lam theo thoi quen khi song trong giing. Em co y kiln gi vl vin dl nay'^ Bai hpc em nit ra sau klii dpc cau chuyen?
+ HS thao luin nhom (5 phiit) sau dd trinh bay (GV cung CO the phat cho mli HS mgt tim thiep nho, mli em ghi mgt bai hgc nit ra tir cau chuyen va dan len bang cuoi ldp ligc).
HS chi ra dugc nguyen nhan: Rdi khoi mdi tnrdng song nhd hep, Ich dugc ra ngoai thi gidi rpng ldn nhung Ich vin gia thdi quen cu: Hanh ddng nghenh ngang, nhang nhao,
So 22 thang 10/2019 59
NGHIgN c a u Lf LUAN
coi thudng ngudi khac. Vi vay, cai chet cua ech ia mpt tit yen.
Bdi hge: Mugn chuyen ve con ech, tac gia dan gian ndi ve bai hgc cho con ngudi:
+ Phe phan nhiing ngudi hieu biet it di, han hep nhung tu cho minh la nhat, tu cao tu dai, coi thudng ngudi khac. Thoi xau nay khong chi khien ngudi do trd nen lac hau, thut liii ma cd the tra gia bang tinh mang.
+ Cau chuyen nhae nhd moi ngudi cln biet khiem tdn hpc hdi de md mang hieu biet vi the gidi ngoai kia vo ciing rpng ldn, bao la.
- Tim hieu dgc diem cua truyin ngu ngdn:
GV yeu clu HS hoan thanh phieu bai tap (xem Bang 2)
B^ng 2: Phieu bai tap tim hieu ffac fiiem truyen ngu ngon
• M f l U M M
Ngon ngfl C6t truyen Dung lildng Hinh anh, chl tiet Y nghia
HS trinh bay ket qua, nhan xet ve dac diem nghe thuat ciia truyen ngu ngdn: Cdt truyen don gian, co due; dung Iugng ngan ggn; ngdn ngii ciia ddi sdng nen gian di; hinh anh chi tiet dat gia, da nghTa; y nghTa: Qua chuyen ve con vat, loai vat de noi tdi con ngudi. Bai hgc dugc giri gim trong truyen ngu ngdn vi vay nhe nhang nhung vo ciing thim thia.
Hogt dpng 3: Luy^n tgp
- Hoat dgng nhom: YiS d6ngk\ch Ech ngoi ddy giing. GV chia ldp thanh nhieu nhdra co sd lugng tuong duong nhau, Mdl nhdm xay dumg kich ban, viet ldi cho nhan vat va tl chiic ddng vai. Sau do GV chpn 2 nhdm len dien trudc ldp.
Hogt dpng 4: Van dung
- Trong 5 phut, HS ghi ra giSy dupe cat hinh chu ech nhiing diem tot ciia minh va nhirng diem minh can hpc hoi, GV td chuc chia se bang kT thuat 6 bi: HS diing thanh 2 vdng trdn dong tam quay mat vao nhau, 2 HS doi dien chia se vdi nhau. Sau dd vong trong dimg yen, vdng ngoai dich chuyen sang phai/trai, 2 HS ddi dien tiep tuc chia se. Kit thuc chia se, HS dan len gdc chia se trong ldp hpc. HS co nhieu diem can hgc hdi nhat dugc phong danh hieu "Chu Ich ham hgc nhat".
Hogt dpng 5: Tong kit - ddnh gid
- HS tong ket y nghTa cua truyen Ech ngoi day giing va dac dilm cua truyen ngu ngdn.
- HS tu danh gia ve thai do va kha nang hgp tac trong tilt hpc.
- GV tong ket - danh gia.
Thilt kl truyen ngu ngon Ech ngdi ddy giing la mdt thiet kl bai hpc theo hudng PTNL.
Vi miic lieu: Xae dinh ro cac rauc tieu phat trien NL dgc - hieu, NL van hpc va NL chung.
vi cde hogt dgng hgc: Tiln trinh td chirc bai hgc dugc thilt ke dua tren boat dgng hgc ciia HS, giup cac em hoat dpng, trai nghiem, tu kiln tao nen kiln thde, kT nang:
Khdi ddng, hinh thanh kiln thiic, luyen tap, van dung. Cac phuang phap dugc sir dung la: PPDH hgp tac, phuang phap vin dap, phuong phap giai quylt vin dl, phuong phap dong vai, phuong phap trd chai. Cac hinh thiic to chirc ldp hgc ca nhan, nhom linh hoat. Trong mdi boat dpng hudng den hinh thanh va phat trien NL cho HS. Cu the:
Hoat d(ing hinh th^nh kiln thii-c:
NL dpc - hieu, NL van hpc:
+ Biet phan tich nhan vat ech qua: Hanh dpng, thai do ciia nhln vat.
+ Hieu y nghTa ham In dugc giii gam trong truyen ngu ngdn Ech ngdi day giing
+ Chi ra dugc dac diem ciia the loai truyen ngu ngdn.
NL tu chil, tu hgc: Thong qua hinh thiic cac phieu bai tap, HS biet tu hgc de giai quyet nhiem vu.
NL giao tiep, hgp tac: Thdng qua cac hoat dgng nhom, HS biet muc dich giao tiep, npi dung giao tiep, hinh thirc giao tiep. HS nam dugc nhiem vu cua minh, bilt phli hgp vdi ban de tao ra san pham ciia nhdm,
Hoat d^ng luyen tap:
NL dpc - hieu, NL van hpc:
+ Biet hen he bai hgc trong cau chuyen vdi trai nghem Clia ban than.
+ Biet phe phan thoi chii quan, kieu ngao va tich cue hgc tap, ren luyen dl nang cao hilu bilt ciia ban than.
NL giao tilp, hgp tac: Thong qua cac hoat ddng nhom la ddng vai, HS biet muc dich giao tiep dl ciing xay dung kich bin, bilt phoi hgp vdi ban dl tao ra san phim ciia nhdm.
NL sang tao: Bilt tao ldi thoai rieng cho kich ban, sang tao trong hinh thiic ddng vai.
Hoat dpng van dung:
NL dgc - hieu va NL tu chii, tu hgc: Bilt lien he bai hoc trong cau chuyen tdi ban than, nhan thiic nhiing dilra tdt va nhtmg diem cin hpc hoi cua minh. Viec phong danh hieu cho HS la "Chii ech ham hpc nhat" giup cac em tir nhan thiic: Minh da khiem tin chua?
Hoat dOng tong kit, danh gia:
NL tu chii, hr hgc: Tu danh gia thai dp va kit qua hgc tap cua minh. Tren ca sd do, HS bilt chu dpng va tich cue han trong hoat dgng hpc tap.
3. Ket lu$n
Su chuyen ddi CT tir tiep can ngi dung sang tilp can NL keo theo su chuyen ddi tit thilt kl day hgc ngi dung sang thilt kl day hgc NL, Thilt kl day hpc PTNL ddi hdi sir dli mdi tir muc tieu day hgc, ndi dung day hpc, phuang phap va kT thuat day hpc din phirong tien day hpc, mdi trudng hpc tap...Theo do, thilt kl day hpc PTNL hudng din td chiic hoat ddng hgc cho HS, PTNL tu hgc, phdi hgp giiJa
60 TAP CHi KHOA HOC GIAO DUC VIET NAM
Nguyin Thj Que
hoat dgng ca nhan va hoat ddng nhdra, tao c o hdi cho H S
^ g dung k i t qua hoc tap vao thuc tien.Thilt k l day hpc dpc - hilu V B V H mon Ngir van T H C S y e u cau G V khong chi n i m c h i c tac pham van hpc m a can bara vao khung CT, n i m dugc quy trinh td chiic day hgc dgc - hieu, biet van dung linh hoat cac p h u a n g phap va kT thuat day hpc dpc - hilu, ddng thdi linh boat trong thuc tien day hgc.
Qua do, HS h i l u d u g c y nghTa ciia tac p h a m , biet van dung
kien thiic vao n g u canh mdi.Tuy nhien, thilt k l day hpc khdng bao gid bi go bd trong mdt quy trinh cirng n h i c cu the nao. Mpt tiet day doe - hieu hay va h i p dan phu thudc ca vao kinh nghiem va N L sang tao cua mdi GV. Khi GV cd N L thiet ke day hgc thi viec lua chgn va sir dung tai lieu day hpc nao hay V B V H nao khong con tuyet ddi quan trgng.
T^i li|u tham khao
[1] D§ Ngpc Thong (chii bien) - Pham Thi Thu Hien - Bin Minh Due - D§ Thu Ha - Le Thi Minh Nguyet, (20! 9), Day hgc phdt tnen ndng luc hgc sinh mon Ngii vdn Trung hgc ca s&, NXB Dai hgc Su pham. Ha Noi.
[2] Bp Giao due va Dao tao, (2018), Chucmg trinh Gido due pho thong man NgCe vdn. Ha Noi.
[3] Bp Giao due va Dao tao, (2018), Chucmg trinh Gido due pho ihong long Ihe, HaNoi.
[4] Nguyin Minh Trung, (2018), Phuang tien dgy hgc, htCps://nvspdn,files, wordpress.com/2013/04/bgptdh.pdf, [5] Bo Giao due va Dao tao, (2000), Sdch Ngir vdn 6,7,8.9,
NXB Giao due Viet Nam, Ha Noi.
[6] Dang Thanh Himg, (10/2004), KT thugt thiit ki bdi hgc theo nguyen tdc hogt dgng. Tap chi Phat tnen Giao dye, tr.6.
[7] Do Ngpc Thing, (2019), Gido dn theo yeu cdu phdt triin NL, https://bigschool.vn/pgs-ts-do-ngoc-thong-nghi-ve- giao-an
[8] Vien Khoa hoc Giao due Viet Nam, (2018), Nghien cuu thiet ke dgy hgc mgt so mon hoc vd hogt dong trdi nghiem Iheo Chirang ti-inh Gido due pho thong m&i. Trung tam Phat tnen ben vung chat lupng giao due pho thong quoc gia, Nhiem vu nghien ciiu thudng xuyen, Ha Ngi.
SOME PROPOSALS FOR DESIGNING LESSON PLANS FOR TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION OF LITERARY TEXTS AT SECONDARY LEVEL UNDER THE NEW GENERAL EDUCATION CURRICULUM 2018
Nguyen Thi Que
Ttie Vietnam National Institute of Educational Sciences 101 Tran Hung Dao, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam Email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT: Under the new general education curriculum 2018, designing lesson plans is based on competence-development approach. Teaching reading comprehension of literary texts at secondary level aims at developing the language competences, literary competences, and general competences for students. Therefgre, when designing reading comprehension texts, teachers should focus on determining the specific competency requirements in each lesson, teaching process, teaching methods, and teaching forms to organize learning activities for students.
In addition, the teachers need to pay attention to teaching facilities and supplies, as well as learning environment to improve students' competencies.
KEYWORDS: Designing teaching activities; the new general education curriculum;
literary texts.
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