Mpt s6 suy nghi ve dau tu c6ng tr^n dia ban tinh Nghe An - hi^u qua va nhung han ch^
Th5. Cao Thi Thanh van Khoa Kinh t^, Truong Dai hgc Vinh
Th5.H6ThiThu;^L6 Khoa Kinh te, IVuong Dai hgc Vinh
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i u tu edng dugc hidu l i d i u tu tti cic ngudn vdn ctia Nha nudc, bao gdm diu tu phit tiidn tti ngin sieh nhi nudc, trii phidu chinh phfl, ti'n dung nha nudc, vdn vidn hg phit tridn ehinh thtic, diu tij phit tridn efla c i c dganh nghidp nha nudc va cac ngudn vdn khic cua Nha nudc. Diu tu edng cd vai b'd quan trgng hong vide phit tridn he thdng ket eau hg ting kJ thuit, kinh te v i x i hdi, tgo ddng lyc thtic diy phit tridn kinh te - x i hOi, d i m b i o an ninh qude phdng hen dia ban tinh. Phin vdn niy dupc giao cho cic sd, nginh, c i c dja phuang, eie dem vj thuOc lyc lugng vti trang, td chfle ehinh tri va ehinh til - xi hdi quin ly, sti dung theo quy dinh ctia phip luit. Giai dogn 2011 - 2014, tdng ngudn von d i u tu trdn dia ban tinh dat 180.000 tJ ddng, trong dd: ngudn vdn nha nudc diu tu ngan sich va trii phidu Chinh phti chidm 10%; ngudn vdn tin dyng d i u hr phit tiidn ehidm 7,5%;vdn diu tu ctia eie doanh ngiiiep nha nudc chidm 3%;
vdn ctia d i n cu ehidm 55,5%; vdn diu tu tiirc tiep nude ngoii chidm 4,5%; vdn diu tu qua cic Bd nginh Tmng uong chiem 19,5%.
Kdt q u i d i u tu xiy dyng co bin trong nhung n i m qua d i lim ttiay ddi dang kd kdt ciu ha ting kinh td - xi hOi cfla tinh, nhu: dau tu ning cip v i xiy dyng mdi nhidu tuydn dudng nhu: qudc Id 1, qudc Id 48, qudc 10 7, qudc Id 46, qudc Id 15, eing Ctia Ld, siy bay Vinh, ciu Ben Thfly 2, dudng ndi Qude 10 7, Qudc Id 48, dudng ven Sdng Lam, hd ttidng ciu vupt... Tidp tye nang cap v i lam mdi hon 500 km tinh 10 532, 533, 598, 545 558 537, 538 dudng ddn cie nhi miy xi ming, khu kinh td, khu edng nghiep, dudng vflng nguydn lidu dudng du Itch, cic tuyen dudng bidn gidi, eie bdn eing c i u thay thd cic bdn dd vi 19 tuydn vio eie x i chua ed dudng d td. Nhleu cdng tilnh thtiy lpi Idn du^c d i u tu xiy dyng vi cii tgo, ning cip cic cum hd dip Idn d Thanh Chuang, Dd Luong, hd Sdng Sio,...
kidn ed hda 4.420 km kenh muong. Tip tmng diu tu xiy dyng mOi sd cdng hinh dldn Idn nhu: hgm 110 KV (Thanh Chuong, Didn Chiu...), dua didn vd x i 16 edng tnnh xiy difng 642 km dudng diy hg ttid vi ttgm bidn md bien i p - <3^" "^V ^^ ^*^ 21/21 huydn ttiinh, tfii v i 460 xi cd didn ludi qudc gia. Nhidu ttij hin, tinng tim
cfla eie huyen dugc quy hoach, xiy dyng vi nang cap; nhidu khu dd thi mdi dugc hinh thanh vi phit trien; bO mat ndng thdn ed nhidu khdi sic, 33 x i dugc cdng nhin dat ehuan ndng thdn mdi. MOt sd cdng trinh vin hda x i hdi dupe hoin thanh vi dua vio sti dung hidu qui nhu: bdnh vien da khoa khu vyc 700, eie benh viOn khu vuc vi mOt sd khu lim vien d Vinh, Ctia Ld, Nghi Lde; xiy mdi vi kien ed hda tren 5000 phdng hpc, ning cip 24 benh vidn tuydn tinh, huydn he thong try sd lim viec tfl eip Unh ddn cip xi, cic cdng trinh qudc phdng, an ninh duge cting ed. Nhflng cdng trinh ha tang ky thuit dd d i gdp phin diy nhanh tdc dd ting trudng kinh te etia ti'nh, thu nhip binh quin diu ngirdi dugc ning Idn, ddi sdng ctia nhin din ngiy cing dugc cii thidn e i vd vit chit, lan tinh thin.
BOn cgnh nhung thinh cdng vi ddng gdp tich eye vio qui trinh phit tridn kinh td x i hpi khdng thd phti nhan, diu tu edng cdn ed nhflng hgn chd, nhit l i vd hidu qua diu tu. Thyc td eho thiy, mOt sd dy i n d i u tu chua thye sy phat huy duge hieu qua, nhu thuc hang phit trien eie khu edng nghiOp nhd, khu dd thj (d eae huyen, thj), xay dyng chg theo chuong trinh nOng thOn mdi... tinh hgng quydt dinh diu tu dy i n ehua ein cti vao nguon von vi khi ning ein ddi de thyc hien nen sd dy i n dd dang cdn nhidu. Viec ban hinh quydt djnh diu tu chua gin vdi thim djnh ngudn vdn nen sd dy i n ban binh nhidu nhung kdt qui thyc hien cdn thip, nhidu cdng trinh dd dang, dy i n heo.
Thuc td qui trinh giii ngin cic nim ddu dat binh quin 98%, tijy nhidn ttiye td vin cdn nhidu van dd bat cip, nhidu ehuong trinh dy i n d i cd chu truong, cd quydt djnh phd duydt dy i n nhung vin chua thd bd tri vdn thyc hidn. Nguyen nhin ctia Unh trgng hen mdt phin vin do: cdng tic quin ly kdm, diu tu khdng hgp ty; thieu diu tu tuong xting chg nhung nginh cd khi ning lan tda, din dit chuyen ddi co ciu kinh td, hien tugng diu tu thidu tip tinng vin edn, khdng diit didm cho cie eOng trinh hgng didm... Ngoii ra, hi^u qui diu tu edng cdn bj chl phdi bdi Ipi ich nhdm, dja phuong, sy nd nang hdng qui trinh xdt duydt, tridn khai thuc hien. Thti tuc hinh chinh m i c dfl phflc lap, nhung Igi ldng ldo (hong qui trinh thye hiOn), chit
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NGHIEN ClAJ
lugng edng tic lip vi tham dinh dy i n cdn hgn chd.
Chit lupng hd so trinh ttiim dlnh d eie khiu yeu, do sd don vj tu vin du ning lyc d i p ting dugc yeu cau hdn dja ban chua nhidu. Tinh hgng khdng hoic ehi diu thiu hinh thtic van cdn, ning lyc vi hich nhidm nhi thiu ehua thyc sy duoc kiem dinh chgt che... . Viee pbii didu ehinh tdng muc dau tu khi phd bidn;
cdng tie diu thiu phin cip mgnh cho chti diu tundn cie eg quan quin ly khd khan hong viec nim bit tidn do tridn khai vi tiinh tiJ thye hiOn dy an li nguyen nhin khidn nhidu edng trinh diu tu khdng dgt dugc ydu eiu nhu mong mudn (ci vd chit lupng lan yeu ciu vd mgt thdi gian)... dd cd thd ndi li nhflng nguydn nhan lim cho diu tu edng chua phit huy hdt hidu qui. Vdi tinh hinh nhu vgy vi thye hgng su dyng vdn diu tu cdng hien nay thi rit cin phai quan tim nhidu hon ddn chit lugng su dung loai vdn niy, \a vgy dd ning cao hieu qui diu tu edng hong thcri gian tdi thidt nghi ein quan tim:
Cin ting cudng cdng tie tuydn tmydn dd cd sy ehuydn bidn hong nhin thflc ctia eie nginh, cac dja phuang vd su cin thidt phai hy sinh Icri ieh ridng trudc mit vi myc tieu chung Uong cdng tie thye hien diu tu cdng. Phdi hgp bd' tri vdn diu tu cdng tren eo sd quy hogch diu tu cdng duge xiy dung b i o dim chit lugng eao vi dn djnh. Cin coi Upng ning eao chit luang vi giti dn djnh cic quy hogch diu tu phit trien, coi diy nhu mdt cin cti chti ydu djnh hudng diu tu cdng, hgn ehd vi tidn tdi khdng diu tu cdng ngoai quy hoach, phi vd quy hogch hay bit chip quy hogch ddng thdi tidp tuc nghidn etiu didu ehinh vi hoin thien cic quy hogch diu tu d i lip hudng tdi sy hgp ly vdi sy phit tridn ctia thdi dai. Khuydn khich cic doanh nghidp tu nhin tham gia diu Uiiu thye hidn eie dy i n cd vd'n ngin sich nhi nude vi ke c i vdn ODA. Vd dii ban, cin chu ddng giim thieu din diu tu cdng, ting diu tu ngoii ngin sieh nha nudc hong tdng diu tuxa hpi; lii co eiu diu tu edng, ting diu tu phit trien cic djch vy phyc vy sin xuat, kinh doanh va cic linh vyc hg ting v i xi hOi.
Ndn cit nhting dy i n diu tu khdng dgt eie tidu chi ve hieu qui kinh td - xa hOi va ehua bio dim nhflng yeu eiu vd thfl tyc dd tip tiung vdn cho eae du i n bao dam hoin thanh trong han djnh vi cd hieu qui eao.
Cit giim eae cdng tiinh diu tu edng bang ngudn ngin sieh cd quy md qui ldn song chua ttiit cap bich, cd thdi gian diu tu dii. Khuydn khich cic ehu diu tu huy dOng vdn ngoii ngin sach nhi nudc dd diu tu theo phuong thuc "ehia khda trao tay". Cin die bidt chfl y tiep tye trien khcd nhting dy i n giai quydt vin dd an sinh x i hOi tgi vting khd khan, khu vuc midn ntii, vting ddng b i o din tde thieu sd, cflng nhu cic dy an cd hidu qui kinh td lidn nginh, lidn vting cao.
Phdi hpp tuin thti cic quy ehuin ve thti tuc vi quy
trinh d i u tu, thuc hidn dau thiu tfiue chat va rdng «ai eho mgi thinh phin kinh te vdi cie ngudn diu tu edng. Ting eudng giim sit, phin bidn va kidm ha, td giic, xu iy kjp tiidi va nghidm khie cic vi pham diu tu edng bing cic eOng cy chd tii vd tai chinh va hinh ehinh. Ting eudng cdng tie quin ly, thanh ha, kidm tra, kidm tdin cic du i n dau tij cdng. Lam rd hieh nhiem cfla tung td chflc, e i nhin va thye hien chd dO hich nhidm ddi vdi thfl trudng don vi hong quin ly dau tu edng. Kidn quydt dting nhting dy i n khdng hidu qui, khdng bd tri vdn nhting dy i n khdng du thti tyc diu tu, khdng phe duydt dy i n ndu khdng xie djnh duge ngudn vdn thyc hidn eho vide diu tu mdi...
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Bio cio Hnh hinh kinh t d - x i hdi nim 2015, kd hogch phit tridn kinh td - x i hOi nim 2015 tinh Ngh$
An.
2. Bio eio dau hr eOng tinng hgn 2016 - 2020 tinh Nghd An.
3. Bio cio tinh hinh thyc hien dau tu xiy dyng co bin nim 2015, kd hogch diu tu xiy dyng eo bin nim 2015 tinh Nghe An.
4. Bio cio xtic Udn d i u tu v i phit tridn kinh td ddi ngoai nim 2015 vi ke hogch nam 2015 tinh Nghd An.
5. De i n tip tmng thu htit diu vio Unh Nghd an ddn nim 2020, cii thien mdi trudng diu tu, ning eao chi sd ning lyc cgnh hanh eip tinh.