TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC \'AN LANG Dinh Thj Hoang Phmmg
GIAM NGHEO VUNG DONG BAO DAN TOC THIEU SO TINH LAM DONG HIEN N.W
PO VER TY REDUCTION IN ETHNIC MINORITY REGIONS IN LAM DONG PROVINCE TODA Y
DISH THI HOANG PHlfaNG<'^
T6M TAT: Gidm ngheo la mpt trong nhirng mue tieu thien nien AT md Viet Nam phdn ddu nhdm ddm bdo xd hpi phdt trien hdi hoa, ben wng. Vi vdy. vdn de gidm ngheo ddc biet Id gidm ngheo vung dong bdo cdc ddn loc ihieu so Id vdn de mang linh cdp thiet dgt ra eho Ddng vd Nhd mr&c noi chung cung nhu cdc cdp uy Ddng, chinh quyen cua cde tinh. thdnh pho noi rieng. Tinh Ldm Dong cdng khong ngogi le. Bdi viet Idm ro nhirng thudn Ipi eung nhu nhirng kho khdn trong cong tdc gidm ngheo vung dong bdo ddn tpc thieu sd a tinh Ldm Dong. Bdi viet cung tap trung phdn tich nhirng ket qud da dgt duac vd nhimg hgn die con ton tgi trong cong tdc gidm ngheo vimg dong bdo ddn tpc thieu so cua tinh hi^n nay.
Tukhda: gidm ngheo; viing dong bdo ddn tpc thiilu so; tinh Ldm Dong.
ABSTRACTS: Poverty reduction is one of the millennium goals that Vietnam strives to ensure a harmonious and sustainable development of society. Therefore, poverty reduction, especially poverty reduction among ethnic minorities, is an urgent issue for the Party and the State in general as well as the Party committees and authorities of provinces and cities in particular. Lam Dong Province is no exception. The paper clarifies advantages and disadvantages in poverty reduction in ethnic minority regions in Lam Dong province. The paper also focuses on analyzing the results achieved and the remaining limitations in poverty reduction in ethnic minority regions ofthe province today.
Key words: poverty reduction; ethnic minority region; Lam Dong province .
1. DAT VAN DE ngheo ben vimg d viing ddng bdo dan tdc Ddng va Nha nude Viet Nam nhdn thieu sd. Gidm ngheo ciing la mgl trong thiic rd tam quan trgng ciia viec tang nhiing muc tieu thien nien ky md Viet Nam trudng kinh td di ddi vdi phat tridn van hda, phan dau nham ddm bdo xa hdi phdt trien thuc hien tidn bd vd cdng bdng xa hdi frong xa hgi ben vung. Van kien dai hdi dai bieu thdi ky edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda. toan qudc lan thu XII ciia Dang Cdng san Trong nhiing nam qua, Ddng va Nha nude Viet Nam da khdng dinh: ''Nhdn thue sdu ludn quan tam xay dyng va td chiic thyc sdc vi tri, tdm quan trpng cua phdt trien xd hien cdc chinh sdch an sinh xa hdi, frong dd hoi ben virng vd qudn ly phdt trien xd hpi CO van dd gidm ngheo, dac biet la giam doi v&i su nghiep xdy dung vd bdo ve To
'*' ThS. Truong Dai hoc Da Lat. [email protected] vn. Md s6- TCKHl7-20-2019 25
TAP CHI KHOA HQC DAI HQC \ A \ L.-WG s i r . T h i n g 9 ; i 0 1 ^ quoc... Trong xdy dung vd thuc hien cdc
chinh sdch phdt trien kinh te - xa hpi, quan ldm thich ddng den cdc tdng l&p, bp phan yeu the trong xd hpi, dong bdo ede ddn toe thieu so & vung cao. vung sdu, vung xa, khde phuc .xu hu&ng gia tdng phdn hoa gidu - ngheo, bdo ddm su on dinh vd phdt Irien xd hpi ben xwig" [1, fr.l34-I35].
Lam Ddng Id mpt trong nam tinh mien niii hgp thanh khu vyc Tay Nguyen. Trudc ddy ciing nhu hien nay. Lam Ddng cimg eac tinh khde frong khu w c Tay Nguyen ludn dugc coi dia ban cd vj tri chien luge dac biet quan frpng ve kinh te. chinh fri vd an ninh qudc phdng. Ldm Ddng la nai cu ngy vd sinh sdng eiia ban 40 dan tdc. Ddng bao cdc ddn tdc thieu sd chiem han 20%
dan sd todn linh. Do dieu kien ty nhien va hoan cdnh ljch sir quy djnh, ddng bdo eac dan tdc thieu sd d Lam Ddng ed ddi sdng kinh te - xa hdi cdn chenh lech so vdi ddn tpc Kinh. Sy phdn hda giau - ngheo Idm anh hudng lieu cyc den mdi quan he dan tpc, la mgt trong nhirng nguy co ldn dan den xung dot dan tdc, lam gidm siit niem tin ciia ddng bdo ddi vdi chinh quyen. Vi vay, gidm ngheo viing ddng bao cac dan tpc thieu sd la vdn de mang linh cap thiel ca ve ly luan vd thyc lien ddi vdi tinh Lam Ddng fren chang dudng cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda tinh nhd hien nay.
2. NQI DUNG
2.1. Khai quat ve tinh Lam Dong va ddi song kinh te - xa hpi cac dan tpc thieu so d Lam Dong
2.1.]. Khdi quat chung ve tinh Ldm Bong Lam Ddng Id tinh mien nui phia Nam Tay Nguyen, cd dp cao trung binh tir 800 - 1.000 m so vdi mat nude bien vdi dien tich
ty nhien 9.772,19 km". Ddn sd (den het nam 2016. Lam Ddng hi?n cd 12 don vi hdnh chinh, bao gdm; thanh phd Da Lat.
thdnh phd Bao Lpc va 10 huyen (Lae Duong, Dan Duong, Dire Trong. Lam Ha, Di Linh. Bao Lam. Da Houai. Da Teh, Cat Tien, Dam Rdng). 147 don \ ! hdnh ehinh cdp xd (gdm: 117 xa; 18 phudng; 12 thj frdn); 1.573 thdn. budn. td ddn phd. Theo Quydt djnh sd 582/QD-TTg ngay 28-4- 2017 eiia Thu tudng Chinh phu, tinh Lam Ddng cd: 77 xa khu vyc I; 62 xa khu vyc II (ed 116 thdn dac biet khd khan); 8 xa khu vyc III (34 thdn dac bipt khd khan) [4].
Theo ddng Iich su, dan cu vd thdnh phan ede dan tgc d Lam Ddng ed nhieu bi6n ddi. Ddn cu khdng chi thuan nhdt la cae ddn tdc thieu sd ban dia ma cdn cd nhieu cu dan cac dan tpc khac den sinh sdng. Hi$n nay. Lam Ddng cd 43 dan tdc sinh sdng; frong dd: ddng bao dan tdc thieu sd chiem khoang 2 4 , 1 % (66.536 hp vdi 309.636 ngudi; rieng cdc dan tdc gdc Tay Nguyen chiem khoang 17% dan so); 66 xa va 468 thdn cd tren 20% ddng bao dan tgc thieu sd [9].
2.1.2. D&i song kinh te - xd hgi eae dan tgc & Lam Dong
Ddi sdng kinh Id - xd hdi ciia phdn ldn cdc dan tpc thieu sd tren dia ban linh vdn cdn rdt nhieu khd khan, c6 sy chenh lech ldn ve mpi mat so vdi dan tpc Kinh. Cac dan tdc thieu sd d Lam Ddng cu tni tren nhimg dia ban xa xdi, dia hinh trie frd, giao thdng khd khan, ddi sdng sinh hoat va sdn xudt eua ddng bdo cac dan tdc van cdn Ie thudc nhieu vao tu nhien. Nhin chung, cac hoat ddng sdn xudt van cdn lac hau, kem phdt tndn phan nhieu mang linh chat ty cdp
TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAJ HQC VA\ LANG ty tiic, bd hep frong timg gia dinh, ddng hp, budn lang. Ddi sdng kinh te khd khan keo theo nhieu he luy nhu ddi ngheo, mil chir.
b?nh tal, t? nan xa hdi,... Hien nay, do sy quan tam dau tu cua Dang va Nha nude, cupc sdng cua ddng bdo eac dan tdc thieu s6 da cd nhieu bien ddi so vdi trudc day.
San xuat kinh te d nhieu viing ddn tdc thieu so frong nhirng nam qua da budc ddu chuyen ddn tir ndng thdn ty cdp ty tuc sang nong thdn san xuat hang hda, boat dpng kinh doanh da dang. Tuy nhien, xu hudng nay chua trd thanh phd bien frong cdc viing dong bao dan tdc thieu sd ma ehi phat trien a nhimg noi cd giao thdng thudn loi hoac gan thanh phd, thi Iran.
2.2. Thyc trang giam ngheo viing dong bdo dan tpc thieu so d tinh Lam Dong nhihig nam qua
2.2.1. Nhimg thugn Ipi vd khd khdn dnh hu&ng den edng tdc gidm ngheo viing dong bdo ddn tgc thieu so & tinh Ldm Bong hifn nay
Vf tri dia ly thugn lai: Cdc tuyen Qudc Ip 20, 27, 28, 55 ndi lien Lam Ddng vdi viing Ddng Nam Bg, Thanh phd Ho Chi Minh, cdc linh thudc khu vyc Tdy Nguyen, cac tinh duyen hai Nam Trung Bg tao cho Lam Ddng cd mdi quan he kinh te - xa hdi thuan lgi vdi cde viing, cde tinh frong khu vuc. Ngoai ra, cdng hang khdng Lien Khucmg vdi tdng dien lich 160 ha, nam each frung tam thanh phd Da Lat 30 km dang dupe nang cap thanh san bay qudc te vdi dudng bang ddi 3.250 m, cd the tiep nhan ede loai may bay tam trung nhu Airbus A.320, Airbus A.321 hoac tuong duong. Dam bao sy di lai nhanh chdng giira thanh phd Da Lat vdi cde trung tam kinh te.
Dinh Thj Hoiing Phmmg du Iich eiia ca nude. \ i tri dia Iy thudn lgi la uu the de Lam Ddng cd the phdt trien kinh te - xa hdi ndi chung vd gidm ngheo vimg ddng bao dan tdc thieu sd ndi rieng.
Tdi nguyen thien nhien da dgng-. Khi hau eiia Lam Ddng nam frong khu vuc chju anh hudng eiia khi hau nhiel ddi gid miia bien thien theo dd cao. Dia hinh ciia Lam Ddng tucmg ddi phiic tap, chii yeu la binh son nguyen, niii cao ddng thdi ciing ed nhirng thung liing nhd bang phang. Didu nay ciing da tao nen nhuTig yeu td ty nhien khac nhau ve khi hdu, thd nhudng, dpng thuc vat,... va ca nhiing cdnh quan ky thii cho Lam Ddng. Chat lugng ddt dai ciia Lam Ddng rdt tot, kha mdu md, loan tinh hien cd khodng 273.696,7 ha ddt cd kha nang sdn xudt ndng nghipp. Nhieu vung rimg cdn nguyen sinh, hoang so vdi rat nhieu chung loai ddng, thyc vdt. Tinh da dang sinh hpc ciia he sinh thdi rimg Lam Ddng ddng vai frd quan trpng trong vipc phuc vu nghien ciiu khoa hpc va tham quan du lich. Tai nguyen khoang san d Lam Ddng kha phong phii. Theo ket qud dieu fra tham dd Lam Ddng cd 25 loai khoang sdn.
Lien dodn dia chdt VI da tdng hgp duge 165 diem khodng sdn d Ldm Ddng (trong do ed 23 md Idn, 3 md vira, 48 md rihd va 91 diem quang). Tdi nguyen nude d Lam Ddng khd da dang, cd tiem nang thuy dien rat ldn. Sdng sudi fren dia ban Lam Ddng phan bd khd ddng deu, mat dp trung binh 0,6 km/km- vdi dp ddc day nhd hon 1%.
He thdng cung cap dien d Lam Ddng phong phii, hoan todn dap iing dugc nhu cau dien cua cd linh vdi cdc nha mdy thiiy dien: Da Nhim, Sudi Vang, Ham Thuan - Da Nhim
TAP CHI KHOA HOC BAI HQC VAN LANG „ . T h i n u i l ^ va Dai Ninh va cac nha may dien diezen
Bao Lpc, Di Linh, Can Rang [5].
Lam Dong la mot trong so it cac tinh, thanh ciia Viet Nam so hiiu tai nguyen thien nhien vira da dang vira phong phu.
Tai nguyen Ichi hau, dat, timg, Ichoang san, da dang sinh hpc, tlio nhuong,... la tien d^
thuan Ipi Ion phuc vu cong cupc phat trien kinh te - xa hpi tinh nha, trong do co giam ngheo viing dong bao cac diin tpc thieu so.
Cac ddn toe thieu so a Lam Dong co truyen Ihong doan ket, tuong tra. giup da nhau Irong qud Irinh xdy dimg vd bdo ve vung dai Ldm Dong: Lich sir xay dung va bao ve Lam Dong da in dam quan he doan ket ben chat giira cac diin tpc 6 noi diiy.
Vao thap nien 20-30 cua the ky XX, phong trao dau tranh o Lam Dong chong thuc diin Phap da phat trien rpng khap, Dong bao cac dan toe doan ket cimg nhau dimg len dau tranh chong bat phu, bat linh, chong chinh sach cuop dat dai ciia bon tu san Phap,...
Cupc bai cong ciia cong nhan cac dan tpc 6 d6n diSn che Cau DSt (1936, 1937, 1938), hang Xidec (1938),... doi tang luong, tra np nhiing thang luong con thieu, cai thien dieu kien lam viec, khong dupe duoi viec vo CO,... huy dpng hang ngan nguoi tham gia. Su thanh cong va lan rpng cua cac hoat dpng bai cpng trong tinh la minh chimg dam net cho quan he doan ket, tuong tro, giiip do lan nhau cua anh em cong nhan noi rieng va d6ng bao cac dan toe noi chung chdng ap birc, boc lot ciia ke thii. Tiep den la Nhat dao chinh Phap, cupc dau tranh ciia d6ng bao cac dan tpc trong tinh lai cang phat tiiin. Dac biet, trong giai doan nay, dinh cao cua phong trao chong Nhat la ngay 22 thang 8 nam 1945 dSn ngay 28
lanh dao cua : dan tpc thang 8 nam 1945, dudi su
Mat tran Viet Minh, dong bao i . trong toan tinh da xuong dirong bieu ^ tham gia khoi nghia gianh lai chinh quyen va thanh lap chinh quyin moi. Tir nam 1954 tro vi sau, sau khi hit cjng Phap ra khoi Dong Duong. dJ qu6c My trang tron pha hoai Hiep dinh Gio-ne-vo nhay vao mi6n Nam Viet Nam lap nen chinh quyen tay sai Ngo Dinh Diem. D6ng bao cac dan tpc a Lam D6ng chung siic, chung long khang chiSn ch6ng My xam lupc. Nhiing chiSn thang diu tien nhu: La Oang, Bac Rupng, Da Xang, Di Linh, Bo Sar, Tan Rai,... lam dpng lire va nhiet tinh each mang quan va dan cac dan toe trong tinh ngay cang dang trao. Chinh quyen than My Ngo Dinh Diem ngay cang thay dupe su nguy hiem va Ion manh cua phpng trao each mang cua cac dan tpc trong tinh.
Chiing tiing cuong luc lupng de dan ap phong trao dau tranh nhung deu vap phii sir phan cong quyet liet cua quan va dan cac diin tpc. Dong bao cac dan tpc d6ng sire, dong long cimg nhau diim bpc, nuoi giau cac chien si va xay dung co so each mang tren khap dia biin. Nam 1975, quan va dan cac dan tpc 6 Lam D6ng da thJt chat tinh doan kSt lin lupt bao vay, tin cong tieu diet dich, giai phong Bao Loc (28-3- 1975), Di Linh (29-3-1975), Da Lat (3-4- 1975) va toan bp tinh nha gop phin giai phong mien Nam, thCng nhit dit nuoc Sau khi Liim Dong giai phong, bon tay sai phan dpngvabpnFulr6dodSqu6eMycaicim lai da ra sire hoat dpng, pha hoai chinh quyen mm. Cac dan toe 6 Lam l^^»
cao tinh than doan ket, tran »„ u
"•P Don phan
TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HOC VAN LANG Dinh Thi Hoang Phutrng dpng Fulrd, giii virng thanh qua each mang
va xdy d\mg eupe sdng mdi [8], [7].
Cung vdi nhiing thuan lgi ve dieu kien li; nhien, yeu td eon ngudi Id nhdn td khdng th^ thidu frong cdng lae gidm ngheo d Ldm Ddng ndi chung vd viing ddng bdo dan tdc thi^u sd ndi rieng. Ngay nay, cdc dan tdc d Lam Ddng liep tuc phat huy quan he dodn k^t, luong frg, giiip dd ldn nhau phdn ddu nang cao ddi sdng vat chat vd tinh than, dac bi?t frong viing ddng bao eac dan toe thieu s6. Ben canh nhung thudn lgi, linh Lam Dong ciing cd mpt sd khd khan co bdn trong edng tdc gidm ngheo viing ddng bdo dan tpc thieu sd:
Thien nhien da dgng nhimg co sir phdn hoa ddm net, dnh hu&ng den sdn xudt vd ddi sing cua dong bdo cdc ddn tpc thieu s6: Ldm Dong ed khi hdu nhiet ddi gid miia bien thien theo dp cao vdi dien tieh hau nhu ddi niii va cao nguyen. Dat dai ed the diing cho ndng nghipp chiem chua tdi 20%. Ddt cd dp doe dudi 25° chiem fren 50%, dat doc fren 25° chidm gdn 50%. Dia hinh tinh Lam Ddng la su phan bde kha rd rdng hi bac xudng nam. Phia bac tinh la viing niii cao, vung cao nguyen Lang Biang vdi nhimg dinh cao tir 1.300m den hon 2.000m nhu Bi Diip (2.287m), Lang Biang (2.167m). Phia ddng vd tay cd dang dia hinh niii thdp (dp cao 500 - 1.000m). Phia nam la vung chuyen tiep giiia cao nguyen Di Linh - Bao Loc va bdn binh nguyen [4].
Vdi dieu kien dia ly tu nhien (dia hinh, khi h§u...) cd su phdn hda ro ret dnh hudng den san xuat vd ddi sdng, dac biet la viing ddng bao cae dan tdc thieu so. Dia hinh ddi mii va cao nguyen xen ke, dia the hiem trd, gay khd khan eho viec hinh thdnh nhirng trung
tam dd thi. mang ludi san xuat, giao thuong, sinh hoat giiia cde vung cd su phdn hda va khdng ddng deu. Dal dai mau md nhung lai phan tan, khi hdu da dang nhimg cd su bien thien theo dp cao, lam dnh hudng den viec canh tac vdi quy md tdn, dp dung khoa hpc ky thuat, khoa hpe cdng nghe lap trung. Su da dang vd phiic tap ciia thien nhien Id mdt frong nhung khd khan dnh hudng den cdng tdc gidm ngheo viing ddng bdo cac dan tdc thieu sd.
Cde ddn toe & Ldm Dong eo trinh dp phdt trien khong deu nhau, dgc bi?t Id giua ddn toe da so vd thieu so: Su dp biic, bdc lot eiia chii nghTa thue ddn va chii nghta de qudc frong lich sii ddi vdi ddng bdo cae dan tdc thieu sd la nguyen nhdn co bdn va chii yeu dan den khoang each chenh lech giiia cac dan tdc d Lam Ddng. Thong qua ede ehinh sdch cai tri nhu kich ddng tu tudng dan tdc hep hdi, thuc hien chinh sdch dan toe ldn, phdn biet dan toe, lira mi, ru ngii ddng bdo thdng qua viec fruyen giao,...
Dudi su cai trj thdm ddc ciia chinh quyen phan ddng, viing ddng bao ddn tdc thieu sd CO su phdn hda sau sac [8].
Ldm Ddng ed 42 ddn tdc thieu sd nhung sd lugng ngudi it, sdng xen ke, trinh do phat trien thdp, moi mdt dan tdc lai cd net rieng ve ngdn ngir, Idi sdng, phong tuc, tap quan,... Cac ddn tdc thieu sd thudng cu tni d nhung vimg ddi niii cao, xa trung tdm, khdng thudn tien giao thdng nen hoat ddng san xudt cdn le thudc vao tu nhien, phan nhidu mang tinh tu phdt, ehua theo kip nhu cdu thi trudng, quy md sdn xudt eon nhd, Ie. Trinh dp san xudt, ky thuat canh tac ciia ddng bao cac dan tdc thieu sd phdn ldn cdn lac hau, kem phdt trien vi vdy nang sudt vd
T.\P CHi KHOA HOC DAI HOC VAN L.A.NG S6 iT.Thangfjl
chat lugng sdn phdm cdn thdp. Trong khi dd, dan tdc Kinh ed dan sd ddng dao (gan 80% dan sd loan tinh), lai cu tni lap frung tai nhimg dd thi ldn. boat dgng kinh te ngay cang mang tinh cdng nghiep, hien dai. cd hieu qua kinh te cao. Su chenh lech ve trinh dp phdt trien ddc biet la giiia dan toe Kinh vd ede dan tdc thieu sd khac d Lam Ddng ciing la mdt khd khan khdng nhd frong cdng lae giam ngheo.
2.2.2. Nhung ket qud da dgt dug^c vd nhung hgn che con ton tgi trong edng tdc giam ngheo vung dong bdo ddn tgc thieu so & tinh Ldm Dong hi^n nay
Chuang trinh giam ngheo dupe trien khai ddng bg, hieu qua vdi su vao cude ciia ea he thdng ehinh tri. Cac chinh sach hd frg giam ngheo nhu: y te, giao due, tin dung, nhd d,... dupe cae nganh, cac dia phucmg frong tinh thuc hien nghiem tiic. Trien khai ed hieu qud cac chuong trinh, du an ve xdy dirag ndng thdn mdi, giam ngheo ben viing, dinh canh dinh eu, xda nha tam, ehinh sdch chi frd dich vu mdi trudng ning vd cdc chu truong, chinh sach khdc; da uu lien tap trung dau tu hd trp ve phdt trien sdn xuat, ndng cdp ca sd ha tdng thiel yeu ve giao thdng, nude sinh hoat, dien thdp sang; phdt trien he thdng eae co sd y te, giao due, cac thidt chd van hda,... Thuc hien cdc Quyet dinh ciia Thii tudng Chinh phu:
sdl34/2004/QD-TTgngay 20-7-2004 vd mdt sd ehinh sach hd frp dat sdn xuat, ddt d, nhd d vd nude sinh hoat cho hd ddng bdo dan tdc thieu sd ngheo, ddi sdng khd khan;
sd33/2007/Qe-TTgngdy 05-3-2007 vd chinh sach hd frp di dan thuc hien dinh canh, dinh eu cho ddng bdo dan tgc thieu sd giai doan 2007 2010; sd 54/2012/QD-
TTgngdy 04-12-2012 ban hanh chinh sach cho vay vdn phdt fridn san xuat ddi vdi hg dan tpc thidu sd dac biet khd khdn giai doan 2012 - 2015; sd 755,QD-TTg ngay 20-05- 2013 phe duypt Chinh sdch ho frd dat d, dat san xudt. nude sinh boat cho hp ddng bao dan tpc thidu sd ngheo vd hd ngheo d xa, thdn, bdn dac bipt khd khan vd cdc quy djnh khac cd lien quan. tinh Ldm Ddng da Id ehiic tndn khai thyc hien va dat duge nhiing kdt qua nhdt dinh. gdp phdn giai quydl nhirng khd khan, timg budc dn djnh ddi sdng eho hp ddng bao ddn tdc thieu sd ngheo va hp ngheo tai cdc xa, thdn dac biet khd khan tren dia ban tinh.
Trong 5 nam qua (2010-2015), tdng vdn ddu tu true tiep cho cac chucmg trinh, du an tai viing ddng bdo dan toe thieu so la 693,488 ty dong. Tir dd, da tao sir chuyen bien rd net ve ddi sdng vat chat, tinh thdn ciia ddng bdo; thu nhdp binh quan dau ngudi tang (nam 2014 dat 28 trieu ddng/ngudi/nam), ty le hd ngheo vung ddng bao dan lpc thieu sd gidm nhanh (ddn nam 2015 cdn dudi 6%) [3, tr.7-8]. Chu frpng dao tao, bdi dudng uu lien bd fri su dung hgp ly dpi ngii can bd ngudi ddn tdc thidu sd. Cdc gia tri van hda truydn thdng dugc bao tdn, phdt huy. Dam bdo viing chac khdi dai doan ket dan tdc, gdp phdn dn dinh qudc phdng, an ninh.
Thuc hien Nghi quydl 30a/2008/NQ- CP eua Chinh phii ve gidm ngheo nhanh vd ben virng ddi vdi huyen Dam Rdng dat duge nhieu kdt qua ddng kd; tinh da van dung ede co chd, chinh sdch cua trung uang de ddu fri, ho frp cho 29 xa cd ty le hp ngheo tren 30% bang ngudn vdn ngan sdch dia phuang, cimg vdi viec van dpng cae
TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG Dinh Thi Hoang Phirong
nha dau tu, doanh nghi?p, ede td chirc vd cd nhan tham gia hd frg, giiip dd hp ngheo, c ^ ngheo. Chu truong yeu cau cdc hd ngheo dang ky thoat ngheo bdng nhirng each thiie eu the thi mdi dupe nhd nude ho frg va cpng ddng giiip do la cdch lam hay, sang tao dugc cdc hp ngheo ddng tinh hudng ling, khac phuc tdm ly trong chd, y 191 vdo nhd nude [3, fr.l3].
Tinh frang gidm ngheo eiia tinh frong 2 ndm 2016 va 2017, cd tinh giam dugc 7.926 hp ngheo, bdng 39,4% sd hp ngheo CO vao dau nam 2016 (gpi la mirc hay tdc dp giam ngheo 2 nam 2016-2017), trong dd, frong dd: Khu vyc thdnh thi gidm 1.004 hp (miic gidm 45,1%); Khu vye ndng thdn gidm 6.922 hp (muc giam 38,7%); Ngudi Kinh giam 3.470 hd (mirc giam 45,6%);
Dan lpc thieu sd giam 4.456 hp (mirc gidm 35,7%); Khu vye thanh thi, ngudi Kinh cd miic gidm ngheo eao hem khi vye ndng thon vd ddng bdo dan lpc thieu sd; Cde dia phuong cd miic gidm ngheo eao trong 2 nam qua Id Diie Trgng (miic gidm 65,7%), Cdl Tien (61,6%), Da Lat (60,6%), Da Huoai (59,8%). Nhin chung, ket qua giam ngheo frong nam 2017 ben viing hon nam trade. Nam 2017, cd tinh cd 4.891 hd thodt ngheo, ddng thdi cd 1.107 hd phat sinh ngheo va 113 hp tdi ngheo. NghTa Id cii 4 hp thoat ngheo thi I hd tdi ngheo, phdt sinh ngheo (4 ra - 1 vao). Nam 2016 ty le nay id 3 - 1 (3 ra - 01 vao). Cdc dia phuong giam ngheo ben vimg d muc cao frong nam 2017 IaDaL9t(tyIe 15-1), Lae Duong ( 9 - 1), Diic Trpng (9 - 1) [2]. Didu ndy cho thay tinh hieu qud, ben virng trong viee trien Idiai cac chuong trinh gidm ngheo d cdc dia phuong fren dia bdn tinh.
Tuy vdy, cdng tdc giam ngheo d Lam Ddng viing ddng bdo dan toe thieu sd vdn cdn nhirng ldn tai, han che. Trong dd, dang chu y Id tdc dp gidm ngheo giiia cac khu vuc frong tinh cdn chenh lech; ty Ip hp ngheo tai cde vung ddng bao dan tpc thieu sd, viing sdu, vimg xa eon cao; ddi sdng ciia nhieu hd ngheo cdn thieu thdn, khd khan, nhdt la ddng bao ddn tpc thieu sd. Hp ngheo, vung ngheo cd qud nhieu chinh sdch uu dai it gan vdi san xudt dan den mpt bp phdn ngudi ngheo, viing ngheo khdng mudn thodt ngheo de tiep tuc dugc hudng cac chinh sdch uu dai eiia Nhd nude, ddc biet la viec tdch hp nham dugc hd frp nha d, dat sdn xudt. Trong 5 nam qua, binh qudn mdi nam ngan sdch ddu tu eho chucmg frinh giam ngheo chung Id 404 ty ddng, frong khi dd phan ddi iing ciia ngudi thu hudng mdi chiem 6,7% (27 ty ddng/nam). Ty Ie lao dgng ehua qua dao tao cdn cao, hien ed khodng 65% lao dpng ndng thdn chua qua ddo tao. Tu dd, anh hudng den cdc chuong trinh phdt trien ndng nghipp ndng thdn, gidm ngheo; chdm chuyen djch co edu kinh te. Theo ket qud dieu tra ra soat hp ngheo va hp can ngheo theo chuan ngheo da chieu dp dung cho giai doan 2016 - 2020, dau nam 2016, Ldm Ddng cd hon 20 ngan hd ngheo (6,67%).
Dya fren chudn ngheo da chieu thi hp ngheo d Lam Ddng vdn cdn nhieu thieu hut frong viee tiep can dich vu xa hdi co bdn.
Hien cd gan 8 ngdn hd ed nhd d thieu kien cd (chiem 39,36% hd ngheo) vd hon 8 ngdn hd khdc nha cua chat hep (chiem 41,26%) cdn dugc lam mdi, sua chira, xdy dyng them. Nhd ve sinh it dugc hd ngheo quan tdm nhat khi cd den hon 10.292 hd (chiem
TAP CHI KHOA HOC DAI HOC VAN LANG s6r.run^lzl211 51,22% hd ngheo) chua cd hoae tam bg.
Tinh frang bd hpc va dm dau khdng di kham, chira benh cua fre em tuy chiem ty le thdp han nhung la bieu hien dang lo ngai ve tinh trang ngheo "lau dai" frong mdt bd phdn ddn cu ciia dia phuong dac biet la ddng bdo dan tdc thieu sd... [6].
2.3. Mgt so bdi hgc kinh nghiam ve cong tdc gidm ngheo & Ldm Dong hien nay
Mpt Id, trudc het la phdi cd su vao cude tieh cue cua cde cap iiy Dang, chinh quyen, doan the tir tinh den eo sd. Tu dd, bdn bac dua ra cae nhdm chinh sach ddng bd phii hgp vdi tinh hinh thyc le lai dia phuang de trien khai cd hieu qud edng tdc gidm ngheo, gdp phdn ndng eao ddi sdng eua cac dan tdc ndi chung vd vimg ddng bao dan tpc thieu sd d eac xa, thdn ngheo fren dia ban tinh.
Hai Id, cdc quy trinh trien khai hd frg ciing phdi dupe thuc hien diing ddi tuong, nhirng hd ddng bdo duge hudng thu phdi duge rd soat theo nhu eau dang ky, diing lieu chuan, quy dinh.
Ba la. viec thyc hien cdc chinh sdch hd frg cho hd ngheo can dugc edng khai minh bach, cd sy tham gia ciia cac ngdnh, doan the tai dia phuang de ddng bao ed niem tin tuyet ddi vdo nhirng chii trucmg, chinh sdch hd frp ciia Dang va Nhd nude ddi vdi cdng tdc giam ngheo tai dia phuong.
Bon Id, thdnh cdng ldm ciia cdng cudc gidm ngheo dac biet Id vung dan tdc thieu sd d Ldm Ddng la tap hgp dugc mpi tang Idp xa hdi, mpi ngudi tham gia. Khdng ehi la cde ban nganh dodn the tham gia gidm ngheo ma mdi ed nhdn cung da y thiic va cd hdnh dpng tich cyc vi su no am chung eiia cdng ddng. Vi vay, viec tao dugc su ddng
thuan xa hdi va phdt huy quan he doan ket, tuong frg, giiip dd nhau ciing chung sue, chung long ciia ed edng ddng cdc dan tpc frd thanh sire manh lo ldn hodn thdnh myc tieu gidm ngheo.
3. KET LUAN
Lam Ddng la noi cu ngu va sinh sdng eua hon 40 ddn toe. Ddi sdng kinh le - xd hdi cua phdn ldn cde dan tdc thieu sd fren dia bdn tinh van cdn rdt nhieu khd khdn, ed su chenh lech ldn vd mpi mat so vdi dan tpc Kinh. Vi vay, gidm ngheo viing dong bao ede dan tdc thidu sd Id vdn de mang tinh cdp thidt dat ra eho tinh Lam Ddng frong qua trinh phdt frien kinh te - xa hpi dia phuang. Su da dang vd phiic tap ciia thien nhien vira Id thudn lgi nhung ciing la mdt trong nhimg khd khan khdng nhd dnh hudng den cdng tdc gidm ngheo viing ddng bdo ede dan lpc thieu sd. Quan he doan ket, tuong frg, giup dd Idn nhau frong cgng ddng cdc dan lpc la the manh de giam ngheo nhung su chenh lech ve trinh dp phat frien dac biet la giira ddn tdc Kinh va eac dan tdc thieu sd khac d Ldm Ddng lai Id mdt khd khan khdng nhd frong cdng lae gidm ngheo. Trong nhimg nam qua, chuang trinh gidm ngheo dupe Iridn khai ddng bp, hieu qud da dat dugc nhirng ket qud kha quan trong cdng lac gidm ngheo dac biet la vung ddng bdo dan tpc thidu sd.
Ben canh dd, cdn mdt sd khd khan, thdch thiie nhu: tdc dp gidm ngheo giira cdc khu vyc frong tinh cdn chenh lech; ty le hp ngheo tai cdc viing ddng bdo dan tdc thidu sd, vimg sdu, vimg xa cdn cao; ddi song eiia nhieu hd ngheo cdn thidu thdn, khd khan, nhdt la ddng bao dan tdc thidu sd;...
Cdng tdc gidm ngheo d Lam Ddng qua thue
TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG Dinh Thj Hoang Phutmg
tien da cho nhieu bdi hpc kinh nghiem quy frgng gdp phdn vao sy nghiep phdt fridn bdu. Vdi nhirng ket qud da dat dugc vd mgt kinh te - xa hpi dia phuang, gdp phdn cimg s6 bai hpc kinh nghipm dugc rut ra, edng ede tinh, thdnh khdc fren khdp mpi midn ddt lac giam ngheo viing ddng bao cde ddn toe nude hodn thdnh muc tieu thien nien ky thieu sd ndi rieng vd gidm ngheo d tinh giam ngheo bdn virng d Viet Nam.
Lam Ddng da cd nhung budc tien quan TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Ddng Cpng san Viet Nam (2016), Vdn kien Dgi hpi dgi biiu todn quoc ldn thd XII, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia, Hd Ndi.
[2] Ngo Him Hay (2018), Cudi ndm 2017, ty l^ hp ngheo aia Ldm Ddng con 3.91%.
http://www.lamdong.gov.vn/viVN/a/soldtbxh/lintuc/giamngheo/Pages/tylengheo20!7.aspx.
[3]Tinhuy Lam Ddng (2015), Sao cao Tinh hinh thuc hi^n ki hogch kinh ti - xd hpi 5 ndm 2011-2015; phuang hu&ng, muc tieu, nhiem vw phdt trien kinh ti - xd hpi giai dogn 20/6-2020, http://www.mpi.gov.vn/Pages/tinbai.aspx?idTin=3i901&idcm=224.
[4] Thii tudng Chinh phii (2017), Phe duy?l danh sdch thon ddc biet kho khdn, xd khu vuc III, khu vire II, khu vire I thuoc viing ddn tpc thieu so vd mien nui giai dogn 2016-2020, hltp://vanban.chinhphu.vn/portal/page/portaI/chinhphu/hethongvanban?eIass__i=2&mode=d etail&documenl_id=l 89609.
[5] Trang dien tu Bdo Ddn tdc vd mien niii (Thdng tan xa Viet Nam), Ldm Dong vdi net tong quan, http://dantocmiennui.vn/xa-hoi/Iam-dong-vai-net-tong-quan/171309.hlm!.
[6] Trang tin dien tir linh Lam Ddng, No luc gidm ngheo ben virng, hllp://baolamdong.vn/kinhle/201703/no-Iue-giam-ngheo-ben-vung-2792709/.
[7] Trang tin dipn tii tinh Lam Ddng, Lich su Ddng bp tinh Ldm Dong (1975-2005), Chuong I, http ://www. lamdong.gov. vn/vi-VN/a/daihoi dan g/tdhd/l ich-su/P ages/Lsdang- iam-dong-75-2005-chuong-I.aspx
[8] Trang lin dien hi tinh Lam Ddng, Luac sir phong trdo ddu tranh chong de quae cua cdc ddn tgc it ngu&i & Ldm Dong,
http ://vAvw.lamdong. gov. vn/viVN/a/book/Pages/books/DTLD/Iuocsu. htm.
[9] Uy ban Nhdn dan tinh Lam Ddng (2017), Quyet dinh ve viec phe duyet de dn ho trp liing ddn tpc thiiu s6 vd miin ndi giai dogn 2017 - 2020 theo quyet dinh so 2085QDTTg ciia Thu tu&ng Chinh phu tren dja bdn tinh Ldm Dong.
Ngdy nhan bai: 18-9-2019. Ngay bien tap xong: 20-9-2019. Duyet dang: 25-9-2019