NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO DOI * NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO DOI
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am Dinh la mgt tinh thugc ddng bdng chau thi Song Hing dugc ngudi dan ed nude bilt den vdi khd nhieu cdc sdn phdm truyen thing nhu: Gao tdm xoan Hdi Hau, nude mam Sa Chau, rugu Yen Phii, diic dong Tong Xa, do go La Xuyen, son mai Cdt Ddng, may tre dan Yen Tiln, v. v,„Tuy nhien, khong phdi tdt cd sdn phdm cua cdc ldng nghi deu co thi phdt trien thanh hdng hoa vdi mgt si lugng dii ldn tao ra ddu an trong tieu dimg vd hgi dii dieu kien dde thii de xdy dung vd bdo hg dgc quyen ve chi ddn dia ly (CDDL).
Nam 2002-2003, dugc sir h6 trg tir Bg Nong nghiep va Phat trien nong thon vd UBND tinh Nam Djnh, Vien Chinh sach va
dia ban cd nude bdi ehdt lugng vd miii tham d^c trung, tuy nhien trdi qua mgt thdi gian khd ddi liia tdm khong dugc trIng pho biin ldm cho gilng liia tdm xoan glc da bj mai mgt, ky thuat tham canh bi pha trgn, ddt eanh tdc (thi
f t \ -7 t
nhudng) bi bien doi. Ve to chiic san xudt, chii ylu la mo hinh hg nong dan phdn tan nhd le, tu phdt; nhan thiie ciia t l chiic va ngudi lao dgng vl CDDL eon qua it; kinh phi kho khan, chii yeu dua vdo tdi trg han ehe cua Chinh phii Phap.
* Thuan lgi: Mae dii bi thodi hoa giong, nhung nhiing nam qua d Hdi Hau ngudi dan van trong liia tdm xoan d dien tich nho ciia gia dinh nen vdn eon luu giii dugc giong - dam bao cho qud trinh tuyen chgn, phue trdng
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Chiln luge phat trien nong thon da eii mgt nhom cdn bg khoa hgc thugc Trung tam phat triln nong thon vl huyen Hai Hau tien hanh viec nghien ciiu va xdy dung CDDL Hdi Hau cho san phdm gao tdm xoan. Den thdng 5 nam 2007, Cue SHTT da cap van bang dgc quyen CDDL Hdi Hdu cho sdn phdm gao tdm xoan - la sdn pham nong nghiep thii 11 ciia Viet Nam vd la sdn pham nong nghiep dau tien ciia tinh Nam Dinh duge dang ba. Co the ddnh gid mgt cdeh khdi qudt vl qud trinh xdy dimg, qudn ly CDDL Hai Hau cho sdn pham gao tdm xoan tai tinh Nam Dinh nhu sau:
I. Qua trinh xay dyng:
* Kho khan: Gao tdm xoan Hai Hau la sdn phdm nong nghiep truyin thing eo tiing tren
giong va hoan chinh quy trinh tham canh;
ve tho nhudng eo sir bien doi nhung khong nhieu, eac yeu to tdc dgng den tinh dac thu cua gao tdm van ddnh gia duge nen co the nghien eiiu quy hoach viing duge; dilu quan trgng Id CO sir quan tam chi dao ciia Bg Nong nghiep vd phdt trien nong thon ma true tiep la dgi ngii can bg ky thudt ciia Trung tam phdt trien nong thon, dong thdi vdi viee tao dieu kien thuan lgi ciia UBND tinh ma true tiep Id ciia UBND huyen Hdi Hau, Sd NN&PTNT, Sd KH&CN Nam Dinh.
* Ket luan ve viec xdy dung thanh cong CDDL Hai Hau cho sdn pham gao tdm xoan tai tinh Nam Dinh Id da tap trung vao ede yeu to sau:
Thdng tin Khoa hgc Cong nghe Nam Dinh
TS4/2011 9N G H I E N CLfU - T R A O DOI * N G H I E N CLfU - T R A O D O I Viee l\ra chgn doi tugng;
Lira chgn dan vi tu van;
Hinh thdnh td chirc sii d\ing CDDL;
Nhdn thiic ciia nhd sdn xudt;
Sy: ung hg vd quylt tam cua chinh quyln cac cdp;
B I tri nguon kinh phi phii hgp.
IL Qua trinh quan ly v^ phdt trien:
Sau khi dugc ddng ba, ciing nhu cdc dja phuang khae. Nam Dinh ciing gdp phdi khd nhilu kho khdn vl quy trinh, cdeh thiic to chirc he thong quan ly, sir dung vd phdt trien CDDL, dde bi?t la doi vdi sdn phdm ndng nghiep chdt lugng phu thugc khd nhilu vdo dieu kign tu nhien vd thoi quen ciia ngudi sdn xudt. Co the tom tdt qud trinh thuc hien vigc qudn ly vd phdt triln CDDL trong mdy ndm gdn ddy eua tinh Nam Dinh nhu sau:
* Kho khan:
Chat lugng gao tdm xoan thay doi theo chieu hudng tot len rat cham do phdi eo mgt thdi gian du ddi de cd thi chgn Igc va phuc trdng lai giong goc theo phuang phdp truyin thdng vd nhdn du lugng giong cung cdp eho cdc nha sdn xudt liia tdm tai vimg quy hoach;
- Hien co khd nhieu loai gao co chat lugng khd canh tranh vdi nhirng uu the rieng nhu:
gao bac tham;
- Kinh nghiem qudn ly eiia cdc ca quan chure nang eiia tinh, ngdnh, huyen dii vdi CDDL thieu; sir dau tu, h6 trg eiia nhd nude con han che.
* Thuan lgi:
Dugc sir quan tdm giiip dd eiia Bg Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe vd true tilp Id cua Cue Sd hiiu tri tug vd Vdn phdng chuang trinh Ndng thon mien nui thugc Bg KHCN hudng ddn nghiep vu vd phe duyet cdp kinh phi triln khai 02 du dn: "Xay dung mo hinh sdn xudt, ehl biin va thuang mai hoa gao tdm xoan Hdi Hdu" va du dn "Qudn ly vd phdt triln CDDL Hai Hau cho san pham gao tam xoan";
- Thdnh l§p dugc Higp hgi g^io tdm xoan Hdi Hdu dan vi to chirc ddu mdi sdn xudt - kinh doanh g^o tdm xoan song song cimg vdi vigc nghien ciiu xdy dymg CDDL, do vdy khi CDDL dugc ddng ba hoat dgng to chiic sdn xudt - kinh doanh dd khd on djnh - dieu ndy khdc hdn vdi cdc CDDL cho hang ndng sdn khdc cua Vigt Nam cimg thdi dilm xay dung, va ciing tao ra khd nhieu thudn lgi cho vigc nghien ciiu xay dimg, qudn ly vd phdt triln CDDL;
Trung tdm Phdt trien ndng thdn dugc chgn ldm dan vi tu van vd phdi hgp triln khai xuyen sudt cd 3 du dn - 3 qud trinh, mang tinh 1 ien tyc tir nghien ciiu xdy dymg din phyc trdng, hodn chinh ky thuat canh tdc, hinh thdnh hi?p hgi vd kenh tieu thy sdn phdm, vira tham gia nghien ciiru xdy dung vd van hanh thii nghiem cdc van bdn qudn ly ddi vdi CDDL;
* v l qud trinh thuc hien du an "Qudn ly vd Phdt triln CDDL Hdi Hau cho sdn phdm gao tdm xoan" va cdng tdc quan ly nhd nude vdi dii tugng CDDL tai tinh Nam Dinh:
De hinh thdnh he thdng cdc quy dinh qudn ly CDDL, sd KHCN da t l chirc nhilu ijudi hgp nhdm, hgi thdo vd trung cdu y kiln chuyen gia tu vdn va phdn bien nhdm xdc dinh md hinh quan ly ke ed viec phdn cdp qudn ly, tren ca sd do tien hdnh du thao cdc van bdn quan ly cho phii hgp vdi cdc quy dinh hien hdnh va thuc tien ciia tinh.
- Trinh UBND tinh ban hanh "Quy dinh vl qudn ly vd sii dung CDDL thugc tinh Nam Dinh", trong dd quy dinh cu till trdch nhiem ciia cdc ngdnh, cdc cdp trong tinh vdi viec Qudn ly vd sir dung CDDL. Cdng viec ndy gdp khd khan chu ylu la tim dugc sir thing nhdt cua cdc ngdnh, UBND huyen cd CDDL vd dac biet Id 2 ca quan: Sd Tu phdp vd bg phan tiiu ky vu ciia UBND tinh.
Trong sd cdc van bdn UBND tinh uy quyln dk Sd KH&CN ky ban hdnh thi van ban: "Quy ehl kiem sodt ben ngodi dii vdi sdn
10 TS4/2011 Thong tin Khoa hgc Cong nghe Nam Dinh
N G H I E N CLfU - TRAO DOI * N G H I E N CLfU - TRAO DOI
phdm gao tdm xoan mang CDDL Hdi Hau"
vdn con ton tai mgt s i ngi dung kho triln khai nhu: Co quan qudn ly ehdt lugng chung ciia tmh la Chi cue TC-DL-CL thugc sd KH&CN chu tri, nhumg timg viec cy thi lai do ede co quan chiic ndng khde qudn ly.
Kinh phi ddnh eho hoat dgng kilm sodt thudng xuyen ciia dodn kilm tra, ldy mdu, phan tich mau khi can thiet khong dugc bo tri hang nam, nen viec xdy dung van ban phdi hudng vdo viec sii dung kinh phi hoat dgng chung ciia timg nganh chiic nang trong tinh (viec nay ciing ndy sinh kho khan khac la vdn bdn do Sd KHCN ky, hieu lure den cdc nganh se han che),
- Viec Cling e l vd the che hoa he thing cdc phuang tien, cong cu qudn ly CDDL ciing gap kho khan ve kinh phi trien khai; nhu doi vdi cdc thiet bi kiem tra, thii nghiem phuc vu gidm sat kiem tra chat lugng, khong the trang bi duge do hdng hda it vd dac thii, thilt bi dat tien va hieu qud su dung thap,
Vdi viee xdy dung vd trien khai quy ehe qudn ly ngi bg ciing gap nhilu kho khan nhu:
Hiep hgi gao tdm xoan Hai Hau dan vi duge cap quyln su dung CDDL, duge thdnh lap tren ea sd mgt so hg kinh doanh vd sdn xuat gao tdm Hdi Hau, Hgi thuc chat la mgt to chiic kinh te khong phdi la to chiic nghe nghiep, kinh nghiem t l chiic quan ly sdn xuat ciing nhu kinh doanh yeu, cdn bd ky thuat, cdn bg qudn ly kinh te khong co, von dam bdo cho hoat dgng sdn xuat - kinh doanh thieu, it, co sd vat chat sa sdi, to chiic hoat dgng thieu tinh he thing, thilu tinh chuyen nghiep; mat khdc do dac diem gao tdm xoan ehi dugc san xuat - kinh doanh trong thdi gian khoang 6 thdng, nen viee van hanh bg may hoat dgng khong thudng xuyen, kho ne nep nhdt la cdc ban kiem sodt, to che bien, to tai ehinh, to ky thuat vd cdc ehi hgi trudng la ngudi hoat ddng kiem nhiem, thii lao thdp nen ciing tiiilu dgng luc ldm viec.
Ca sd vat chdt hit siic sa sdi - thilu - ylu lam gidm Slit chdt lugng trong qud trinh bdo qudn va ehl biin. Quy trinh ky thudt tham canh liia tdm xoan dugc cong bl nhung kh6 thuc hien do: liia tdm xoan la giong ddi ngay dugc trIng trong vung liia ngdn ngay nen khi vimg liia dai trd ngdn ngdy edn nit nude giai doan chin thi diing liie liia tdm cdn nhilu nude cho giai doan chudn bi tri bong, dilu nay ldm cho gao tdm xoan bi kho vd vi pham quy trinh qudn ly ngi bg. Trong qud trinh thuc hien chiing toi phoi hgp chdt che vdi cdc xa, UBND Huyen vd trung tdm phdt triln nong thon dl giiip dd hiep hgi timg budc thdo gd cdc kho khan nay.
Vdi viec cdp quyln sir dung CDDL chiing toi ciing gap mgt so kho khan nhu: Neu chi cap quyln cho dan vi duy nhat sir dung CDDL la Hiep hgi gao tdm xoan Hdi Hau, thi viec khai thdc CDDL se han chi, ding thdi chat lugng san phdm cham duge cdi thien do han che ciia ban than hiep hgi vd thieu tinh canh tranh; nhumg neu cap cho mgt to ehiie khdc thi gap kho khan trong hinh thanh t l chiic do mdc cdc quy dinh ciia phdp ludt, con neu cap cho mo hinh hg nong dan SX thi khong thi kilm sodt dugc cae tieu chi quy djnh tai ho so ky thuat dang ba CDDL; vd nlu mo hinh Id cdc hgp tae xa thi thuan lgi vl quan ly nhung lai kho khan ve vIn ddu tu cho SX va kinh doanh, hien nay chiing toi dang nghien ciiu mo hinh Doanh nghiep nhung chua thi ddnh gid dugc.
Den thdi diem hien nay, ve ca ban ede myc tieu vd ngi dung eua Du dn "Qudn ly va phdt triln CDDL Hai Hdu cho sdn phdm gao tdm xoan" da duge triln khai va budc ddu cho kit qud khd (bdi vi mdi triln khai qua 1 vy liia tdm); nhung eo till nit ra mgt si kinh nghiem nho tai Nam Dinh nhu:
cdn phdi ddu tu nhilu han va da dang hoa cong tdc tuyen truyen,
(Xem tiep trang 14)
Thdng tin Khoa hgc Cong nghe Nam Dinh TS4/2011 11
N G H I E N CLfU - TRAO DOI * N G H I E N CLfU - TRAO DOI
2011, Tinh dodn Nam Djnh phii hgp vdi Dodri
trudng D^i hgc dilu dudng, Dai hgc Kinh tl ky thudt, Cao ddng Vinatex, cdc Ddn Bien phong 88, 96, 100 thuc hign vigc trIng lOha rirng phi lao chdn song t^i 3 huyen ven bien Nam Djnh tir thdng 10 den 22/11..,
C6 thi noi, img ph6 vdi BDKH d tinh Nam Dinli Id mdt nhiem vu kien tri vd lau ddi.
Vi vdy, ngodi chiic ndng qudn li, dieu hdnh chung ciia nhd nude, nd ddi hdi phdi cd sir chung siic, ddng long ciia todn xa hdi, dde biet Id y thiic bdo ve mdi trudng ciia ngudi dan, Co nhu vdy, tinh Nam Dinh mdi c6 thi tin tai va phdt triln mgt cdeh bin vQmg trudc nhimg thdeh thiic cua thien nhien,/,
Thanh Loan
Thi Cdng ue mai, be tong mat de cua tuyen de bien Got Trang, thi tran Ttijnh Long (huyen tiai tiau, Nam Dinh)
Anh: Hoa HUng
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