TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HOl so 10+11 (242+243) 2018
NHU'NG V A N Bt OAT RA TRONG NGHIEN CU'U KICH BAN T U O N G NAM BO TRU'OC NAM 1945
NGUYfiN THj HUY^N TRANG'
Tuing li logi hinh nghe thuat duy nhat phat triin d Nam Bd vio thi ky XIX va diu thi ky XX, ddng gdp cho nin van hgc nwdc nha nhiiu kich ban hay vi dec die. Tuy nhien, hien nay cac nha nghien ciru dang ggp nhiiu khd khan khi tiip can nghien ciru vi kich ban tudng Nam Bd trwdc nam 1945; dd ii nhirng khd khin khi tim bleu vi ljch sir nghien ciru, vi nguin goc, tic gii vi phin loai kjch bin. Bleu niy da lim han chi viec phi biin tudng din cdng chung.
Tir khda: tuong, kich ban tuong Nam Bp, nghien ciru, trydc 1945
Nhan bai ngay: 10/10/2018; dwa vio biin tip: 12/10/2018; phan bign: 15/10/2018;
duyet dang: 25/10/2018
1. V! TRi CllA TU6NG TRONG UGH SCr NAM BO
Tuing hay cdn ggi la hdt bpi hcac hdt bp, x u i t hien tir rdt sdm nhyng bat d i u dypc phdt trien manh dypl thdi cdc chua Nguyen g m i i n Trung va miin Nam, tir khpang the ky XVI d i n t h i ky XVlll, dinh cap Id vac t h i ky XIX den d i u the ky XX. (y khu vyc Nam Bd dypl thdi Ta qudn Le Van Duyet lam Teng tran thi al al cung me hdt bpi, tir quan T i n g t r i n d i n cdc thupc ha d i u Ihlch vd cd cac ban hat rieng d i bleu d i i n che dan xem. Ben d i u t h i ky XX, "ttr thdnh thj den ncng thdn rap hdt mpc len nhy ndm, cd ngi xdy nhd hdt kien c i , cd sdn khdu, cd hau trygng, g h i dang dang hodng.
Trudng Bai hpc Khoa hpc Xa hoi vi Nhan vdn, Bai hoe Quic gia Thdnh pho Ho Chi Mmh.
npi dinh m i i u xay c i t vd ca, chg Idng chg dp, ban ngdy hpp chp, t i l trp thdnh diem d i l n van nghe che hat bpi"
(Binh Bang Phi, 2005: 67). Chi tinh rieng g ddt Gia Bjnh thdi l y da cd gan hai m y g i rap hat vdi nhilu ban hat, nhiiu nghe sT, va dac biet xuat hidn nhilu tac gia va hang loat kjch ban hay, ddp irng thj h i i u ctia khdn gia thdi bay gig. Ngay ttr nam 1885, men nghe thuat tuing truyin thing da den vdi khan gia q u i c t i tai mdt hdi chg P Paris (Hyu Ngpc & Lady Borten, 2006:
84).
Cung trcng nhirng nam ndy, hoat ddng sdng tac, in an, xuit ban vd phien dm cac ban tucng Hdn Ndm da dien ra khd sdi dgng d Sal Gdn. Md d i u bang viec nhd hdng Rey et Curcl chp ra mat ban dpc kjch ban tuing Joseph ciia Trygng Minh Ky, day Id ban t u i n g d y g c v i l t bdng chir Quic
NGUYEN THI HUYEN TRANG - N H U N G VAN B E BAT RA TRONG . ngtr d i u tien g Viet Nam dygc tim
thdy cho d i n hien nay. Sau dd nhiiu ban phien am l l n lygt d i n vdl cdng chiing nhy tudng Kim Thach kf duyen (1895), Kim Vin Kiiu (1896), Phong than Bi Ap Khao (1896), San Hiu (1901), Gia Trwdng (1906), Trin Bo (1907), Luc Vin Tien (1915), Phin trang liu (1915), Trwang Ngg (1918), Tudng dng Giacob va cic con (1927), Luc Vin Long (1928), Binh Lwu TO
• (1929). Mpt s i vg t u i n g d y g c phien am, x u i t ban nhiiu l l n nhy Kim Thach kf duyin (8 ban), San Hau (9 ban), Luc Van Long (2 ban)...
Tuy nhien tir sau nam 1945 cho d i n c u i i t h i ky XX cdng cudc khoi phuc, tim k i i m , phien dm, in I n va gipi thieu cdc ban tucng chtr Ndm sang chir Qudc ngtf l i n g xuing. Mpt trpng nhtrng ly do cua thyc trang nay la dieu kien ljch sir xa hpi.
B i n nhii'ng nam d i u t h i ky XXI nhiiu vp tu6ng typng chirng bj Idng quen da d y p c gldl thieu, phien dm trd lai, nhy: Nhac Hoa Linh (2000), Phung Kiiu Lf Bin (2000), Trwang Ngao (2006), Lam Sanh Xuan Nwang (2007), Tdng Tir Minh (2007), Nhac Phi diin bin (2008), Lf Thien Long (2012), Kim Thach ky duyen (2013), Tay du (2015), Trin Bd (2015), Kim Long Xich Phwang (2016) .. Bac biet, mdt s i tri thirc TPHCM hien nay dang quan tam d i n viec djch 46 vg tuong h i i m tai Viet Nam ra chtr Q u i c ngtr, ddy la nhtrng vp tuing dp Thy vien Hpang gia Anh tang Chinh q u y i n Sal Gdn cu vac nam 1971 cdn
lyu gly dygc. Nha nghien ciru Hdn Nem Nguyen Thj Thanh Xudn, ngygi da djch mdt s i vd tuing trpng bp t u i n g nay cho biet, net ddc ddp cua bp sdch la mang c i t truyen, am hypng cua viing Nam Bd, mdt d i l u h i l m t h i y trong cac tdc pham t u i n g . Chang han Le Nguy Khoi truyen ta thyc v i cupc dpi cua Le Van Khdi;
hay Tdng Tu' Minh truyen ndi v l mpt nhan vat hp T6 d viing Chg Ldn;
Trin Bi truyen la mpt tuing hdi the hien mdt vdi c i t cdch ciia ngydi Nam Bp. Cdn Nhac Hoa Linh truyen da the hien r i t rd vimg sdng nydc Nam Bg.
Nhtrng dja danh, nhy: Cdu Kinh, Thanh Ba, 18 Thon V y d n T r i u . . . cung d y g c nhdc d i n nhiiu trcng cdc VP t u i n g .
D i ddng t h i y tudng da tirng cd mpt vj tri rat ldn trpng ddl s i n g tinh t h i n ciia ngypi ddn Nam Bd, la s i mpt va duy n h i t trpng cac Icai hinh sdn khau b i l u d i l n tai day trong nhiiu t h i ky.
Bay id d i tdi van hpc d y p c quan tdm mdt thdi, "cac nha van nhpn mac khdch, tranh nhau dat t u i n g , ngdt cd tram phe" (Dam Phygng nir sir, 1923:
305). Tuy nhien cdng viec nghien ciru, tim h i i u t u i n g hien nay gap n h i i u khd khan, ngay ca viec phuc dyng lai cdc tdc pham t u i n g co cung khdng mdy d l ddng, vl se " v i p nhieu trg ngai trong viec hcdn thdnh tdc p h i m cua minh: can nguyen tai Ii6u qua map mp, nhtrng h i l u b i i t nhg t r u y i n k h i u lai khdng rd rang, t h i t thiet hay chu quan" (Dinh Bang Phi, 2005: 19).
TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HQI s6 10+11 (242+243) 2018
2. MOT S 6 KHO KHAN TRONG NGHIEN CIJ'U KjCH B A N T U 6 N G NAMBOTRU'aC1945
2.1. v i n d i nguin g i c , tac gia kjch ban
Trong thgl ky sg khai, cdc vg tuing dygc sdng tdc chu y i u dya vac cdc
"tich" d i d i i n "trd", cac dien vien t y truyen tai nhau cdc tich r i l al n i y t y dya vac dd ma sdng tdc ldi thpai cua minh sac chp phii hpp trcng luc b i l u dien. Theo thdi gian nh&ng kjch ban truyin mieng ndy trg nen hodn hao hgn v i npi dung, hpan chinh hpn ve mat k i t c i u , phii hpp hpn vdi san khiu tuing vd thj hiiu ciia cdng chiing thdi b i y gid. T h i ky XVII XVlll, vpi chinh sdch phdt trien van hda ciia chiia Nguyin d Dang Trong vd vai trd cua Ddc Duy Ttr (1572 1634), tuing b i t dau dygc djnh hinh va c i djnh thdnh van ban. Tuy nhien do qud trinh lyu truyin, b i i u d i i n vd do dnh hypng ciia quan niem "xypng ca v6 leal", ccl "ca hdt chi la tre giai tri sudng, khpng ddng quan tam, dygi chinh the qudn chu dpc tdi ngdy xya, h i hd mieng e mac quai, rut ddy sp dpng rirng, nen tdc pham ta thydng hay bi cdi nan 'khuyet danh'. Sy d i phdng dd trp thdnh thdi quen. den n i i cd nhtrng vg tuing vc thygng vp phat cung thdnh v6 danh. Tir dd viec truy nguyen cdc tdc gia tuing hat bdi trg thdnh chuyen khd nen tuong giai doan nay chii yeu v i n id tuing khuylt danh, t i n tai dydi nhiiu di ban khac nhau" (Binh Bang Phi, 2005:
34).
Tir ddu t h i ky XIX, cdc vua nha Nguyin, nhil'ng ngypi sanh spi va quan tam vgi san k h i u , cd y thirc giir gin vd lyu truyin cac gia tn van hod, thydng yeu c l u cac quan ghi chep lai cdc bp sach ce gid tri de tien che ddi sau hpc tap. Chinh y thirc dd nen cac kjch ban tuong giai doan nay da dypc ghi chep lai d y d i dang cdc ban viit tay.
C u i i the ky XIX d i u t h i ky XX, hoat dpng viit, in I n , xuat ban cdc kjch ban tuing d i l n ra sci n i i , nhiiu kjch ban d i n tay cdng chiing khong cdn vdi tu each id kjch ban t u i n g v i l t tay ma la cdc kjch ban van hoc, dygc nhiiu sy dl mp tir ban dpc. Kjch ban tuing thdi ky ndy cd nhiiu dj ban, nguyen nhan do mpt thpi ky ddi viec lyu truyin, in i n x u i t ban han c h i , chii yeu lyu truyen bang mieng, nghe sT tren san khiu t y them t h i t kjch ban, cdc tac gia v i i t kjch ban dya vao cdc tich nhyng m i l ngygl sdng tdc mot kieu khien che giira cac ban kh6ng chi p mpt vdl cdu, ddi ba chti', md a ca Idp, ca h i i , cd khi ca vp cd npi dung khdc nhau. VI vay, mac dii cd cting ten nhyng cd khi v g t u i n g dygc sdng tdc bdi nhiiu tdc gia. Theo cng Le Ngpc C l u cd nhtrng vg hoan tpan khdc han nhy Trwang Di Nhuc (vg syu t i m P H u i va VP cua Dcdn tuing Quan khu V), Lam Sanh Xuan Nwang (vd syu t i m g H u l vd vg syu t i m p Nam Bp);
San Hiu la tdc pham cua Bdo Duy Tif hay Le Van Khdi v i n cdn nhilu tranh cai; ddi vdi v g Nhac Hoa Linh. nha nghien ciru Nguyin Thj Thanh Xuan
NGUYEN THI HUYEN TRANG - NHCTNG VAN B E BAT RA TRONG . chp rang nd Id san pham cua viing
sdng n y g c Nam Bp, nhyng nhd nghien ciru Ten That Binh lai cho day la mgt tac p h i m ddn gian d Thira Thien Hue... Bung nhy Bam Phypng nir sir (1923: 305) da ndi: "... cdn nhiiu be nira thgi khdng t h i y danh - hieu lac khoan, cho nen nhiiu khi ngd nhan ngygi khdng scan tuing lai ddnh l l y danh hieu cd soan tuong, l y cung Id mpt viec kha tiic, dypng thpl vl khdng chu y d i sau thdnh mai mpt danh ty". V i n d i dat ra cho cdc nhd nghien eti'U djch thuat la cd nen phan djnh rach rdi, truy rd nguin goc cua cdc tdc pham khong; ma n i u cd thi lieu cd t h i truy d y g c hay khdng vd bang cdch ndo?
2.2. V i n d i phan loai kjch ban tudng Trcng ljch sir, tuing cd nhiiu ten goi khdc nhau: tudng pho, tuing cd, tudng cung dinh, tuing kinh, tuing thiy, tudng ngw, tudng truyin thing, tuing lien hoi, tudng van thin, tudng tiiu thuyit, tuing ljch sir, tuing oil lwang, tudng dan gian, tudng do, tudng hai, tuing can dai, tuong hien dai, tuing cai bien, tudng each mang, tuong cdng giao... Vdi nhiiu ten gpi nhy vay khiin che viec phan leal kjch ban tuing gap nhiiu khd khan cung nhy khiin ngypi dpc rpi vdp ma trdn khd hieu.
T r y g c nam 1975, viec phan leal tuing chya d y g c cac nhd nghien ciru quan tam. Ngygi ta truyen tai nhau nhilu ten goi khdc nhau thee nhiiu gde nhin, nhiiu quan diem. Gpi thep chirc ndng cua tuing cd tuing ngw hay tudng
cung dinh (tucng b i i u dien che vua xem); gpi thep dp dai ngan cd tuong lien hdi; cdn nhtrng vg tuong cd gid trj cao v l dao dire va gid tri van hpc dygc gpi Id tudng thiy, tudng ti, tuong kinh diin. Tuy nhien, dieu b i t cap p day Id mpt vp tuing n i u nhin tren cdc binh dien khdc nhau lai dygc gpi theo nhiiu ten khde nhau nhy San Hau cd the gpi la tudng ngw, tudng cung dinh (vl dypc b i i u diln cho vua xem), dong thdi cd the gpi la tudng lien hdi (vl cd 4 hoi), tudng thiy (vi vp tuing thypng d y p c dem day cho cdc d i i n vien mdi vdo nghi) vd tuing kinh diin (vi d y p c biiu d i l n nhiiu lin).
Sau ndm 1975, viec phan leal tudng v i n chya d y g c thing nhit. Mel hpc gia cd mpt cdch gpi rieng, nhy Hoang Chdu Ky dya vao thpl gian xuat hien, tdc gia sdng tdc vd npi dung phan dnh dng phdn cdc vd tuing thdnh: tudng CO, tudng cung dinh, tudng din gian, tudng dd, tuing vin than, tudng tan thdi, tudng can dai, tudng hien dai, tudng ljch si> (Hcang Chdu Ky 1978:
6-8). Trong khi dd, nam 1980, nhd nghien ciru Le Ngpc C l u trcng cuon Tuong hii, lai dya vdo thdi gian d l chia cac vp tuing trygc nam 1945 thdnh hai loai: tudng cd diin (tuing thdy) va tudng din gian. Ong cho ring, SP dT tuing cd ten gpi la tuing do Id vl cac tdc gia ngdy xya khong muon gap phiin phyc vdi tac p h i m cua minh nen khong ai ddm dirng ten, md cir cho dd Id "mpt thir d i ng6n d i thuyit ciia al ai" (Le Ngpc Cdu & Ho Lang, 1980: 8). Ong cting cho rdng each
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XAHOI so 10+11 (242+243)2018 phan loai ciia ngydi xya r i t tiiy tien
vd khdng dya tren mdt khdi niem rdnh mach v i tirng leal. Tuy nhien, mot s i VP tuing trypc nam 1945, khdng phai la tuing co diin cOng khcng phai la tuing thdy nhy Tuing Joseph cua Trygng Minh Ky, Kim Thach ky duyen ciia Bill Htru NghTa, Thanh Lg kf duyen (1921), Cdng chua ken chdng (1945) ciia H i Bleu Chdnh. Nhd nghien ciru Xudn Y i n (1994: 29-31), dya vdo tinh chit phan chia tuing thdnh hai loai: "Thy nhit la tudng bic hgc, tir bic hgc dwac dung theo nghTa phin biet vdl binh din. Tudng bac hgc cd thi dwac ggi la tudng thanh vin, dd li nhirng vd dwac cd djnh twang doi trong cac van ban vi tac gii cua Chung chic chan thudc ting idp tri thwc. Thir hai ii tudng dan gian gdm nhirng vd dwac sing tic tip thi, Iwu truyin mieng".
Quan diem cua tac gia Dd Van Rd trcng bdi v i i t Nghe thuat hat bdi d Thinh phi tir xwa din nay (1998) chia tuong Idm hai bp phan chinh la tuong di vd (uong pho. Va cting Id quan diem cua nhd nghien ciru Binh Bdng Phi treng cuin Nhin vi san khiu hit bdi Nam Bd (2005: 32), dng cho rang:
"Phin nhiiu tuing hat bpi ciia ta trich p cdc truyen xya Trung Quic, dygc gpi la tuing php hay tuing truyen, Mpt s i it tuing ngoai le dya theo hodn canh xa hpi xa xya, hpac ddt trcng mdt che dp phpng kiln nac dp, r i l lam thdnh cau chuyen". Theo dng, tuong p the ky XIX dypc phan thep cdc t h i loai: tudng truyen (tudng pho), tudng
do (tuong dan gian), tuing cung dinh (tuing ngw), tuong thiy (tudng to, tuong kinh dien), tuong cwang. Cdn v i sau tir giO'a the ky XX, tuing con cd mpt s i the leal nhy (udng tin thdi, tudng tiiu thuyit, tuong xa hgi, tuong van than, tudng lich sir, tudng mang ndi dung cich mang... Nam 2006, nha nghien ciru Tdn That Binh phan chia cdc Icai t u i n g theo tirng t h i ky. Theo dng, nhtrng vg tudng d y g c sdng tdc vao the ky XIX d y g c chia lam hai loai Id tudng do va tuong pho. Trong dd tuing di d y g c chia Idm hai loai nhd la tuong di bl hung (nhy tuing San Hau, Tam nu' di vwang, Giang Chan Tir, Trin tri hdn) vd tudng do logi giiu (nhy tuing Ngheu - Sd - Oc - Hin, Trin Bd, Trwang Bd Nhuc, Trwang Ngio). T u i n g php g i m cdc vp tuing Phung Nghi Binh, Tiit Nhan Quf chinh ddng, Tam Qudc, Tiy du kf Tong Bjch Thanh... Ben canh dd, dng cung cho ring t u i n g t h i ky XIX cung cd mpt s i biet Ipal nhy tuing ngwa, tudng thay, tudng trwdng thien. T h i ky XX, cdn cd tuing phdng tic, tudng lich sir, tuing tieu thuyit, tuing hign dai, tudng tich dan gian. Ngoai cdc tdc gia tren, trong nhilu c u i n tir diin nhy Tir diin thuat ngtr van hgc (Le Bd Hdn, T r i n Binh Sif, Nguyin Khac Phi, 2009); Tu- diin Van hgc Viet Nam (tU' ngudn gic din hit thi ky XIX) {lai Nguyen An, 2001) d i u chia tuing thanh hai bp phan Id tuing do va tudng pho.
Qua dd chung ta cc t h i t h i y vi?c phan loai tuing v i n cdn Id van d i tranh cai chya cc s y t h i n g nhdt, tuy nhien da
NGUYEN THI HUYEN TRANG - NHljNG VAN BE BAT RA TRQNG.
SO cdc nha nghien eti'U cho rang tuing cd hai log! la tudng dd va tuing pho.
Rieng v l kjch ban tucng Nam Bd, h i u nhy chya cd cdng trinh nao gldl thieu cung nhy phan Icai, vl nghien cu'u d i tdi nay khdng phai la cdng viec de ddng. VI d i vide phdn leal tuing Nam Bd thanh cdng, ngygi nghien ciru phai dya ra cdc tieu chi phan leal, dpc van ban kjch ban, tcng hgp vd phdn chia thdnh cac the leal. Tuy nhien, trydc dd c i n phai cd cdc van ban kich ban, ma hien nay vlpc tim k i l m cdc kjch ban tucng p Nam Bd khdng phai viec deddng.
2.3. V i n d i v l t y lieu kjch ban tudng Mpt trpng nhu'ng vdn de khiin ngygi nghien ciru t u i n g ttr xya d i n nay phai e de, mdt khd nhiiu cdng strc, dd chinh la tim k i i m cdc van ban kjch ban tuong. Chiing hien cdn hay m i t , va neu cdn thi cd the tim chiing d ddu?
Ttr nam 1923, Bam Phygng nir sii' (1923: 307) da d l cap den khd khdn nay trong bdi viet Lwoc khao vi tudng hat An Nam tren Tap chi Nam Phong;
"... Khdng nhu'ng da it ngygi biit xem tuing, md tuing cung hao mdn khdng thdnh thien tap cho ngydi ta xem. Cei nhy bp t u i n g Van biru trinh twdng la mpt bd t u i n g cd gia tri dac s i c hpn h i t trcng cdc thir t u i n g , hdi d i n lang van thg Ndm kh6ng ngypi nap id khpng b i i t cdi ten ve vang l y , nha nao tan than sang trpng lai khpng tran tang mgt vai chgc q u y i n , d i n bdy gid khd Idng ma k i i m d y g c chp ra nam ba quyen, h u i n g h i tpan bich, dy t h i mgi nen tiec cho chya!". Khi tim hilu v i
tudng g Nam Bd chiing tci da thay nhiiu tai lieu che r i n g tucng g day phdt triln khd manh vdi nhiiu tdc p h i m hay, hap d i n , gay dygc s y chil y thdi b i y gig. Trcng c u i n Van hgc Nam Bd tir dau din thi kfXX (1900 - 1945) (Heal Anh, Thdnh Nguyin, H6 ST Hiep, 1988), tac gia n h i n manh:
"trygc nam 1917 p Nam B6 chi cd mdt hinh thirc sdn khdu Id hdt bpi" (tr.
169); trpng chygng IV "Van hgc sin khiu d Nam Bd tu' 1900 -1950' da Het ke d i n 31 kjch ban cua Nam Bd. Cuin Nbln vi sin khiu hit bdi (2005) ciia nha nghien ciru tuing Binh Bing Phi cung chp rang a Nam Bp cd nhiiu kjch ban tuing hay, tac gia trich d i n thep Trygng VTnh Ky p miin Nam cd 84 tya tuing do vd g i n 40 tya tuing truyen. Trong bai Nghe thuat hat bdi d thanh phi tir xwa din nay ciia B6 Van Rd (1998) cung liet ke mpt s i vp tuing d y p c chp Id ciia Nam Bd.
Mac du ccn s i thing ke nhiiu, nhyng qua trinh tim kiem van ban ccn lai cua cdc VP tuing gap khdng it khd khan.
Da p h l n cdc v g tuing d i u dygc v i i t bang chy Ndm, cd it ban phien am, md ngay ban phien dm cung khd cd the tim t h i y a cdc thy vien trong nydc.
Hien nay so ban tuing da dygc tim t h i y trong thy vien Id: Tudng Gia Trwdng, Tuing Joseph d Thy vien Thdng tin Khoa hpc Xd hpi Hd Npi vd Tuing Le Nguy Khdi truyen, Tudng Lf Thien Long, Tuing Tdng Tir Minh, Tudng Vo Thanh Lin a Thy vien Khoa hpc Tcng hpp TPHCM; tuing Sgn Hiu va Kim Thach ky duyen thi
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQI s6 10+11 (242+243)2018 cd t h i tim thay d nhiiu thy vien. Cac
kjch ban tuing khdc nhy: Tuing Binh Lwu TO, Tudng Kim Long Xich Phung, Tudng Lam Sanh Xuan Nwang, Tuong Luc Vin Long, Tudng Luc Van Tien, Tudng Nhac Phi dien bdn, Tudng Phong thin Ba Ap Khao, Tudng Phung Kiiu - Lf Bin, Tuing Tiy du ky, Tudng Trwang Ngio, Tuing Trin Bo, Tudng Trin tra hdn thi da tim dygc g thy vien gia dinh ciia mpt hPC gid hien dang s i n g d nydc ngoai dam me tuing va thich syu tap cdc t y lieu quy h i l m .
Nhy vdy, t y lieu kich ban tuing r i t kho tim k i i m , chi cd mot s i van ban dygc lyu trtr p cdc phdng ty lieu ciia thy vien nhd nydc, mpt s i khac dypc lyu p thy vien gia dinh nen viec t i i p can gap khong it khd khdn. N i u theo cac con s i thing k§ p tren thi phin ldn cdc kjch ban tucng v i n chya dypc tim thiy. Ddy chinh Id mpt khd khdn trpng nghien ciru va p h i biin kjch ban tuing tdi ccng chimg.
2.4. Ljch sir nghien ciru cdn n h i i u khoang trdng
Ngcai nhtrng nghien cifu v i khdi niem, nguin g i c , thpi gian xuit hien tuing p Nam Bp, nhii'ng bdi nghien ciru v i cdc v i n d i trong kjch ban Kim Thach kf duyen hay San Hau thi p Nam Bd chya cd b i t ky cdng trinh nao tong hgp cdc kjch ban cd nguin g i c p Nam Bp, hay nghien ciru, gidi thieu ve kjch ban tuing mpt cdch eg the va cd he thing. Trong cong trinh Nhin vi sin khiu hat bdi Nam Bd ciia Dinh Bang Phi, tdc gia ddnh gid cao tuong
Nam B§, glgi thl?u mdt s i tac gia kich ban tuong n i l t i i n g ciia Nam Bp nhy Bui HO'U NghTa, Cao HO'U Due, Nguyin Binh Chiem, Hi Biiu Chanh... vd cdc kich ban tuong hay nhy San Hiu, Tran tri hdn va mpt s6 kich ban b i l t d y p c ten tdc gia nhu Kim Thach kf duyen ciia Bill Hiru NghTa; "Lf Thien Ludng ciia Le Quang Chilu, Luc Van Tien, Kim Long Xich Phung ciia Bang L l Nghi, Nguyen Trung True quy than cua Le Dy Heal, Phong ba dinh ciia Nguyin Binh Chiem". Tuy nhien, dng chi dirng lai d viec gidi thieu "|ydt qua" (chy diing cua chinh tdc gia), chir chya dl sau vap cdc tac gia va tac p h i m . Song dil sao day cung Id mpt tai lieu cung cap nhiiu thdng tin dang chii y v l tdc gia, tdc pham, cdch phdn chia t h i loai, gpi mg nhiiu hydng di khi nghien ciru v l kjch ban t u i n g .
Ben canh nghien ciru cua Binh Bang Phi, cdn cd cdng trinh Nghe thuat hat bdi d thanh phd tir xwa din nay ciia tdc gia B6 Van Rp cung gidi thieu mot s i the leal tuing p Nam Bp nhy tuong thiy, tuong do. d i n g thgl gidi thieu mpt s i dac diem, gid tri v i npi dung va nghe thuat ciia kjch ban tuing Nam Bd. Tuy nhien, cdng trinh chii yiu ddnh thgi gian vd cdng sire de gidi thieu tuing vgi t y each id mpt loai hinh bleu dien chy chya phai vdi tu each Id nhtrng tdc pham van hpc.
3. K S T LUAN
Cac vg tuong Nam Bp da phln dypc v i i t bdng chtr Ndm, mgt leal chii' kho va khdng cdn pho biin; nhiiu tac
NGUYEN THI HUYEN TRANG - N H O N G VAN B E BAT RA TRQNG...
pham mac dti da d y p c phien am ra chif Q u i c ngtf nhyng lai diing nhiiu tir ngu', thanh ngir cc, sir dgng tiing dja phygng hay su" dgng cdc tich xya nSn kha xa la vdl ngypi dygng thdi chya k l khi ghi chep chy bj m g hoac bj m i t chu', ngydi chep d l bj sai l l m d i n d i n tinh trang hieu sai, hieu n h i m . Ben canh dd viec tim hieu v l nguin g i c , t y lieu, phan loai cung Id nhirng thach thirc cho nhii'ng al m u i n dl sdu vao nghien ciru kjch ban tuong Nam Bo.
Cd t h i ndi, nghien ciru v l kjch ban tuing g Nam Bd gling nhy mpt cdng cugc "khai hoang, mg coi", cd nhilu khd khan trd ngai, del hdi sy tham gia cua cdc chuyen gia, cdc nhd nghien ciru cd kinh nghiem, cd phypng phap khpa hgc vd dac biet Id s y dam me d i i vgi Icai hinh nghe thudt dac s i c ndy. "Bg cdi" ciia sy hieu biit van hda dan tdc cdng d y p c m g mang thi t i n g ldp hdu sinh se cd d y p c "manh d i t mau md" de md t y hdo, gin giir vd lyu truyin. •
TAI LIEU TRICH D A N
1. Bam Phu'o'ng ny sir. 1923. "Luge khao v i tuing hat An Nam". Tap chi Nam Phong.
2. Binh Bdng Phi. 2005. Nhin vi sin khau hit bgi Nam Bg. TPHCM, Nxb. Van Nghe.
3. D§ Van Rd. 1998. "Nghe thuat hat bgi d thdnh phi ty xua din nay", trong Trin Van Gidu - Tran Bach Bang (ehu bien). 1998, Dia chi van hda Thinh pho Hi Chi Minh, tdp 3 - Nghe thuat. TPHCM: Nxb. TPHCM.
4. Hodi Anh, Thdnh Nguyen, H6 ST Hiep, 1988. Van hoc Nam Bg tir diu din the ky XX (1900-1945) (sp thao). TPHCM: Nxb. TPHCM.
5. Hodng Chau Ky. 1978. Tuing co, tap 1. Hd N6i: Nxb. Vdn hda.
6. Hyu Ngpc & Lady Borton. 2006. Tham khao bien dich van hoa Viet Nam - Nghe thuat tudng Vigt Nam. Hd Npi: Nxb. Thi gidi.
7. Lai Nguyen An (chii bien). 2001. Van hgc Viet Nam (tir ngudn gic din hit thi ky XIX). Hd Nor Nxb. Bai hpc Quic gia Hd Noi.
8. Le Ba Hdn, Trdn Binh Sir, Nguyin Khde Phi (chii bien). 2009. Tir diin thuat ngw van hgc. Hd Npi: Nxb. Giao due.
9. Le Ngpc Cdu, H i Lang. 1980. Tuing hii. Ha Noi' Nxb. Van hda.
10. Xudn Y i n . 1994. NhCrng van di tham mf, dao ly, xa hdi tmng tudng co Hd Noi:
Nxb. San Khdu.