THgC HBMH amtV C6«a TO. KIEM S«T HO«T D0HG Tg PHflP 7* XAY DgMG NGAMH USB)
N A N G CAO HIEU QUA CONG TAC PHAT HIEN, DIEU TRA CAC TOI X A M PHAM HOAT DONG TU P H A P CUA CO QUAN DIEU TRA VIEN KIEM SAT N H A N DAN TOI CAO
BAU QUANG DUNG*
Trong thM gian qua, Cff quan diiu tra Viin kiim sdt nhan ddn toi cao dd xdy dung vd ddi m&i thyc hiin nhiiu khau dot phd chiin licffc trong hogt dpng nghiep vu nin kit qud phdt hiin, diiu tra cdc tpi xdm phgm hogt dpng tuphdp ngdy cdng duffc ndng lin; cong tdc tiip nhdn vd gidi quyit to gidc, tin bdo vi tpi phgm dupc tiin hdnh nhanh chdng theo dung quy dinh; cdc vu dn khoi to, diiu tra gidi quyit dung nguoi, dung tpi, dung phdp lugt, khong bo Ipt tpi phgm, khong ldm oan nguM vo tpi; khong co vu dn ndo phdi dinh chi dieu tra VI khong phgm tpi hodc di nghi truy to md Toa dn tuyen Id khong phgm tpi Ydu cdu xdy dung Nha nudc phap quydn
xa hgi chu nghia, tang cudng ky cuong phep nudc da va dang la mue tidu phan ddu cua Ddng vd Nhd nudc ta. Tham gia vao qua trinh dd cd vai trd dac biet quan trgng ciia cde CO quan tu phap gdm Co quan dieu tra, Vidn kidm sat, Tda an va eo quan Thi hdnh dn. Tuy nhien, do nhidu nguyen nhdn khac nhau, thdi gian gdn day ed sy gia tang dang kd cae tgi pham xdm pham boat dgng tu phdp. Cd thd lay dan chiing mgt sd vu an dien hinh nhu:
Vu dn gidt bd Duong Thi My ("vu dn vuan dieu"), a huyen Hdm Tdn, Binh Thudn xdy ra nam 1993; vu an gidt ngudi, hiep dam trd em lidn quan den Le Ba Mai {"vu dn vuan mit") xay ra tai Binh Phudc nam 2004 hay gan day nhdt la vu an Nguydn Thanh Chan tai Bac Giang gay chdn ddng du ludn... Cac hdnh vi xam pham boat dgng tu phdp noi chung khdng chi xam pham ddn hoat dpng diing ddn eua eac co quan tu phdp, ldm eho trat tu tu phap bi dao Ion, mdt di tinh tdi thugng ciia phap ludt md eon xam pham ddn
cac quydn vd lgi ich bgp phap cua cong ddn, lam gidm sut long tin cua nhdn dan doi vdi eac eo quan thi banh phdp luat.
Trudc dien bidn phirc tap cua cdc tdi xdm pham boat dpng tu phdp, nhiing nam qua, Co quan dieu tra Vien kidm sdt nhdn dan (VKSND) tdi cao da tich cue hidn khai thuc bidn nhieu chuang trinh, kd hoach, bien phap nham ddu tranh cd hieu qua vdi loai tpi pham nay. Vdi chire nang, nhiem vu, quyen ban cii thd la nam tinh hinh tgi pham xam pham ho^t dgng tu phap ma ngudi pham tgi Id can bp thugc cac Co quan tu phap; dy bao vd hoach dinh eac chuong trinh, kd hoach cdng tac phdng, chdng tgi pham xam pham boat ddng tu phap, dong thdi tryc tidp tidn hanh cong tac phat hidn, didu tra kham pha loai tgi pham nay.
Tir nam 2008 ddn nam 2013, Co quan didu tra VKSND toi cao da tidp nhdn t6ng
Cue diiu tra, Vien kiem sat nhSn din toi cao.
I Tap chi
1 6 I KIEM SAT_^ /So 20 (thang 10/2014)
THirC HANH QUY^N CdHG TO, KIEH SAT HOAT D0HG TIT PHAP VA XAY DUNG NGANH KSHD
cdng 772 td giac, tin bao vd tdi pham xdm pham boat ddng tu phdp vd kidn nghi khdi td thugc tham quyen gidi quydt; khdi to didu tra 150 vu/175 ddi tugng cd hdnh vi xdm pham boat dgng tu phdp; kdt thiic dieu tra chuydn Vu thye hanh quyen cdng td va kidm sdt didu tra dn binh sy vd trat tu xa bdi (Vu I A) VKSND tdi cao truy td 106 vu/157 bi can trudc phdp luat; trong do, da tap trung giai quyet dugc nhidu vu an xdm pham boat ddng tu phap nghidm trgng, phiic tap dugc du ludn quan tdm nhu: Vu Ngd Thanh Phong cimg dong pham lay tidn tang vdt trong vu dn hinh su dd gui ngdn hdng thu lgi bat chinh 1,3 ty ddng xay ra tai Cdng an tinh Tidn Giang; vy Trinh Nggc Tnmg, Chdp hanh vien Chi cue Thi banh an dan sy qudn Hai Bd Trung, Ha Ndi, m^c du da cd khang nghi cua VKSND tdi cao ddi vdi bdn dn ddn su phiic tham nhung vdn kd bidn, ban ddu gia khdi tdi sdn tri gid tren 32 ty dong; vu an Ld Tudn Kiet, nguyen Chi Cue trudng va Dinh Hodng Minh, nguyen Pho Chi Cue trudng Chi eye tbi hanh an ddn sy quan Bmh Thiiy, Thdnh phd Cdn Tho tbidu trdch nhiem trong qua trinh thi hdnh an gdy thidt bai nghidm trpng ddn tai sdn (2,1 ty ddng) ciia ngucri phdi thi hdnh an; vu Truong Thi Tuyet Nga, tni tai qudn 2, thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh; vu Ly Nguydn Chung d Bdc Giang...
Cac loai tdi pham do Co quan didu tra VKSND tdi eao thu ly didu ha, chidm ti le cao la cac tdi nhu: Tpi lam sai lech bd so vu dn (Dieu 300); tgi khdng chap hanh an (Didu 304); tdi trdn khdi noi giam, giii hoae trdn khi dang bi dan giai, dang bi xet xii (Dieu 311); tgi ehe giau tdi pham (Didu 313); tgi khdng td gidc tdi pham (Didu 314)...
Trong qua trinh thyc bidn nhiem vu phat bien, dieu tra cac tpi xdm pham boat dgng tu phap, Co quan dieu tra VKSND tdi cao cd quan b? phdi hgp thudng xuydn va chat che
vdi cdc don vi true thude VKSND tdi cao, VKSND cdc dia phuang, Co quan dieu tra khdc... trong vide kidm tra xac minh td giac, tin bao vd tdi pham ciing nhu dua ra ydu cdu bd trg thuc hidn iiy thac dieu tra vdi cae ndi dung cu the; phdi hgp tot vdi lye lugng Cdnh sat bdo vd va ho trg tu phdp, Bp Cdng an de thyc bien cae lenh vd quydt dinh to tung binh sy ddi vdi cdc bi can trong cac vu an thy ly nhu: Bat, kham xet...; phdi hgp vdi cde trai tam giam cua Bd Cdng an va Bg Qudc phdng trong bd tri giam giii eae bi can pham tdi xdm pham boat dpng tu phdp an toan, chdng thong cung, trdn, nham tao dieu kidn thuan lgi eho vide tidn banh cac bidn phap didu tra ddi vdi cac bi can. Dae biet, trong qua trinh didu tra cdc vu an xdm pham hoat ddng tu phdp, Co quan didu tra VKSND tdi cao ndi chung vd cdc Dieu tra vien ndi rieng ludn phdi hgp chat che vdi Vu IA VKSND tdi cao trong vide ddnh gid chiing cii vd hanh vi pham tpi cua cac bi can nham dam bdo qua trinh dieu tra dugc khach quan, toan didn va diing phdp ludt.
Ben canh nhiing ket qud da dat dugc thi trong qud trinh phdt hidn, didu tra cac tgi xam pham boat dgng tu phap ciia Co quan dieu tra VKSND tdi cao vdn edn mdt sd tdn tai, ban chd do Id: Cdng tac kidm tra, xdc minh mdt so td giac, tin bdo vd tdi pham cdn dd keo dai so vdi thdi gian ludt dinh; so lugng td gidc, tin bdo vd tpi pham cd xu hudng tang ldn nhung sd vu vide de xuat khdi td vu dn hinh sy cdn thap; van con ed vu dn phdi didu tra bd simg, phdi gia ban didu tra, gia ban tam giam eac hi can; cde phucmg phdp vd chien thuat dieu tra md cdc Didu tra vidn vd cdn bg didu tra cua Ca quan didu tra VKSND tdi cao su dung ddi khi edn mang tinh hanh chmh don thuan, chua thd hidn tinh dac thu hong phuong phdp dieu tra cac vy an hinh sy ndi chung; cdng tac to chiic tdng kdt didu tra cac
Tap chi S620(thang10/2014)'> KIEM SAT I 1 7
THUC HANH QUY^N C 6 N G TO, KIEM SAT HOAT D 6 N G Tir PHAP vA XAY PyHG NGAHH KSND
VU an xdm pham boat dgng tu phap chua dugc Co quan didu tra VKSND tdi cao tien hdnh thudng xuyen... Ngoai ra, khi ket thiic didu tra eac vu an xdm pham boat dpng tu phap, Co quan didu tra vd Didu tra vidn ehua thuc su chii trgng dung miic hoac mdi chi dimg lai d eac kidn nghi, de xuat cdc gidi phap phdng ngiia loai tdi pham nay trong timg vu viec cu thd md chua chu trpng tdng bgp, bdo cdo, tham muu cho lanh dao eae cap tidn hdnh eae bidn phap nham bit kin so hd, thieu sdt, khdng dd ddi tugng lgi dung pham tgi xdm pham boat dpng tu phdp.
Co nhidu nguydn nhdn dan ddn tinh trang trdn nhung mpt phan ciing xuat phat tii dac trung rieng eiia cdng tac phat hidn, dieu tra cac vu an xam pham boat dgng tu phap. Thuc tidn tidn hdnh cdng tac nay cho thay, Co quan dieu ha gap rat nhieu khd khan nhat la edng tdc thu th|.p tdi lieu, chimg eii Hen quan ddn vu an, ehirng minh hanh vi pham tdi cua cdc bi can. Bdi vi, mgt sd trucmg bgp, ddi tugng pham tgi da timg la can bd trong eac eo quan thyc tbi phdp ludt, co quan tu phap nen co hidu biet ve phap ludt, cd nhidu thu doan doi phd va che gidu hdnh vi pham tpi. Ngudi bi bai, ngudi ed lidn quan trong cdc vu dn xam pham boat dgng tu phdp thucmg cd vi the thdp bon ndn cd tam ly lo sg bi tra thu, lo sg bi bat lgi trong qua trinh gidi quydt vu vide cua minh tai Co quan tu phap nen nhieu khi khdng dam td cao. Ngudi lam chung (ndu co) trong edc vii an xdm pham boat ddng tu phap cung rat ngai di to cao hoae diing ra lam chiing tai cdc eo quan co tham quydn vi lo sg bi tra thii bdi nhiing ngudi ed chirc quydn dang tidn hanh hoat dgng nhdn danh quydn lye nhd nudc, quyen lye tu phap. Cac ca quan, td chiic qudn ly doi tugng ed hanh vi xdm pham cac boat dgng tu phap cho du bidt eae dau hidu vi pham cung thudng khdng kidn quydt xu ly vi theo Luat Phdng, chdng
tham nhiing, Luat thi dua khen thudng, neu tap thd ndo cd ea nhan bi xir ly hinh sy tiii co quan, td chiic, thu hudng don vi dd hi mdt thdnh tieh tiii dua, tiiu hudng don vi se bi xem xet hdcb nhiem eua ngudi diing ddu. Viec theo doi, lap hd so, thu thap chiing cii, bdt giii cac ddi tugng pham tgi xdm pham boat dgng tu phap thudng mdt nhidu cdng siic trong khi loai tgi pham nay trong quan niem cua eac co quan chiic nang Id tgi pham xay ra trong cac CO quan ciing cd chiic nang bao vd phap ludt, la ddng chi, ddng ddi ndn Co quan didu tra chua thue sy quydt tam phat bidn, xu ly.
Trong thai gian tdi, do tinh hinh tgi pham hinh su ndi chung d nude ta dang dien bidn hdt siic phiic tap vd co xu budng gia tang ea vd s6 vu, s6 doi tugng pham tgi eung nhu tinh chat, miie dp cho ndn se tdc ddng anh hudng true tiep va lam cho boat dgng ciia cac tgi pham xdm pham boat ddng tu phap se tidp tue didn bidn phiic tap; sd lugng cac loai to giac, tin bao vd kidn nghi khdi td ve eae tpi xam pham boiit ddng tu phap ma cdc co quan chiic nang ndi chung, Co quan didu tra VKSND tdi cao ndi rieng tidp nhdn se ngdy cdng tang len. Trong eo cau cdc tgi pham xam pham boat dgng tu phap thugc thdm quydn dieu tra cua Co quan dieu tra VKSND tdi cao, mdt sd tgi pham ey thd se chidm ti Id cao va cd xu budng gia tang dd la: Tdi lam dung chire vy, quydn ban chidm doat tai san;
tgi lgi dyng chiic vy, quydn ban trong khi thi hdnh edng vy; tdi ldm sai lech hd so vu dn;
tgi dimg nhue hinh; tdi ra quydt dinh hai phap ludt; tgi tbidu trdch nhiem dd ngudi bi giam, giii trdn... Ben canh dd, nhdm che gidu tdi pham, eac hdnh vi xam pham boat dpng tu phap cua cdc can bd thoai hda bidn chdt trong cdc Co quan tu phap se dien ra tinh vi hem; tat ydu phdt sinh cdc phuong thiie, tiiii doan mdi dd thyc hidn hdnh vi pham tgi ciing nhu che giau tdi pham.
Tap chi
1 8 I KIEMSAT_ /So20(thang10/2014)
THU'C H A N H Q U Y E N CdNG Td, XI^M SAT HOAT DOHG TV P H A P VA XAY DUNG NGANH KSND
Trudc thye trang dd, nham nang cao hidu qua cdng tae phat hien, dieu tra cae tpi xdm pham boat dpng tu phap thdi gian tdi, Co quan dieu tra VKSND tdi cao cdn tap tnmg lam tdt mdt sd nhiem vu cong tac trpng tdm mang tinh giai phap nhu sau:
Mot Id, cdng tdc phdt bidn, didu tra eac tdi xdm pham boat dgng tu phdp phdi co su lanh dao, ehi dao thudng xuydn ciia lanh dao eac cdp ma true tidp la cua Lanh dao VKSND tdi eao; cua Thii trudng, Phd Thii trudng Ca quan didu tra VKSND tdi cao. Van dd ndy cang cd y nghia quan trgng ban khi trong nhidu vu vide cu thd, ddi tugng pham tdi la cdc can bg, lanh dao cua cdc co quan ndi chung, ndu xuat hien tdm ly nd nang, e ngai tdt ydu se anh hudng den chdt lugng cdng tae dieu tra va tinh ngbidm minh eua phap ludt.
Trdn co sd tinh hinh thyc te cua Co quan dieu tra, Cling nhu ndi dung, tinh ehdt, vu an xdm pham boat dgng tu phdp; Thu trudng, Phd Thu trudng Co quan didu tra phdi lya chgn, bd tri Didu tra vien, can bg dieu tra phu hgp vdi nang lye, sd trudng; bd tri luc lugng, phuong tidn phu bgp, quyet dinh tien hanh cac bidn phap nghiep vu va cde bidn phdp dieu tra thu thdp tdi lieu, chiing cii kip thai vd hidu qud. Ngudi lanh dao phai thudng xuydn dgc, nghe bao cdo kdt qua cu thd cua qud trinh didu tra dd cd budng chi dao, kip thdi thao gd nhiing Icho khan, vudng mac.
Hai Id, thudng xuydn td chiic qudn triet, gido due cho dpi ngii Dieu tra vien, can bg dieu tra thudc Co quan dieu tra VKSND tdi cao ve y nghia va tam quan trgng cua boat ddng phat bidn, dieu tra cdc tgi xdm pham boat ddng tu phap; nam dugc thuc trang didn bidn ngay cang gia tang, tinh chat ngdy cang nghiem trgng cua eac tgi xdm pham boat dgng tu phap d nudc ta; td chiic boi duong kien thiic phdp ludt; gido due dao diic, chinh hi, tu tudng; tap budn ndng cao trinh do
chuyen mdn nghiep vu dieu tra cho dgi ngii Didu tra vidn, can bp didu tra; thudng xuydn ddn ddc, kiem tra nhac nhd vd ngan chan kip thai cdc bieu hien leeh lae, sai pham cua cdc Didu tra vidn, can bp didu ha trong qud trinh tidn hdnh dieu tra cac vy an xdm pham boat ddng tu phap.
Ba Id, cdn nghien ciiu tdng cudng nang luc cho Ca quan didu tra VKSND tdi cao;
tidp tuc nghidn ciiu, bd sung, bd nhidm dii sd lugng va nang cao ehdt lugng cho dpi ngii Dieu tra vidn, cdn bd dieu tra thudc Co quan didu tra VKSND tdi cao; ydu cdu phdi cd mgt dpi ngu Didu tra vidn, can bp dieu tra giiip viee ed pham chdt ehinh tri viing vdng, dao diic tdt, cd tmh thdn trdch nhiem vdi edng vide, khdng qudn ngai khd khan, gian khd, CO y chi tan cong tgi pham den ciing;
khdng bi cudn biit, loi keo trudc cam dd vat chdt, ddng thdi phdi dugc nang cao ban nua vd trinh do phap ludt cung nhu nghiep vu didu tra; biet van dung cdc iing dung khoa hgc ky thuat tidn tidn vdo edng tac phdt iiidn, didu tra khdm pha cdc tgi xdm pham boat ddng tu phap. Ben eanh do, VKSND tdi cao cdn sdm phd duyet "De dn doi m&i to chiec vd hogt dpng cua Ca quan dieu tra VKSND theo yeu cdu cdi cdch tu phdp " nham eung cd vd hodn thien Co quan didu tra nham ddm bao dil siic manh vd chdt lugng, bieu qua cong tac; can dam bao cae didu kien vd tru sd ldm viec, hang thidt bi phuc vu cong tac phat hidn, didu tra cdc tgi xdm pham boat ddng tu phap; thyc hien che do chinh sach dai ngg phu hgp eho eac Dieu ha vien, can bd didu tra thude Co quan dieu tra nham ddng vidn, khich Id bg yen tdm edng tae, tich cyc ddu tranh vdi cdc hanh vi xam pham boat dgng tu phdp ndi chung.
Bon Id, hoan thien he thdng phap luat tao hanh lang phap ly thuan Igi cho qua trinh P^em tiep trang 28)
Tap chi I Sd20(thang10/2014)V_KIEMSAT I 1 9
THUC H A H H QUYEH C 6 N G TO, KI^M S A T HOAT B 6 N G TU P H A P VA X A Y D U M G NGANH KSND
dgng hon trong viee ddi mdi td ehiic va hoat dgng ciia ngdnh theo ehii truang cua Ddng;
dac bi?t tai Kdt luan 79-KL/TW ngay 28/7/2010 cua Bd Chinh hi vd ddi mdi td ehirc vd boat dgng eua Toa an nhan ddn, VKSND va CQDT Id: "Td chire he thdng Vidn kidm sat nhdn ddn thdnh 4 cap, gdm:
Vidn kiem sat nhdn dan khu vyc, Vidn kidm sat nhdn ddn tinh, thdnh phd tryc thude Trung uong, Vidn kiem sat nhan dan edp cao, Vien kiem sat nhan dan tdi cao"; xay dyng dpi ngii can bd, KSV trong saeh, viing m^nh, CO phdm ehat dao diic tdt, ndng lye thyc tidn ddp iing vdi ydu cdu trong tinh hinh mdi; ddng thdi, phai bao dam chd dp tidn lucmg ciing nhu vd co sd vdt chdt, phuang tidn ldm vide eho nganh KSND ndi ehung va dgi ngu KSV noi ridng hong giai do^n hi?n nay.
Nhu vay, ddi ngu KSV VKSND d tmh co vi hi, vai tro rat quan hgng hong dgi ngu edng chirc Nha nudc ndi chung vd d hnb noi rieng. Chinh vi thd, hong nhung nam gdn ddy Dang, Nha nudc va nganh KSND da ehu hgng den ddi ngii edng chiic nay, da tang cudng cd ve sd lugng vd chdt lugng nhdm ndng cao bieu qud cong tdc thye hanh quydn cdng td vd kidm sat boat ddng tu phdp, gop phdn hoan thdnh tdt cdc nhiem vy ehinh tri cua nganh KSND cung nhu nhiem vu chinh hi t^i dia phuong.*
(1) Quoc hpi (2002), Luat T6 chiic VKSND, Nxb Chinh trj quoc gia. Ha Npi. Tr.40.
(2) V.I. Lenin (2006), Toan % , T^p 44, Nxb TiSn b§, Matxcava, Tr,499,
(3) H6 Chi Minh (2000), To&n % , Tap 5, Nxb Chinh tri quoc gia, Ha Npi. Tr.273
N A N G CAO HIEU QUA...
(Tiip theo trang 19) phdt hi?n, dieu ha cdc tdi xam pham hoat dOng tu phap. Theo dd, hong thue tien cdng tae, cdc Dieu ha vien, can bd dieu ha phat bi$n kip thdi eac quy dinb eiia phdp ludt chua bgp Iy, edn tao ke hd cho cdc ddi tugng pham tdi lgi dung bo^t dgng dd dd xudt vdi cac co quan cd tiiam quydn sira doi, bo sung vd ban hdnh mdi nhdm phong ngira, ngan eban c6 hieu qua eae tdi xdm pham boat ddng tu phap; ddng thdi, tao didu kidn thuan lgi va ndng cao ehat lugng, hieu qua edng tac phdt hidn, dieu ha kham phd loai tdi pham nay, tidn tdi lam hong saeh ndn tu phdp d nudc ta.
Ndm Id. hoan thien co chd phdi bgp giiia Co quan didu tra VKSND toi eao vdi cdc eo quan khdc eo lidn quan. Cdc co quan ed hach nhiem phdi bgp, bd trg, tao didu kien tdt nhdt dd Co quan didu tra
VKSND tdi cao thyc tbi nhiem vy trong viec kiem tra, xac minh td gidc, tin bao ve tdi pham, kien nghi khdi td lien quan ddn tdi pham xdm pham boat ddng tu phdp, cung nhu thu thap eac tai lieu, chung eii trong qud trinh dieu tia eac vu dn xdm pham boat dgng tu phap; thyc hidn iiy thac dieu tra khi ed ydu eau. Co quan didu tra VKSND tdi cao ed chiie ndng, nhidm vu chu yeu la dieu tra, phdt hidn vd xu ly tpi pbEim thugc tham quydn theo quy dinh cua phap lu^t, do dd, can cd cae quy djnh eu thd dd mgi boat dgng didu tra thyc hien dugc thu^n lgi. Khi thye bidn chirc ndng, nhidm vy dieu tra, cdc Didu tra vidn dugc giao nhiem vu didu tia cd quydn dp dung eac bien phap ngan chan, cae bien phdp thu thdp ehiing cii va cde bidn phdp khdc theo quy dinb eiia phap ludt to timg binh su dd didu tra, xii ly tgi pham; dugc dp dung cac bidn phap nghiep vu, sii dung edng ey hd trg theo quy dinb ciia phdp luat.*
Tap chi
2 8 I KIEM SAT_ /So 20 (thang 10/2014)