NCHIEN CIJV - TRAO DOI
KY NANG CUA DIEU TRA VIEN KHI THAM GIA PHIEN TOA XET XU THEO THU TUC RUT GON
BO THI PHlTcnVG*
Tdm tit: B$ lu^t T 6 tung hinh sy nam 2015 ll^n diiu tien quy dinh vl sir cd mat cua Bilu tra viin t^i phi^n tda xet x^ ndi chung vi phiSn tda xdt xv theo thu tuc rut gpn. Tiiy nhien, khi tham gia phiin tda set xu vdi vi tri la ngirdi phii t r i Idi cic ciu hoi cua Th^m phin, Kiem sat vien, ngudi bio chua thi Dilu tra viin c^n co ky nang trinh biy cic van de lien quan din vu an, nhit la ddi vdi nhimg vy an dug^c xet xur theo thu tuc rut ggn.
Tic khoa: Ky ndng cua Bieu tra vien; xet xd- theo thu tuc riit gon; Bo ludt To tung hinh su ndm 2015.
Ngdy nh4n bdi: 22/4/2019; ngdy bien tap xong: 25/4/2019; ngdy duyet bdi:
02/5/2019.
Ap dyng thu tye nit gpn nham giai quyet mpt sd loai vy an hinh su nhat dinh dupe nhanh chdng, kip thdi, ban chi tinh hang in tdn dpng, tilt kiem chi phi, thdi gian, cdng siic cho eac ca quan cd tham quyen tien hinh td tung va ngudi cd thim quyen tien hinh td ti^g.
Theo Bd luit Td tyng hinh sy (BLTTHS) nim 2015, thii tuc nit gpn chi ap dyng khi ed dii cic dieu kien sau:
Ngudi tiiyc hi$n hinh vi pham t0i bi bit qua tang hoac ngudi dd tiJ tiiii; sy viec pham tdi dan giin, ehiing cu rd rang; tdi pham da thyc hipn Ii tpi phgm it nghiem trgng; ngudi pham tdi cd noi cu trii, ly lich rd rang (Dilu 456).
Theo quy dinh tgi Dieu 296 BLTTHS nim 2015, trong qui trinh xet xir, khi xet thay can thiet, Hdi ddng xet xir cd thS tripu tap Dieu tra vien da thu ly, giii quyet vu in den phien tda. Ddi vdi thu tye rut gpn ciing ap dung tuang tu. Trong trudng hpp xet thay su cd mat eiia Dieu tra vien cin thilt cho boat dpng xet xii, giii quyet vu in thi Thim phan tien hinh xet xu theo thu tuc nit gpn giri giiy tripu tip Dilu tra vien din phien tda de lam rd nhirng vin dl lien quan din eac hoat dpng td tyng
' Ph6 Giao sw, Tien sT, Khoa Ph6p luSt hinh Sir, Truing D$i hoc Luat Ha NQI.
Sol4{ttiang7/2019)\
Tapchi _KIEMSAT I 3 1
^hM mjjtng 59 ndm Ihdak lap, (Vien kiem tOL nnun ut^', cua hp trong giai dogn dilu tra. Tuy nhiSn,
hipn nay chua cd van ban hudng din cu the ve viec Dilu ti-a vien tham gia phien tda xet xu. Vi tri, vai ti-d cua Dilu tra vien tai phien tda xet xii cung khae hoan toin so vdi viec tiln hanh cic boat ddng dilu tra trong vy an mi Dilu tra vien da thue hien. Do dd, dl ed nhung ky nang tdt khi tham gia phien tda, Dilu tra vien cin phai nam viing eae quy dinh eua phip luat ve thu tuc nit gpn khi tien hanh dieu tra cung nhu xet xu va ean cd ky nang trinh biy nhiing van de lien quan den vu in tai phien tda. Cu the nhu sau:
1. Nam vung cac quy dinh cua phip lu^t vl thu tuc rut gpn trong giai doan dieu tra
Trong giai doan dieu tra vu in, muc dich cua viee ap dung thii tuc rut gpn nhim: Day nhanh qui trinh dieu tra vu an, giam bdt su qui tii lupng an tdn dpng cua Co quan dieu tra; dam bao sy chu ddng, kip thdi diu tranh phdng ngira vi chdng tdi phgm. Ve phia ngudi bi budc tpi, viec quy dinh thu tuc nit gpn trong dieu tra vu an hinh su nham kip thai bao ve tdt han quyen va Ipi ich hop phap ciia hp.
Thdi ban dieu ti-a theo thu tue nit gpn la 20 ngay ke tir ngay ra quyet dinh khdi td vu in. Khi ket thue dieu tra, Co quan dieu tra khdng phai lim bin ket luan dieu tra ma ra quyet dinh de nghi tmy td va giii hd sa vy an eho Vien kiem sit. De xir ly vu in theo thu tuc nit gpn, eae boat dpng dilu tra do Ca quan dieu tra tien hanh chii ylu la: Xae minh can cudc, ly lich cua bi can, iiy Idi khai ngudi lam chiing, ldi khai cua bi hgi...;
cic hogt ddng dieu tra phiic tgp nhu: Trung ciu giim dinh, thye nghiem dilu tra, ddi
chit... hiu nhu khdng phii tiln hanh. BSn eanh dd, Ca quan dilu tra ra quyet dinh khoi td vu an, khdi td bi can, tgm giii, tam giam hoac thay ddi bien phip ngan chan vi phai ed edng van de nghi Vien kiem sit phe chuin. Dieu tra vien phii xiy dung ly lich bi can, xic minh ly lich, trich lyc tien an, tien su, iiy ldi khai cua ngudi bj hgi, ngudi lam ehiing trude va sau khi khdi td, dinh gii tii sin... Ngoii ra, edn phai bd sung them mdt sd thii tiJC nhu: Cdng vin dl nghi ap dung thu tuc nit gpn, bien bin giao quyet dmh ap dyng thu tye nit gpn cho bi can hoac ngudi dai dien hpp phap eua hp.
Sau khi kit thue dilu tra, hd sa ma Ca quan dilu tra tra giri sang Vien kiem sat gdm: Bien ban bit ngudi pham tpi qui tang, bien ban giao nhin ngudi bi bit (neu cd), bien ban hdi cung hi ean, bien bin Iiy ldi khai ciia ngudi hi hai, ngudi lam chiing (neu cd), ban ly lich eua bi can, trich luc tien an, tien sy cua bi ean (neu ed), yeu ciu bdi thudng thiet hai (neu cd) vi quySt dinh de nghi truy td. Nhu vgy, d giai doan dieu tra, khi ket thuc dieu tra, Ca quan dieu tra khdng phii lim bin ket lugn dieu tra ma ra quyet dinh de nghi truy td. Quyet dinh de nghi truy td bi can vdi npi dung: Tdm tat su viec, de nghi truy td theo dieu khoan nao ciia Bd luat Hinh sy, de nghi miic bdi thudng thiet hai ve dan sy (neu cd) vi gui hd sa eho Vien kiem sat. Hien nay, do nhung quy dinh eua BLTTHS nam 2015 vl thu tuc nit gpn van chua dap iing yeu cau thye tien dieu tra vu an. Thu tuc trong giai doan dieu tra giin lupc rat it, thdi ban dieu tra Iai nit ngan rit nhieu so vdi thii tue thdng thudng, dieu niy da giy ap luc ddi vdi
I Tapchi
32 I KI£MSAT_ / S o 14(thang 7/2019)
NCHIEN CUV - TRAO DOI Dieu tra vien, gay tim ly ngai ip dyng thu
tue rut gpn dl giai quyet in hinh su hoac din den vi mudn dim bio thdi han mi viec danh gia chiing cir thieu khich quan hoac lim au, sai sdt ve mat td tyng... Ben eanh dd, viec ap dyng thu tye nit gpn de dilu tra vu in hinh su khdng mang tinh bit budc nen nhin thiic cua mdt sd Dieu tra vien edn ehua diing ve thu tye nit gpn; mdi quan he phdi hop giua Ca quan dieu tra cip huyen vi eac lyc lupng ehiie ning khic cdn bat cap; thieu ca sd vgt chit, phuang tien ky thuat phuc vu eho diu tranh, phdng ngira vi ehdng tpi pham noi chung va cbo dieu tra vy in theo thu tuc nit gpn ndi rieng; hogt ddng sa ket, tong ket nit kinh nghiem ap dung thu tuc nit gpn trong dieu tra vu in chua dupe coi trpng do dd cic vu in dupe giii quyet theo thil tuc rut gpn d cic dia phuang chua nhieu. Diy cd the Ii nhiing nguyen nhan din den cac nhan dinh la Dieu tra vien cd dau hieu vi pham thii tuc td tung hong qua trinh dieu tra vi cung la mpt hong nhiing trudng hop can thiet de Tham phin cd the trieu tap Dieu tra vien den phien tda xet xir. Do dd, viec nam viing cic quy dinh nay se giiip Dieu tra vien binh tinh, ty tin khi tri ldi ve trinh tu, thii tue td tung ip dyng tai phien tda.
2. Xic dinh ro vi tri, vai trd cua Dieu tra vien tai phien tda xet xvt theo thu tye rut gon
Die diem cua phien tda xet xii theo thu tue nit gpn Ii thay vi mpt Hdi ddng xet xir (gom mdt Tham phin va hai Hpi thim nhin dan) thi chi can mpt Tham phan tien hanh. Theo Dilu 463 BLTTHS nim 2015 thi: "Sau phin thii tiic bit diu phien tda.
Kiem sit vien cdng bd quylt dinh tmy td.
Cic trinh tu, thu tuc khac tgi phien tda xet xu dupe thue hien theo thii tue chung quy dinh tgi Bp lugt nay nhung khdng tiln hinh nghi in".
Nhu viy, phien tda xet xir so thim vu an hinh sy ip dyng thu tuc nit gpn vin phii tuan thu mpi quy dinh ehung nhu ddi vdi cic vu in khae. Tuy nhien, ed mpt sd quy dinh die biet, nhu: Thay vi dpc ban eio trang, dgi dien Vien kiem sit se dpe quyet dinh truy td bi can trudc Tda khi bit dau phan xet hdi.
Tren thuc te, cic phien tda xet xu eie vu an theo thii tuc nit gpn thudng dien ra nhu sau: Thim phan hdi den dau bi eio nhan den dd, day du, khdng chdi tdi. Neu bi eio chap nhgn toan bd chiing cir va ldi budc tdi eua Vien kiem sat thi Tham phan sau khi nghe quan diem eua Kiem sat vien ve viec de xuat miie in, cd the eho bi eio ndi ldi sau eung vi ra quyet dinh ip dyng hinh phat ngay ma khdng can phii thyc hien eae trinh tu thim vin, luan tpi vi tranh lugn, quyet dinh cua Thim phan ed gii tri nhu bin an sa thim'. Trong trudng hpp bi eao phin ddi, khdng chap nhan ehiing cii thi Toa in tien hanh xet xir nhu thu tue thdng thudng. Ket thiie tranh luan, Thim phan xem xet day dii eie chiing cii da dupe thim tra tai phien toa va ra mdt trong nhung quyet dinh ma khdng tien hinh nghi in (bdi ehi cd mdt Tham phin din hinh xet xu). Do vy an dcm giin,
1, Trucmg Thi Hul (2015), Thu tuc rut gon trong lugt to tung hinh su Viet Nam (tren ca sd so lieu thifC tiin a Tdy Nguyin), Luan van Thac si Luat hpc, D?i hgc Quoc gia Ha Noi
So14(thang7y2019)\
Tapchi
^KIEMSAT I 3 3
? mitn^ 59 ndtn thdnh lap (Viin kiem .„ 19) chiing cir rd rang nen khi ning xiy ra
oan, sai ciing rit nhd.
Ddi vdi sy tham gia eua Dilu tra vien tai phien tda xet xu theo thu tye nit gpn thi khdng ed quy dinh die biet ma ip dyng theo thii tuc ehung. D I khic phyc tinh trang bi eio khdng nhin tdi vdi ly do bi ep cung, birc cung, Dilu 296 BLTTHS nam 2015 quy dinh: "Trong qua trinh xet xir, khi xet thiy ein thilt, Hdi ddng xet xir ed the trieu tip Dieu tra vien, ngudi cd tham quyen tien binh td tung da thy ly, giai quyet vy an va nhiing ngudi khac den phien tda dl trinh bay cac van de lien quan den vu in"; va theo Dieu 317 BLTTHS nam 2015 thi: "Khi xet thiy ein thiet, Hdi ddng xet xu ty minh hoac theo de nghi cua ngudi tham gia td tiang yeu ciu Dieu tra vien, Kiem sit vien, ngudi khic ed tham quyen tien hanh td tyng, ngudi tham gia td tung trinh bay y kien de lam rd nhung quyet dinh, hanh vi td tung trong giai dogn dieu tra, truy td, xet xu".
Viec Hdi ddng xet xii trieu tap Dieu tra vien khi can thiet khdng nhiing ed Ipi eho hi eao mi edn giup Hdi ddng xet xir nhan dinh dimg ban chat khich quan cua su viec, giup ca quan td tyng cd the khac phyc, sua ddi, bd sung kip thdi cic van de lien quan den vy an ngay tai phien tda.
Dieu nay giiip phien tda tranh dupc phin nao sai sdt ma rit cd the phii mit nhieu nam sau mdi dupe phat hien.
Cin cii quy dinh tren, viee Dieu tra vien cd mat tgi phien tda xet xu vu in hinh sy ndi chung va theo thu tuc nit gpn la khdng bat budc. Theo dd, kl tu thdi diem vu an dupe quyet dinh dua ra xet xu, nhiem vu dieu tra eua ho da tam thdi ket
thiic^. Trong qui tiinh xet xu, xet thay sir cd mat ciia Dilu tra vien la cin thiet thi Thim phin tien hanh xet xu cd the gi"
giiy tri?u tap Dilu tra vien de lim rd cac vin dl eua vy in. Trong trudng hop bi cao phan cung, cho ring bi Dilu tra vien hue cung, diing nhyc hinh hay Luit su kien nghi vl nhiing vi pham nghiem trpng ve thu tue td tiing trong qui trinh dieu tra vu in va cd nhung dau hieu oan, sai..., thi Thim phin phai trieu tap Dilu ti-a vien din phien tda. Dilu tra vien dupe trieu tip van la ngudi tiln hanh td tung trong vu an va hp phii ed mat tai Tda in de lam ro nhiing vin dl ed lien quan den cae boat dpng td tung trong giai doan dieu tra ma bi eao da phan eung, nham ehiing minh cic hogt ddng td tyng do minh thyc hien diing trinh ty thu tye luat dinh.
Khi phien tda dupe xet xu cdng khai, tinh thin tranh timg dupe de cao tiii bit ky mdt tinh tilt, tai lieu, ndi dung nao cua vu in cung cin dupe lam rd. Khi bi eao cd su phin cung, hoac Luat su bao chua eho bi eao phan ddi ket luan cua Ca quan dieu tra Ii khdng ed can eii thi Dieu ha vien can phii giai thieh, bao ve cho ket luan eua minh.
Neu Dieu tra vien khdng chip hanh giiy trieu tip hoac cd mat tgi phien tda nhung khdng thye hien day du trach nhiem chiing minh cic boat dpng dieu tra, thu thap chiing cii da dupe thyc hien diing trinh ty, thu tye luat dinh thi eae ehiing cii do hp thu thap khdng cd gii tri de budc tpi bi eio tgi
2. https.//nganhangphapluat th uky luat. vn/tu-van- phap-luat/thu-tuc-to-tung/dieu-tra-vien-co-bat-buoc- phai-tham-gia-phien-toa-hay-khong-192975, tmy cap ngay 14/02/2019.
I Tap chi
3 4 I KIEM SAT_ / So 14(thang 7/2019)
NGHIEN Cini - TRAO DOI phien xet xir cdng khai. Trudng hpp Dieu
tra vien khdng giii thich dupc, hoac giii thieh nhung vln khdng thi lam rd, khdng thi khing dinh dupe vin dl trong quylt dinh dl nghi truy td thi Thim phin ed quyen ghi nhin nhu ii mdt tai lieu vu an de xem xet sau dd dua ra phin quyet tren tinh thin thupng tdn phip luit, trinh sai sdt gay bit Ipi cho bi cao^. Chinh vi vay, Dieu tra viSn ein nam vung vi tri, vai trd cua minh tai phien tda xet xir de bio ve cic quan dilm cua minh tii giai dogn dieu tra.
3. Ky nang trinh biy cua Dilu tra viin t^i phien tda x^t xu theo thii tuc rut gpn
Thic nhdt, Dieu tra vien can tdn trpng sy that khich quan eua vu in. Tgi phien tda xet xii, khi dupe hdi, Dieu tra vien cin trinh bay mpt each khich quan cic ehiing cii, tai lieu da thu thap dupe trong qui trinh tien hanh eac boat dpng dieu tra theo thii tue nit gpn. Ben egnh dd, cin dua ra nhung can cii eiia phip Iuat de khing dinh vifc thu thap ehung cii ciia minh duac thyc hien dung trinh tu, thu tye luat dinh.
Thic hai, Dieu tra vien can tra Idi thing, ngan gpn vao ciu hdi bing giong ndi to, rd rang, mgch lac vi nhit quin vdi nhihig ehiing cii, tii lieu da ed trong hd so dupc lap tu giai dogn dieu tra.
Viec xet xir theo thu tuc nit gpn dupc giin luac ve thdi gian vi thu tye, do dd, Dieu ha vien can trinh bay that ngan gpn, ro rang va bam sit vao nhiing tii lieu, chiing
3. Luat su Hoang Trgng Gi^p, Vi sao Diiu tra viin xuat hiin a phiin toa Trinh Xudn Thanh, https://news,zing vn/vi-sao-dieu-tra-vien-xuat-hien-o- phien-toa-trinh-xuan-thanh-post810973.html, truy c?ip ngiy 17/02/2019
CU da thu thap dupc, tra ldi dung vao trpng tam cau hdi. Theo dd, Dieu tra vien cin nim vung cic chiing cu, tii lieu da cd trong hd sa vu in. La ngudi tryc tiep tiln hinh dilu tra vy an, lap hd sa vy in, Dilu tra vien hilu rd han ai het nhirng tuih tiet, chiing cu, tii lieu da thu thap dupc tir nhiing ngudn nao, bing cich nao, do dd khi tham gia phien tda xet xir, Dieu tra vien can ghi nhd vi trinh biy nhiing ehiing eii, tai lieu liSn quan din vu in da cd trong hd sa vu in.
Thu ba, khi dupe trieu tip din phien tda, Dieu tra vien can theo ddi sat diln bien phien tda de nam dupc trinh ty, thu tuc tgi phien tda, eiing nhu cic ehiing eii, tai liSu mi eie ben dua ra trong qua trinh xet xu. Dieu nay se giiip cho Dieu tra vien ed dupe thai dp ty tin, linh hogt, ehu ddng, binh tinh; tranh luan tdt, sac sao, chat che, ndi dung ddi dap diing trpng tam khi phai trinh bay.
Thic tu, Dieu tra vien cd the phan ddi cac eau hdi hoae khi cd vi pham thu tuc td tung ciia Tham phin, Kiem sit vien, ngudi bao chiia...
Ngudi bao chiia tham gia phien tda de bao ve quyen va Ipi ich hop phap eua bi cao. De ehiing minh eho bi eao cd the da bi biic cung hoae diing nhuc hinh trong giai dogn dieu tra, hp cd the dua ra nhiing eau hdi nhim tim cic ke hd trong can tri ldi ciia Dilu tra vien. Do do, khi thiy nhiing eau hdi ciia ngudi bio chiia Ii khdng tdn trpng sy that khich quan, khdng tdn trpng minh, Dilu tra vien ed the phan ddi eae eau hdi.
Trong trudng hpp can thiet, Dieu tra vien cd thi vien din dieu luit de ting tinh thuylt phuc khi dl cap din nhirng vi
Sdl4(thwg 7/2019) \
Tapchi I _KI£M SAT 35
&tM miing. 59 nam Ihmk Idfi (Viin kiim uu mum aMnJTu/ 7/ fyag zo/ / / f j ^ pham cua nhiing nguoi tidn hanh t6 tung;
nguoi tham gia t6 tmg khac tai phien toa;
can phan doi cac cau hoi mang tinh goi y, chfta ham y tra loi, hoac c6 nhiing Icfa luan sai, hay dua ra mot s6 lap luan mang tinh quy chup, ap dat...
Thu niim, klii trinh bay, Di^u tra vien cSn dua ra cac chiing cii, danh gia, phan tich chiing cii voi ly le, lap liian chat che; vien dSn npi dung cac quy dinh cua phap lu^t mpt each thuyet phuc de bao v6 quan diem dieu tra cua minh, Dieu tra vien cin giai thich ro rang, chinh xac nhirng vSn d^ dupc yeu cau iam ro hoac can phai khang dinh chiic chan cac van de co trong quyet dinh de ngili truy to. Ben canh do, Dieu tra vien can chii y 15ng nghe va tom tat dupc ddy dii cac cau hoi ma Tham phan va nhiing nguoi
khac dua ra. Npi dung d6i dap dung tipnE t&n, bap ve dupc quan diSm trcng quyet dinh de nghi truy tp cua minh.
Thir sau, DiSu tra vien cSn trinh bay vpi thai dp nghiem tiic, lich sv, nhe nhang, ton trpng Thim phan, Kiem sat vien, ngupi bao chira va nhung ngucii tham gia to tung khac, co each xung ho phii hpp voi Tham phan va nhihig nguoi khac tai phien tpa. DiSu tra vien tuyet doi tranh nhung ioi le xiic pham hoac thieu ton trpng nguoi khac. DiSu tra vien cin c6 tu the, tac phong trang nghiem, dinh dac, chii dpng, tu tin trong khi xet hoi va tranh luSn, binh tinh va xii ly linh hoat cac tinh hu6ng phat sinh tai phien toa va can c6 trang phuc gpn gang, nghiem tiic khi tham gia phien tpa xet xir.D
CAC NGUYEN TAC...
(Tiep theo trang 50)
2.2. Y nghia phdp ly hinh su cua nguyen tac niy la: 1) Nd khdng ehi gdp phan eu the hda trong BLHS hien hanh nguyen tic hien dinh cua Hien phap nam 2013 ve sy binh dang cua mpi cdng din trudc phap luat {Dieu 16), ma edn phu hpp vdi tu tudng phap ly tien bp cua nhan loai ve sy binh dang cua tat ci mpi ngudi trudc phip luat da ghi nhan tuang iing trong hai van ban qudc te cua Lien hap qude da neu (Dieu 7 Tuyen ngdn nhan quyen va Dieu 26 Cdng ude qude te ve cic quyen dan su va chinh tri) nhu la thanh qua cua cude dau tranh hang the ky cua cic dan
tdc tren trai dit chdng lai tinh trang die quyen, die Ioi va bat binh dang cua cii gpi la "nin tu phip hinh su" vdi bin chit din ap va da man dudi cae ehe dp chiem hiiu nd le, phong kien, phat xit... 2) Ngan ngda vi chdng Igi tu tudng eye bd, bin vi, hep hdi, Ipi ieh nhdm cho thieu sd.
2.3. Su the hien tu tuang chu dao ca bdn cua nguyen tic niy d cic mue dp khae nhau ed the nhan thiy qua cic quy pham tuong ung tgi Dieu 3 BLHS nim 2015 nhu sau: "Mpi ngudi phgm tdi deu binh dang trudc phip luat, khdng phan biet gidi tinh, dan tpc, tin nguang, tdn giao, thanh phan, dia vi xa hdi" (dilm b khoin 1) va "Mpi phap nhan thuang mai pham tdi deu binh dang trudc phap Iuat, khdng phan biet hinh thiic sd hihi va thanh phin kinh tl" (dilm b khoan 2).
(Con nica) I Tapchi
3 6 I KIEMSAT_ /Sdl4(thwg 7/2019)