NGHiENCUU
Nang cao xu^t khau hang nong san chu Itrc cua Thai Lan:
bai hoc kinh nghiem cho tinh Bac Giang
Nguy&iVanTu^
Vien Kiem sat nhan dan tinh Bac Giang
cac mat hang ndng san chii lyc nhu vdi Ihlgu, my chu, ga ddi, che, lac cOa tinh Bac Giang..,da xudt khdu di dirpe nhigu nude trong khu vue va tren the gidi. Tuy nhien, trong bdi cdnh hdi nhdp qudc Id va each mang edng nghiep 4.0 hien nay, xuat khdu hang ndng san chii lyc ciia tinh Bdc Giang vdn ehua thue su tuong xiing vdi tigm nang va phai diing trudc rat nhidu khd khan, thdeh thiie. Do dd, cdn tdi ede gidi phap hiiu hieu hon nua de dua xudt khdu hang ndng sdn chii lue ciia tinh phdt trien len mdt tdm eao mdi.
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Xudt khdu hdng ndng sdn ehii lyc Id mdt trong nhiing thd manh ciia linh Bdc Giang, nd ddng gdp rat Idn vdo cdng eude phdt trign kinh tg - xa hdi ciia dia phuong. Vdi lpi the la tinh mien nui tmng du cd ddng bang phi nhigu xe kg, tinh Bdc Giang cd rat nhieu dieu kien thudn lpi de phdt trien da dang cac loai eay Irdng, vat nudi, tao ra mdt thi trudng hang ndng san chii luc phong phii, tao tign dg cho xuat khau hdng ndng sdn chii lye ciia linh phdt trign.
Thai Lan la nude cd nhieu digu kien ve phat trign ndng nghiep tuong ddng vdi Viet Nam (Thai Lan vdi Yi^t Nam ndi ehung, vdi tinh Bdc Giang ndi rieng deu ndm chung khu vuc dia Iy, deu cd ngudn nhan cdng gia rd vdi chi phi thdp, trinh dp phat trien eiia ndng ddn chua eao, ndng nghiep ehiem ti trpng Idn,,,), do dd nhiing kinh nghiem xuat khdu hang ndng sdn ehii lyc eua Thdi Lan se giup cho Viet Nam ndi chung, tinh Bdc Giang ndi ridng dua ra dupe cae gidi phdp tan dyng dupe bet tiem nang cua minh de nang cao xuat khau ndng san cho dia phuong, dac biet la ndng sdn trdi cdy,
2. Mgt so giai phap ma Thai Lan doi vdi nong san trai cay de nang cao gia trj xuat i(hau
Mdt Id, Thai Lan coi ling dyng cdng nghe khoa hpe hien dai hong san xuat va nudi trdng la ehia khda then chd't. Nhdm dap ung cae yeu cau ngay cang khat khe ciia cdc nude nhdp khdu hoa qua Thai Lan, Thai Lan ddu tu vao edi tidn va ling dyng cac ki thudt, cdng nghe tign lien nhdt trong sdn xual va nudi trdng trai cdy chii lyc. Ben canh do, do dign tich dat ndng nghiep cd han ngn Thai Lan tap tmng theo hudng edi tao ddt trdng, lai tao ra ede gidng cdy mdi cd kha nang thich ling vdi nhung viing dat canh tde bae mau, kho han. Ben canh dd. Thai Lan ciing rat ehu trgng san
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xudt hai eay s^eh thdng qua viec sii dung cdc loai phan bdn sach nhu phan hiiu eo, phdn vi sinh. Ngodi ra, Thai Lan ehii trpng ndng cao trinh dp sdn xudt ndng nghiep cho ngudi dan. Cac ldp dao tcio ki thuat eanh tde, nudi hdng ndng sdn ndi chung, trdi cay ndi rieng dupe td chiic rdng khdp trdn cd nude. Ndi dung eiia cae khda dao t^o nay hudng ddn cho ngudi ndng dan ve ky thuat canh tac, ehuygn giao cdng nghe tien tien cung nhu phd bien eho ngudi ddn vg nhiing yeu cdu khat khe ciia cdc nude nhdp khdu hang ndng san Thdi Lan, qua dd ndng eao nhdn thiie va trach nhiem eho ngudi ndng dan trong hoat ddng xudt khau hang ndng san ehii lyc.
Thii hai, cap nhdt cac xu hudng lieu diing mdi va digu ehinh dg kip thdi thich nghi Xu hudng tieu diing phd bien hien nay trgn the gidi dd'i vdi mat hang trdi cdy la trai eay sach, khdng bi nhigm thude tni sau hay cac nhiem cac loai hda chat khde, phat trien tu nhien vd khdng gay hai tdi sire khde eiia con ngudi. Hon nua la san pham trai cdy duge eanh Idc, nudi trdng ma khdng gay nguy hai tdi mdi trudng. Chinh phu Thai Lan kiem soat ngat nghgo quy trinh sdn xuat trai cay than thien vdi mdi trudng, kigm soat khau ddu vao va ddu ra eiia ndng san trdi eay ehii luc. Nhiing ndng trai hay hpp tde xa va ngudi dan trdng trai eay vi pham cac tigu chudn vg bdo ve mdi tmdng se bi xu ly nghiem.
Thir ba, tap tmng tdi uu hda ehi phi sdn xudl trai eay chii luc dg ha gid ban. La nude xudt khdu ndng nghiep hang ddu trong khu vue vd trgn thg gidi, xudt khau trai eay chd lyc Thdi Lan dupe ddu tu mdt edeh bdi ban tir viee ty ehii eae yeu td dau vao cho ddn cdc yeu td dau ra. Nhd dd, sdn phdm trdi cdy ehii luc eua Thdi Lan cd gia thanh kha re so vdi cac qud'c gia trong khu vyc va trgn the' gidi.
Thu tu, thye hign ehinh sach trp gid ndng sdn chO lue chp ndng ddn. Ndng dan Thai l^n dupe chinh phu
hd tro rdt Idn. Hp dupe vay uu dai vdn dg nudi trdng san xuat, ddng thdi dupe uu dai mua bao higm, ngoai ra cdn dupe mign thug ndng nghigp. Chinh phii eung ho trp ngudi ndng dan tii khau tiep thj tdi tieu thy sdn pham. Chdng hcin Chinh phii phdi hgp vdi cae hiep hdi ndng ddn va doanh nghiep eae dia phucmg thudng xuyen td chirc cac hdi chp gidi thigu san phdm trdi cdy chii lyc ciia cdc dia phuong, lien ke't ngudi ndng dan vdi doanh nghiep va ngudi tieu diing, ddng bd hda cac ehinh sdeh dg bdo dam tinh lign thdng tir khau gieo trdng, sdn xuat dgn bao lieu xuat khau vd giam nil ro cho ngucri ndng dan. Dac biet, ehinh phii trp gia cho nong ddn ddi vdi sdn pham trai cdy ehii lyc do ddy Id mat hdng nhay edm, ed thdi gian sir dyng khdng ddi nhu cdc mat hang khd va each thiie van ehuygn eiing nhu bdo quan eung phirc tap hon cdc loai mat hang khde. Khi gid thi tmdng thdp, Chinh phd da dung ngan sdch bao tieu ndng sdn cho ndng dan. Vige trp gia ndng san khdng chi thuc hien d viec mua ndng san vdi gia uu dai, ma ndng dan trdng trai eay edn dupe hudng nhung uu dai nhu mua phdn bdn vdi gid thap, mign cude van ehuygn phan bdn, dupe cung cap gidng mdi ed nang sudt eao, dupe vay vdn lai xudt thap hi ngdn hdng ndng nghiep,.,. Thai Lan cung hd trp vg gia cho ndng dan trdng 5 loai cay chii lye Id sdu rieng, nhan, vdi, mang eyt va ehdm ehdm. De Ihyc hien idt chinh sach hd trg nay, Chinh phu Thai Lan sii dung eae chuyen vien eao edp phu trdeh chuong trinh vdi nhiem vy gidm sat tii viec sdn xudt, phan phd'i, ehe hign, gia ca cho dgn tim thi tmdng xuat khdu mdi.
Thii nam, trai cay chii lye eiia Thai Lan dupe ehu trong lii khau mdu ma sdn pham tdi da dang hda sdn phdm, Trai cay chii luc ciia Thai Lan nhu xodi, sdu rieng, dira.. .khdng ehi dap ting vg chat lugng ma cdn dep ve mau md, hinh thirc, tao su bat mat va thu hiit ngudi lieu dung. Thai Lan nghien elm, chpn lya cdc sdn phdm trdi eay ed tigm nSng sdn xuat vd tiem nang thi trudng cao. Tii dd, tien hanh xay dung vd van hdnh cdc td ehlre tap thg thye su eiia ngudi sdn xuat kinh doanh cae san phdm sg dang ky nhan hieu edng ddng va ede td chuc nay phdi duoc tham gia ngay tir dau qud trtnh xdy dung thuong hieu. Chinh phii cung tao dieu kien eho ngudi sdn xuat/doanh nghiep sii dyng nhan hieu cdng ddng va luu thdng san pham. Ben canh dd, chinh phii xay dyng chien luoc xde tie'n thuong mai vd phdt trign thj tmdng ngdn han vd dai han nhdm hd trp cdc ndng sdn. Qua dd, cdc loai trdi cay dupe gdn tem mdc rd rang, ghi ro ngudn gde xuat xii, thdi han sir dung, cdc tieu chudn dat dupe, thdm ehi thdng tin eho ngudi lieu diing biet vg Ipi ich sire khde ciia timg loai trdi cdy. Chinh phii Thai Lan gidm sdt chat ehg va nghiem tiie viec gdn mac eae san phdm xuat khau, tir dd tao uy tin cho san pham khi ra thi hudng.
Thir sau, thiet lap cac kenh phan phdi rdng khdp cac qud'c gia trong khu vue vd tren the gidi. Nhdm thiic day gia tri xuat khau hang trai cay chii lyc eua minh.
Thai Lan tan dung eae mdi quan he ngoai giao vdi tdt ca ede qudc gia trong khu vyc vd tren thg gidi. Thdng qua cac eo hdi hpp tac ngoai giao, chinh tri vdi cac nude ban, Thdi Lan tan dung cac eo hdi dg phdt trign thuong mai, gidi thieu ede mat hang xudt khdu ciia minh, tim ede dau mdi phdn phdi hdng Thdi Lan d ede nude dg til dd thue ddy nganh xudt khau trdi cay chii lyc phdt trign trdn pham vi ngdy mdt md rdng.
Thii bay, ehinh phii Thai Lan ludn san sang hd trp cac doanh nghiep xuat khdu trai cdy ehii lue. Nhiing hd trp d ddy co thg Id hd trp ve vdn nhu uu ddi cho ede doanh nghiep vay de md rdng sdn xudt, xdy dyng cdc eo ehg' ngan hang, eo ehe bdo higm cho doanh nghigp nhdm giam thigu nii ro cho doanh nghiep trong linh vuc xudl khau nay.
3. Mot SO bai hoc itinb nghiem cho tinh Bac Giang Bdc Giang la linh cd dign tich trdng eay an qua Idn nhdt mign Bde. Trdi cdy eung la loai ndng san chii lue dae trung rd net nhat ciia dia phuong nay. Khd khan, thdch thire eiia linh Bde Giang Irong xuat khau trai cay ehil lye trong giai doan hdi nhap va nen kinh tg 4.0 chinh la vdn de ehdt lupng mat hdng, vige che' bien dg nang eao gia tri vd thi trudng lieu thu cua eay an qud.
Vi du vai thieu Id trai eay ehii lyc ndi tieng eiia tinh Bde Giang nhung trong mdt thdi gian dai, nOng ddn dia phuong chi ddc canh cdy an qua ndy, chua chii ddng dupe ddu ra eho ndng sdn vd viee ehg bign qua vdi thieu eiing cdn nhigu han che. Tir nhung bai hpe eiia Thai Lan, ed thg nit ra mdi s6 kinh nghigm cho tinh Bdc Giang de nang eao gia tri xuat khdu trdi eay ehii lyc tren dia ban tinh nhu sau:
Thir nhdt, ddu tu va img dung khoa hpc -edng nghe hien dai trong san xudt va nudi Irdng trdi cay la mau chdt dg san phdm trdi cay ehii lyc ciia Bac Giang ed thg canh tranh trgn thj trudng xudt khdu trdi cay chii lyc khu vuc vd the gidi.
Trong bdi cdnh eua cude each mang cdng nghiep 4.0, khoa hoe edng nghe la chia khda giiip siic canh tranh ciia cdc mat hdng ed bude Eidn tang vpt. Cac kl thuat nudi trdng va san xudt hien dai giup tiet kiem thdi gian, siic ngudi, sire ciia md van dam bao hieu qua san xudl vugt trdi. Hon thg niia, hien nay phat trien hang ndng san sach ed ling dung edng nghe cao Id xu hudng tat yg'u va la hudng di dung dan, lau ddi, Cdc sdn phdm ndng sdn ehii lye ciia tinh Bdc Giang Cling phdi theo xu hudng dd neu mudn ton tai bgn vung vd canh tranh Idu dai dupe vdi sdn phdm eiia cac dja phupng khac tren ca nude va tren the gidi, Tieu ehi lya ehpn sdn pham ciia ede nude ngdy mdt khat khe, ngu hang ndng san ehu luc khdng dam bao cac ye'u to
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NGHliN cuu
dau vao khat khe do thi con duimg xuat M u se djn ktiflng m « nhung khOng fhi thitu cho bft cii sin nu nep lai. Chang han nhu vdd thi tmdng c4c nude phSm nio mucin duc?c tiSu thy v4 xuft Iih4u ra ben tnuoc Lien minh Chau Au, c4c san phdm trffi cSy phai ngoai. B4y cQng iS bM toan djt ra cho IdiOng chi nguiri dap img cac ySu c4u v4 tuSn thll cac tieu chufc vS san xuft, chinh quyin dia phuong ma c6n cho ca c4c chat doc hai, du luong kh4ng sinh, du luong thuSc tnj bp, ban nganh lien quan. Xay dung thuong hieu trai sau.. .NS'u khong ung dung cong nghe trong san xuat cay chu luc phii co su liSn kft dong b6 tii tr6n xudng nang nghiSp thi nguoi dan rat kho do luong cac chi ducSi. Nguoi san xuat phai duoc giim sal thuc hi$n tieu nay. TO da, kho cho ra cac sin phSm trai ciy dat dung theo cac tieu chuan d4 ra til trSn xuSng. Nguoi chSt luong mot each chuan x4c, keo theo tinh canh kiem dinh chit luong cac san pham phai dam b i o tranh giim va khong thu hiit cac qutfc gia nhip khiu. tinh liem minh, khSt khe...B6n canh do, tinh B4c B6n canh do, phai cha trong quy trinh san xuat than Giang cin day manh c6ng tic tuyen huyen v i tmy^n thign voi m6i truong. Tren dia bin tinh Bic Giang, vi^c thOng ve nong sin cua tinh cho ngitoi tieu dung trong khai thac qua miic mOt loai cay trong vin con dien ra, nu6c, chinh quyen dia phirong va nguoi s i n xuit sin giy ra nhCrng tic hai nghiem trpng tdi moi truong, dat phim tren cac phuong tien thong tin dai chung. Xiy tr6ng ciy, nuoc tudi cay...Di^u nay ddng nghia vdi dung quy hoach sin xuat mang tinh tong th^ tren co viec phit hien khong b^n vung. Do do, ling dung cdng sd chat lupng san phim gin vdi cic di^u kien sinh nghe cao trong san xuit, nudi trdng song song vdi dim thii die thii. Cic tem m i c gin tren s i n ph4m phii bao yeu td thin thien vdi mdi tnidng l i bai hpc cin dam bap phan inh diing chit luong ciia s i n phim./.
phai thuc hien ngay.
Thii hai, chinh phii cin cd cac giii phip k^t hop vdi chinh quy^n cac dia phuong de hd trd ngudi ndng d i n s i n xu^t, nudi trdng v i tieu thy trii cay chii luc.
Tii bii hoc ciia Thii Lan, cd th^ thiy chinh phu Thai Lan rat chii trpng tdi Idi ich ciia ngudi ndng dan. Ndng , „ d i n Thii Lan dudC h& tro vay vdn, duoc hd tro gidi Tai 11611 Ihaill KhaO
thieu san p h i m , dudc trp gii s i n pham chO Peerapan Suwannarat (2015), Agricultural luc.Ndng d i n cOng dupe chinh phu quan tim d^ Productivity and Poverty Reduction in Thailand (Sin ning cao trinh do s i n xuat. Tu dd ngudi ndng din cd xuat ndng nghiep vi giim ddi ngheo d Thii Lan), the an tim chuyen tam sin xuit, cho ra thi trudng cic Faculty of Economics, Thammasat University, s i n phim trii ciy chu luc dat chit luong cao, sin Overseas Development Institute (2011), Thailand's luong tdt, d i p dng dupe c i c tidu chuin khit khe ciia p,Qg,ess in agriculture: Transition and sustained pro- c i c qudc gia nhap khau. Day la kinh nghidrn ma dudvity growth (Thinh cdng trong phit tridn ndng khdng chi cd chinh quyen tinh Bic Giang m i can cd nghjep Thii Lan: chuydn ddi v i ting trudng nang suit su tham gia cua chi'nh phu Viet Nam thi mdi ning cao | , j ^ vung).
dudC gii tr! xuit khau hing ndng sin ndi Chung len Thanasuwit Thabhiranrak (2018), IWarketing t i m cao mdi. ^ Strategies and Brand Building for Agricultural
Thll ba, tap trang tdi uu hda chi phi sin xuat trii products: A Case of the Village Funds in Eastern ciy chu lire dS ha gii ban. Nhd chii ddng trpng ca chu Region of Thailand (Chien lupc marketing va xiy dung tnnh tir khiu diu vao tdi khiu dau ra, Thai Lan mang thuomg hieu ndng sin: Nghidn ciiu trudng hpp ndng ra thi trudng trii ciy nhiing sin pham chit luong cao ^^^ ^ ^ p[,l2 ^^^ 7^41 [_a„)
vdi gii thanh re, qua dd thu hut cac nha nhap khiu va ^^ ^^^^^ jjUig^ ^^^ ^.^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ 1^^,^
tao Unh canh tranh cao cho san pham trai cay thai ^^^ ^^^ ^.^^^^ website baobacgiang.vn
Lan. Tinh Bic Giang cd Idi * « ' d n j e d.eu taen d p ^.^^ ^ ,^ ^.
hinh, d a dai, kh, hau d6 ^ » ^ " ! ' " ^ ' ^ " ^ ^ ^ ^ n viec phe duyet danh muc cic sin phim ndng sin chu ciy cha luc vd, so ludng Ion '^h* "dnS 'horn ngon, ^ P J ^ ^ . , ^ ^.^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^^^
^^m^-^^i^^^i^^^'^f^'l''^'^^^^^^^;^ https://thuvTenphapluat.vn/van-ban/Linh-vuc- Dg ueu thu c i c s i n pham '«'.^4y ^^^ ^'^„„^„'^ ° ™ * khac/Quyet-dinh 1517-QD-UBND-2017-Danh-muc- xuit v i phin phdi san phim, dam phin vdi Mng trim 361043.aspx
cho tmySn thdng trSn c i nude, cic cho dau moi dd md rOng kdnh tieu thu ndng s i n cho ndng din.
Thii tir bai hoc v4 xiy dung gii tri thuong hidu, m i u m i s i n phim. Bii hpc xiy dung thuong hieu tuy 5 0 K.~" .< = " ' " * - "*• •"'" ° - " - """" " " " '