NGHItNClluffll
NANG Ll/C XA HOI
• •
TRONG NOI DUNG HOC VAN PHO THONG
I . B o i c i n h v a v a n d e
NhOfng yeu cau phat trien con ngUdi trong qua trinh cong nghiep hoa, hien dai ngay cang da dang va sau sac. Nang liic con ngurdi ngiiy cang phdi phong phu hon, chuyen biet hon nhi/ng d6ng thdi phcii tich hop, CO dong va linh hoat hon. Hoc vin ph6 thong can the hien duoc nhCirng doi hdi nay de bSo dSm sir phat triln day dCi nang luc cCia ngifdi hoc.
Til quan diem phat trien nang lac, hoc van ph6 thong phdi phan anh daoc nhdmg thanh to c6t loi cCia
nhCJfng nang liic co ban cua con ngirdi khi vao tuoi trudng thanh, budc vao hoat dong xa hoi. Neu to chufc cac nang luc theo ITnh viic hoat dong ttfong ilhg thi trong giao due phcii quan tarn den nhCfng nang lUc sau day.
1. Nang luc logic-toan 2. Nang lire khoa hoc
3. Nang luc nghe thuat, tham ml 4. Nang liic xa hoi
5. Nang life the chat 6. Nang liic cdng nghe
7. Nang liic ngon ngOf va giao tiep 8. Nang liic dao dOfc
9. Nang liic van hoa
10. Nang liic kinh te, kinh doanh v.v...
Va con rat nhieu dang nang liic khac tuy theo each chung ta chon tieu chi phan loai nhu the nao.
Chang han neu lay tinh triTu tuong tang len cua hoat dong thi nang liic co cac loai:
1. Nang liic thiic hien cong viec chan tay 2. Nang liic quan If
3. Nang liic lanh dao 4. Nang life hoc tap 5. Nang luc thiet ke 6. Nang liic giao tiep 7. Nang liic ngon ngOf 8. Nang liic tU duy v.v,..
Khai niem nang liic xa hoi theo If thuyet noi dung hoc van pho thong dirong nhien co lien quan den nhOfng loai nang liic ke tren, nhUng khong the dong nhat vdi chung vi hai le sau:
1. Ndi dung hoc van pho thdng tat phSi tinh
gon hern va chon loc hon. f~
PGS.TS.DANGTHANHH(mG
Trung XM NghlAn c^ Tim If hgc vi Giio due hgc 2. Ndi dung hoc van pho thdng phcii diioc to chufc khai quat hon v^ mat gia trj nhung lai cu the hon v^ mat hlnh thCfc trong chirong trinh giao due.
Theo logic sU pham thi h§ thdng nang liic ngUdi tCr gde do giao dgc va phat trien ca nhan cd the dMc phan chia tuong doi doe lap thanh nhOfng ITnh viie hoat ddng CO bSn cCia ngudi hoe. Hoac cd th^ dugfc to chufc cac nang lUc do trong cac hoat ddng phufc hop. Dd cung la van de to chufc nang liic xa hdi trong ndi dung hoc van.
Van d l hien nay la md t3 nang liic xa hdi nhu the nao de phan biet vdi nhflng nang liic khac? Tren thiic te cac nang liic tich hop d ca nhan va chung diioe huy ddng cung nhau trong hoat ddng. Ngay ca van de nang liic xa hdi bao gdm nhOfng thanh to nao cung chUa 6MC lam rd ve mat khoa hoe.
2. Quan niem nang lUc xa hoi 2.1. Tong quan
Cd nhieu each hieu khac nhau ve nang liic xa hdi. Cho den nay, khai niem nay ehUa that rd rang ve mat khoa hoc. Trong khoa hoe tam If thudng ddng nhat nang lire xa hdi (Social Competencies) vdi nang liic xuc cam (Emotional Competencies) hoac ke cS nhOfng nang liic hanh vi nhan thufe lien quan den tinh cam. Trong khoa hoc giao due, kinh te hoc, xa hdi hoe, van hda hoc ... nang liic xa hdi thudng duoc hieu gan vdi kl nang song, kl nang xa hdi, nhan thufe va hanh vi van hda xa hdi. NhOfng quan diem dd rd rang khdng sai nhung chUa xae djnh va chUa day dCi. Don giSn la nang liic hay xa hdi thi deu khdng chi bao ham tinh Ceim va xuc Ceim, ehl gdm cd hanh vi van hda, cung khdng chi la ki nang song.
Neu hieu theo nghTa rdng Idn nhat, nang lire xa hdi la bein chat chung ciia nang life eon ngudi. Moi nang life eCia con ngudi deu la nang luc xa hdi. Tat nhien chung deu ed tien de la nhOfng tiem nang sinh hoc va di truyen ca nhan. Nang life ngudi vdi chufc nang hanh ddng thiic tien ludn la cai xa hdi, ehCf khdng the la cai gl khac.Tuy vay, each hieu nay cung chUa dCi xae djnh de ehl rd pham vi cua nang life xa hdi vdi tif each thanh phan co bSn eCia ndi dung hoe
"vail trlfdng pho thdng.
C:\/M.JDJ
KHOA HQC GlAO DUC • !GQl NGHieNCOU
2.2. Khai niem nang It/c xa hoi trong hpc v6n pho thong
Nang life xa hdi 1^ sifc manh tinh t h i n v l h^nh ddng cua el nhan difoc t6 chOfe difa tr§n nh$n thOfc xa hdi (tri gilc xa hdi, ki nang xa hdi), thii dd v l tinh elm xa hOi M dgo dufc, van hda, t h i m mi, phip lult...) v l cle kT nang, hanh vi song giup eon ngUdi tuong tic vdi mdi trudng xa hdi v l gili quy^t cle van d^ x l hdi cua mlnh ed hi§u qui, thfeh Ofng thinh cdng vdi mdi trudng sdng va l l m vide.
NIng life xa h^i difOc hi^u I I nhQng nang life hudng vio holn cinh xa hdi, ufng xCr vdi cle v i n d^
xa hdi v l tham gia cle quan h§ xa hdi. Ndi cich khie, dd I I ning life hilu ddi sdng xa hdi, ning life hlnh ddng v l hlnh vi phu hop vdi cle quan h^ v l holn cInh xa hdi, nang life bi^u hi§n xuc elm, t h i i do v l tinh elm e l nhIn dung trude nhOfng sif ki§n v l vin de xa hdi, nang life gili quyet cle v i n de x l hdi v l ra quyet djnh phu hop vdi holn einh. Ning life x l hdi cd cau true tUong tif nhif nang life ndi chung, gom 3 mat: Tri thufe, KT nlng,Thli do vlTinh elm.
3. Khung nang lUc xa hoi cua hoc sinh pho thong
3.7. Khung nang lUcxa hoi theo tieu chi quan hexahoi
3.2. Khung nang li/cxa hoi theo tieu chiti/Ong tdc xd hdi
N M n t h t k x i h d i Social Ctmgnition
1. Tri thCrc vi lu nSng sCr dung h i ^ qui hinh vi xa h6i thdng thtximg (giao ti^p, giao djch, trd chuyen...)(1) 2. Nhin didn v i hilu cicquitic,tiptucxi hdi hi£n hinh trong mdi trudng x i h ^ (2) 3.Hi^uvic6kTning tu U6m soit, tir giim sit hinh vi cCia mlnh (3)
4. Nhin thCrc cd djnh hudng v£
tuong lai trong cdng vi$c, ddi sdng, hoincinh...(4) 5. Phin bl$t v i H&i rd nhOng inh hudng tich cue v i t i ^ cue trong mdi trudng d ^ chinhmlnh(5) 6. Nhin thUc ngudn gdc xa hdi v i qudc gia cOa mlnh v i gia dinh (6)
T h i i d ^ / t l n h c i m , Social Emotion(."i
A t t l t u d * ' "
1. Cim nhin duoc tic ddng cija mlnh dfri ngudi loiic v i cOa ngudi l(hic d6in4nh(7)
2. Tin tudng khi ning inh hudng cCia mlnh d^n hoin cinh cCia ngudi khic (8) 3. Tdn trong nhCfhg khic biet c i nhin cd ngudn gdc gidi v i sic tdc (9)
4. Thii d^ xCr SI/ thin thl^n vdi c^ng ddng v i ngudi khic (10) 5. Tdn trpng h?nh phiDc, phCic M h ^ phip cOa ngudi khic bing thii d$ cd trich nhl^mdD
6. Th6 hien thi^n cim, quan t i m trong quan h£ x i h^i v i l^c quan trudccudcsdng(12) 7. Tdn trong vi qui trong cic gii trj hda blnh, phit trl€n b€n vCimgxihdl(13)
1
; KiningsJngvi
^r'-'^kSh^l Social/UvlngSMIIi
1. Giio ti^p hi^u qui trong cic d^ng quan M x i hdi khic nhau (14)
2. Tim d u ^ glii phip cd tinh xiy di/ng t r u ^ cic bit ddng v i xung ddtxiyra(15) 3. Ra quyft d|nh v i giii quy^t cic vin d£
x i hdi cOa mlnh v i cOa ngudi khic khi hd trohpOe)
4. Nim bit thdi CO v i t | n di^ng d u ^ hd tro x i hdi hay cOa ngUdI khic (17)
5. Khdi xudng v i duy tri cic quan h$ x i h^i cOa mlnh v i cOa nhdm(18)
6.Chi:id$ngviki£ntr1 hpc t i p d^ phit tri^n c i nhin (19) 7. Lim v i ^ nhdm v i cdng tic hi6u q u i vdi ngudi khic (20)
V M chfnh m l n h
1. Nh^n thijtc v i ijfng xCf vdi bin thin
1.1. C i m nh^n diing v4 chfnh mlnh
1.2. ThCra n h i n sijfc m^nh, nhu c i u , g i i trj cOa mlnh
1.3. Cim nhin di/(;c inh hudng c i nhin cda mlnh d^n chinh mlnh 1.4. N h i n ra v i thCra n h i n nhCrng xOc c i m , tinh c i m cda mlnh
2. T I / q u i n If h i n h vi, t h i i d $ cda mlnh 2.1. K i l m s o i t xung dOng v i t i m tr^ng b i t 6 n trong chlnh mlnh
2.2. Ch^ ngi/ stress v i nhCfng r6l lo^n c i nhin
2 . 3 . T I / C 6 V U vigiCf kl luit c i nhin cho mlnh
2.4.Xiclipvithvrc hi^n mgc dfch s6ng v i lim v i ^ cda mlnh
2.5. Cic kl ning t6 churc c u ^ s6ng c i nhin
Vdi c^ng d6ng x i h ^ l
1. N h i n thdc v i i j r n g x d v d i x i h ^ l 1.1. L^c quan, hudng tdl trl^n vpng t 6 t d?p 1.2. Thi^n c i m vdi mpi ngudi v i ddi sdng chung 1.3. Ki ning ling nghe v i ddi thoai 1.4. Tdn trpng g i i trj cua i\f da d^ng x i h ^ i
15. Tdn trpng nhCrng ngudi khic 2. Cic ki ning quan h$ v i tuong tic x i hdi
2.1.Giao t i ^ x i h ^ i 2.ZThamgiasuki^
23.Xiydungviphit tii&i cic quan h$
2.4. Lim vi#c h ^ tic
2.5. Cic kl ning thuong lu^ng, hda giii
2.6. C i c ki n i n g khudc tCr, chdi tCr k h i c i n
2.7. Quin II v i giii quy&xungd^t 2.8. Tim kilm v i cung c i p SI; hd xnf ngudi khic
G i i i q u y ^ t v J n d J v i ra quyet djnh
p h i n tog 1. G i i i q u y A v i n d 4 X H
1.1. N h i n thdc duoc v i n ai xa hOi cda mlnh
1.2. Phin tich tinh hudng v i bdi cinh 1 J . Giii quy6 vin d«
1.4. Dinh gii cich l i m v i kA qui 1.5. Suy n g i m , pM p h i n v i dmh hudng l^i
1.6. Chju trich n h i ^ c i nhin, t r i c h n h i ^ d^o dOrc v i x i h$i 2. Ra quyft dinh phin Omg vdi hoin cinh
2.1. Tir duy da phucmginviphin k)
22. DM doin hiu q u i hoic nhCfng lite h^ phg thu^c khic nhau 23.Ti^pnhin,xCrll v i quin 11 thdng tin 2.4. Ap dung thdng tin trong suy ngh? vi phin doin si/vi^c 23. Ra quy^ djnh d\f phdng hay phdng ngda
4. To chufc ndi dung d cac cap hoc
Cic nhdm thanh to nang liic xa hoi chgng (mot dang g i i trj khii q u i t trong no! dung hoc van pho thdng) tam thdi cd the duoc to chCfc trong chuong trinh giio due cac cap hoc theo logic ddng tim.
Tit c l nhOmg thanh t6 nay d^u can thiet cho moi hoc sinh pho thdng, chi khac nhau d mufc do thiic hi^n trong thifc t^ v l chieu sau, do on djnh cOa dinh hudng gia trj. 20 thanh to nly deu phli dUgfc the hien trong hoc van pho thdng. Chung tdi chon phuong an to chufc noi dung theo Khung quan he x l hdi.
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4.1. Noi dung h9c vin . pho thong ciia Giao due
cor$*
The hi&n trong mdi trUdng gin gui dja phuong NhCrng quy tic, tip quin cythe
Trong pham vl hoc tip, ddi song gia dinh, cdng c^ng dia phuong
Tim nhin den tuong lai gin nhU: hoc tip, chpn nghe.
Trong ph?im vi mdi trudng gin gui dja phuong Ngudn c^i ddng hp qu§
huong
Cim nhin nhufng inh hudng de thiy v i tri/c tiep Cim nhin nhCfng inh hudng de thiy va true tiep Trong ddi song xa hoi qudc gia
Trong cong ddng gin gui, dia phuong
Tdn trong thuc sif va biet qui gii
Vdi cac quan he va sir kien xa hoi gin gui, true tiep d dia phuong
Cic vin de dao dure, phip luit trong ddi xd vdi mdi trudng v i moi ngudi xung quanh
Trong cic quan hf hoc tip, gia dinh, sinh hoat c i nhin, ban b^
Cic xung ddt tUOng ufng vdi liifa tu6i v i vdi trong nhCfng quan h$ die trUng eda \<ia tudi
Ra quyet cHnh v i giii quy^t vin d^ xa hdi cd tinh eye bp vdi Sif ho trp cda ngudi Idn Nim bit v i sd dgng cd ich y ^nh v i hinh ddng ho trp cda ban b^, ngudi thin, nhi trudng
Quan h$ x i hpi phCi hpp vdi die trung Ida tudi v i trong mdi trudng gin gui dja phuong
4.2. Noi dung hoc vin phi thdng sau Giio d^c cat sd
Thi hi^n trong mdi trudng xa h$i rpng Idn
NhCfng qui tic, tip quin khii quit
Md rdng hon trong mpi mdi trudng xa hOi r$ng Idn
Tim nhin din tuong lai xa din khi trudng thinh v i lao ddng nghl nghif p
Thi hifn trong mdi trudng x i hdi rdng Idn
T6 qudc, qudc gia, din tdc, t h i gidi
Cim nhin siu sic v i vCfng chic
Cim nhin siu sic v i vCfng chic
Trong ddi song qudc gia v i qudetl
Trong cdng ddng qudc gia v i qudc te xung quanh Tdn trpng thuc su va biet qui gia
Vdi cac quan he va su ki^n xa hdi qudc gia v i qudc t l rdng Idn
Vdi mpi vin d l cda hda blnh v i phit triln bin vCrng eda dit nude v i loii ngUdi
Trong cic quan h$ chinh trj, x i hdi, vin hda, kinh t l cda dit nude
Cic xung ddt da dang trong cudc sdng c i nhin, gia dinh, quan h^xa hdi ngUdi Idn
Ra quylt djnh v i giii quylt vin d i xa hdi da dang mdt cich dpe lip
Nim bit v i sd dgng cd ich t i t c i cic ngudn ho trp tCrxi hOi v i ngudi khie
Quan hf x i hOi rOng Idn v i trong nhCfng hoin cinh khic nhau d ph^m vi toin qudc
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20
Hpc t i p d l phit triln c i nhin v i vl tUong lai thinh cdng gin
Lim v i ^ nhdm v i cdng tic trong hpc tip, vui choi, sinh hoat, giii tri trong hoin cinh eg t h i gin gui
Hpc t i p d l phit trien ca nhin v i vl tuong lai ci ddi mlnh
Lim vi?c nhdm v i cdng tie trong mpi Unh vgc mi mlnh tham gia d cic hoin cinh khie nhau
5. Ket luan
5.1. Ning life x l hdi gdm 20 thinh to khic nhau v l cd nhCfng mCfc 6g th^ hien tuy thudc vIo lufa tuoi hoc sinh ph6 thdng. Od I I d i l u ein lifu y trong phit trien chuong trinh giio due.
5.2. Ning life xa hdi duoc hieu theo nghTa thife ti^n, ehuf khdng phli theo nghTa t i m If hoc. No I I sif the hien tich hop cic sifc manh t i m If, sinh hoc v l x l hdi eCia eon ngudi trong cle quan h§ eija con ngudi vdi nhOfng hien tifong, qua trinh x l hdi.
5.3. Ning life x l hdi I I bd phan quan trong khdng th^ thieu trong ndi dung hoe van pho thdng v l d l y chfnh I I khiu yeu nhit trong cle chuong trinh giio due d nifde ta trude day m l ngly nay can phli triet de khic phuc.
TAILIIUTHAMKHAO
1. Amy G. Halbestadt, Susanne A. Denham, Julie C. Dunsmore (2001). Affective Social Competence, North Carolina State University, USA
2. Goleman, Daniel (1998) Working with Emotional Intelligence; Bloomsbury
3. Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence, Apr 06, 2001 by Janet A. Welsh, Ph.D. and Karen L.
Bierman, Ph.D. The Pennsylvania State University 4. German Council for Social and Economic Data (2009). Measuring Social Competencies. Working Paper No 58
5. A! Davis (2009). Building Social Competencies.
Kansas State University Research and Extension.
USA
SUMMARY
Social skills are important content of the general school knowledge, and according to the author this is the weakest part of the old school curriculum. In this article, the author gives concepts of social skills, analysis of social skill framework by school children and proposes the content of social skill for all levels ofschool.
KHOAH9CGiAODUC«3