NGHIEN CUU
RESEARCH
Nang cao vai tro cua nguoi lao ddng trong viec cai thi^n dieu kien lam viec tai doanh nghiep
Nguyen Thi Minh Huong
Khoa Oiian tri kinh doanh, Dai hoc Kinh t^ Ky thuat Cong nghiep
Trude nhtrng biln doi manh me cfla mdi trudng kinh doanh cflng nhu d l ddi mtit vdi egnh franh gay git tu eic dd'i thfl, mdi doanh nghiep ludn phii khdng ngiing tim ra nhting phuong thfle boat ddng vdi do Iinh hoat hon dl dip flng nhu ciu ngay eang eao efla thi trudng. Dl lim duoe diiu dd, khdng thi thidu sy tham gia cfla ngudi lao ddng. Bing cich tao diiu ki|n cho ngudi lao ddng ehfl ddng tham gia vao qua trinh cai Uiidn mdi Irudng va diiu kidn lim vide, doanh nghiep cd thi khai thie dupe nguon lyc vi khi nang doi dio cfla ngudi lao ddng.
1. Cai thien Sieu icien iam viec: chuyen iihdng chi cua doanh nghiep va nha quin iy
Thye td chi ra ring, eon ngudi chfl khdng phii nhting cd may quydt dinh hidu qui hay sy thinh edng eua mpt to ehue. Vai trd cfla ngudi lao ddng li khdng thi phfl nhan, day ehinh la ylu td ea bin tao ndn sflc manh vi sue canh tranh efla doanh nghiep. Cai thien diiu kidn lao ddng d l giup ngudi iao ddng nang cao nang suit va hieu qua lao ddng, nhung ehinh bin than ngudi lao ddng eflng la ylu td tieh eye tham gia vio cie hoat ddng cii thidn niy.
Moi trudng, diiu kidn lam vide eua doanh nghiep duge thd hien d nhilu tieu chi nhu mue dp d nhidm mdi trudng (dd byi, khi ddc, dd 6n, inh sang...), mfle dd an toin (thiet bi an toin, thiet hi lao dgng phuc vu san xuit vi dam bao sue khde eho ngudi lao dpng...), quy trinh sin xuat vi may mdc thill bi thuin lpi eho eac thao tie cfla ngudi lao dpng, bd tri nhi xudng hgp ly, td chuc edng vide va phflc lgi eho ngudi lao ddng....Mdi doanh nghiep se cd diiu kien lam vide khae nhau. Nhin ehung, mdi trudng vi diiu kien lim vi|c trong phan ldn c i e doanh nghiep van edn nhung bit cap nhit djnh, inh hudng din sflc khde ngudi lao ddng cung nhung nang suit lao ddng eua hp. Cii thien dieu kidn lam viee li ydu ciu tat ydu vi thudng xuyen trong eic doanh nghiep.
Diiu kidn lam viee tdt hay khdng tdt, phu hpp hay khdng phfl hgp eho thay sy quan tim thieh ding hay khdng thich dang cfla chfl doanh nghi|p cflng nhu sy quan tam efla doanh nghiep ddi vol ngudi lao ddng.
Tuy nhidn ngudi lao ddng la ngudi lim vide tryc tilp frong mdi trudng vi didu kidn lam vide niy nen se cd duge dinh gia ehinh xac nhat vl ehil lugng eung nhu de xuat nhflng giai phap thill thyc nhat de cd lhl cai lhi|n diiu kien niy. Hay ndi cieh khie, eai thien diiu kien lim vide khdng ehi la viec efla docinh nghidp hay
O ^ K I N H T ^ C H A U A - T H A I B I N H D U O N G ( T H A N E 5 / EQ 1 g j
cfla cie nha quin ly m i cdn cin eo sy tham gia cua ehinh nhflng ngudi lao ddng,
2. Tai sao can co su tham gia cua nguoi lao dong?
Thu hut ngudi lao ddng, dac bidt la nhflng ngirdi cdng nhan tryc tidp sdn xuit tham gia vio qui trinh cii tidn diiu kien lim viee, diiu niy sd dem Igi nhilu lpi ieh. Khi ngudi lao dOng hiiu rd vl hd thdng may mde, quy trinh cflng nhu phuong phip lim viec, hp se khdng ehi van hinh tdt hon ma sd tgo sy gin kit vdi edng viec va ddng ea lam viec se cao hon tu dd nang suit se duoe nang cao hon.
Khi doanh nghidp quydt dinh dau tu mdt he thdng miy mdc mdi hay thye hien nhflng thay doi cin thilt trong quy Irinh sin xuat, su Iham gia efla ngudi lao dgng vio qua trinh niy sd dem lai nhflng lgi ieh thill thuc. Trudc hit, nguoi lao ddng chinh la nguon thdng tin rit gii tri, hp li nhflng "ehuyen gia" tai ncri lim viec, li ngudi thdng hiiu nhat vl eic logi nguyen li^u, may mde, dung cu vi quy Irinh s i n xuat. Tgo eo hdi eho ngudi Igo ddng thgm gia vao qui trinh eai tien, hp se ed nhilu •^ tudng hay vi huu ich doi vdi doanh nghilp.
Ngoii ra, vide eho ngudi lao ddng tham gia vio qua trinh eii thidn niy, hg se thay duoe sy eoi frgng cflng nhu sy quan tam cfla n h i quin ly ddi vdi hp, tu dd hp se cd tiich nhidm nhiet Hnh hon trong vide thye hien, linh hogt va sin sang chip nhan nhflng khd khan thieh thfle.
Sy tham gig eflg ngudi lao ddng vio eic vin d l eai tiln mdi trudng lam vide cflng li yeu td quan Irong trong viec thfle diy mdi quan hd giua nhi quin ly va ngudi lao ddng, giua ngudi lao ddng vdi nhau. Ngucri Iao ddng ed su tin tudng hon vio nha quin Iy vi doanh nghidp, cim thay dupe sy tin tudng cfla doanh nghidp dd'i vol minh, tu dd cflng lao dupe long tmng thinh,
su cam kdt gin bd liu dii cfla cfla ngudi lao ddng vdi doanh nghidp.
3. Lam the npo de thu hut nguoi iao dong tham gia cai thien dieu iiien lam viec tai doanh nghiep?
Mdt doanh nghidp ed thi van hinh dugc nhit thidt phii cd su lidn kdt kit gifla nhi quan ly v i ngudi Iao ddng, giua ngudi lao dgng vdi nhau. Thdng tin la mpt phin quan trpng Irong e i c mdi lien he niy, ylu td quan trpng vi eo b i n trong cieh thu hflt ngudi lao ddng vao trong cie boat ddng. Trong doanh nghidp, ed thi 6 mdt sd bp phan da hinh thanh nhflng nhdm ngudi lao ddng nhi|t tinh, hang hii cd khi nang ty Udn kit, gdp y vi tim ra cie giii phip eho q u i trinh thay ddi. D€ "Idi keo" ngudi lao ddng tham gia vio qui tiinh cii thien diiu kien lao dgng va ning cao nang suit Iao ddng, ein phii xic dinh duoc nen tap tmng vio khiu n i o va diu ia nhtrng vin d l thyc sy cin giii quylt nhit. Ndn bit diu "thu hflt" tfl nhting ngudi Iao ddng hang hii n h i t . Vide chip nhan sy thay ddi ia qui trinh didn ra tfl tfl vi khiu cii tidn sd dupe dua din vio khi ed co hgi va nhu ciu doi mdi. Dl eo dupe sy tham gia vi flng hO cfla ngudi Iao ddng vio qua trinh thay ddi, cin dya trdn mdt sd nguydn tie eo b i n sau:
(1) Cung e i p diy dfl thdng Un vl doanh nghidp:
Diy la bude co bin diu tidn frong viec tao sy gin kit gifla ngudi Iao ddng vdi doanh nghidp, ngudi lao ddng duoc eung eip diy dfl thdng tin vl doanh nghidp khdng ehi hiiu rd tinh hinh ma cdn cd dugc eim giie dugc quan tam, ldn trong. NhOng thdng Un eung eip eho ngudi iao ddng phii bao gdm ca thdng tin lot vi tin xiu nhu Uln dg cac hpp ddng, hgp ddng bi Iri Igi, thdng tin tinh hinh kinh doanh lii id, vd ehi sd nang suit lao ddng eao, thip (so vdi ky trudc)... Viec cung eip thdng tin ehinh thdng se dep tan sy lan tmyln thdng tin khdng chinh xie, giflp ngudi lao dpng tin tudng va cflng ed y thflc cd gang cflng doanh nghiep khi khd khin. Tfly ttmg loai thdng Un cd lhl lya ehpn dua Idn bing tin cdng cdng, idn website doanh nghiep hoac eic nhdm sinh hoat chung trdn mgng x i hdi....
Thdng tin cung e i p cho ngudi lao ddng phii thudng xuydn dupe eip nhat, chinh xac vi eu lhl.
(2) Trao ddi vdi ngucri lao ddng khi cd nhting thay ddi: Dd'i vdi bat efl sy thay ddi n i o Irong doanh nghiep, nen ed thdng b i o vdi ngudi lao ddng, dac bidt l i nhtrng ngudi chiu i n h hudng khi thyc hien nhting thay ddi niy.
Td chue cie cude hgp vdi nguai Iao ddng vi giii thieh ly do cflng nhu cie bude se Ihye hidn. Dl nghj vi cho ngudi lao ddng thdi gian de dua ra cae y kiln vl nhtrng d l xuit Uiay ddi. Thdng qua eic buoi hpp niy, doanh nghidp eo thi thu thap dupe y kiln efla ngudi lao ddng, giii thieh eho ngudi lao dpng hiiu vi tu dd cd thi ban chd nhting phin ung lidu eye tfl phia nguoi lao ddng do ho cd thi lo ling vl viec mit viee lim, giim Iuong, ho|ie lim vide khd khan hon, bi giim
sit nhilu hon
Thdng qua to chflc cdng doan, tao diiu kidn eho ngudi Iao dgng tham gia nhilu hem vio xiy dyng v i thyc hien e i c thay ddi
(3) Lay y kidn dinh gia efla ngudi Iao ddng vl noi lam viee: Cai thien diiu kien lao dgng trude hit phii hieu rd dieu kien Iao dgng hien lai dang d mue dd nio? Vi y kiln efla ngudi lao dpng la dinh gii ehinh xie nhit diiu kien lao ddng niy. Dinh ky liy dinh gii eua ngudi Iao ddng thdng qua e i e b i n Udu ehuan dinh gii, hudng dan ngudi lao ddng diln vio cac bin danh gia nay. Dac biet, khi xay dyng bin tidu ehuin dinh gii can tham khao y kiln cfla ngudi Iao ddng vl c i e tieu ehi sfl dung.
Tao diiu kien cho ngudi lao dgng cd ca hgi trinh biy y kiln cfla minh vl nhting van de liln quan ddn diiu kidn lao ddng thdng qua vide dat eho hg nhting cau hdi, tfl nhting van d l don gian nhu " phdng lim vide ed du inh sing?" "thdi gian nghi giua ca ed phfl hgp?" din nhtmg van dd phflc tgp hon nhu vl vin d l phue lpi hay thill k l quy trinh sin xuit...Nhung eiu hdi nhu viy sd giflp ngudi lao ddng tham gia ddng gdp tu nhien vi hieu qui. Vi quan trpng hon li, khi d i cd dupe sy ddng gdp efla ngudi lao ddng phii thye sy quan tim den cie ddng gdp dd, phii cd ddng thii giii quylt eie van de, neu khdng giii quylt duoe phii giii thich eho ngudi Iao dpng hieu va thdng eim cflng doanh nghiep.
(4) Thue hien thay ddi theo tung budc nhd: Vide Iiy y kidn ddng gdp efla ngudi lao ddng vl diiu kidn lao ddng se giflp doanh nghiep ed nhung thay ddi theo hudng tich eye hon. Tuy nhidn, vide thay ddi niy khdng nhat thiet phii Uen hanh cung Ifle, dong loat tren didn rdng m i ed the Udn hinh theo tung budc d ttmg bd phin. Lap ra nhflng ke hoach nho vdi cie budc thuc hien d l ding, d l thyc hien vi dd kiem soit. Viec liln hinh thay ddi theo ttmg budc nhd sd giflp ngudi lao ddng eim thay d l thue hien, d l thiy duoe kit qui thay vi phii ehd thcri gian dii mdi thiy kdt qui. Nhtmg d l xuat eua ngudi Iao ddng dupe thyc hi|n sd giflp ngudi Iao ddng thay doi suy nghi vl ning lue vio vai trd efla hp tai noi lim viec, giflp hp eim thiy ty lin giii quylt nhilu vin d l phue tgp va khd khan hon sau nay.
(5) Thanh lip dpi ngfl ngudi lao ddng ehu chdt, thu hflt su tham gia efla tat ca ngudi lao ddng: Vide Uln hinh liy y kidn vl diiu kien lao dpng ndn thyc hidn rdng rai trong loan bp ngudi Iao ddng. Giflp eho lit e i ngirdi Iao dpng diu hiiu vl y nghia, mue dich cfla nhting thay doi nham eii thidn dieu kidn niy. Tuy nhidn, vide thye hidn liy y kiln va tien hanh nhflng thay ddi ndn dupe thyc hien thdng qua mdt nhdm nhflng ngudi lao ddng tieh cyc, nhiet tinh lim ban dgi dien cho ngudi lao dpng. Nhdm nhan vidn chfl chdt niy se tgo ra dien dan thu hflt ddng dao ngudi Iao dgng khic tham gia vao qui trinh eii thidn diiu kidn lao ddng.
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NGHI i N c u u (6) Cung cap chuong trinh d i o tao phu hgp: Cie chuong trinh d i o tao se eung cap them nhting kidn thflc cho nguoi Iao dgng, ngudi lao dgng duge eung eip thdng tin vi dao tao nhiing ky ning ein thiet sd ed nhflng ddng gdp ehit lupng cho qui Wnh thay ddi dieu kidn lam vide lgi dognh nghiep. Cd dao tao sd giflp ngudi Iao ddng hidu rd nhtrng mdi nguy hilm ed thi xiy ra tgi noi Iam vide vi nang eao nang lyc cho nguoi lao dgng frong viee gdp phin giim thieu vi logi trii eie nguy hilm dd. Diiu kien lao dgng efla doanh nghidp se dupe eii thien nhd nhting ddng gdp niy. Tuy nhidn, ein phii kit hop chat ehd gifla dao tao vi hogt ddng thye tl. Dio igo chi thyc sy cd hieu qui khi gin liln cie ndi dung dao tao vdi eic hogt ddng thyc tl.
(7) Lam cho cdng vide efla ngudi Iao ddng ed y nghia: Cii thidn diiu kien Iam viee khdng ehi don thuin l i cai thidn vl cie ylu td mdi trudng vat chil.
Lam eho ngudi lao ddng eim thay thoii mii vl tinh thin v i e i m thay edng viec cd y nghia hon sd gop phin quan trgng vio vide eii thidn nang suit v i chit lugng lao ddng, giao cho hp nhting cdng vide tuong xflng vdi nhting ky ning vi kinh nghidm efla hp. Tin ludng v i giao eho hp nhting vide quan trgng m i hg ed the d i m nhiem. Lim phong phu edng vide eho nhan vidn se dem lgi Ipi ieh thidt thye. Ngudi Iao dgng dupe coi trpng, dupe danh gii cao se eing nd lye hoan thidn minh hon vi ed nhtrng ddng gdp hidu qui hon
Bi lam duge diiu niy, nha quin ly can phii hieu vl nhin vidn efla minh. Phii bidt dupe ngudi lao ddng dang d thang bac nhu eiu n i o d l ed nhiing kieh thieh va nhting thay ddi hidu qui. Day li eich ning eao mue do hai Idng v i ning eao nang suit ma khdng tdn kim nhilu ehi phi.
(8) Td chuc lam vide theo nhdm, giam sy giim sit ddi vdi ngudi lao ddng: Td chflc c i e nhdm lim vi|c b i n ty quan hay ty quin eflng l i hinh thtrc cii thien diiu kien lim vide. Ngudi lao ddng duge giao quyin ty quan, tu giim sat se c i m thiy duge tin tudng hon. Ttr do cung ed tic dyng ning cao su hai long cfla ngu6i Iao ddng dd'i vdi eie edng viec
Tdm lai, cii thien dieu kidn lam viec tfl dd ning eao nang suit lao ddng l i vide lim ddi hdi phii ed sy phdi hgp chit ehd gifla doanh nghidp v i ngudi Iao dgng trong dd ngudi lao ddng ddng vai trd vd cung quan trpng. Qua trinh niy ddi hdi sy no lyc trong tiidi gian dai. Nhting quy trinh lao ddng, thdi quen hay tiiai do lao ddng da thiet lip tu liu khdng dd ding thay doi dupe, nhit l i khdng thi thay ddi bing nhtrng menh Idnh hay quy dinh m i khdng dupe sy flng h0 vi tham gia tu phia ngudi lao ddng. Ning cao vai trd cfla ngudi lao dpng, ttmg budc dua ngudi lao ddng thcim gia vao q u i trinh cii thidn dieu kidn lim vide sd giflp doanh nghidp dgt mye Udu mong mudn./.
Thanh toan khong dung tien mat..
Tiep theo trang 83
bing the, bang ngan hing dien hi edn rit ban ehd. Vi vay can cd ehiln lupe dau tu trii rdng dd mpi ngudi din ed the tilp cin dugc phuong tien thanh toin niy.
Thu ba la cin thay doi thdi quan tidu tiln mat efla ngudi dan. Vide Ihay ddi niy cflng ein ed thdi gian bdi day li thdi quen liu ddi cfla ngudi din Vidt Nam. Ngay e i d eac nudc phit triln nhu Nhat Bin, My thi ty le thanh toin bing liln mat vin luong dd'i Idn. Vi vay, d l thay ddi thdi quen cfla ngudi tidu dung thi can diy mgnh tmyen Ihdng hon nfla dd ngudi din thiy dugc tidn ich cua vide thanh loin khdng dflng Uln mit.
Ngoai ra, giii phip quan Irgng khic li diy mgnh tmyln thdng, nang eao hieu bill cfla nguoi dflng dieh vy vl viee sfl dyng giao dieh an toin vdi the vi ngin hing dien tfl. Theo dd, ean tmyln thdng dd khieh hing ning cao y thfle bao vd thi ca nhan v i tii khoin ngin hing dien tu ea nhin, tu viec dat password cfla intemet banking hoie lhl eho den vide ehgn website uy tin d l giao dich.
4. Ket luan
Trong thdi dai eieh mang khoa hge edng nghd bflng nd, vide sfl dung cie cdng nghi ky Ihuit sd, tu didn
5 4 KINH Tt CHAU A - THA, BINH D.,m.l3 <THANG 5 / Z O 1 9)
thogi thdng minh vi thilt bi deo tay, d i n tri tud nhin tao vi xe hoi khdng ngudi lii, dang nhanh chdng ehuyin ddi cich thfle ngucri din thanh phd mua sim, du Uch va sinh sdng. Hoat dgng thanh toin didn tfl ndi rieng va thanh toin khdng dung tiln mat ndi chung cfla Viet Nam edn nhilu tiim ning ehua dugc khai thie hdt. Hy vpng vdi quydt tim efla Chinh Phfl, nd lye efla loan nganh Ngin hang vi sy ddi mdi trong tu duy cfla nguoi din frong tuong lai khdng xa Vidt Nam sd dgt duoc mue Udu trd Ihanh n l n kinh td khdng Uln mat./.
Tai lieu tham khao
Bio eao chi sd thuong mai di|n tfl Vidt Nam 2017 Quylt dinh Sd: 291/2006/QD-TTg cfla Thfl tudng chinh phfl "Phd duydt Dl i n thanh toin khdng dflng tiln mat giai doan 2006 — 2010 vi dinh hudng din nam 2()20 tai Vidt Nam"
Quydt dinh 2545/2016/QD-TTg Phd duyet dd in phit triln thanh toin khdng dflng tiln mat tgi Vidt Nam giai doan 2016-2020