Ncf be than Song Hong:
PHAI THlf NGHIEM THAN TRQNG vA CHAC CHAN
Khai thac be than dong bang Song Hong (DBSH) de gop phan dap uTng diTdc yeu cau ve an ninh nang lifdng quoc gia, tuy nhien vdi dieu Iden dia chat thuy van, dia chat cong trinh rat phuTc tap, lai nam diidi vung dong bang trii phu, dan cU dong due, co truyen thong van hoa lau ddi, viec khai thac va phat trien be than DBSH nhat thiet phai CO nhiirng bUdc di than trong va chac chan.
TS. TRUONG Dljrc Dif - Pho Vien trUdng Vien Klioa lioc Cong nghe M6 - Vinacomin
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^ tien hanh khai ^ V | \ l ^ "•"*• ^°"s i"^ trinh tim kiem
r tl,i.. A.,..!.. tU,., t-.: l,i ^ ' ' t h a m do dau l<hi, cac nha dia chat
# • t h a c dUtfC t h a n t a i b e " ^ nudc ta cung v a cac chuyen gia Lien X6 da p h i t hien ed than trong tram tfeh Neogen eCia mien vdng chau thd Sdng Hdng, vdi dfl b i o trU Iflpng tiem nang cd the len tdi hang chuc ty tan.
Ke tfl do, mpt sd phflong an tim kiem khio sat than DBSH da dfloc tien hanh.
Gan day nhat, trong giai doan 1998 - 2002, Tdng edng ty Than Viet Nam (nay la Tap doan Cdng nghiep Than - Khoang san Viet Nam) da phdi hop vdi cac chuyen gia cua Td chflc Phit trien Nang Iflpng mdi Nhat Ban (NEDO) tien hanh phflong an khao sit clc khu vfle Hflng Yen, Thai Binh va mdt phan H I Ndi. Dfl I n da Ifla chon huyen Khoai Chau - Hflng Yen de tim kiem t i mi va tham dd so bd.
Song, cho den nay viec tham dd than
Di
I hanh khai : dUcic than tai t than DBSH, bat buoc phai CO nhufng danh gia ti
mi ve dieu kien dia chat, tir do mdi de xuat xem -^^xet cong nghe khai ^
y^ thac. ^5 r
vung OBSH chfl yeu cdn d mUc "tim kiem", sd li#u v^ trfl Iflpng than cung chfla cd con sd chinh xic.
Trong cudc Hdi t h i o cua Hdi Khoa hpc Cdng nghe Md Viet Nam dflde td chile hdi nam n g o i ! d Thinh phd Ha Long (Quing Ninh), cd sfltham gia eua mdtsd chuyen gia dia chat nganh dau khi, con sd ve trfl luong than dfloc dfla ra la 210 ty tan. Tuy nhien, trfl Ifldng dja chat vl trfl Iflong cd kha nang khai thac la hai khai niem h o i n t o i n khac nhau. Theo danh g i l cua nhieu chuyen gia khai thac, trfl Iflong k h i khai d vung than DBSH da khoang 30 - 40 ty tan.
Cd the ndi, t f l khi phat hi&n ra cd than dudi OBSH, van de l i m the nao khai thic dfloc ngudn tai nguyen nly de phuc vy cho loi (ch cfla d i t nflde ludn thudng trifi trong gidi chuyen gia n g i n h than [ ^ rieng va nganh nang luong ndi ehung.:
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Tuy nhien, vdi dieu kifn dia c h i t thuy van, dja chat cdng trinh rat phflc tap, lai nSm dfldi vung ddng b i n g tru phu, d i n cfl ddng due, cd truyen thdng v l n hoa Ilu ddi, viec khai t h i c v l p h i t trien be than BBSH nhat thiet p h l i cd nhflng bfldc di than trpng v l chic chin, de the he tuong lai khdng phai nhan lay nhflng Inh hfldng tieu cfle t f l vifc l i m eua chung ta hdm nay.
Nlm 2008, nhiem vu lap mdt de I n p h i t trien be than OBSH dflpc da dflpc thflc hien bdi Cdng ty Nang Iflpng Sdng Hdng (thudc Vinacomin). Khi de I n duoc dfla ra, da cd su trao ddi v l tranh luan tfl cae bd, ban, nganh lien quan. Oieu do da md ra cho eae nha hoaeh dinh chinh sach rat nhieu van de can phai gili quyet trfldc khi di den quyet dinh viee khai thac.
Nhin mdt elch tdng quan, viec tham dd, dlnh gia ri mi be than OBSH la rat can thiet. Trudc tien, viec lam dd cho phep nlng cap trfl luong tai nguyen than va lam tien de cho cae nghien cflu Ifla chon clc cdng nghe khai thac phfl hpp.
Ben canh do, theo clc b i o eao tham dd hien cd, dieu kien dja chat, dja chat thuy van, dja ehat cdng trinh d khu vfle be than OBSH dupe danh gia la rat phflc tap. Cd bao d o eho ring, neu khai thae ham Id, lupng nude binh quan chiy vao khu vuc khai thie cd the len tdi 20.000 m3/gid. Vdi mdt luong nudc khdng Id nhfl the chiy vao thi viee khai thic dudng nhu II khdng the va da cd nhflng hoai nghi vdi tai lieu cd sd lifu nay.
Qua ddthayrlng,detien hinh khai thic dupe than tai be than OBSH, b i t bupc phli cd nhflng danh g i l ti mi ve dieu kifn dja chat, tfl dd mdi de xuat xem xet cdng nghe khai thac.
Mat khac, viee tham dd tl mi than toan bd dien tich vung ddng bing chiu thd Sdng Hdng ddi hdi phli cd mdt ke hoaeh dli hoi v l tdn kem. Do dd, viec nghien cflu lua chon cdng nghf khai thac phu hop cung can p h l i tien hinh song song, tham chi tien hanh trudc, de d l n h g i l tinh k h i thi cua viec khai thac than tai be than OBSH. Trong trfldng hpp ehua lUa ehon dflpc phflong I n khai thac phu hpp, thi tfnh cap thiet cua viec tham dd tl mi ndi tren cung khdng cdn y nghia.
Vi viy, de g i l i quylt van de nly, ben canh mdt ke hoach tham dd t o i n vung
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Co the noi, tir khi phat hien ra co than ducfi DBSH, v^n de lam the nao khai thac diTOc nguon tai nguyen nay de phuc vu cho lori ich cua dat midc luon thudng trUc trong g)6i chuyen gia nganh than noi rieng va nganh nang liTofng noi chung. • •
OBSH mang tinh dai hoi (neu cd), viec can thiet p h l i l i m ngay la can cd mdt don vj dupe cap vdn va dflng ra tien hanh tham dd t i mi mdt khu vfle dupe lua chgn, cd so lieu dang tin cay nhat.
Sau do, lap bao cao trinh len Hdi ddng trfllupng quoc gia xem xet va phe duyet.
Khi bao eao dd dUpc phe duyet, nd se trd thanh tai lieu de cung cap cho don vi tu van, nghien cflu de xuat cdng nghe khai t h i c v l rien hanh lap mdt dfl I n khai thac thfl nghiem.
Tren co sd ket q u i cua du an khai thac thfl nghiem, mdi ed ket luan ve cdng nghe khai thac phu hop, cong suat md va clc chl tieu kmh te - ky thuat khac. Tfl dd, mdi ed eo sd tfnh toan md rpng ra cac khu vfle khic, ddng thdi tinh toan quy hoach dflpc mot cich bai b i n sin luong khai thae lau dai cua be than OBSH trong Quy hoach nang lupng qudc gia.
Trong dieu kien eae thdng rin ve dja chat md cdn rat han ehe, eac nha khoa hpc Viet Nam v l nhflng ngudi cd kinh nghiem v^ khai thae md dang de xuat xem xet 2 phuong an cdng nghe khai thic II: khai thac ham Id; va khi hda than ngam. Cho den thdi diem nay, c l hai phuong I n khai thic tren van dang dupe tranh luan, vi dieu kifn dau vao cua clc via than tai day van chua rd rang nen chua the Ifla chon phuong an nao la tdi Uu cho viee khai thae than dday.
Vdi phuong an thfl nhat, chung ta d l ed nhieu kinh nghiem trong khai thae than tai vung than Quing Ninh, tuy nhien khi I p dung phflong an nay can xem xet den clc dac diem rieng eua be than OBSH nhU: dieu kifn dia chat ky thuat md het sflc phflc tap, dp siu khai t h i c I d n .
Vdi phflong an thfl hai, b i n chat cua cdng nghe la khoan cac Id khoan xudng Idng dat, tao clc dieu kien dot chiy via than trong Idng dat d mdi trfldng yem
khf, ket qua la san smh ra khf tdng hpp va dflpc thu hdi qua clc Id khoan. Khi tdng hpp I I san pham cua qua trinh nay cd mang theo nhift nlng, phu hop de cung cap cho clc n h i may nhiet dien, hoae nha may san xuat phin dam, hda chat, eung cd the dflpc l i m giau de thay the khf t u nhien, hoac hda long de ehe tao benzin.
Phuang an thfl hai dflpc danh gia I I cd nhieu Uu diem. Mpt trong sd do la k h i nang g i l i phdng ngudi lao ddng khdi clc cdng vifc nlng nhoe dudi Idng dat.
Nhupc diem Idn nhat cua phuong an nly la su phu thupc rat Idn vio dieu kifn dja chat cua tflng khu vfle khai thic. Do do, tren the gidi da ed mdt sd nflde thanh cdng vdi cdng nghe khai thie nly, nhung cung cd nhieu thfl nghif m that bai hole khdng dem lai hifu q u i . Ben canh dd, vdi cdng nghe khi hda than ngam, chung ta hoan toan chfla cd kinh nghif m.
Trong c l hai phuang I n , can xem xet Inh hudng sut lun, bien dang be mat, hole thay ddi che dp nude mat, nude ngim, gay tac ddng ed hai den mdi trfldng xung quanh v l ddi sdng x l hdi eua ngfldi d i n vung OBSH.
Vi vay, ca hai phflong I n ndi tren c i n dupc xem xet Ifla chpn mpt each than trpng. Viec rien hanh thfl nghiem phflong an khdng chi can lam rd dupc tfnh kha thi cda edng nghe, ma edn danh gia dflpc cae nguy eo gay I n h hudng tieu eflc den mdi trfldng.
Viec khai t h i c be than DBSH vfla dap utigdupcyeu cau vean ninh nang Iflong qudc gia, lai p h l i bao dam khdng gay sut lfln c l viJng OBSH lam anh hudng tdi mdi trfldng va an ninh luong thuc... Van de nay dang rat can sUvIo cudc eua Nhi nflde de xay dung mdt du I n thfl nghiem, thao gd khd khan va day nhanh tien dp tham dd, thfl nghif m khai thic d be than OBSH.
N A N C L U O N G VIET N A M Sn I O I H I C irii.i,,
