T A P CHI H 6 A H Q C T. 50(6) 673-678 T H A N G 12 N A M 2012
T6NG HOT MOT S 6 CHAT L6NG ION DANG BISUNPHAT
U'NG DUNG D £ T A C H LU'U HUYNH TRONG D A U DIESEL
B u i T h i L9 T h u y
Dgi hgc Mo Dfo chdt, Dong Nggc, Tu Liem, Ha Ngi Den T d a sogn 29-11-2011
A b s t r a c t
Bisulfate based Ionic liquids (IL), viz. n-butyl methylimidazolium hydrosulfale ([BMIM][HS04]) and n-butyl pyridinium hydrosulfale ([BPy][ HSO:,]) were synthesized and used as solvents for extraction of sulfur compounds in diesel oil. It was showed thai sulfur extraction yield of n-butyl methyl imidazolium hydrosulfale is slightly higher than that of M-butyl pyridinium hydrosulfale. The sulliir extraction yields of 98.5% and 96% were observed after 6 repeatedly extraction processes when using those two ionic liquids (30''C, volume ratio of ionic liquid to oil is 1:1). Extraction process was performed at low temperature and under atmosphere pressure, no hydrogen pressure is need. After regenerating by extraction with suitable solvents, ionic liquids were reused with a minor reduce in desulftirization extraction ability.
Keywords: Ionic liquids, desulfurization, diesel oil, n-butyl pyridinium hydrosulfale, n-butyl imidazolium hydrosulfale.
1. M O D A U
Trong dau m d ludn tdn tgi cac h p p chat c h u a luu huynh. Cac chat nay la nhirng chat khdng m o n g muon trong qua trinh c h e bien c u n g n h u sir d u n g dau md va cac san p h a m ciia nd. L u u huynh trong dau thd, khi che bien se gay an m d n thiet bj, gay ngp dgc xuc tac, gay 6 nhiem m d i t r u d n g . Luu huynh trong nhien li?u, khi c h a y se tgo ra khi S O , , gay d nhiem mdi trudng ( m u a axit), an m d n d p n § c o , anh h u d n g den sirc khde con n g u d i . Vi vay, can phai logi luu huynh ra khdi dau md v a cac san pham dau md.
Ngay nay, quy dinh ciia cac nudc tren t h i gidi ve ham lugng luu huynh tdi da trong nhien li?u ngay cang nggt ngheo. T h y c te, khdi thai dpng c a khdng chiia luu huynh tire la nhien lieu cd ham lugng luu huynh xap xi bang khdng se d u g c keu ggi tren toan the gidi [1,2].
Logi bd luu huynh tir nhien li^u van tai da t r d thanh mpt thir thach ky thugt Idn ma nha m a y Ipc dau phai ddi mgt.
Qua trinh logi luu h u y n h hi?n d a n g sii d y n g la hydrodesunfua hda. T r o n g q u a trinh nay, cac h g p chdt chira luu huynh d u g c c h u y e n thanh H2S va cac hydrocacbon t u a n g u n g n h d sii d y n g chat xuc tac C o M o hoac N i M o . Di6u ki$n p h a n iing t h u d n g diing la 350°C va ap sudt h y d r o la 3 ( K 1 0 0 bar. D i l u ki?n nay ddi hdi h^ thiet bj p h a n iing chju a p suat cao va chi phi dau t u c a o d e tach H2S ra khdi dau.
Hogt tinh c u a h g p chdt lini huynh trong q u a trinh hydrodesunfua h d a p h y t h u p c vao cau t n i c p h a n tii.
Cac hgp chat chiia luu huynh dien hinh trong nhien li?u vgn tai d u g c ohi ra d hinh I [3].
R-SH 1
R-S-R 2
0
H3CCH3 8 CH3
Hinh I: Cac h p p chat chiia luu huynh dien hinh trong nhien li?u d p n g c a
T r o n g khi c a c h g p chat dgng paraffin n h u thiol (1), sunfua (2) va disunfua (3) d u g c chuyen hda t u a n g ddi de d a n g thi cac h p p chat vdng, dac bi$t la vdng thom chira luu huynh n h u thiophen (4) hoac dibenzothiophen (5) kem hogt d p n g trong qua trinh hydrodesunfua hda. Cac h g p chat dibenzothiophen (6), metyl dibenzothiophen (7), 4,6-dimetyl dibenzothiophen (8) va cac h g p chat luu huynh cd nhieu n h d m the ankyi lai khd chuyen hda h a n nira [3].
Vi vay, c d n g nghp hydrodesunfua h d a bi hgn c h e hogc can chi phi c a o cho qua trinh loai bd tdi da lim huynh, d a c bi?t la logi bd luu huynh trong ddu diesel (va mpt so phan dogn trung binh n h u ddu nhien
TCHH,T. 50(6), 2012
li?u). Vi dau nay chira ham lugng cac hgp chat luu huynh thom da vdng cao han cac phan dogn nh? nen luon ddi hdi dieu ki^n ap sudt va thdi gian luu Idn.
Mpt so phuang phap logi bd luu huynh khong sii dung hydro dang dugc nghien cii'u nhu: oxi hoa logi sau luu huynh, sinh hpc, hap phy chpn Igc, ankyI hda loai luu huynh,.. [4-9].
Mgt phuang phap mdi dang dupc quan tam la phuang phap chiet bang chat Idng ion (hgp chdt co nhi§t dp ndng chay nhd hon lOO^C). Chdt Idng ion cd tinh chat vgt ly va hda hgc phy thupc vao thanh phan va cau tgo ciia cac cation va anion Igo nen chung. cac tinh chat nay cd the dieu chinh dugc, nhd dd ma chat long ion cd phgm vi iing dyng rpng rai trong nhieu ITnh vyc nhu: di?n hda [10], mang tach [11], xuc tac hda hpc [12], hda sinh [13], polyine [14], dung mdi cho cac phan irng va qua trinh... Chat Idng ion ben vdi nhieu loai hda chat, cd ap suat hai bao hda rat nhd (gan nhu khdng do dugc) va cd kha nang tai sinh cao nen chiing dugc xem la dung mdi va xuc tac than thi^n mdi trudng (green solvents and catalysts; green chemistry).
Cac hgp chat nay dupc xem la dung moi thich hgp de logi luu huynh trong nhien lieu. Vi^c su dyng chiing lam dung mdi rat thuan tien, vi chiing cd kha nang sonvat hda cao va rat de tach pha. Chat ldng ion da dugc nghien ciru sii dyng lam dung mdi cho nhieu qua trinh tach khac nhau nhu: chung cat chilt, hap phu len vat lieu mang dl tach amin, morpholin, khi CO2, SO2...; chiet ldng-long....
Mpt sd chat Idng ion da the hien hogt tinh cao khi chiet luu huynh va cd kha nang tai sinh [10-14].
Nguyen tac chung ciia phuong phap nay la sir dyng nhtrng chat Idng ion cd kha nang hda tan cac hgp chat luu huynh trong nhien lieu ma ban than chiing hoan toan khdng tan trong nhien lieu.
Trong nghien cim nay, cac chat ldng ion «-hutyl metylimidazol hydrosunphat ([BMIM][HS04]) va rt-butyl- pyridin hydrosunphat ([BPyJfHSO^) dugc tdng hgp va sir dung dl tach luu huynh trong ddu diesel thuong pham ciia Vi?t nam. Kha nang tai sir dyng ciia chat ldng ion cung dugc nghien cim.
2. THl/C NGHIEM
Ddu diesel chira 498 ppm luu huynh ciia Vi?t Nam.
Metyl imidiazol 99,5%, /i-butyl bromua 99,5%
mua cua cong ty hda chat Merck Schuchardt OHG, Dlic. Pyridin 99,5%, xyclohexan 99,5%, etyl axetat 99,5%, axit sunfonic 98%, dugc mua cua nha may hda chat Guangdong Guanghua (Trung Qudc).
Tat ca deu dugc su dyng khdng qua tinh che them.
Bui Thi L4 Thuy
2.1. Tong hgp c\ikt long ion [BMIMHHSO4I - Tong hgp n-butyl metyl imidiazol bromua ([BMIM][Br]).
(Me: metyl; Bu: n-butyl)
Nhd tir tir n-butyl bromua vao binh cau 500 ml chira metyl imidiazol vk xyclohexan. Sau dd khuay va gia nhi?t d 70°C trong 48 gid. Hdn hgp sau phan irng dugc khuay rira 3 lan vdi etyl axetat de logi bo cac chai chua phan iing sau dd cho vao binh khudy, gia nhi?t trong chan khdng d 80°C trong 10 gid de loai etyl axetat. Hi^u suat phan iing dgt 98%.
Tong hgp n-butyl metyl imidiazol bisunphat ([BMIM][HS04]).
Nhd gipt tir tir H2SO4 vao binh cau 500 ml chiia [BMIM][Br]. Khuay, gia nhi?t d nhi^t dp SCC trong 30h Ak logi HBr d ap suat thudng sau dd thyc hi?n d ap sudt thap de logi tri?t dl hon. Hi$u suat phan iing dgt 80%,
Phan ling:
[M^/^^BJ f / ^ 1 I?
(Vdi Me: metyl; Bu; n-butyl) 2.2. Tdng hpp chat Idng ion [BPyKHSGj]
0 ; —^ - O—
-Tdng hgp N-butyl pyridin bromua ([BPy][Br]) Nhd tir tir n-butyl bromua vao binh cdu 500 ml chira pyridin va xyclohexan. Sau do khuay va gia nhi?t d 70°C trong 48 gid. Lgc lay ket tiia va nia sgch 2 lan bang dung mdi etyl axetat. Sau dd dem chat ran say chan khdng de duoi nguyen ll?u va dung mdi thira. Chat ran thu dugc cd mau trang diic, ndng chay d nhi?t dg 75°C. Hi?u suat phan ung dgt 97%.
Tdng hgp n-butyl pyridin bisunphat ([BPy][HSO.]).
Thuc hi^n tuang i\f nhu qud trinh tong h(?p [BMIM][HS04]. San pham thu dug<; la chat long c6 mau nau do, sanh d nhi§t dp thudng. Hi?u suit phan ung dat 79%.
674
TCHH,T. 50(6), 2012 2.2. Chiet lo^i lu-u huynh b^ng IL
Cho dau diesel va chat long Ion vao mgt cdc thuy tinh, khuay trong 50 phut d nhi?t dp phdng. Sau khi ngimg khuay chuyen hdn hgp sang dng nghi?m va dl lang trong 30 phut (hogc quay li tam). Sau dd tach Idp ddu d tren ra. Ham lugng luu huynh sau khi chiet dugc dinh lugng bdng phuang phap ASTM D 5453-08 [15].
Qua trinh chiet cd the Igp tai nhilu lan dl loai sau luu huynh
2.4. Tai su- dung chat Idng ion
Cho chat Idng ion sau khi da chilt vao mpt binh tam giac trong dd da cd sin etyl axetat (hogc xyclohexan), ti I? thi tich giiia IL va etyl axetat la 1:1. Sau dd khuay hdn hgp d nhi?t dp phdng trong 2 gid. De lang hdn hgp sau khi khuay, sau dd logi bd etyl axetat d tren ra. Chat Idng ion thu dugc dem dun nhe d 80°C trong 10 gid de loai bd dung mdi du. Lgp lai qua trinh 5 lan va sir dyng lgi chat Idng ion de chiet luu huynh trong dau.
3. KET QUA VA T H A O LUAN 3.1. Ket qua tong hgrp cac chat Idng ion
Sau khi tdng hgp, cac chdt Idng ion dugc do phd cdng hudng tii hat nhan de xac nhan sy tao thanh ciia chung.
3. L J. Kit qud do pho ciia [BMIMJHSO,
Dp chuyen djch hda hpc ciia cac proton va cac nguyen tii carbon trong metyl imidazol (MIM) va [BMIM]HS04 dugc trinh bay trong cac bang 1 va 2.
H,C
So sanh pho NMR ' H cua chdt long ion tdng hgp dugc vdi pho cua metyl imidazol cho thay da xuat hi?n nhiing dinh mdi tuong iing vdi nhung nguyen tii H ciia nhdm butyl gdn vao nhan imidazol.
Ket hgp pho '^C-NMR ciia chdt ldng ion tdng hgp dugc vdi pho cua metyl imidazol ta thay da xuat hi^n nhiing dinh mdi tuang iing vdi nhung nguyen tu C ciia nhdm butyl %ht vko nhan imidazol.
Tong hgp mgt so chdt long ion...
Bdng I: Dp chuyen djch hda hgc cua cac proton trong metyl imidazon va [BMIM]HSOj
(8, ppm d 125 MHZ) MIM
7,838 7,385 7,011 6,863 3,641
[BMIM]HSO, 8,44 7,219 7,172 4,700 3,639 1,624-1,026 0,681-0,652
Loai H (s), IH, C(2)H (s), 1H,C(4)H (s), 1H,C(5)H (t), 2H,N(1)-CH2 (s), 3H, N(3)-CH3 (m),4H,N(l)- CHiCCHijiCH]
{t),3H,N(lHCH2)„CH) Bdng 2: Dp chuyen dich hda hpc ciia cac loai carbon trong metyl imidazon va [BMIM]HSO.i
(8, ppm d 125 MHZ) MIM
137,79 120,20 130,20 33,14
[BMIMJHSO, 135,782 123,495 122,248 49,291 35,658 31,231 18,738 12,623
Loai C C(2) C(4) C(5) N(1)-CH2 N(3)-CH3 N(1)-CH2CH2 N(1)-(CH2)2CH2 N(1)-(CH2).CH3 3.L2. Kit qud do pho cita [BPy]HS04
Dp chuyen djch hda hpc cua cac proton va cac nguyen tii carbon trong pyridin (nguyen li?u dau) va [BPy]HS04 dugc trinh bay trong cac bang 3 va 4.
Bdng 3: Dp chuyen dich hda hpc ciia cac proton trong metyl imidazol va [BMIM]HS04
(S, ppm d 125 MHz) MIM
8,593 7,617 7,231
[BMIMIHSO, 9,336 8,654 8,207 4,736 1,919 1,301 0,915
Loai H 2 1 3 4 5 6 7
T C H H , T . 50(6), 2012
Pho NMR 'H ciia chat Idng ion [BPy]HS04t6ng hgp dugc vdi pho cua pyridin cho thdy da xuat hi?n nhirng dinh mdi tuang irng vdi nhtrng nguyen tii H cua nhdm butyl gdn vao nhan pyridin.
So sanh pho '^C NMR ciia chat Idng ion [BPy]HS04 tong hgp dugc vdi pho ciia pyridin ta thdy da xuat hi?n nhQ-ng dinh mdi tuong irng vdi nhung nguyen tu C ciia nhdm butyl gdn vao nhan pyridin.
Bdng 4: Dp chuyen djch hda hpc ciia cac logi carbon trong metyl imidazol va [BMIM]HS04
(5,ppmdl25MHz) MIM
149,94 135,89 123,75
[BPylHSO, 145,37 144,82 127,95 60,18 32,66 18,62 13,22
LoaiC C(l) C(2) C(3) C(4) C(5) C(6) C(7) Tir ket qua do pho ciia nguyen li?u dau va cac mau chat ldng ion tong hgp dugc ta cd the ket luan la hai chdt long ion [BMIM]HS04 va [BPy]HS04 da dugc tdng hgp thanh cdng.
3.2. Kha nang chiet lu-u huynh sur dung chat Idng ion
Dau diesel thuong pham ciia Viet Nam dugc chiet lap Igi nhieu lan vdi cac chat ldng [BMIM][HS04] va [BPy][HS04] tong hgp dugc.
Ket qua trinh bay d bang 5, hinh 4 va 5 cho thay ham lupng luu huynh trong dau ban dau la 498 ppm da giam nhanh qua cac lan chiet va sau 6 lan chiet da giam xudng cdn 8 ppm khi chiet bang [BMIM][HS04] va 19 ppm khi chiet bdng [BPy][HS04], vdi hi?u suat chilt 98,5% va 96%
tuong irng. Nhu vay, chi sau 5-6 Ian chiet lgp lai vdi cac chat long ion thi ham lugng luu huynh trong dau diesel da giam xuong < 10 ppm. Neu chiet lap Igi nhieu hon nira thi cd the dua ham lupng luu huynh gan den khdng dc dap irng nhu cau ngay cang khdt khe ve ham lugng luu huynh trong nhien li^u.
Kha nang chiet luu huynh dya tren ca sd la chdt Idng ion hda tan tdt cac hgp chat luu huynh ma khdng hda tan dau hay tan vao trong dau. Ai lye cao cua chat ldng ion cd tinh phan eye cao vdi cac hgp chat luu huynh trong dau cd thi giai thich la do lien kit hydro giira nguyen tii hydro ciia hgp chat mercaptan vdi dj td d vdng tham ciia chdt long ion va do tuong tac n-n giiia vdng tham ciia chdt ldng ion va vdng thom cua thiophen, benzothiophen.
Biii Thf L? Thiiy dibenzothiophen vk cdc dan xuat.
Bdng 5: Hi^u suat chiet logi luu huynh cua cac chdt ldng ion (25°C, 50 phut, ty I? IL/dau = 1:1) Chat
long ion So Ian
chiet 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
[BMIMKHSO,]
I-Wm lu(;mg S
trong dau (ppm kl)
498 200
no
55 25 14 8Hi^u suat chiet (%kl) 0 60 78 89 95 97 98.5
[BPy][HSO,]
Ham lugng S
trong dau (ppm kl)
498 270 155 90 55 31 19
Hieu suat chiet {%kl) 0 45,8
71 82 89 93,8 96 Hi^u suat chiet cua chat ldng ion [BPy][HS04]
thap han so vdi [BMIM][HS04]. Dilu nay cd the do hai nguyen nhan. Thir nhdt, hai chdt Idng ion nay co anion giong nhau (HSO4'), neu so sanh cac cation thi cation gdc imidazol cd kich thudc khdng gian nho hon (vdng 5 cgnh) cdn cation gdc pyridin thi ldn hem (vdng 6 cgnh), do dd cac cation gdc imidazol co dg chpn lpc cao vdi luu huynh cao han. Thii hai, chat long ion goc pyridin cd dp nhdt cao hon, dilu nay gay khd khan cho vi?c trpn lan chat Idng ion vadau, lam giam hi?u suat chiet. Qua trinh dugc thyc hien dan gian d nhi?t dp thudng va ap suat thudng, sir tach pha de dang, khdng can sir dung hydro. Do do, cdng ngh? don gian va chi phi thap han so vdi cac phuong phap xu ly bang hydro dang su dung.
500
300
200
100
\\ l-.-[BMIM][HS041|
W h'-iBPy|[HS041 1
^ ^ " - - -
~~~~-^^^^fc=i 1 2 3 4 5 6
So lan chiet
Hinh 4: Ham lugng luu huynh cdn lgi frong mau dau sau khi chiet l$p lai vdi cac chat Idng ion
(25''C, 50 phut, ty 1? IL/ddu =1:1)
TCHH,T. 50(6), 2012
Hieu suat chiet ciia chat ldng ion [BPy][HS04]
thdp hon so vdi [BMIM][HS04]. Dieu nay cd the do hai nguyen nhan. Thii: nhdt, hai chat ldng ion nky cd anion gidng nhau (HS04"), nlu so sanh cac cation thi cation gdc imidazol cd kich thudc khdng gian nhd hon (vdng 5 cgnh) cdn cation gdc pyridin thi ldn han (vdng 6 canh), do do cac cation gdc imidazol cd dp chpn lpc cao vdi luu huynh cao hon. Thii hai, chdt ldng ion gdc pyridin cd dp nhdt cao hon, dieu nay gay khd khan cho vipc trgn lan chat Idng ion va ddu, lam giam hieu sudt chilt. Qua trinh dugc thyc hi?n dan gian d nhiet dp thudng va ap suat thudng, sy tach pha de dang, khdng cdn su dyng hydro. Do dd, cdng nghe don gian va chi phi thap hon so vdi cac phuang phap xd ly bang hydro dang sir dung.
^ 100
Hinh 5: Hieu suat chiet luu huynh bang cac chat ldng ion (25''C, 50 phiit, ty 1? IL/ddu =1:1) cac ket qua nay chiing td chat ldng ion la mot dung mdi phii hgp de logi bd luu huynh. Cac hgp chdt nay cd kha nang hda tan tdt cac hgp chdt luu huynh, dac bi?t ca cac hgp chat khd logi bang cac phuang phap hydrodesunfua hda thdng thudng nhu benzothiophen, dibenzothiophen va dan xuat ciia chung. Ddu diesel khdng bi hda tan nen de tach ra khdi chat long ion sau khi chiet.
3.3. Kha nang tai six dung chat long ion Trong nghien ciiu nay, chdt ldng ion sau khi su dyng dl chilt cac hgp chdt luu huynh trong ddu dugc tai sinh bSng dung mdi xyclohexan va etyl axetat. Sau khi tai sinh bang each chiet voi lugng dung mdi phii hgp, chat ldng ion lai dugc diing de chiet S trong dau diesel.
Kit qua cua sy logi lim huynh cua chdt Idng ion sau khi tai sinh bdng dung mdi etyl axetat va xyclohexan dugc thi hien trong (bang 6).
Tong hgp mgt so chdt long ion...
Bdng 6: Hi^u suat loai luu huynh ciia cac chat Idng ion trudc va sau tai sinh
(25^0, 50 phiit, ty 1? IL/ddu =1:1, chilt 1 ldn, ham lugng S trong ddu ban dau = 498 ppm)
Dung moi si^
dung de tai sinh IL
IL mai Xyclohexan
Etyl axetat [BMIM Him lu(?ng S trong dSu (ppm kl) 200 230 239
/HSO, Hi?u suat chiet (% kl)
60 54 52
[BPyl/HSO, Ham lugng S
trong dau (ppm
kl) 270 295 302
Hi?u suit chiet (% kl)
45,8 40,7 39,4 Tir ket qua tren cho thay hieu suat chiet loai luu huynh cua dau diesel vdi chat ldng ion [BMIM][HS04] tai sinh bang dung mdi axetat la 54% va bang dung mdi cyclohexan la 52%, trong khi chiet vdi chat ldng ion mdi la 60%. Hi?u suat chiet togi luu huynh ciia dau diesel vdi chat [BPy][HS04] tai sinh bdng dung mdi axetat la 40,7%
va bang dung mdi cyclohexan la 39,4%, trong khi chiet vdi chat Idng ion mdi la 45,8%.
Tai sinh chat Idng ion bang dung mdi etyl axetat cho hieu suat loai luu huynh cao hon mpt chiit so vdi tai sinh bang dung moi xyclohexan. Xyclohexan va etyl axtat deu nhimg chat de tim d Viet Nam, cd nhiet dp sdi va gia thanh tuong duong nhau.
Xyclohexan la chat de chay nd va ddc hgi den siic khde con ngudi. Do dd, diing etyl axetat lam dung moi tai sinh chat Idng ion thi thuan lpi hon.
So vdi hi^u suat chiet ciia chat Idng ion sach thi hieu suat chiet ciia chat long ion sau khi tai sinh thap hon mpt chiit so. Su giam hieu suat chiet cd the do cac hgp chat luu huynh da hda tan vao chat ldng ion khd cd the tach hoan toan bang dung moi, vi qua trinh chiet la mpt qua trinh can bang. Nhu vay, vdi cac qua trinh lien tyc ngudi ta cd the tinh loan tai sinh chat long ion mpt each hop ly de tiet kiem chi phi. Vdi qua trinh gian dogn, lay chat Idng ion cua budc chiet thit hai lam dung mdi chiet budc mdt cho me dau sau. De thyc hien qua trinh lien tuc can nghien ciiu ki ludng (cd the md phdng tren may tinh) de giam chi phi cho dung mdi.
Dung mdi etyl axetat hogc xyclohexan cd the dugc thu hoi dl dang bdng each chung cat do chung cd nhi^t dp sdi thap hon cac hgp chat luu huynh.
Kha nang tai sinh cao ciia chdt Idng ion cang cho thdy tinh chdt uu vipt ciia chung khi sii dyng lam dung mdi chiet luu huynh trong ddu. Trong cdng nghi?p cd thi chuyin qua trinh chilt gian dogn lap lai trong nghien ciiu nay thanh qua trinh chilt lien
T C H H , T . 50(6), 2 0 1 2
tyc trong thap chiet d l tiet ki^m thdi gian, d u n g mdi va kinh phi d o n g thdi c u n g loai d u g c luu huynh tri^t de hon.
4. K E T L U A N
c a c chdt Idng ion [ B M 1 M ] [ H S 0 4 ] va [BPy][HS04] tong h g p d u g c cd kha nSng logi luu huynh trong dau dlcscl t h u o n g pham ciia Vi?t N a m . T r o n g dd, [BMIMIIHSO4] cd kha n a n g tach c a o hon [ B P y ] [ I I S 0 4 ] . Dieu nay d u p c giai thich bdi kich t h u d c cation cau tgo nen cac chat Idng ion.
Sau 6 ldn chiet diing chat Idng ion [ B M I M ] [ H S 0 4 ] ham l u g n g S trong diesel t h u o n g pham ciia Vi9t Nam da dgt tieu chuan < 10 ppm, hi?u suat chiet loai luu huynh dgt 9 8 , 5 % .
Qua trinh tach S bang chat ldng ion cd nhieu uu diem: thyc hipn d dieu kipn t h u d n g ; chat Idng ion dc tach pha, khdng bay hoi, cd the tai sir dyng, dgc bipt cd the dieu chinh kha nang chiet luu huynh bang each thay ddi cau true cation va anion ciia chiing.
Cac nghien ciru them ve qua trinh tai sinh dung mdi, ve anh hudng ciia cac yeu td den qua trinh chiet nhu: cau tnic cua chat Idng ion, nhicl dp, tdc dp khuay, thdi gian moi lan chiet... can d u g c thyc hien de cd hi^u suat chiet cao hon vdi lugng dung mdi va thdi gian it han.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1. B, S. Liu, D. F. Xu, J. X. Chu, W Liu, C. T. Au.
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