DAI LOAN - HONG CONG - MA CAO
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NGANH CONG NGHIEP VAN HOA SANG TAO DAI LOAN:
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K H A I NIEIVI v A V A I TRd>
TRAN THI THUY*
Tom tdt: Khai ni|m "cong nghiep van hoa sang tao" xuat hien d Dai Loan trong thap nien cuoi cua thi ky 20 ciing vdi qua trinh toan ciu h6a diln ra sau rong tren thi gidi. Sir ra ddi va phat triin ciia nganh cong nghiep van hoa sang t^o tai Dai Loan song hanh vai su chuyin dii each thiic phat trien kinh te, tii cong nghiep nang huang sang nong nghiep, cac nganh nghe thii cong truy6n thong va kinh te sang tao. Trai qua gan 3 thap ky phat trien, nganh cong nghiep van hoa sang tao CO vai tro quan trong khong chi ve van boa, kinh te ma ca trong chinh trj cua Dai Loan. Bai viet tap trung phan tich npi ham khai niem va vai tro cua nganh cong nghiep van hoa sang t^o Sai Loan trong su phat trien cua hon dao nay.
Tie khoa: Dai Loan, cong nghiep van hoa, cong nghiep sang tao, cong nghiep van boa sang tao
1. "Cong nghiep van hda sang t a o "
cua Dai L o a n : Khai niem, tinh chat va p h a n loai
I.I.Khdi niem
Ngay nay, "nganh cdng nghiep van boa sang tao" (Tieng Anh: Cultural and Creative Industries, viit tat: CCI; tiing Tmng: Xilt'mi^±, viit tit: ^fiij) dang phat trien vdi tdc dp va quy mo ngay cang tang tren pham vi toan cau, ddng thdi nd cung trd thanh mot diem tang trudng kinh te mdi eiia nhieu qude gia.
Tuy nhien, ddi vdi ndi ham khai niem
"cdng nghiep van boa sang tao" thi duong nhu vaa chua cd mpt nhan thiic chung giiia cac nude eiing nhu td chire qudc te. Tham chi, trong nhieu tmdng hgp, khai niem nay edn hi ddng nhit vdi
cac khai niem khae nhu "cdng nghiep van boa" (Cultural Industries) bay "cdng nghiep sang tao" (Creative Industries).
Ve mat lich sir, khdi niem cdng n ^ i e p van boa sang tao lan dau tien dugc de cap den la vao nam 1997, kbi Thu tudng Anh Tony Blair dua ra d& nghi thanh lap To edng tac dac biet ve nganh cdng nghiep sang tao nham phuc hdi n i n kinh te ciia nude nay. Theo dd, nam 1998, trong Bao cao dau tien ve cdng nghiep sdng tao d Anb, td ebiic nay da chi ra rang: Cdng nghiep sdng tao Id mQt ngdnh chu yeu xuat phdt tie su sdng tao, h^ ndng vd tdi hoa cua ed nhdn, thdng qua viec phdt trien vd van dung quyen sa hieu tri tue, cd
* TS. Vien Nghien ciru Trung Quoc
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tiem ndng tao ra gid tri vd gidi quyet vdn de viec Idm (^^PH, 2010). Khai niem nay ehii yeu de cap den ba nhan td: Thu nhdt, dau vao chii yeu ciia cdng nghiep sang tao la "sy sang tao, ky nang va tai hoa cua ea nhan eon ngudi"; thu hai la dau ra ehu yeu eiia nganh nay la "quyen sd hiiu tri tue" va thii- ba la thupc tinh "tao ra cua cai va giai quyet viec lam".
Cimg vdi su phat trien cua nen kinb te sang tao (The Creative Economy) va de tao ra su ddng thuan chung trong each dung khai niem "cdng nghiep van hoa sang tao" giiia cac qudc gia va td chiie qudc te, Td chiic Khoa hpe, giao dye va van hoa Lien hgp qude UNESCO da ly giai ve ndi ham nay nhu sau: "'Cdng nghiep vdn hod vd sdng tao Id linh vuc hoat dong cd td chuc vdi muc dich chinh Id sdn xuat hoac tdi sdn xuat, qudng bd, phdn phdi hoac thuang mqi hda hang hda. cdc dich vu vd hoqt ddng cd bdn chat lien quan den vdn hda, nghe thuat hoac di son "(UNESCO). Cach tiep can nay nhan manh khdng chi la nganh san xuat san pham dya tren su sang tao cua eon ngudi ma quan trpng ban la chudi san xuit de dua nhung sang tao nay ra cdng chung.
Khai niem "cdng nghiep van hda sang tao" mdi dupe du nhap vao Dai Loan trong thap nien cudi ciia the ky 20 khi ma qua trinh toan cau hda dien ra sau rpng tren tbi gidi. Ddng thdi, nd duge chinh quyin Dai Loan su dung trong boi canh bdn ddo nay dang nd lyc tim kiem mot phuong thuc tang tmdng kinh ti mdi sau
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thdi ky dai chiu nhieu he qua khdng mong mudn cua "ky tich kinh te" tmdc day, nhu mdi tmdng sinh thai bi de dpa nghiem trpng, sy chuyen dich dan cu tir ndng thdn ra thanh thi va cac khu cdng nghiep dan den tinh trang nen kinh ti ndng nghiep tren bd vyc sup do. Liic dau, khai niem nay chi mdi duge biet den vdi ndi ham "cdng nghiep van boa dia phucmg" thdng qua chinh sach "Xay dung tdng the cdng ddng" {^±U.^-WS'A), dugc Uy ban xay dung Van boa Dai Loan dua ra vao nam 1994. Chinh sach "Xay dung tdng the cdng ddng" nhan manh den tinh sang tao, khuyen khich mdi edng ddng xay dung lai mdt hinh dnh mdi, tao ra sy khac biet giua cac dia phuong tbdng qua cac san pham van hda dac trung cua timg dia phuong, vi du cae loai cay trdng, hang thu cdng my nghe va cae danh lam thang ednb de thu hiit khach du lich nude ngoai. Ddng thdi, chinh sach nay ciing nhan manh y thiic xa hdi va sy chu ddng tham gia xay dyng cpng ddng eiia mdi mpt ngudi dan Dai Loan.
"Cdng nghiep van boa sang tao" dugc de cap mpt each day dii va mang tinh ehinh thiic la vao nam 2002, khi chinh phu Dai Loan dua ra ebien lupe "Thdeh thiec 2008: Ke hoqch trong diem phdt trien Ddi Loan (2002-2007)" (U^ 2008 -^mn.mMmiM 2002-2007), tap tmng dau tu vao 10 nganh kinh te mang tinh trgng diim trong giai doan 2002-2007 (^
•;3^j^fift^,2002). Trong dd, Ki hoach phat trien edng nghiep van boa sang tao ('Scit
^'iMf:ik^MifM) dugc xep vao vi tri thii 63
TRAN THI THCIY
hai, sau ki hoach ve phat trien nhan tai.
Dieu nay cho thay sy coi trpng ciia ehinh quyin Dai Loan ddi vdi nganh nay trong su phat trien cua kinh te vung lanh tho nay. Muc tieu tdng the ciia ke hoach phat trien nganh eong nghiep van hoa sang tao la khai thac cac nganh mang tinh sang tao, cd su ket hpp giira nhan van va kinh te. Ngoai viec chi ra pham vi cae nganh cu the, van ban nay van chua dua ra dugc sy ly giai theo quan diem chinh thiic eua chinh quyen qudn ly ve cai gpi la "nganh cdng nghiep van boa sang tao". Ma phai den nam 2010, "Luat Phat trien cdng nghiep van hda sang tao" {Xit^'\Mf:^M.
Mi4) dugc ban hanh, tai Dieu 3 Chuong I mdi chi ra rang: "Cdng nghiep vdn hda sdng tao Id chi cdc ngdnh duac hinh thdnh vd hoqt ddng tie viec tich luy sdng tao hoac vdn hod, thdng qua sd hieu tri tue cd tiem ndng tao ra cua cdi vd ca hdi viec lam eiing nhu thuc day td chat tinh thdn cua todn ddn, ndng cao mdi trudng sdng cua ngudi ddn" (•^^XitU, 2010:
I). Nhu vay, dinh nghia nay ve ca ban khae so vdi quan diem ciia UNESCO nhung lai tuong ddi gan vdi quan diem ve "cdng nghiep sang tao" ciia nude Anh, deu nhan manh den yeu td sd hihi tri tue, tao ra gia tri vat chat va giai quyet van de viec lam cho ngudi dan.
Hien nay, khdng chi cd sy khac nhau giiia Dai Loan vdi Lien hiep qudc hay nude Anh trong dinh nghTa khai niem
"edng nghiep van hoa sang tao" ma d mdi mdt qude gia, xuat phat bj cae lat clt va gdc nbm cu the lai dua ra quan diim
'MI
khdng gidng nhau. Song, vi mat npi ham, cae nghien cim deu nhin nhan "cdng nghi8p van boa sang tao" la diem giao thoa giiia "nganh cdng nghiep van hoa"
va "nganh edng nghiep sang tao".
1.2. Sir phan Met vk khdi niem De bieu ro hon nhiing dac diem mang tinh ban chat cua nganh edng nghiep van boa sang tao can phai dat nd trong mdi quan he vdi nganh cdng nghiep van hoa va cdng nghiep sang tao. Day la ba khai niem ma cho den nay, nhieu y kien eho ring c6 sy tning lap tham chi la dong nhat ve mat ngu nghia. Tuy nhien, ba khai niem nay cd nhung dac diem chung va rieng khae nhau.
Khai niem "cdng nghiep van hoa"
dupe dua ra vao nhung thap nien dau the ky XX bdi hai nha triet hpe ngudi Diic la Theodor W.Adomo va Max Horkheimer (T. Adomo, M. Horkheimer, 2002). Can cii vao miic do sang tao, cd the cbia nganh "cdng nghiep van boa" thanh hai hgp phan gdm: "Cdng nghiep vdn hod truyen thdng" va "cdng nghiep vdn hod sdng tao". Trong dd, cdng nghiep van boa tmyen thdng nham chi cac nganh lay vipc tmyen ba van hoa truyen thdng lam chu dao nhu: nghe thuat bieu dien kich tmyen thdng, boat dpng dan gian tmyen tbdng, thii cong my nghe va van hoa am thyc. Cdn cdng nghiep van hoa sang tao nham de chi cac nganh ma san pham phu thupc vao y tudng sang tao eua ca nhan con ngudi, vi du nhu: Nganh xuit ban bao chi, dien anh, am nbac, phat thanh tmyin hinh. v.v...
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Ve khai niem "eong nghiep sang tao", luan giai cua John Howkms - bpc gia ngudi Anb, ngudi dugc coi la cha de cua
"ly luan ve cdng nghiep sang tao" da phan thanh hai bp phan: "Cdng nghiep sdng tqo vdn hod " vd "cdng nghiep sdng tqo ky thuat" (^mm. 2010). Trong do, cdng nghiep sdng tqo van hod nham chi cae nganh nhu: Xuit ban bao chi, phat thanh - tmyen hinh, nghe thuat bieu diln, am nbac; edn cdng nghiep sdng tqo ky thuat gdm eac nganh: Dich vu thiit ki, tu van ke hoach, phat trien phan mem.
Nhu vay, hop phan "cdng nghiep van boa sang tao" va "cdng nghiep sang tao
van hoa" nhan manh ddng thdi ca hai thupc tinh van boa va thupc tinh sang tao da tao nen diem chung giiia nganh cdng nghiep van hod va nganh cdng nghiep sang tao. Day eung chinh la pham vi ndi dung cua khai niem "cdng nghiep van boa sang tao". Trong khi do, hai hop phan con lai ciia mdi nganh gdm "cdng nghiep van boa tmyin tbdng", "cdng nghiep sang tao ky thuat" thi hoac la nang ve tinh ky thuat, hoac la nang vi yiu td tmyin thdng lai tao nen diim khac nhau giiia nganh cdng nghiep van boa va cdng nghiep sang tao (Xem them hinh J.)
Hinh 1. Moi quan he giira cdng nghiep van hoa, cong nghiep sang tao va cong nghiep van hoa sang tao
Cong nghiep van ho^
Nguon. ^ ^ | i B , 2 0 1 0 .
Cong nghifp s^ng tao
Vay tai sao d Dai Loan, chinh quyen lai dat ra chu tmong phat triin nganh cong nghiep van hoa sang tao? Cd phai cbang dieu nay xuat phat tir eac nguyen nhan ben trong? Bai viet eho rang, sd di vao nhiing nam diu thi ky XXI, Dai
Loan da ebon cdng nghiep van boa sang tao thay vi cdng nghiep van boa nhu mdt sd qudc gia khac trong khu vye vi mdt so ly do nhu sau: Tliic nhdt, thai diem Dai Loan bat dau chu trpng khai thac gia tri kinh te trong yeu td van boa dien ra
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TRAN THI THCIY
tuong ddi mudn, kbi dd, lich su nganh cdng nghiep van boa the gidi da bat dau bude sang giai doan tmdng thanh. Cung vdi tac ddng eiia khoa bpc, cdng nghe va qua trinh toan eau boa, cdng nghiep van hoa can mdt nac thang cao ban, sang tao hon. Thu hai, Dai Loan cd mdt nen van hoa da nguyen va tuong ddi md, dd khdng phai la nen van hoa eua bang nghin nam lich sir nhu Tmng Qudc dai lue, vi vay, Dai Loan can phai tiep tuc bien hoa tren nhiing gia tri cd san do de tao nen Igi the canh tranh cho san pham eiia minh. Thir ba, ngay tu thap nien 70 - SO ciia the ky tmdc, Dai Loan da ndi len vdi tu each la mot trong bdn eon rong chau A ben canh Hdng Kdng, Han Qudc, Singapore. Sy phat trien eua kinh te cdng nghiep da tao dieu kien de Dai Loan binb thanh mpt nen tang cdng nghe va ky thuat tuong ddi hien dai. Mpt sd bang may tinh cua Dai Loan nhu Asus, Acer da tao dyng thanh edng nhat dinh tren tbi trudng. Day chinh la co sd quan trpng de Dai Loan lua chpn van boa sang tao la mpt trong nhiing trpng diem chuyen dich cua nen kinh te khi bude vao thi ky XXI.
1.3 Phdn log^i
Nam 2004 va nam 2014 la hai mde thdi gian dang chii y trong viec phan loai cac nganh thupc cdng nghipp van hoa sang tao Dai Loan. Nam 2004, Sach tring van hoa do Uy ban xay dyng van bod Dai Loan CCA eong bd da chi ra 13 ITnh vuc ehu yeu eua nganh eong nghiep van boa sang tao nhu: Nganh nghe thuat tbi giac, nganh nghe thuat am nbac va bieu dien.
nganh san xuit san phim trien lam.
v.v...{hnicVLm, 2004: 126). Phan loai nam 2004 duge eho la gin vdi phan loai eua nganh cdng nghiep sang tao nude Anh, tao co sd cho nhiing gidi dinh ban dau ve nganh edng nghiep van boa sang tao Dai Loan. Nam 2014, sau 10 nam dua ra phan loai mang tinh ca ban dau tien, Bp Van hoa Dai Loan (dugc nang cap tu Uy ban xay dung van hoa nam 2010) da tien hanh sira ddi va dua ra phan loai mdi, trong dd tang them 03 nganh mdi so vdi nam 2004. Dd la eac nganh "ThiSt ki tmyen dat thi giae" (Visual communication), "am nbac thinh hanh va npi dung van hoa" (Pop music & culture content) va "cac nganh do chinh phu chi dinh" {m&, 2016) {Xem bdng 1).
Nhin vao bang phan loai danh muc cac nganh thupc nhdm nganh edng nghiep van hoa sang tao Dai Loan cd tbS thiy nhiing nganh mang tinh sang tao, sii dyng intemet lam phuang tien chiem uu the trong ca cau nganh.
Nhu vay, sau khi chinh quyen E)ai Loan thue diy phat triai nganh cdng nghiep van hda sang tao, nen kinh te Dai Loan da bat dau chuyen ddi va phong each sdng cua ngudi dan ciing bat dau thay ddi dudi tac dpng cua cac san pham van hda, sang tao, nghe thuat va kien tnic. Tdc dp tang tmdng ciia cac nganh cdng nghi?p van hda sang tao khdng cbl cao ban so vdi tdc dp tang tmdng GDP ma cdn gdp phln giai quyet van de viee lam, ddng thdi ddng mdt vai trd quan trpng trong viec thuc day su da dang van hda.
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Bang 1. Pham vi nganh cong nghiep van hoa sang tao Dai Loan nam 2004 va nam 2014
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Nam 2004 _ ^ Nghe thuat thj giac Nghe thuat am nhgc va bieu d i l n Thiet bi tnen lam van hoa Thu cong my nghe Dien anh
Phat thanh - truyen hinh Xu^t ban
Quang cao Thiit ke Thiit ke thu'ffng higu T h i l t k l xay dirng Sang tao cuoc song Giai tri so
__ Nam 2 0 1 4 , ^ S 1
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Ngh§ thuat thi giac Nghe thuat am nhac va bieu d i i n T h i l t bi trien iam va ung dung van hoa Thu cong my ngh&
Dien i n h
Phat thanh - truyen hinh Xuat ban
Quang cao T h i l t k l san pham T h i l t k l truyin dat thi giac Thilt k l thucng hieu Thiet ke xay dLrng So hoa noi dung Sang tao cuoc s i n g
Am nhac thinh hanh va noi dung van hoa Nganh do chinh phu chi dinh Ngudn: Tac gia xii ly tii thong tin cong bo ciia Bp Van hoa Dai Loan qua 2 nam.
2. Vai trd cua nganh cong nghi§p van hoa sang tao trong su phat triSn cua Dai Loan
2.1. Vai tro kinh te
Vai trd kinh te cua nganh cdng nghiep van hda sang tao Dai Loan dupe the hien hue tiep ddi vdi nen kinh ti thdng qua ddng gdp cua nganh nay vao GDP va tao viee lam cho ngudi lao dpng.
Thu nhdt, nganh cdng nghiep van boa sang tao lien tue gia tang ve mat doanh thu, gdp phan quan b:png trong sy tang tmdng kinb te Dai Loan. Sau gan 15 nam chinh thiic trd thanh trpng diim trong chiin luge phat triin chung (2002 - 2016), doanh thu nganh cdng nghiep van boa sang tao Dai Loan ve ca ban tang diu
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theo tiing nam, doanh thu nam 2016 tang gan gap ddi so vdi nam 2002 (Nam 2002:
435,260 ty Dai te; nam 2016: 807,249 ty Dai te) {^mXitn.2i)ll: .9-20). Theo dd, miic ddng gdp vao GDP cua nganh cdng nghiep van boa sang tao dat tren 4%, c6 nhiing nam dat tren 5%, trd thanh diem tang tmdng kinh te mdi cua Dai Loan. Doanh nghiep boat dpng trong ITnh vye nay eiing tang nhanh ve sd lugng, gdp phan giai quyet van de viec lam cho xa bdi. Nam 2016, tdng doanh nghiep nganh cdng nghiep van boa sang tao Dai Loan dat ban 63. 339 doanh nghiep, tao ra ban 261.497 viec lam, chiim 2,32%
tong sd viec lam cua Dai Loan ). {•^M'Xit, 20n:.7) (Xem them bdng 2, 3, 4)
^ 1
TRAN TH! THOY
Bdng 2: Doanh thu va ti 1^ dong gop trong GDP cua ngftnh cdng nghiep van hda sang tao Dai Loan giai doan 2011-2016
(Dan VI: ty Ddi te, %)
Doanh thu Ti 1$ dong gop GDP
2011 . 817,062
5,71 2012
793,278 5,40
2013 813,390
5,34 2014
831,999 5,16
2015 835,836
4,99
2016 • 807,249
4,72 Ngu6n:^J^ 3^:1-1:^,2017.
Bdng 3: $6 lupng doanh nghiep nglinh cong nghiep van hda sang tao Dai Loan giai doan 2011-2016
(Dan vi: Doanh nghiep, %)
. . . • . - & - . • • -
Doanh nghiep Ty \$ tang trt^^ng
2011 60 940
2012 61 406 0,76
2013 61 787 0,62
2014 2015 2016 ^ 62 125
0,55
62 886 1,22
63 339 0,72 Nguon: ^i^Xit^, 2017.
Bdng 4. So lupng viSc lam cac nganh cdng nghiep van hoa sang tao Dai Loan nam 2016
Don vi: Viec lam 'i- ' L T n h v i ^ c u t h ^ ' i^ ^ .. ••
Xuat ban Thidt ke
Bieu didn va san xuat nghp thuat Phat thanh truydn hinh Dich vy giai tri
Quang cao va dieu tra thj trudng San xuat am nhgc va dien anh Sang tgo cupc song Tong
' ^ ^ ^ I T . - ^
40 165 67 130 17 593 27 264 67 663 34 146 17 535 11 889 261 497 Nguon:-^^Xit^. 2017.
Thu hai, ngoai gia trj ddng gdp true tiep va mang tinh lan toa den cae ITnh vuc tiep vao nen kinh t i , nganh cdng nghiep khde d Dai Loan. Day ciing chinh la tinh van hda sang tao cdn cd tac dpng gian chat dae biet cua nganh cdng nghiep van
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boa sang tao ndi chung. Sy ddn nhan eiia ngudi tieu diing ddi vdi san pham cua nganh nay cd thi lai trd thanh cam hiing san xuat san pham "an theo" eua nganh khac. Phim anh la mpt vi dy dien hinh.
Ngoai vai trd giai tri, phim anh ciing la mdt kenh quang ba hiiu hieu ve am nhac, thdi trang, thyc pham. Khan gia se de dang chap nhan cac san pham ciia eac ITnh vye khac khi nd dugc quang cao qua mot bp phim nao dd hay bdi chinh dien vien ciia bp phim dd. Cac dien vien dugc yeu thich qua cac bp phim tmyen hinh Dai Loan nhu Lam Tam Nhu, Lam Chi Linh, Gia Tinh Van, F4 da lam tang miic tieu thy cac san pham ma hg dai dien thuang hieu khdng chi trong nude ma cdn d nude ngoai (Laura Conigliaro, 2013).
Ben canh dd, nganh edng nghiep van boa sang tao cdn gdp phan thiic day su phat trien nganh cong nghiep du lich Dai Loan. Ngay tii nhiing nam 1990, van boa da trd thanh mdt trong nhiing chu de quan trpng ciia chien dich thuong hieu qudc gia Dai Loan. Cac thanh phd Dai Loan ciing tich eye day manh xay dyng thuang hieu thdng qua phim anh, coi day la mdt phan cua chien luge xay dyng thuong bieu dia diem (ChunYing Wei, 2017: 149). Bp phim "Thanh phd budn"
(^tf ^rtJ) eiia dao dien Hau Hieu Hien sau khi gianh dugc mdt sd giai thudng Idn tai cac lien hoan phim qudc te (Giai Su tir vang tai Lien hoan phim Venice nam 1989) da gdp phan phat triin du lich ciia thi tran Ciiu phan {K^) d quan Ca Long, thanh phd Dai Bac. Hay bd phim
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"Cupc ddi ciia Pi" (The Life of Pi) ciia dao dien Ly An cung la mpt trong nhiing ly do de Dai Trung ttd thanh diim du lich hap dan du khach nude ngoai (ChunYing Wei, 2017: 150).
2.2. Vai tro van hoa
Ben canh eac ddng gdp ve phuang dien kinh te, nganh cdng nghiep van hda sang tao Dai Loan edn cd vai trd khdi phuc, bao tdn va tmyen ba cac gia tri van hda tmyen thdng ra ben ngoai.
Thu nhdt, cdng nghiep van hda sang tao cd vai trd khdi phuc va bao tdn gia tri van hda tmyen thdng eua cdc dan tdc d Dai Loan. Van hda Dai Loan la sy pha trdn da dang giiia van hda tmyen thdng Tmng Hoa, van boa eu dan ban dia Dai Loan va dau an manh me ciia van hoa Nhat Ban ciing nhu mdt sd nude phuang Tay (My, Tay Ban Nha, Ha Lan). Nd luc ban dia hoa cac tang van boa khac nhau da tao nen sy khac biet eua van hoa Dai Loan, dd la sy hai boa giiia van hoa truyen thdng phuong Ddng va tinh hien dai, dan ehii phuong Tay. Dieu nay dugc the hien ro trong cac san pham nghe thuat thi giac eua Dai Loan nhu do gdm, ky hga, hdi hpa, dieu khae, kien tnic va cac san pham nghe thuat thi giae hien dai (nhiip anh, video, lam phim), thiet ke va thii cdng mi nghe.
Thu hai, nganh cdng nghiep van hda sang tao Dai Loan la kenh quan trpng de truyen ba cac gia tri van hda truyen thdng ra the gidi. Nghe thuat thi giac va thu cdng my nghe la mpt nganh nhieu the
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T R A N THI T H C I Y
manh ciia Dai Loan. Rat nhieu san pham nghe thuat thi giac va thu cdng my nghe Dai Loan da khang dinh dugc gia tri thiit ki va gbi nhan tren thi tmdng toan eau.
Tu nam 2003 din nam 2008, cae san phim thiit ki cua Dai Loan da gianh dugc tdng edng 651 giai thudng qudc te nhu IF, reddot, IDEA, G-Mark td chiic tai Due, Hoa Ky va Nhat Ban. Trong thap nien dhi thi ky XXI, nhiiu ca sy Dai Loan da ndi tiing va cd anh hudng d tbi tmdng am nhac chau A, nhu nam ea sy Jay Chou, nhdm nhac SHE va ban nhac Wu Yue Tian. Su thanh edng eua hg gdp phan quang ba dien mao van hoa hien dai eua Dai Loan vdi the gidi.
Ben canh dd, ndi den vai trd quang ba van boa Dai Loan khdng the khong nhac din nganh km thyc. Am thyc tao nen sy hip din cua thi tmdng du lich van hoa Dai Loan. Am thyc eiing la mdt kenh quan trpng trong chien lupc tiep can toan cau (The Global Outreach Action Plan) ciia chinh quyen tmng uong. Nam 2013, Bp Kinh t i Dai Loan da dau tu 4,2 trieu USD eho chiin dich thuc day cac mdn an Dai Loan tren toan cau, bao gdm cac ke hoach td chiie li hpi, sap xep cho dau bep ngudi Ddi Loan tham du cac cupc thi nau an qude te (Laura Conigliaro, 2013).
Bang viec qudc te hoa cac gia tri van hoa truyen thdng, eac nha lanh dao Dai Loan khdng chi muon tiep tuc "nudi dudng anh hudng van boa ngay eang tang" eua Dai Loan tren thi gidi (ChunYing Wei, 2017:
95) ma con nham tao nen mpt hinh anh
9
tieh cue vi Dai Loan vdi the gidi ma khdng can phai lien tuc tuyen tmyen hoac giai thich vi cae vin di chinh tri hien nay cho cae ddi tugng khae nhau (Laura Conigliaro, 2013).
2.3. Vai trd chinh tri, ngoai giao Vai trd eiia cdng nghiep van hda sang tao khdng chi dimg lai d khia caiih van hda ma cdn thi hien d phuang dien ehinh tri va ngoai giao. Ve mat chinh tri, nganh cdng ngbipp van hda sang tao cd tac ddng nhit dinh din ddi sdng chinh tri ciia ngudi dan Dai Loan, gdp phin nang cao nhan thire van hda va dam bao su dn dinh xa bdi. Ve ngoai giao, cdng nghiep van hda sang tao la phuang thiic quan trpng di gia tang siic manh mem Dai Loan, tang cudng sy bieu biet ciia the gidi ve gia tri van hda, con ngudi d vung lanh thd nay.
Thir nhdt, sy phat triin cua nganh cdng nghiep van hda sang tao Dai Loan gdp phdn lam phong phii ddi sdng tinh than va nang cao nhan thiic chinh tri cua ngudi dan. Theo bao eao cua Bp Van hoa Dai Loan, bmh quan thu chi cho boat dpng van boa giai tri va giao due ciia ngudi dan chiim khoang 9% den 11% bmh quan tong thu chi cua ca gia dmh, nam 2016 la 9,38%
(^m±it^, 2017: 19). Viee tang dSu ta eho tieu diing van hoa giao due khi&i cho trinh dp dan tri cua ngudi dan Dai Loan ngay eang eao va dieu nay lam cho kit qud biiu quyit cd the dam bao thih cdng bSng hgp ly va khach quan. Ngoai ra, edng nghiep van hda sang tao phat triin gdp
NGHI£N CUU TRUNG QU6C so 1 (209) - 2019
phan giai quyit vai di viec lam, giam thieu tinh b-ang that nghiep tao nen sy dn dinh cho xa bdi. Dac biet trong giai doan kbiing hoMig tai chmh, Dai Loan da phai ddi mat vdi thach thiic rk nghiem b-png, ty le that nghiep tang len ddng ki so vdi nhung nam ttirdc dd, hon loan an ninh xa bdi.
Thu hai, san pham nganh cdng nghiep van boa sang tao la mdt phuong thiic chu dao trong chien luge xay dyng siic manh mem eua Dai Loan. Do anh hudng cua chinh sach "mdt Trung Qudc" va mdi quan he chinh tri phiic tap giiia Dai Loan va Tmng Qude dai lyc nen Dai Loan khdng cd quan he ngoai giao chitih thiie vdi eac nuoc Idn ciing nhu khdng dugc hudng CO che thanh vien trong eac td chiic qudc te. Dai Loan hien nay chi cd dai dien van phdng lanh su tai 57 qudc gia gpi la Van phdng Kinh te va van hda Dai Bac. Dieu nay da bupc chinh quyen Dai Loan phai dua ra eac giai phap di duy tri vi tri dpc lap tren toan cku va quyen lyc mem la mdt trong nhung giai phap quan trpng de nang cao sy tin nhiem qude te ddi voi vimg lanh tbd nay. Nha lanh dao Dai Loan Ma Anb Cim timg tuyen bd: "Dai Bac phai gia tang sire manh mem neu mudn e6 vi the viing vang tren the gidi". Myc tieu quan trpng nhit trong ehinh sach ddi ngoai cua Dai Loan chinh la de the gidi ed sy phan biet rd rang vi Dai Loan va Tmng Qudc dai luc (ChunYing Wei, 2017: 65). Dai Loan phat dpng Chiin lupc Thuang hieu Dai Loan, nd lue xay dyng cdc thuang hieu
NGHIEN CIJIU TRUNG QUOC so 1 (209) - 20ig
ndi tieng the gidi nhu MOEA, ASUS, Trend Micro, ACER va HTC va tang cudng sy hien dien eua cae san phim van hda sang tao Dai Loan tren toan thi gidi, dac biet la tai Tmng Qudc dai lyc. Ben canh dd, sy phd bien cua phim tmyin hinh thin tugng Dai Loan, mot sd chuong trinh giai tri tmyen binh vdi cac ngdi sao noi tieng da lam cho khan gia nude ngoai hieu biet han ve vimg dat va con ngudi noi day.
Tieu ket
Co the thay rang, cung vdi sy phat trien eua nen kinb te tri tbiic va khoa bgc cdng nghe, van boa ket hpp vdi su sang tao eua con ngudi da tao ra nhijng gia tri mdi ed the ddng gdp tich eye vao cdng eupe phat trien kinh te eiing nhu nang cao vi the va binh anb cua mot quoc gia dan tpc. Nganh edng nghiep van boa sang tao Dai Loan cd vai trd quan trpng trong viee nang cao ddi sdng tinh than eua ngudi dan, la ngudn luc va ddng lyc eua nen kinh te. Cdng nghiep van boa sang tao cung gdp phan xay dyng dien mao vira hien dai vira dam chit tmyen thdng eiia cae dd thi d Dai Loan. Day la diem hap dan dac biet eua Dai Loan so vdi cae qudc gia va vimg lanh thd khac brong khu vye. Ngoai ra, ttong bdi canh sy kiem che ve mat chinh tri, ngoai giao ngay cang manh me rtr Trung Quoc dai luc, cdng nghipp van hoa sang tao ciing dupe xem la mpt "vii khi mim"
di Dai Loan tang cudng sy tin nhiem tren tmdng qude te.
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T R A N THj T H C I Y
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1 NguySn Van Hy, 2013, Tim hieu them ve cong nghiep sdng tao vd cong nghiep vdn hod, Nghien cmi Van hoa, so 3.
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« * * # . is it
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NGHIEN Cl)U TRUNG OUlC so 1 (209) - 2019