Thuc trang va giai phap phat tri^n chuong trinh dao tao ngh^ dap ung nhu cau xa hdi tai cac ca so giao due chiQ^en nghiep tren dia ban tinh Hau Giang, Viet Nam
NguygnHOuV&i Tmong Gao dang COng dong Hau Giang
Phdt tridn chuong hinh ddo tgio nghd theo hudng dap ling nhu cdu xa hdi d cdc co sd gido due ngh^ nghidp duge xem Id ndn tdng edt ldi dinh hudng cdc hosit ddng khde trong hoat ddng dao tao d cdc co sd giao due nghd nghidp. Tuy nhidn, thue td cho thay ed nhidu co sd giao dye nghd nghidp ehua ddu tu diing miic cho edng vide ndy. Trong khudn khd bdi vidt ndy, tdc gid tdp tmng tim hidu ly thuydt vd phdt tridn chuong hinh dao tao vd tidn hanh didu tra, khao sat, phan tich thuc trang viec phat trien chuong tnnh dao tgo, qua dd dd xudt quy trinh phdt hien chuang trinh ddo t^o d ede eo sd gido due nghd nghidp trdn dia ban tinh Hau Giang trong thdi gian tdi.
1. Gidi thieu
Qua trinh ddi mdi giao dye va dao tao ndi chung va giao dye nghd nghidp ndi ridng d nude ta da va dang dat ra nhtrng yeu cdu mdi ve ndi dung va chuong trinh dao tao. Tuy nhidn, ehuong trinh dao ndi chung vd chuong trinh dao tao nghe ndi ridng eua eac co sd giao due nghd nghidp van cdn Igc hdu so vdi nhu edu xd hdi do nhieu nguydn nhan, trong dd cd nguydn nhan CO ban la cdng tac nghidn ciru img dyng trong phdt tridn chucmg trinh ddo tao chua dugc quan tdm diing mtrc, vide thiet kd chuong trinh ddo tao edn nang vd kinh nghidm, thieu ddi ngd chuydn gia va chua cd su tham gia tich eye eiia cdc don vi sii dyng lao ddng trong vide ddng gdp "xdy dyng, thiet kd, phdt tridn chuong trinh dao tao". Van de nay dugc chi rd trong Quyet dinh sd 711/QD-TTg ngdy 13 tiidng 06 ndm 2012 ve vide phd duydt Chien luge phdt tridn gido dye 2011-2020: "Ndi dung chuong hinh, phuang phdp day vd hgc, cdng tac thi, kiem ha, ddnh gid chdm dugc ddi mdi. Ndi dung chuong hinh edn nang vd ly thuyet, phuang phap day hgc lac hdu, ehua phti hgp vdi ddc thu khdc nhau cua eac loai hinh co sd gido due, vting midn va ede ddi tugng ngudi hge; nhd trudng ehua gdn chdt vdi ddi sdng kinh td, xa hdi, chua chuyen mgnh sang dao tao theo nhu edu xa hdi; chua chii hgng giao due ky nang sdng, phdt huy tinh sdng tao, nang Igc thuc hanh ciia hgc sinh, sinh vidn".
Vdi nhiing iy do trdn, chung tdi tidn hdnh khao sat ddnh gia thuc trang vide phdt tridn chuong trinh dao tao nghd d eae co sd gido dye nghd nghidp tren dia ban tinh Hau Giang, nham dd xudt qui hinh phdt trien chuang trinh dao tao d edc eo sd gido dye nghe nghidp trdn dia bdn tinh Hau Giang theo hudng dap dng nhu eau xd hOi.
2. Ttitfc trang phat y:m chirong trinh dao tao nghe dap ung nhu cau xa hoi d cac ce sd giao due nghe nghiep tai tinh Hau Giang:
Kdt qud lay y kidn cdn bg qudn ly (CBQL), gidng vidn (GV), nhdn vien (NV) d cdc co sd giao due nghd nghidp; Idy y kidn lanh dao co quan nhd nude (LD CQNN) va ede co sd sii dyng lao d6ng (CS SDLD); Idy
^ kidn sinh vien (SV) dang hge vd sinh vien tdt nghidp d cde CO sd gido dye nghd nghidp nghd hidn dang 1dm vide tai cde ca sd sir dung lao d6ng hdn dia ban tinh Hau Giang vd ndi dung qudn ly phdt tridn chuang trinh ddo tao.
2.1. Thuc trang ve ndi dung quan ly chmmg trinh dao tao:
Kdt qua nghidn ciiu eho thdy, qudn ly phat tridn chucmg trinh dao tao d muc do kha. Cae ndi dung ddu cd didm tmng binh trdn 3.9. Cy the, ndi dung ed diem tmng binh cao nhdt Id ndi dung td chdc, thyc hien kd hoach vdi didm tmng binh 4.02. Tiep theo Id nOi dung lap ke hoach phat tridn chuong trinh dao tao vdi diem tmng binh la 3.98. Ke tiep Id ndi dung chi dao, theo doi phdt trien chuong trinh dao tao vdi diem tmng binh Id 3.94. Cudi ciing la ndi dung kidm tra, ddnh gid phat trinh ehuong tnnh dao tao vdi diem tmng binh la 3.92.
Ddu tidn, trong ndi dung Idp kd hoach, qudn Iy phat trien ehuong trinh ddo tao ed didm tmng binh d mtrc khd trdn 3.9 lan lugt: Xde dinh muc tidu, cdu tnie ndi dung ddo tao vd thdi lugng dao tao eao nhdt vdi diem tmng binh Id 4.01; Xdy dyng cdc loai kd hoaeh cho viec thuc hien phdt trien ehuong trinh ddo tao cd diem tmng binh 3.99 xep d vl tri thii hai; Vi tri Uiii ba la ndi dung xac dinh vd ddnh gia tinh hinh phdt trien ehuong trinh ddo tao vdi didm tmng binh Id 3,98; ndi dung Xde
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NGHIEN CUU
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dinh ede ngudn lye eho vide thuc hidn phdt tridn be qudn If, giang vien, nhan vien ea ba ndi dung ddnh chuang trinh ddo t^o cd didm tmng binh Id 3.95 xdp vi gia vd chuang trinh ddo tao d co sd gido dye nghe M thd tu. Cudi ciing Id ngi dung Xay dyng quy chd nghiep ddu ed ty Id ebon phu hgp tidn 70%. Cy thd:
phdt tridn chuang tnnh ddo tao cd didm tmng binh . p^e; ^^^g ^ ^ ^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^ j ^ ^^^^ cao nhdt 3.94 . Dieu nay eho thay viec xac dinh nhidm vu, mye vdi 77% ty If ebon phu hop vd 20 3% tvle chon rdt phu tidu, xay dyng quy ehd phdt hidn, xde dinh cdc ngudn hgp. Tdng tj If ndy len ddn 97 3% Chidm ban 4/5 mau lyc duge chii trgng nhung chi vdn dimg d miie dd khd. nghien ctm. Day cQng la ndi dung ed ty Id sinh vidn Trong ndi dung td chtrc thye hidn qudn ty phdt tridn chgn phii va rdt phil hgp eao nhdt vdi tdng t>' id Idn chuong tnnh ddo tao cd nam n6i dung cy the deu ed den 97%. Tuy nhien theo ddnh gia ciia Idnh dao co didm tmng binh d mtrc khd. Trong dd, ndi dung qudn quan nhd nude vd eo sd sii dyng lao ddng ndi dung ly ed didm tmng binh eao nhat Id theo ddi, ddn ddc ndy cbi xdp vi tri thd ba VOT tdng ty le chgn phu hgp vd cdn bg, giang vidn thue hidn kd hoach phdt tridn rat phii hgp la 82.4%
chuang trinh ddo tao vdi 4.06 didm, day eung la mtrc didm tmng binh cao nhdt trong qudn ly vide ehiie thye hidn cdc che dd, chinh sach ddi vdi sinh vidn. Tuy diing d vi tri thtr nhdt nhung van ed den 1.3% ty le chgn ydu vd 19.4% ty Id chgn tmng binh. Tiep den Id hai ndi dung Hudng ddn edn bd, giang vien thye hien kd hoaeh phat trien chuong trinh dao tao vd Ra nhung quydt dinh dieu ehinh ehuong trinh ddo tao theo ede didu kidn ddp ling co sd giao dye nghd nghidp (gidng vidn, CO sd vdt ehdt, trang thidt bi) cd didm tmng binh Id 4.02.
Trong ndi dung chi dao, theo ddi vide thye hidn kd hoach phdt trien chuong trinh ddo tao cd sdu nOi dung cu thd deu cd didm tmng binh d mtrc khd. Cao nhdt Id ndi dung Theo ddi, ddn doe can bd, giang vien thue hien kd hoach phdt tridn ehuong trinh dao tao vdi didm tmng binh la 4.06. Hai ndi dung xep vi tri thtr hm ed didm tmng binh bang nhau la: Hudng ddn can bd, gidng vidn thue hien ke hoach phdt tiidn chuong hinh ddo tao; Ra nhimg quydt dinh didu chinh chuang trinh ddo tao theo cdc didu kidn ddp ting eo sd gido dye nghd nghidp (gidng vidn, co sd vat ehdt, trang thidt bi) v6\
diem tmng binh 4.02. Xep vi tii thii ba la n6i dung Theo su Uen bg cua khoa hge edng nghe dd tien hanh didu chinh chuong trinh dao tao cd didm tmng binh la 3.86.
Cudi eung, cac ndi dung kidm tra, ddnh gid vi^c thgc bidn phdt tridn chuong trinh ddo tao deu ed di^m tmng binh hen 3.9 roi d mtrc khd ciia thang do. Ndi dung Yeu cdu cdc bg phan cd lien quan bdo cdo vd tinh hinh dieu ehinh ehuong trinh ddo tao theo nam hge cd diem tmng binh eao nhdt vdi 4.0. Tiep theo Id ndi dung Xdy dung va pho bien nhOng qui djnh vd kidm tra edng tde phdt trien ehuong trinh ddo tao vdi didm tmng binh 3.97. Ke dd la ngi dung Kdt hgp cac hinh thuc kidm tra djnh ky theo nam hgc trong viec didu chinh chuang trinh ddo tao vdi didm tmng binh 3.92. Xdp vi tri thii tu id ndi dung: Td chiie danh gia, nit kinh nghiem didu ehinh chuong trinh dao tao vdi 3.91.
Vi tri thu nam la ndi dung Cd che dd khen thudng vd xii phat hgp ly ti^ong viec thuc hien didu chinh chuong trinh ddo tao cd didm tmng binh 3.80.
2.2. Thuc trang vd miic do phii hgp ciia chuong trinh dao tao nghd:
Kdt qua nghidn ciiu eho thdy, Uieo ddnh gia cua can
- Xdp vl Iri thii hai la Ndi dung eau tnie ndi dung dao tao cd 79% tj le chgn phii hgp va 16.5% ty Id chgn rdt phu hgp. Tdng ty le ndy len den 95.5%. Chidm hon 4/5 mau nghidn etru. SV edng ngi dung ndy eiing duge xdp vi tri thd hai 74.6% ty Id chgn phd hgp va 21.3% ty le chgn rdt phti hgp. Nhung theo ddnh gid eiia lanh dao eo quan nha nude va co sd sir dung lao ddng ndi dung ndy ehi xdp vi tri thu ba vdi tdng tj' If chgn phfi hgp va rdt phii hgp Id 80.6%.
- Cudi eung, Ndi dung thdi lugng dao tao xdp vi tri Uiii ba cd 73.6% ty le chgn phii hgp va 19.6% t^ If clign rdt phil hgp. Tdng ty le ndy Idn ddn 93.2%. Chidm hon 4/5 mdu nghien euu. Vi tri xdp hang nay cting dugc sinh vien ddnh gid danh cho ndi dung tren vdi tdng t^ If chgn phu hgp va rdt phti hgp la 93.8%. Tuy nhidn tiieo danh gid ciia lanh dao eo quan nha nude va ca sd sir dyng lao ddng ndi dung nay lai dugc danh gia cao nhdt vdi tong ty Id chgn phti hgp vd rdt phil hgp la 84.2%
Cd the thdy, ea ba ndi dung ve chuong trinh ddo tao deu ed ti Id chgn phti hgp rdt eao. Nhu vdy chuong trinh ddo tao d cae co sd giao dye nghd nghidp phil hgp vdi ngudi hgc tuy nhidn mdc dg rdt phii hgp d ea ba ngi dung vdn chua cao chi dao ddng tu 16.5% ddn 20.3% theo ddnh gid eua can bd qudn Iy, gidng vidn, nhdn vien va sinh vidn dao ddng tu 21% ddn 26%. Do dd, cae edn bd qudn ly cdn ndng cao chat lugng cting nhu can cd su thay ddi, didu chinh trong muc tidu, can tnie ngi dung ddo tao vd thdi lugng ddo tao de ndng eao mtrc do phti hgp ciia ehuong trinh ddo tao dam bdo dap ling nhu cau ngudi hgc.
2.3. Thuc trang vd tinh ddng thuSn trong xdy dung chuong trinh dao tao nghd:
Kdt qud cho thay, theo ddnh gid cila cdn bd qudn Iy, gidng vien, nhdn vidn trong ba ngi dung xay dung chuang trinh dao tao d co sd gido due nghe nghiep ehi cd mdt ndi dung ed tan sd ddng y cao nhdt chidm hon 80%, hai ndi dung cdn lai ehi cd tan sd ddng y dudi 26%, cy thd:
- Xdp vi tri dau tien la ngi dung xdy dung chuang trinh ddo tao theo tin cd 85.6% tdn sd ddng y, chiem ban 4/5 mdu nghien ciiu. Ddy cting la n6i dung c6 ty le sinh vien ddng y eao nhat vdi 84.1 % sinh vien lua chon
- Tidp theo, n6i dung xay dyng chuang trinh dao
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ICINH Tfi C H A U A -Tnitao Uieo modun xep vi tri Oiii hai cd 25.1 % tan sd ddng y, chidm hon 1/5 mdu nghidn ciiu. Tuy nhidn, theo danh gia ciia sinh vidn ngi dung ndy cd ty le ddng y la 9.7% xdp vi tri thii ba.
- Cudi cdng, ndi dung xay dyng chuang hinh ddo tao theo nien chd xdp vi tri thii ba chi cd 18.1% tan sd ddng y, chidm dudi 1/5 mau nghien etru. Ndi dung nay lai cd ty le sinh vidn ddng y xep vi hi thii hai vdi 14.7%.
Cd the thdy, ed su khdc bidt hong ddnh gid ve xdy dyng chuong trinh dao tao d cdc co sd giao due nghe nghif p gitia can bd qudn ly, giang vien, nhdn vidn vd sinh vidn gida hai ndi dung xay dung chuong trinh dao tao theo nidn chd va xay dung ehuong trinh dao tao theo md dun. Tuy nhidn, ea hai nhdm khdch thd cdn bd quan ly, gidng vien, nhdn vidn vd sinh vien ddu eho rang ndn xdy dung chuang trinh ddo tao tin chi thay cho chuang trinh dao tao nien chd. Dieu ndy hoan toan phd hgp vdi mye tieu dao tao ngudn nhan luc ed nang lyc, kha nang thich nghi vd hgc tdp sudt ddi.
2.4. Thuc trang ve miic do phd hgp chuong trinh dao tao ddo tao ngh^:
Kdt qua khao sdt eho thay, diem tmng binh ehung trong viee ddnh gid mire dd phii hgp cda muc tidu, ndi dung chuong trinh dao tao d co sd giao dye nghe nghidp so vdi ydu cdu cua edc co sd sit dyng lao ddng dua trdn ddnh gia ctia can bd qudn Iy, gidng vidn, nhan vien ed diem tmng binh Id 3.74 vd sinh vidn Id 3.85 deu roi vdo miic khd ctia thang do.
Theo ddnh gid cua cdn bd quan \f, giang vidn, nhdn vien cd ba ndi dung ddu ed didm tmng binh trdn 3.60 roi d miic khd ciia thang do, ey thd:
- Xdp vi tri dau tidn Id ndi dung vd kidn thdc ed diem tmng binh Id 3.85 vdi 61% ty Id chgn tuong ddi eao vd 12.6% ty le chgn cao, tdng ty If nay Idn den 73.6%, chiem hon 3/10 mau nghidn ciru. Nhung theo ddnh gid cua sinh vien ndi dung nay ehi xep vi tri thtr hai vdi didm tmng binh Id 3.83.
- Xdp VI tri tiid hai Id ndi dung ve thdi do, tdc phong nghd nghiep cd diem tmng blnh Id 3.71 vdi 49.6% ty le chgn tuong ddi eao vd 13.7% ty Id chgn cao, tdng ty Id ndy 63.3%. Tuy nhidn, theo ddnh gid eiia sinh vidn day la ndi dung duge danh gia phu hgp nhdt vdi didm hung binh la 3.82.
- Cudi cting la ndi dung vd ky nang ed diem hung binh 3.67 vdi 52.6% ty Id chgn tuong ddi cao vd 9.7% ty Id chgn eao, tdng ty Id ndy la 62.2%. Day cting la ndi dung ed ty Id SV chgn tiidp nhdt vdi didm hung binh Id 3.82.
3. Giai phap phat trien chumig trinh dao tao nghe dap ling nhu cau xa hoi tai tinh Hau Giang:
- Cdn eii vdo sii mang va tam nhin ciia nha trudng, nhdm thuc thi duge phdn edng tidn hdnh khdo sdt thi hudng lao ddng, xdy dyng ho so nang luc, ddnh gia xu hudng phat tridn eua nganh dao tao, dong thdi nghidn ciiu cdc chuang trinh dao tao tien tien trong vd ngodi
nude. Nhdm thyc thi dd xudt eho nhdm chi dao (tiidng qua Ban thu ky) vd vifc xdy dyng, dieu ehinh ehudn ddu ra vd ehuong trinh ddo tao.
- Ban Gidm hieu phd duydt dd xudt va ehi dao tiianh Idp nhdm thye thi thue hien xdy dyng, dieu chinh chuang trinh ddo tao. Nhdm thyc thi tien hanh xay dung, didu chinh muc tidu va chudn dau ra eiia nganh dao tao. Xdy dyng, didu chinh chuang trinh ddo tao chu trgng vide rd sodt ehuong tiinh ddo tao nhdm dam bdo tinh he thdng, tinh lien thdng vdi cde ehuong trinh ddo tao gitra cde bdc vd hd dao tao. Sdn phdm eda budc ndy la dy thdo chuang trinh ddo tao lan 1.
- Trdn co sd dy thdo chuang trinh ddo tao Idn 1, nhdm thyc thi tien hdnh td chdc Idy y kien cae bdn lien quan (don vi su dung lao ddng, euu sinh vien, gidng vidn, cdn bd qudn Iy gido dye,...). Thdng tin thu thap duge, nhdm thyc thi hoan ehinh chuong trinh ddo tao de dua ra san pham Id du thdo chuang trinh dao tao Idn 2.
- Can ctr vdo mye tidu ddo tao vd chudn ddu ra eiia chuang tiinh ddo tao d du thao chuong trinh dao tao lan 2, nhdm thuc thi tidn hdnh xay dung, didu chinh cdc chuong trinh hge phan (CTHP) vd ehuong tiinh gidng day hgc phdn (CT GDHP) theo hudng ddp ling nhu eau xd hdi. Lap kd hoach thyc hien viee bien soan, cap nhdt vd bd sung ngudn hgc lidu phye vy eho ehuong trinh dao tao. Thanh lap Hdi dong thdm dinh vide xdy dyng, didu ehinh chuang tnnh ddo tao. Hoan tdt viec tiidm dinh, ra quydt dinh ban hdnh vd td chiie tridn khai Uiyc hien ehuong trinh theo quy dinh hien hanh.
- Ty ddnh gid ehuong trinh ddo tao hang ndm ttr dd tim ra va khac phyc ti'nh khdng phii hgp ctia chuong hinh./.
Tai iieu tham khao
Trdn Khdnh Due (2014). Gido dye vd phat trien ngudn nhdn lue thd ky XXI. Nxb Gido dye Viet Nam.
Pham HOu Ldc (2016). Phat tridn chuong trinh dao tao theo tidp can CDIO nhdm nang eao chdt lugng ddo tao dap ting nhu edu xa hdi. Tap ehi Gido due sd 381.
Nguydn Danh Nam (2019). Phdt trien chuang trinh dao tao theo djnh hudng nghd nghiep ling dung d Viet Nam. Tap chi Khoa hgc vd Cdng nghe Dai hge Thdi Nguydn.
Qude hdi (2014). Luat Giao dye nghd nghiep sd 74/2014/QHI3, ed hidu lue ttr ngay 01 thang 7 nam 2015.