Nghien cuu, bien soan
Bach Ichoa toan thu am thuc Viet Nam
ViroTQg Xuan Tinh'
' Vifn Dan tgc hgc, Vi^n Han lam Khoa hgc xi hgi Viet Nam.
Email: vxtinh56@yahoo.com
Nhan ngdy 22 thdng 4 ndm 2019. Chdp nhdn ddng ngdy 16 thing 7 ndm 2019.
Tom tat: Trong De an bien soan Bach khoa toan thu (BKTT) Vigt Nam, dm thye thuoc Quyen 36.
Day la lan ddu tien Viet Nam xay dyng BKTT v8 am thye nen khi trien khai, can tham khao each thye hign cua mgt sd nudc tren the gidi. De nghien cdu va bien soan, each tiep can lien nganh, tiep c|in tdng hgp, ciing vdi phuang phap tdng quan tai lieu va phuang phap chuyen gia dugc chu trgng.
Sau khi xac dinh myc tii am thye theo viing van hda va theo hg thong chuyen nganh, cd 378 muc tit dugc de xuat bien soan, sap xep theo 6/7 loai hinh do Ban Chi dao De an bien soan BKTT Vigt Nam hudng dan. Vigc lya chgn myc td con dugc dya tren cac nguyen tac cua Ban Chi dao.
Tur khoa: Bach khoa toan thu am thye, Vi?t Nam, nghi6n cihi, bien so?in, myc td.
Phan loai nganh: Dan tgc hgc
Abstract: In the Scheme to Compile the Vietnam Encyclopedia, the theme of gastronomy is to be in Volume 36. The country is for the first time compiling such a volume, so it needs to study the work done by a number of other countries in the world. For research and compilation, an interdisciplinary, integrated approach, and the method of material overview, and that of experts are attached importance to. After the identification of word entries of gastronomy by cultural regions and by a specialised system, 378 of them were proposed to be compiled, arranged in accordance with six out of seven types as guided by the Steering Committee of the Scheme. The selection of entries was also based on the principles set by the committee.
Keywords: Encyclopedia of gastronomy, Vietnam, research, compilation, word entries.
Subject classification: Ethnology
Vuong Xuan Tinh I. Md dau
Trong mgi thdi dai, mgi hoan canh, dm thuc luon la mdi quan tdm hang ddu eua con ngudi, kd ca d cap dd ca nhdn, cgng ddng, qudc gia hay nhan loai. Sd dT nhu vdy bdi hon het, am thuc dap dng nhu cau dinh dudng cho tdn tai, va theo do, lidn quan ddn quyen lyc, sy chia se, ket ndi xa hdi vd phan anh sau sac nhiing dae diem van hda.
Am tbyc luon la ddi tugng eua nhidu ITnh vyc nghien cdu. Trdn the gidi, cd thd udc tdi hang van edng trinh vd dm thuc.
Tiep can nghien cuu dm thye cd nhidu hudng, song ndi bat Id nghidn cdu dudi gdc do ndng ngMep, sinh hge, y te, kinh te, dinh duong, nhdn hgc, dan tgc hgc, van hda hgc, xa hdi hge, sd hge. Trdn co sd dd, da xudt Men nMeu nghidn cdu lidn nganh, kd cd giiia khoa hgc ty nhidn va khoa hgc xa hgi.
Trong ngMen cuu dm thuc, nhidm vy quan trgng la bidn soan, xuat ban BKTT.
Cdng tririh nay eung cap nhdn thuc toan di?n vd dm thye. Ddn nay, BKTT ve dm thye da dugc nhidu nudc, nhat la cac nudc phuang Tay thye Men rdt cdng phu, va dac bi^t phat trien td nhiing nam 80 cua the ky XX. Tuy nhidn, do am thuc Hen quan den nhieu ITnh vyc khoa hgc, nen du xdy dyng mdt BKTT chuydn nganh d cap do nao ciing khdng bao quat dugc mgi ITnh vyc.
Am thye Vidt Nam dugc danh gid la da dang va dde dao, bdi dya trdn ngudn luong thye, thye phdm phong phu va giao luu vdi nhieu nen am thuc trdn the gidi nen chi dung sau am thye Trung Qudc vd am thye Phap. Song, viec nghien cuu am thuc Viet Nam chi dugc chu trgng td khi tidn hanh cdng cugc ddi mdi (1986), vdi hai khuynh hudng chinh. Mot Id, nghien cdu ve lich sd
am thuc: cdc ngMen cdu nay thudng dugc Idng ghep trong tim hidu vd dm thuc vung, midn hoac am thye cua tdc ngudi; va trong sd cac nghien cuu, vide phan anh lich su dm thye ro net nhat la tac phdm Khdm phd dm thuc truyin thdng Viet Nam [11]. Hai Id, xem xet dac didm dm thye: nhiing ngMen cuu nay rdt phong phii, trong do cd trinh bay vd dm thye chung eua Viet Nam [4], [7]; am thye ciia ngudi Viet d ba mien Bdc, Trung, Nam [1], [3], [8]; [12]; dm thye cua cac tdc ngudi thieu sd [2], [5], [6], [10].
Ngoai ra, phai kd den edng trmh bien soan ve Tie dien mon dn Viet Nam [9], vdi vide trinh bay each ehe bien mdn an, nhung cdn it chu y tdi dac diem vdn hda.
Nhung cdng trinh ngMdn edu da neu tuy da dang, song chua phdn anh toan didn va dap ling nhu edu phat trien cua dm thye Viet Nam, chua gdp phdn quang ba dm thuc cua dat nudc vdi the gidi. Bdi vay, Dd an bien soan BKTT Viet Nam da xdy dyng hgp phdn am thuc. Nhdm bidn soan vd Am thye thudc Quyen 36 - gdm 4 hgp phdn la Du lich, Thd dye the thao, Am thye va Trang phuc.
Dd gop phdn tbyc hidn nhiem vu dugc giao, tu tim hidu kinh nghiem cua nudc ngoai, kd thua thdnh tuu ngMen cdu trong nudc, bai viet nay se de xudt each tiep can, phuang phap nghidn edu va bien soan BKTT dm thye Viet Nam.
2. Bach khoa toan thu- am thuc d nudc ngoai Qua khao sat 20 quydn BKTT dm thyc^, hoac lien quan ddn dm tbyc bdng tidng Anh dd tham khao kinh nghiem, chiing tdi cd mdt sd nhdn xet nhu sau:
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Cdu tnie cua cac BKTT la: (1) Bia (gM ten cua BKTT, ten cua Tdng Bidn tap hay bien tap); (2) Thdng tin ve Ban Bidn tap (cd the cd Hdi ddng tu vdn bien tap); (3) Ldi cdm cm; (4) CM ddn each sd dung; (5) Danh muc bang, ban dd; (6) Muc luc; (7) Ldi ndi ddu; (8) Tu loai.
Vd td chdc bien tdp va tdc gid, thudng cdc BKTT cd Tdng Bidn tap hay bien tap.
Ban Bien tap va tac gia. Vdi tae gia, ed the chinh Id Tdng Bien tap, bien tap va cac thdnh vien trong Ban Bidn tap; ngoai ra cd nhiing tac gid dugc gM tryc tidp d mue td.
Trong sd cac BKTT da ndu, cM cd BKTT ve an udng: Huang ddn dinh duang cho siec khde [17] cd ca cdu bien tap phue tap nhat (gdm: 4 Ddng Tong Bien tap; 2 Ddng Phd Tdng Bien tap; 1 Bidn tap trg giup; I Giara ddc bien tap; 2 Ddng Giam dde my thudt; 2 Chii giai vd thudc; 1 Trg ly bidn tap; 1 Tu vdn san phdm; 1 ngudi phu trdch anh). Ve tae gid, BKFTvi vi khudn thuc phdm vdi dung lugng 3.243 trang, cd tdi ban 400 tdc gia cua cac myctu[14].
Cae BKTT vd dra thye hay lien quan den dm thuc ddu dya trdn ket qud nghien cuu lien nganh, nhu giiia dinh dudng hgc, kinh te, van hda [20]; dinh duong hgc, hda hgc, sinh hgc, van hda [15]; ndng nghiep, kinh td, hda hgc, sinh hgc, dinh dudng hgc, van hda [16]; dinh duong, sinh hgc, y hgc, van hda [17]; van hoa, nhan hgc, dan tdc hgc, su hgc, xa hdi hgc, dulieh [13], [18].
Viec td chuc muc td eua cac BKTT cd hai khuynh hudng chinh: (1) Td chdc theo vdn tu A ddn Z; (2) Td chdc theo vdn de va trong mdi vdn de, trinh bay td loai theo A, B, C. Ca hai each to chue trdn ddu cd tai lidu dge them hoac tai lieu tham khdo d eudi rauc tu. Theo do, neu cudi rauc tu cd
tai lieu dge thdm, d ndi dung trinh bay khdng ghi trich ddn; cdn ndu cudi muc td cd tai lieu tham khao, d ndi dung trinh bay se ddn ngudn eu thd. Trong cac myc td, c6 the trinh bay bang, bidu dd, sa dd, ban do hay Mnh anh.
Sy hgp tac trong xdy dung BKTT thudng rdt rdng, nhat Id vdi nhiing cdng trinh cdn lien nganh cao. Cd cdng trinh nhu da ddn vd BKTT vi khudn thiec phdm [14]
tap hgp han 400 tae gia thudc nhiing ITnh vyc sinh hgc, hda hge, ndng ngMep, dinh duong hgc, kinh te, van hda d ca 5 chdu luc.
Theo do, dung lugng cua mdi cdng trinh ciing rdt Idn: c6 nhiing cdng trinh gdm nhidu tap, raoi tap khoang gan 1.000 trang [18]; cd cdng trinh cM cd mdt tap, vdi hon 6.000 trang [15].
Trong sd cac BKTT da neu, chung tdi chgn BKTT Am thuc vd Vdn hda Iam mdu chinh dd tham khao [18], [19]. Ngoai viec td chuc bien tap chung nhu da dd cap, mue td cua BKTT nay dugc td chdc theo each xdp tu loai tu A ddn Z, song van phan anh dac didm dm thye theo ngudn thue an, mdn an, each chd bidn, bieu tugng an udng, khdng gian an udng, lich sd an udng, nhan vat cd ddng gdp cho sy phat tridn cua dm tbyc, dm thye va tdn gido, dm thye va nhdm xa hdi, dm thuc va quyen lyc, dm thye ciia eac vimg tren thd gidi. Theo do, cd thd nghTa eua tu loai ehua mang dac didm hay gia tri dm thye, song ndi dung trinh bay lai phan anh dieu dy. Vi dy, tu loai "Viet Nam"
dugc xdp trong trdt tu A, B, C; vd ndi dung thi trinh bay ve am thue cua Viet Nam; td loai "Dao Ca ddc" ciing duge xdp trong trat tu A, B, C, cdn ngi dung trinh bay lai cM lien quan ddn dm thye cua tdn gido nay.
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Vuong Xuan Tinh 3. Cach tiep can va phinmg phap nghien
cuu, bien soan Bach khoa toan thir am thtfc Viet Nam
Am thye thudc ITnh vyc Udn quan den nhieu ngdnh, vi vay tiep can lidn nganh la rat can tMdt khi bien soan BKTT. Bai viet nay se tap trung ldm rd each tiep can lien nganh thudc ITnh vuc khoa hgc xa hgi, ma truae hit la tidp can nhan hgc. Trong nhdn hgc cd rdt nhidu phan nganh, song cdn chd trgng bdn phdn nganh cd lien quan, do la nhdn hgc tap quan am tbyc, nhdn hgc dinh duong, nhdn hge an ninh luong thye va nhan hgc an toan thye phdm. Thie hai, tidp can ddn tdc hgc xem xet tinh tdc ngudi bidu Mdn trong dm thuc, vi mdi tdc ngudi thudng cd mdt sd truyen thdng am thye rieng, thd hidn trong mdn an hay each thdc an udng. Thie ba, tidp can vdn hda hge nhdm tim Mdu ddc didm, sy tidp xuc, giao luu van hda cua dm thuc. Thu tu, tidp can su hgc dd xem xet qua trinh phat tridn va bidn ddi cua dm thye. Nhiing tiep can da neu se thd hien trong trinh bay eac muc td;
va tuy timg dac diem cua myc tu ma viec lien nganh dugc tbyc hidn d rade do nao.
Bdn canh tidp can lidn nganh trong khoa hgc xa hdi, kM bien soan BKTT ve dm thuc, cdn cd tidp can he thdng. Am thye Viet Nam phong phii vd da dang, duang nMen cd mdi quan he sdu sdc vdi nhiing dieu kien khac (nhu ty nhien, lieh su, cMnh di, kinh td, xa hdi, van hda). Bdi vay, viee trinh bay BKTT dm thye Vi?t Nam cln phan anh cMdu canh nay.
Cung vdi tiep can, can xdy dung phuang phap khi ngMen cuu va bidn soan BKTT.
Cd hai phuong phap chinh dugc thye Men.
Mpt Id, phuang phap tdng quan. Ddy la phuang phap quan trgng nhdt, bdi viec bidn soan phdi dua tren kd thua tai lieu, va trong phuang phap nay, can chii trgng viec suu tam, khai thac, ddnh gia, phdn tieh va tdng hgp tai lieu (nhu cac sach, bai tap cM, tu lieu luu trii, Man van, Man an cd lien quan).
Hai Id, phuang phap chuydn gia. Phuang phap nay eho phep khai thac tdi da ngudn lyc tri tue d trong nude, dya trdn co sd xac dinh diing chuydn gia d tiJmg ITnh vyc de xdy dung che do, ke hoach, tbyc hidn hgp tac trong nghidn cuu, bidn soan cac mue td lien quan den nMeu kMa eanh khac nhau.
4. Noi dung nghien cihi va bien scan Bach khoa toan thir am thirc Viet Nam
BKTT vd dm thye phai phan anh nhung vdn dh CO ban eua dm tbyc Viet Nara, do la: (1) Co sd va qud trinh cua am thuc (ngudn lucmg thuc, thye phdm, dd udng, tich trir, trao ddi, chd bidn, su dung); (2) Dac didm chung dm thye eua Viet Nam; (3) Dae diem dm thye cua 8 vung van hda, gdm: Vung ddng bdng, trung du Bdc Bd; Vung Ddng Bdc; Vung Tay Bdc; Vung Bdc Trung Bg;
Viing ven bidn Trung va Nara Trung Bg;
Vimg Trudng Son - Tay Nguyen; Vung Ddng Nam Bd; Vimg Tay Nam Bd; vd hat nhdn cua cac vung van hda do (nhu dm thye Ha Ngi, dm thuc Hud, dm thye Sai Gdn);
(4) Dac diem am thuc cua cac tdc ngudi (co ban gan vdi vimg van hda); (5) Giao luu vd hdi nhap vdn hda (vdi dm thuc Trung Qudc, am thuc An Do, ara thye Phap, dm thuc My, am thye cdc nudc Ddng Nam A); (6) Am thye ndng thdn, dm thuc dd thi; (7) Cac sdc thai van hda khdc (tinh cgng ddng, dang cdp, Ida tudi, gidi tinh, tdn giao. Id hdi, kieng ky). Nhiing vdn dd co ban neu trdn khdng ehi phan anh trong tuong quan cua tdng sd myc td, md tuy tdng dieu kien, cdn phan anh trong ndi dung mdi mue tu.
Dd bien soan, edn ngMen cuu, xay dyng bang danh muc tu loai, ddm bdo yeu cau da neu. Trudc hdt, nhdm dm thye da tien hanh xem xet muc tu am thuc d 8 viing van hda gan vdi tdc ngudi, nhdm xa hgi va tdn giao.
Phuang phdp chinh dd thuc Men la tdng quan tdi lieu, thdng ke va phuang phap chuydn gia. Qua do, nhdm da tap hgp dugc 1.140 muc td. Tidp theo, nhdm xay dung danh myc td theo he thdng chuyen nganh trdn CO sd khung trinh bay muc tu dm thye Viet Nam. Khung nay cd vai trd nhu "cay muc td", nham bao quat cac vdn dd lidn quan den dm thuc cua Viet Nam, song ciing loai dugc nhiing tu tning lap giua 8 vung van hda. Khung muc tu do dugc xac dinh, vdi cac vi du kera theo nhu sau: (1) Dd an:
gdm ngudn luong thye, tbyc pham; phuong thuc che bidn (dung nhiet lugng, khdng dung nhiet lugng va kdt hgp ca hai, dyng cu chd bien); mdn an (com, chdo, biin, phd, my, bu tidu, thuc man, thuc ehay, banh, keo); (2) Dd udng: rugu, bia, trd, nudc vdi, cafe; (3) Hut va an trdu: thudc lao, thudc la.
tbudc phidn, trdu re, trdu vd; (4) Cach thdc an, udng, hiit va an trdu: td chuc an udng, khdng gian dn udng, dn udng vdi duong sinh, tri benh, khdu vi, kieng ky trong an udng; (5) Am thye vung, midn; Ddng Bdc, Ddng Nam Bd, Ddng bdng, trung du Bdc Bd, Hd Ndi, Hud, Midn Bdc, Midn Nam, Midn Tnmg, Sai Gdn, Tay Bde, Tay Nam Bg, Tdy Nguydn; (6) Am thye tgc ngudi:
am thuc ciia mdt sd ddn tdc nhu Kinh, Mudng, Tay, Thai, Nung, Hoa, Cham, E-de, Hmdng, Kha-me, Kho-mu; (7) Am thye tdn gido: dm thuc cua mgt sd tdn giao nhu Cdng giao, Hdi giao, Phdt gido. Tin Ldnh.
Qua thdng kd theo khung ndu trdn, nhom da xac dinh dugc 552 muc tu. Cudi cung, td danh muc tu loai theo he thdng chuyen nganh, nhom da xdy dyng danh muc tu loai vdi 7 loai Mnh do Ban CM dao Men soan BKTT hudng dan dd thdng nhdt eho tat cd cdc nganh khoa hgc. Dd la cdc myc tu: (I) Nhan danh; (2) Dia danh; (3) He thdng khai niem, thudt ngti, sy vdt, hien tugng; (4) Nhdm phai, trao luu, khuynh hudng; (5) Td chuc, sy kidn; (6) Tdc phdm, van kidn, sach bao, tap chi; (7) Khai quat ve Uch sd hinh thanh, phat trien nganh. Do gidi han tdng sd muc tu dugc giao khdng nhidu, trong danh muc tu loai theo loai hinh, cac myc tu thudc ve hut thudc va an trdu khdng cd nua; ddng thdi uu tien nhiing myc td tich hgp cdc vdn dd lien quan den dm thye Viet Nam. Chdng ban, muc td "Cora" cd thd tieh hgp nhidu loai com vdi trinh bay chung vd each chd bien, each an, dmh duong, ung xu xd hgi, bidu tugng van hda, ngM le, tin nguong. Sau
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Vuong Xuan Tinh muc tu "Cam" dugc tich hgp dd, vi ban chd
ve dung lugng, cM trinh bay thdm cac td nhu
"Com te", "Cam nep", "Com lam", "Com hen" md khdng dd cap den "Com rang", vi muc tu nay khdng quan trgng va da dugc nhdc ddn trong muc tu "Com" nhu da neu.
Nhu vdy, qua 3 lan xay dung, tu 1.146 muc tu loai dm thye cua eac vung, nhdm da lya chgn dugc 552 muc tu loai theo nganh;
va eudi cung, da sang lge, tieh hgp dd xay dung danh muc tu loai theo 7 loai hinh, vdi 378 muc tu (cd 87 td rdt dai, 65 tu dai, 105 tu trung binh va 121 tu ngan). Cach lara nhu vdy se han chd viec bd sdt cac muc tu quan trgng cua dm thye. Cdn vide lua chgn cac raye td theo loai hinh, phai dam bao 8 nguyen tae sau day : (1) Tinh chinh xac va thdng nhdt ve tu lieu; (2) Tinh toan dien, tire thd hien dugc tri thuc co bdn nhat cua nganh; (3) Tinh cap nhdt (dara bao tiep can tri thuc mdi nhdt); (4) Tinh hien dai (the hien tri thuc hien dai, dac biet la he thdng cdc khai niem, thuat ngu dugc lya chgn thanh dau muc tu); (5) Tinh chudn mye (thye Men theo cdu tnie vT md ciia BKTT ndi chung vd eua nganh am thuc ndi ridng);
(6) Tinh dan tdc (the hidn dac didm, tri tue cua con ngudi Viet Nam); (7) Tinh qudc te (he thdng thuat ngii, khai niera, tu ngu sd dung de trd thanh ddu raye tu phai bao qudt tri thue cua nhan loai, lien thdng vdi khu vye va the gidi); (8) Tinh can yeu (dam bao cac quy dinh ve cau tnic vT md va cau tnic vi md cua BKTT dm thue Viet Nam vdi sy cdn tMet, hgp Iy).
Sau day la tdm tat mdt sd ket qud trong lya chgn muc tu theo 7 loai Mnh: (1) Muc tu nhdn danh, do dac didm cua am thuc Viet
Nam vdi tinh edng ddng cao nen trudc mdt, nhdm chua lua chgn rauc tu nao thudc loai nay; (2) Muc tu dia danh: cd 54 muc td. Vi du: banh cdy Thai Binh, banh eudn Thanh Tri (Ha Ngi), budi Didn (Hd Ngi), banh da Kd (Bac Giang), banh dau xanh Hai Duong, banh due hen Sa Nam (Nghe An), cam Vinh (Nghd An), biin bd Hud; (3) Muc tu he thdng khai mem, thudt ngd, sy vdt hien tugng: cd 240 raye tu. Vi dy: banh, banh da, banh khoai, bdnh khuc, banh diic, bdnh beo, bun, biin rieu, bun de, eanh ca, canh cua, ca, budi, cara; (4) Mye td nhdm phai, trao luu, khuynh hudng: ed 54 muc tu. VI du: an ehay, an udng chua benh, an uong ngay thudng, an udng ngay tdt Id, an udng tdm bd, dm thuc Cham, dm thye Hdi giao, dra thye Hoa, dn kieng, bua ehinh, bira phu, com thg, cd ba tang, khao, khdu vi mien Bdc, tide; (5) Mye tu td chuc, su kidn: cd 8 myc td. Vi dy: Hiep hdi van hda dm thuc Viet Nara, hgi chg am thye, Hgi ddu bdp Viet Nara, nhd hang, phd/ehg dm thye Ha Ndi, phd/ehg dm tbyc Hdi An, phd/chg dm thuc Hud; (6) Muc tu tac phara, van kidn, sach bao, tap chi: cd 16 rauc tu. Vi du: Am thuc ddn gian Ha Ndi, Kham pha am thye truydn thdng Viet Nam, Mdn la midn Nam, Phong each an Viet Nam, Tap chi Am tbyc.
Tap chi Van hda va nghd thudt an udng, Tap qudn an udng cua ngudi Viet viing Kinh Bdc, Thye phd baeh thien, Thuong nhd mudi hai, Tu dien mdn dn Viet Nam, Van hda dm tbyc ddn gian xd Nghd; (7) Myc td khai quat vd lich su hinh thanh, phat tridn nganh: c6 5 muc td. Vi dy: lich su dra
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thye Ha Ndi, lich su am thuc Hdi An, lich su am thye Hud, lich sd am thye Sai Gdn, lich sd am thye Viet Nam.
5. Ket luan
Bien soan BKTT dm thye Viet Nam la vide lam cdn thidt va d nudc ta van cdn mdi me.
Dd bidn soan thdnh cdng bd BKTT nay, trudc het, cdn kd thua kinh ngMem cua nhirng cdng trinh BKTT, nhdt la BKTT vd dm thye da xudt ban trdn thd gidi. Mat khdc, edn dya trdn nen tang kdt qua nghien cdu vd dm thye Viet Nam trong lien he, so sanh vdi am thye thd gidi.
Tidp can ehu dao cua nghien cuu, bien soan BKTT am thye Viet Nam la dudi gde do xa hdi va van hda, vdi su lien nganh eua nhdn hgc, ddn tdc hgc, van hoa hge, xa hdi hgc, su hgc. Cdc phuong phap chinh dugc su dung trong ngMdn cuu la phuang phap tdng quan va phuong phap chuyen gia. Ndi dung ciia BKTT am thye Viet Nam cdn phan anh nhiing dac diem, ban sac, gid tri cua dm thye Viet Nam qua tu loai vd ngudn thue dn, mdn an, each ehe bidn, each an, khdng gian an udng eua cdc vung, tdc ngudi, tdn giao va nhom xa hdi.
Dd dam bao tinh thdng nhat cua BKTT Viet Nara, cau tnic muc tu phdn Am thye ciing theo 7 loai hinh, do la: (1) Nhdn danh;
(2) Dia danh; (3) He thdng khai Mem, thudt ngu, sy vdt, hien tugng; (4) Nhdm phai, trao luu, khuynh hudng; (5) Td chuc, su kidn; (6) Tae phdm, van kidn, sach bao, tap cM; (7) Khdi quat vd lieh sd Mnh thanh, phat
tridn nganh. Tuy nMen, viec phan anh ddc didm eua dm thye Viet Nam (tu dac diem chung ddn dac didm dm thuc cua 8 vimg van hda), dm thye d eac tdc ngudi, giao luu va hgi nhap vdn hda, dm thuc ndng thdn, do thi, va eae sac thai vdn hda khdc trong dm thue (tinh cdng ddng, ddng cdp, Ida tudi, gidi tinh, tdn giao. Id hgi, kieng ky) se duge phan dnh ehu yeu d eac myc tu thuge loai hinh 2 , 3 va 4.
Chii thich
^ Nhom CO 3 cdn b6 thu6c Vien Hdn Idm Khoa hgc xd hgi Vi$t Nam: PGS.TS. Vuong Xudn Tinh (Vien Dan t6c hgc), PGS.TS. Trdn H6ng Hanh (Bdo tang Dan tgc hgc Vi^t Nam), TS. Nguyen Thi Minh Nguyet (Vifn Khoa hgc xd hgi viing Nam Bp); vi TS. Vo Thi Hodi Thuang (Tni6ng Dai hgc Vinh).
Trong qud trinh nghien cuu, bien soan BKTT dm thuc Vi^t Nam, s£ c6 nhieu cpng tdc vien tham gia.
Ndm 2018, nhom di xay dung bdng danh muc tir va bien soan mdu mot so tii loai. Day la nen tdng quan trgng dl ti6p tyc triln khai nhifm vu trong thiri gian toi.
^ Trong tieng Anh, tiiy tung ngii cinh, tfr "food" c6 thi chuyin ngff sang tilng Viet la "dm thirc", "dn u6ng", "luong thye", "thye phdm" hay "thijtc dn". Vi dy, BKTT "Food and Culture", nen dich Id "Am thuc vd Vdn h6a"; BKTT "Food and Drink in America", nSn dich Id "Thiic dn va d6 u6ng 6 My";
BKTT "Food Safety", nen dich id "An toin thuc phdm"; BKTT "Food Microbiography", nen djch la
"Vi khudn thuc pham"; BKTT "Food Sciences and Nutrition", nSn dich la "Khoa hgc An u6ng vi Dinh duong". Khi dung "Food" voi nghia "Am thye", co nghia dd nghiSng sang khia canh vdn hoa/xd hgi ciia am thye, vol nhung tilp can chii ylu vh nhan hoc
Vucmg Xuan Tinh (nhdn hgc tap qudn dm thuc - Anthropology of Food
Habits, nhin hgc dinh du&ng Nutritional Anthropology, nhdn hgc an ninh luoffig thye - Anthropology of Food Security, nhdn hpc vl an toin thuc pham - Anthropology of Food Safety), vl dan toe hpc, vin h6a hgc, vdn h6a dan gian, xd hoi hpc, sit hpc...
* NhQng nguyin tde ndy kl thira tii hudng dan ciia Ban chu nhiem De an BKTT Vi^t Nam.
Tai lieu tham khao
[1] Nguyin Thi Bdy, Trdn Qu6c Vugng (2010), Vdn hda dm thuc Vi4t Nam nhin tic ly ludn vd thuc tien, Nxb Tir dien Bdch khoa, Hi Npi. '
[2] Ma Nggc Dung (2007), Vdn hda dm thuc cita ngudi Tdy a Vi4t Nam, Nxb Khoa hge xd hgi, Hi Ngi.
[3] Ninh Vilt Giao (Chu bien) (2001), Vdn hda dm thuc ddn gian xu Nghe, Hgi Vdn nghe dan gian NghS An, Ngh? An.
[4] Tir Gidy (2001), P/7ongcdc^<3« Vi4tNam,'Nxh Tir diln Bdch khoa. Hi NOi.
[5] Hodng Thi Hanh (2010), Vdn hda dm thuc ngudi Thai den Mudng Ld, Nxb Vdn hoa Dan t6e, HdNgi.
[6] Nguyen Thi H6a (201^), Van hda dm thuc ciia ngudi Xa Dang tinh Kon Tum, Nxb Khoa hpc xdh6i, HdNgi.
[7] Vu Ngpc Khanh (2002), Vdn hda dm thuc Vi?!
Nam, Nxb Lao dpng, Hd Ngi.
[8] Mai Khoi (Biln khdo vd sdng tic) (2006), Vdn hda dm thuc Viit Nam: Cdc mdn dn mien Trung, Nxb Thanh niin. H i Ngi.
[9] Nguyin Lan, Nguyin Hoii (1994), Tic diin mdn dn Vi4t Nam, Nxb Vdn h6a Thong tin, HdNgi.
[10] Tuylt Nhung Bu6n Krong (Chu biln) (2009), Vdn hda dm thuc cua ngudi E-di, Nxb Vdn hoa DantOc, HiNpi.
[11] Ngo Dilc Thinh (2010), Khdm phd dm thuc truyin thong Vi4t Nam, Nxb Tre, Tp. H6 Chi Minh.
[12] Vuong Xudn Tinh (2004), Tap qudn dn udng cua ngudi Viet viing Kinh Bac, Nxb Khoa hgc xd hgi, H i Ngi.
[13] Anbala, Ken (2011), Food Cultures of the World: Encyclopedia, Greenwood.
[14] Batt, Carl A. and Marry-Lou Tortorello (Ed) (2014), Encyclopedia of Food Micro biography. Volume 1, Second Edition, Elsevier Press.
[15] Cabarello, Benjamin (Editor in ChieO (2003), Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Academic Press.
[16] Considine, Douglas M. (Editor in Chief) (1982), Food and Production Encyclopedia, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company.
[17] Encyclopedia of Food: A Guide to Healthy Nutrition (2002), Academic Press.
[18]- Katz, Solomon H. (Editor in Chief) (2003), Encyclopedia of Food and Culture, Volume 1, Charles Scribner's Sons.
[19] Katz, Solomon H. (Editor in ChieQ (2003), Encyclopedia of Food and Culture, Volume 2, Charles Scribner's Sons.
[20] Smith, Andrew F. (Editor in Chief) (2006), Encyclopedia of Junk Food and Fast Food, Greenwood Press.
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