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Nghien ciTu, ufng dung Icrp phu nano cho gach gom dp lat
• T H S . NGUViN MINH QUYNH - TRUNG TAM GdM SU - THUY TINH
LOp phu nano 13 mot loai chat phu duoc trang bo sung tren I6p men thong thudng 6 gom sO: sii v^ sinh, gach men. Nhd tinh nang uu viet nhu kha nang ehong bam ban, i<ha nang t u iam sach va khd khuan,,,, nen chLing rat duoc uu tien si) dung.
Oe CO dugc san pham chat iuong va tinh nang cao, tuong duang san ph^m nh^p ngogi can phai cd giai phap cong nghe hop iy. De tai da iua chon hudng nghi&n cGu ia nang cao tinh ch^t ehong ban v^ chat dong tren be mat. VI vay, Idp phu nanno duoc quan tam nhu nhflng be mat de iSm sach, San pham nghien cilu ve CO ban da dat dugc cac tinh nang co, iy, hda tuong duong vdi san pham nhap ngoai cung loai va cd the dap Qng dugc nhu cau trong nudc.
I.Gidithi^u
Tren the gidi, eung vdi su phit trien cua khoa hoc ky thuat, cdng nghe nano duac quan tam va phat trien rat nhanh ehdng vdi nhung tiem nang Qng dung rat Idn trong nhieu linh vUc, trong dd ed linh vuc vat lieu xay dung. Trong linh vuc vat lieu xay dung, cdng nghe va vat lieu nano da duoc irng dung de che tao nhQng loai vat lieu mdi cd tinh nang dac biet nhu son nano, Idp phu nano Khi sQ dung bdt Nano Ti02, Ag20, ZnO da che tao ra nhieu Idp phu cd tinh nang die biet nhu: kha nang lam sach khdng khi, chdng bam ban, kha nang diet khuan, eac Idp phu chdng bam dinh va tu lam sach. NhQng Idp phii nay d i duoc diing de phu tren kinh, be mat gdm sQ, son tudng .
Hien nay, tai nhieu nudc co trinh dp khoa hoc phat tnen nhu My, Nhat va Tay Au dang dan dau ve sd lupng eac nghien cQu cung nhu cae bang sang che ve vat lieu nano, thi trudng cac san pham nano tren the gidi dang phat trien rat manh. Tai nhQng nudc Chau A nhu Nhat Ban, Han Qudc .., cac sin pham nano dUPc sQ dung rdng rai trln thj trudng,
Tai Viet Nam, cdng nghe va vat lieu nano cung da Qng dung tren mot sd san pham nha son tudng, kinh. Tuy
nhien, Idp phu nano cho gach gdm dp tudng van chua dupc nghien cQu va Qng dung Hang nam, d nude ta, san luong gach gdm dp l i t va gach gdm dp lit phu men ndi neng thudc loai cao so vdi nhu eau, Vi vay, nghien cUu nang cao chat lagng, da dang hoa san pham gach gom dp lat cao cap la vile lam rat can thiet
Gach dp l i t bing loai men thdng thadng chua dap iing duoc yeu cau ngay cang cao ciia ngudi tieu dung Can thiet phai tao ra san pham mdi cd chat luang cao, ed tac dung ehdng bam ban va tU lam sach eho gach gdm dp lat nham da dang hoa san pham Vdl muc tieu tiep can, lam chii va Qng dung nhQng cdng nghe mdi tien tien trong viec che tao vat lieu xay dUng, Vien VLXD da tien hanh nghiln cQu, thQ nghiem Qng dung Idp phu nano cho san pham gach gdm dp tudng, 2. Miic tieu nghien CLfu - Quy trinh cdng nghe Qng dung Idp phii nano eho san pham gach gdm dp tudng
- Danh gia cae tinh chat co ban cua Idp phu lien quan din tinh chat ehdng bam ban va kha nang tU lim sach.
- Ldp phii nanno cd chit laang dong nhat, on dmh v i cd t i e dung ehdng bam ban.
3. Ket qua nglilen ciiru trong plidngthinghi#m
DUa tren nhQng nghien cQu tong quan ve ly thuyet va co sd khoa hpc v l nano, de tai tien hanh nghien cQu sQ dung Idp phu nano (Idp phii ehong bim dinh) phun len be mat gach da nung.
3.1- Oac diem, tinh chat cua chat pbij nano itng dung cho san phdm gom sit 3.1. i. Chat phu ehong bam dinh ECC- 4000, ECC-5000 (hdng 3IVI) Chat phu chdng bam dinh ECC eua 3M la Idp hda chat xif ly khdng mau, trong sudt, hoae cd mau trang, tir vang nhe den mau ho phach va tU khd trong khdng khi, duge sQ dung trln b l mit gdm sd, kinh. Cha't flopolymer ed trong ECC si phan isng vdi be mat de tao thanh mdt Idp phu be mat nang fuong thap, ed tinh nang day nude va cac chat Idng. Ldp phu nay rat on dinh va rit khd b| mai mdn do eg rira manh hoac cae chat m i i mdn khac.
Mdt so tinh ning tieu bilu eua ehit phu chdng bim dinh ECC
6 8 lTAPCHlV;^TUfLIXAYDJNG
Thanh phan; fluor polymer, ethylacetate, isopropanol.
3-Aminoprolyltnethosilane - (vlau sic Khdng mau cho den loai hoi cd anh vang
-Khdl luong rieng'0,92-1 kg/I -Diem boc chay: 12''C -Loai non-ionic
Thanh phan: fluor polymer, ethylacetate, isopropanol, alkoxysilane - Chat phu ECC cd the duac hda tan vdi cdn,xeton,axetatva cac dung moi khac nham tao suong khi phun
3.1.2. Chdtphu nano (Cdng ty Thach Ban) Dltai tiln hanh lay miu chat phu nano ciia Cdng ty Thach Ban Day cung la dung dich mau trang, gdm 3 loai dung dich A, B, C Dung dich nay dUpc phun true tiep len be mat trong qua trinh mai bdng, vi/a gia nhiet, vira nhd dung dich nano lln be mat gach sao cho dung dich cd the dien day cac Id xdp hd tren be mat gach, tao cho be mat phang nhan hpn ma mat thudng khdng the nhin tha'y duge.
Ket qua phan tich phd eua cae mau ey the nhu sau: Ddi vdi mau A, thanh phan gdm phin Idn la hop chat chromylchloride tren SIO^ - Alp,, Ooi vdl mau C, thanh phan gdm hop chat ed nhdm chQc. Ngoai ra cd them C=0 (co t h l ciia dung moi)
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3.2. Tien hanh phun chat phu chdng bam dinh len san pham gach op tudng 3.2.1 Phun thit nghiim
- Chuan bi mau gach: sQdung nhOng viln gach op tudng da nung, lam sach be mit bang each dung chat tay nUdc aceton hay etanol de loai bd bui va cac chat ban, lau khd. Sau do say gach trong khoing nhiet dp 80 - 250°C va tdthond100-120''C.
-Chuan bl dung dich phu: diing lothiiy tinh, thep khdng gi hoac lo nhua -Diing 980 gethanol -DdlOgECC-4000, trdn deu -ThemlOgHCI37%
-Trdn deu dung djch, hon hop se ddi thanh mau hoi md
- Hdn hap trln chi sir dung duoc trong vong t U 4 - 6 tieng
- Dung siing phun vdi kich thudc dau phun 1,5 mm, phun deu len be mat gach dang ndng 6 ap suat 2 bar.
Khoangeiehphun tQ10-20cm - Dinh mQc iQong phun dung dich la 40 - 50 g/m2.
- De khd d nhiet dd phdng trong vdng tQ 10-30 phut
- De san pham dat daoc cac hieu Qng day dii, can phai de sau 48 gid.
3.2.2. Kiem tra tinh chat ehong bam ban De t i l sQ dung each thQ nhanh va don gian de kiem tra tinh chat Idp phO, de danh gia eau true be mat eua ldp phu.
sir dung phuong phapchup^nhSElVl:
Xac dinli tinh chat ehong bam ban + Xac dinh do bam dinh: Nhd gigt nudc len be mat gach nim ngang da phu Idp nano Nlu gigt nude co trdn tren b l mat tuong tu nhu trln lisen la dat yeu cau, Sau dd dat vien gach vudng mdt gde khoang 900, gipt nudc chay cudn, khdng d l lai vet nudc. {Hinh 1,2) -I- Khi nang tu lam sach b l mat sQ dung but vilt bang, vach cheo mdt dudng ien b l mat gach, sau do dung
HlNH 1 - NHd GIOT Nl/OC L^N Bi MAT GACH G6M PHU LOP
CHfiNGBAMDiNH
Sau khi lat 900 trong Ss HlNH 2 - bt MAT GACH G6M PHU LdP
CH6NG BAM DINH
TAPCHli/SlUfUXAYlXfllGl69
a. Khi vach b. Sau khi x6a HiNH 3 - B I MAT GACH G 6 M PHU LdP CHdNG BAM DINH
a. Be mat gach gom men thifcfng b. Bl mat gach gom phii I6p ehong bam dmh HlNH 4 - ANH CHUP SEM Sf MAT MEN GACH GdM
a. Be mat gach gom men thucmg Bg mat gach gom phO ldp ch6ng b^m dfnh 7 0 I TAP CHlVST LIEU WYDl/NG HlNH 5 -ANH CHUP SEM MATCAT NGANG LdP MEN VA Xl/ONG GACH G 6 M
Chat phii, hoa ch3t
Trpn deu dung dich
San pham g^ch sau nung Phii lap ehong bdm b
SODd CdNG NGH| PHU LdP CH^NG BAM BAN khin lau. Ta thay, ddi vdi be mat men
thdng thadng thl vet but khdng sach;
nhung ddi vdi b l mat men da phu ldp chdng bam dinh thl vet ban duoc lau h i t (Hinh 3)
-I- Op bin axit. Ngam nhQng mau gach chua phu vS da phQ Idp chdng bam dinh trong dung djch axit HCl 18% va de 24 gid Sau dd mau dugc lam sach nudc v i lim khd d nhiet dd phdng rdi quan s^t be mat
-I- Ket qui chup kinh hien vi (SEM) b l mat ldp phii. {Hinh 4,5) Nhan xet, dinh gia kit q u i thQ nghiem Qua kit qui thQ nghiem, nhdm de tai thIy ring, de tao ra tinh chat ehdng bam ban thi Idp b l mat ed mdt trong hai hieu Qng, do la hieu Qng sieu ua nudc hoac hieu Qng sieu ki nudc. Hai hilu Qng nay cho khi nang chdng bam bin tuong duang nhau.
Ldp phu nano dupe tao ra khi phu len b l mat da nung, tinh chdng bam ban dugc the hien d hieu Qng ki nude, d ty le phu gia la 1 %, ty le con/nano = 98/2 va say d 1500C, hi|u dng ki nudc duoc the hiln manh nhat va Idp phu nay d trang thai bin nhat. Viee tao ra Idp phu nano ddn giin, de thUe hien, ed the de dang tnen khai trong thuc thuc t l khdng anh hudng din qua trinh san xuat gach cua nha may, hoan toan ed the chu ddng trong sin xuit. Do vay, ed tinh kha thi cao khi sin xuat cdng nghilp, 3.3 Sa dd cdng nghe phO Idp ehong
bdm bdn
Chat phii nano dupe hda tan vdi hdn hop cac loai hoa chat khic theo ty le.
Hdn hap trln trdn deu thanh dung djch va chi duoc sir dung trong vdng 4 - 6 gid Chat phu cd the phu len b l mat gach da nung theo phuong phap phun vdl kich thudc dau phun la 1,5 mm, ap suit 2 bar va khoang each phun la 10 - 20 cm. Dinh mUe iQong phun dung dich la 40 - 50 g/m2. San pham gach da nung cin duoe lam sach 6e loai bd bui va eac chat ban, lau khd trudc khi phu. San pham sau phun duoc de kho d nhiet do phdng tQ 10 - 30 phut, sQ dung duoc tdt nhat sau 48 gid
4. Ket luan
Qua kit qua nghien cQu Qng dung Idp phii nano cho gach gom op tudng dua ra mdt sd kit luan eu the sau -I- De t i l da tiep can vdi cdng nghe nano, vat lieu nano va cac Qng dung cua chung ddi vdi sin pham gdm sii.
+ Tren ca sd cae tai lieu tham khao nhdm de tai da nghien cQu ca sd ly thuyet va nd luc trien khai thac nghiem de xac dmh dupe hudng ap dung Idp phu nano cho san pham gach dp tudng. Trong dd cac kit qua thuc nghiem da khang dmh-
Laa chon phuang phap phun, phu cho gach dp tudng ia phu hdp vdi dieu kien cdng nghe sin xuat hiln nay cua nha miy.
Oe t i l 6a nghien cQu va sir dung Idp phii chdng bam dinh eiia hing 3M, chat phu eua Trung Qudc de phu len san pham gach gdm dp tudng va cd ket qua tdt Chat lagng sin pham nghien eu'u dat duge theo tieu chi d l ra. Quy trinh cong nghe hoan toan ed tinh kha thi, cd the triln khai trong thuc t l san xuat
Do quy md va dieu kien nghien cQu han che nen de tai cdn mdt sd diem ton tai can duoc dau ta nghien cQu hoan thien nhU: van de sQ dung va dUa hat nano vao trong phdi lieu men; Van d l nung men nano d nhiet dd cao, Nghien cQu khao sat i p dung thQnghiem san pham vdi quy md cdng nghiep de dinh gii toan dien ddi taong nghien cQu,. •:•
T A I L I ^ U THAM KHAO
[I] Chemical resistance and cleanability of glazed surfaces, Leena Hupa, Roger Bergman, Linda Fro'berg, Stina Vane- Tempest, Mikko Hupa, Thomas Kronberg.
Eija Pesonen-ieinonen, Anna-f^aijo Sjo berg. Surface Science 584 (2005) 113-118
[2] Soil-resistant surfaces for traditional ceramics, Thomas Kronberg, Anne- Christine Ritschkoff, Riirta Mahlberg,Juha Ivlonnilo, Marks Kallio, Anne Vesa, Leena Hupa, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 2 7 (2007) 1775-1780 [3] Effet of surface free energy of ceramic glaze on oil droplet shape and its behavior in water, LiANG Jin-sheng, MENG Jun- ping, LIANG Guang-chuan, WANG Li- juon, ZHANG Jin, LI Ji-yuan, Transaction
of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 16(2006)538-541.
[4] Microstructure and cleanability of uncoated and fluoropolymer,zirconia and titania coated ceramic glazed surfaces, fiisto Kuisma, Linda fr'oberg, Hanna-Riitta Kym "arainen, Eija Pesonen-Leinonen, Minna Piispanen, Pauliina Melamies, Mikko Hautala, Anna- Maija S] oberg, Leena Hupa. Journal of the European Ceramic Society 27 (2007) 101-108.
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