NGHIEN CLfU CHE TAO VAT LIEU GOM Tl/dNG NHE LAT MAT
ThS. Luong Thi Hoang Yen PGS.TS Vu Minh Dtic
KS. Pham Thi Vinh Lanh, ThS. Nguyen Nhan Hda Khoa Vat lipu XSy dt/ng
Tnrdng Dal hgc XSy dt/ng
Tdm tit: TUcSc nguyen lieu dja phuang, cSe phi lieu, phi thai, di tai da tien hSnh nghidn eUu ehi tao vat lipu gom tudng nhe cd Idp mSu trang tri, dung di lat mSt ngoSi cdng trinh. Di tSi cung da thiit lap duge dSy chuyin edng nghp ehi tao sin phim gim tudng nhe cd Idp mSu trang tri theo edng nghp tao hinh gach hai Idp.
Summary: The theme has been successed In researching to product light-weight ceramics with multi-color surtace used for exterior of works based on the local raw materials, scraps and waste. The theme has been also researched on establishing the technological chains for producing this pmducts based on formation technology of two-layer bricks.
Vat lipu gdm sd dung eho mdt ngodi cdng Irinh hay tda nhd cd cdng dung di b l o vp cdc kit c l u khdi bi tac dung cda mdi trudng vd tao ddng kien true. Nd chia ra Idm hai nhdm; nhdm vdf lidu kiln trdc - xdy dung vd nhdm vdt lidu kiln true - my thudt. V l nhdm kiln trdc - xdy dung bao gIm loai gdm tifdng lat mpt (gach lat mdt), gach dp mdt, gach hinh, dd gdm rdng vd cdc loai tim. Cdn ddi vdi nhdm kiln trdc - my thudt bao gom cdc loai tUpng trdn, phu didu, gach hinh cham nii, trang tri hoa vdn phdng vd cac chi tilt.
YPu cau Chung dd'i vdi cdc san pham sd dyng cho mdt ngodi cdng Irinh xay dung (xdy hay dp) Id can khdng thdm nude, dp hut nude thdp, chju Ida, dat dugc dp ben yPu cau, cd mdu sic theo quy dinh, khdng bj thay dd'i dudi anh hudng Idu ddi cda dilu kien khi hdu, kich thude chinh xae, cd kha ndng Idm saeh khdi bui ban, n i m mdc.
Theo k i t c l u , cae san pham gdm sd dung cho mdt ngodi cdng trinh vd tda nhd dupc chia ra loai: ddc vd rdng. Theo hinh dang ben ngodi: cd loai phing nhdn vd lopi hinh noi. Theo be mdt gia edng: cd loai khong trdng men vd loai trang men. Theo kich thUde: cd loai nhd, trung binh vd loai Idn.
Phu thupc vPo •} nghTa vd ITnh vifc sd dung trong xdy dung md san phim gdm sd dung cho mdt ngodi cdng trinh ehia ra cdc loai;
- o l xdy dung cdc tda nhd td vdf lieu don chile: gach lat mdt vd khdi da gdm lat mdt, ed Idp phd mdt hay khdng cd Idp phd mdt bing phuong phap tao hinh hai Idp (theo phuong phdp deo hay phuong phdp ban khd).
- o l hodn thien mdt tnfdc cda tda nhd, ngudi ta sd dung cdc vdt lieu nhd don chile; cdc td'm gdm dung d l dp cdc bd, ting nen, l l i di vd cdc b l mdt khdc.
- o l xdy cae tam pand Idn; cac tdm khIm, cae tdm gdm dang tham.
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Ngudi ta linh rang tren 1m^ dien tich d can ed khoing I m ' vdt lipu dp Idt mdt. Vide lua chpn dung d i n vat lieu dp lal mpt va viee md rdng san xud't chung da trd thdnh nhu eau thUC t l . T h i tich I p khoing 25% t h i tich ehung eda tudng, nhu thd nghTa Id nhu cau ve vat lipu gdm dp lat mdt rdt Idn.
Hieu q u i Idn nhat cda vat lieu gdm dp lat mdt (gach lat mdt, gach dp vd da gdm Idt mdt) Id vda thuc hipn chdc ndng Idm vdt lieu tudng (bao che, chiu luc) vda lam vat lipu trang tri dp lat mdt. Khdng nhung the cae vat lieu ndy edn dupe e h l tao d dang cac vdt lieu ed khdi lupng f h l tieh thap nhim lam giam nhe khdi lupng edng frinh (nhdt Id dd'i vdi nha cao fang), cd kha ndng each nhiet, cach dm vd chd'ng ehay, chju Ida. Cdc vdt lieu gdm da chdc ndng nhu t h i , ngudi ta gpi Id vdt lieu gdm cd hieu qua eao.
Cdc san pham gdm lat, dp mdt v l dp ben, tuoi thp va v l my thupt hPn h i n f i t ca cdc loai vat lieu I p khdc. Viec san xuat ede dang s i n pham ndy dupc thifc hien dau tien d Italia (1939), sau dd dupc phat triln san xual rdng rai d nhilu nude khdc tren the gidi nhu Tdy Ban Nha, CHLB Ode, Nga... Theo sd lieu eda Nga gid thdnh loan bp d l hodn thien trang tri mdf nhd I m ' gdm lat mdt vdi thdi gian sd dung hon 50 ndm, re hon so vdi xi mdng mdu Id 2,3 lan, so vdi san phim silicdt mdu Id 1,18 lan, so vdi chdt deo clovinyl Id 1,9 lan.
Vdt lidu gdm tudng nhe lat mdt dupe san xudt theo cong nghe chd tao san phim hai Idp bing phuong phdp lao hinh deo hope bdn khd. Yeu cdu ehu yeu d l san xud't san phim hai Idp Id dp b i n lien ket b i n vdng cda Idp phd mdt phia ngodi d trdn cac mdl ngang vd mdt canh dpc vdi Idp xuong d ben trong, cung nhu can phai ehd trpng sao eho Idp mdf trang tri cd chieu ddy ddng deu vd mdu s i c dong nhit.
Hidn nay cdc nude trPn thd gidi dang phdt triln rat manh vd rdng rai vide s i n xudt c l e san phim g I m I p Idt mdt theo cdc hudng sd dung ngudn nguyen lieu dja phuong, tan dung cdc p h i thai cPng nghiep, sd dung ede phUPng phdp cdng nghe mdi tu ddng hod cdng nghd san xudt nhim nJt ngin chu ky san xuat, giam ehi phi nguyen nhien lieu, da dang hod vd phdf triln rdng rdi cdc chdng loai mdt hdng gdm I p Idt mdf vdi cdc finh ndng da dang cd hidu q u i cao.
6 Viet Nam cPn chua cd eo sd ndo ddt vdn d l nghidn cdu, e h l tao san phim gdm tUdng nhe lat mpt n^id vd hudng dan sd dung san phim ndy eho cd hieu qua. Trong de tdi ndy tac g l l d l cap fdi vide nghien cdu e h l tao vdt lieu gdm tudng nhe lat mdt - gach nhe lat mdt cd Idp mdu trang tri vdi cdng nghe tao hinh gach Idt mdt hai Idp.
1. K#r QUA NGHIEN CLAJ CAC NGUYEN LIEU SCT DUNG 1.1 Cdc ke't qua nghien cihi ve dat set
Odt set ddng trong nghien cim Id d l t set B i c Son (vung Sdc Son) vd d l t sdt Thanh Tri (md Vdn Oiin - Ngu Hipp) cd cdc tinh chit sau:
1.1.1 ThSnh phin hoS, Nguydn lipu set
Dal set Sdc Son Odt set Tharh Tri
(%):
HSm lugng cSc dxyt, % Si02
71,45 64,1
AI2O3 13,21 16
Fe203 6,14
7,5
CaO 0,7 1,58
MgO 0,6 0,9
NajO 0,81 1,05
K2O 1,84 0,87
SO3 MKN 5,24 8,3
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1.1.2 ThSnh phin hat (%):
1 Nguydn lipu
set >io OS Sdc SPn 0,8 DS Thanh Tri
10-^2 0,7
1 2-^1 0,3 0,5
HSm lugng % cac ca hat, (mm) 1^,5
0,3 1
05
^,25 0,4 2
0,25
^,1 1,3
5 0,1
^,05 19,6
16
0,05
^,01 28,3
25
0,01-r 0,0005 26,416 18
<0,0005 22,1 35,5 1.1.3 CSc tinh chit cda dat set:
CSc tinh chit cda dat set
Od Im fif nhiPn; W „ Khdi lupng f h l tich fif nhien; yo,„
Khdi lupng f h l tieh bdl; Yo^
Khdi lupng ridng; Y^
Op Im gidi han dudi dp luu dpng; Wg^^
Od Im Idn ve; W,, Tri sd deo; D Op Im lao hinh; W,h
Dan vj
%
g/cm^
g/cm' g/cm^
%
%
%
Nguydn lieu da't set Dat set Sdc San
12,21 1,42 0,842
2,47 29,67 17,02 12,62 17,2
Dit set Thanh Tri 15,23
1,54 0,85 2,65 36 17 19 18 Nhan xPt: Qua k i t qua thi nghiem hai loai dd't set cho thay ca hai loai ddt set ndy thupe loai dat sdt d l chiy, d i u ed kha ndng c h i tao vat lldu gom tudng nhe lat mdf.
1.2 Ke't q u i nghien ciiru ve tro thai nhiet dien:
1.2.1 ThSnh phin hoa eda tro thai nhipt didn, (%):
HSm lugng cSc dxyt, % SiOj
54,0
AI2O3 16,4
Fe203 7
CaO 1,1
MgO 1,5
Na20 K j O SO3 MKN
20 f .2.2 ThSnh phin h?t cda tro thai, (%):
HSm lugng cSe ed hat, (mm) 0,5^0,25
1,5
0,25-=-0,1 6,9
0,U0,05 8,4
0,05+0,01 15
<0,01 68,2 1.2.3 CSc tinh chat cda tro thai nhidt dipn:
Od I m tu nhidn - W^, (%)
24,5
KLTT tu nhien - Votn. (g/cm')
1,80
KLTT khd - Yok. (glcm^)
0,81
Khdi lupng rieng - Ya. (glcm')
2,68
Op min cda tro, sdt sdng N008, (%)
10+14 Nh|ln xdt: Qua cdc k i t qua phdn tich, thi nghiPm tro thai nhiet dipn Pha Lai eho thdy: ed t h i sd dung chung nhu Id mdt thdnh phdn ehinh d l che tao vat lidu gdm fudng nhe lat mpt. Mdt khdc, tro t h i i Id vdt lidu g l y se anh hudng tdl tinh chit tao hinh cda phdi lipu co chda tro. Ngodi ra tro thai cPn cd lupng Idn than chua chdy ndn nd cdn ddng vai trd Id phu gia chdy.
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1071.3 Ket qua nghien cdu ve phu gia Polystyrol (Po)
7.3.1 ThSnh phan hat eda phii gia Po. Cd hat 1,2 •=- 2,5mm: 10 + 20%, Cd hat 0,6+1,25 mm: 50 + 60%, Cd hpt < 0,6mm :20 + 35%.
1.3.2 CSc tinh chat cda bat phii gia Po:
Khdi lupng t h i tich tUOng dng vdi ldng loai cd hpt, g/cm' - Cd hat 1,25 + 2,5mm : 0,013;
Cd hat 0.6 + 1.25mm : 0,038; Cd hat < 0,6 mm : 0,035; Dp im tu nhiPn - W, %: 0; Nhipt dp b i t Ida 80 + 100°C; Nhipt dp chay hoan todn: 130 + 150°C; Op tro: 0%; Op hdt nude: 0%; Mat khi nung: 100%.
Nhan xet: Qua cac sd lieu phPn tich, thi nghiem cho thay loai phu gia Po cd t h i sd dung Idm phu gia e h l tao vpt lieu gom tudng nhe Idt mdl. Tuy nhien phu gia Fo cd nhiJfng dde tinh rieng anh hudng den tinh chat cda phdi lieu: Khdi lupng the tich, dp am phoi lieu tao hinh, kha ndng tpo hinh..., vi vpy d l dpi dupe phdi Hpu dong nhat khi tao hinh can cd qud trinh cdng nghe phd hop.
2. KET QUA NGHIEN CUU PHOI LIEU CHE TAO L 6 P CHAN CUA VAT LIEU GOM TUONG NHE LAT MAT
O l tdi dd tiln hdnh nghien cdu phdi lieu OS/Tro/Phu gia - phe thai tdm Polistyrol (Po).
Phu gia Po thay d i i vdi 3 ly IP sau: OS/Tro/Po Id: 80/15/5; 78/15/7; 75/15/10. Cac cap phd'i nay luong dng vdi cdc loai ed hat eda Po: <0,6; 0,6 + 1,2; 1,2 + 2,5 (mm).
2.1 Nghien curu phdi lieu DS - Tro - Phu gia Po (Polystyrol)
2.1.1 t-'ghidn citu phii lipu DS - Tm - Po d dang bpt phdi lldu, phoi lipu t^o hinh vS miu khi siy. Quy ludt cda su thay d i i cdc tinh chat eua ehdng trinh bdy d bang 1.
Bang 1. CSc tinh chat cda bit phoi lipu, phoi Hpu tao hinh vS miu siy
Cd hat cda phu gia Po,
(mm)
1
<0,63
0,63-=-1,2
1,2 + 2,5
ThSnh phin phii
Hpu theo khoi lugng,
(%) 2 80/10/10
83/10/7 85/10/5 80/10/10
83/10/7 85/10/5 80/10/10
83/10/7 85/10/5
CSe tinh chat cda miu phoi lldu Khoi lugng
thi tieh bpt phdi lipu Tob. (g/cnf)
3 0,24/0,22 0,32/0,295
0,42/0,39 0,22/0,208
0,3/0,287 0,4/0,36 0,20/0,238 0,28/0,272 0,38/0,341
Dp am tao hinh - W^
(%) 4 33,7/33,8 32,1/32,8 31,27/31,4 32,81/33,16 31,22/31,88 30,57/30,85 31,6/32,92 30,1/30,71 28,57/28,86
Khoi lugng thi tich phoi Hpu tao hinh - Tet,. <g/cni)
5 1,03/1,08 1,18/1,20 1,22/1,29 0,86/0,91 1,04/1,10 1,16/1,21 0,841/0,86 0,85/0,91 0,99/1,06
Khoi lugng thi tieh khi siy - /os, (g/cmP)
6 0,64/0,56 0,88/0,78 1,02/0,92 0,57/0,51 0,73/0,68 0,88/0,83 0,47/0,49 0,57/0,52 0,73/0,69
Dp CO siy - Cs. (%)
7 2,78/3,10
3,5/3,91 3,97/4,25 2,27/2,73 2,9/3,27 3,42/3,86 1,55/1,78 1,26/1,45 2,77/3,12 GW chu: (0 cSc cpt tu 3 din 7) TCT so IS gIS trj cSc tinh chit cua phdi lidu dung dit set Sdc San.
Miu so IS gIS tri cac tinh chit eua phdi lipu dung dit sdt Thanh Tri.
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, , v^ Po khdi Wdng the tich m i u say giam dan, cung mpt Nhan xdt: Khi ' ^ " 9 ' ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ' ,hlp hdn, dong thdi cdc phu gia cung lam giam dp co mau 2 v " t r S S S ; d T J d a t Sdt Sdc son vd Thanh Tri cdng gidng nhau, tuy nhien dp I m tao hinh, khii luwng t h i tich tao hinh va dp co say cda ddt set Thanh Tn cao hon dat set Sdc Son.
2.1.2 Nghien ciru phoi lieu DS - Tro - Phi/ gia Po khi nung.
Quy luat bien doi tinh chd't cda mau phd'i lieu dung phu gia Po khi nung vdi hai loai da't set, d hai cip nhiet dp dupe trinh bay d bang 2.
Bing 2. Nghidn eiru cae tinh chat cda miu phoi lieu dung phij gia Po khi nung Nhipt
dp nung,
"C 1
900
950
Cd hateda phtj gia Po, (mm)
2
<0,6
0,6+1,2
1,2 + 2,5
<0,6
0,6 + 1,2
1,2 + 2,5
ThSnh phin phoi Hpu theo khdi lugng, (%)
3 80/10/10
83/10/7 85/10/5 80/10/10
83/10/7 85/10/5 80/10/10
83/10/7 85/10/5 80/10/10
83/10/7 85/10/5 80/10/10
83/10/7 85/10/5 80/10/10
83/10/7 85/10/5
Cac tinh chat cda miu phd'i lipu nung Khii lugng thi
tich cda mau phd'i lieu khi nung - ro„,
(g/cm^) 4 0,53/0,50 0,61/0,57 0,67/0,63 0,5/0,463 0,583/0,546
0,64/0,61 0,45/0,42 0,53/0,49 0,61/0,57 0,6/0,55 0,64/0,59 0,73/0,67 0,56/0,51 0,62/0,56 0,69/0,64 0,58/0,52 0,59/0,54 0,64/0,59
Od CO toSn phan - Cfp,
(%) 5 5,3/5,53 6,1/6,62 6,9/7,21 5,01/5,42
5,5/5,94 6,22/6,61
4,2/4,5 4,6/4,95
5,2/5,6 5,24/6,11
7,1/7,63 7,82/8,02 5,57/6,01 7,4/7,71 7,63/7,95 5,3/5,8 5,6/6,1 6,1/6,7
CUdng dp nin - R„, (kG/cm')
6 Q,Tn.'^
7,2/8,1 8,5/9,2 7,2/8,0 9,1/10,2 10,6/11,1
6,2/6,7 6,5/7,0 7,1/7,9 7,6/8,1 10,8/11,4 11,4/12,0 8,1/8,8 13/13,6 13,5/14,1
6,8/7,7 7,2/8,0 8,2/8,9
Dp hdt nude - Hp,
(%) 7 56,1/56,5 41,8/42,3 40,6/41,1 63,1/63,9 45,5/46,2 42,7/43,2 82,2/82,7 81,8/82,3 74,2/74,65 53,6/54,2 40,9/41,6 40,1/41,1 61,7/62,4 43,86/44,5
41,2/42,4 81,2/81,7 80,5/81,1 72,6/73,0 Ghi chu: (0 eSc cdt tu3din 7) TU so IS giS tri cae tinh chit cda da't set Sdc San.
MSu si IS gia tri cSe tinb chat eda dat sdt Thanh Tri.
Qua cdc sd liPu nghien cdu thi nghiem cdc mau phd'i lidu khi nung d hai cap nhipt dp SOO'C vd 950°C cho thdy:
- Khi tdng lifpng phu gia Po thi YO„ giim d t i t ca cdc cd hat, khi cdng cd hat, lupng phu gia tdng thi YOO g'a"^- ^^' "^""^ '^^'" ' ^ ^ " ^ P'^" 9'^' "^^ ^^^ ^^° '^° Von ldn hPn hat to.
TAP CHf KHOA HOC CONG NGH$ XAY DUNG Sd04/2009 109
- Tdng lupng phu gia Po d cdc ed hat thi cUdng dp giam do dp rdng tdng. Cung lupng phu gia, m l u thd vdi ed hat Idn ed cudng dp thdp hon. Odi vdi cd hat 0,6 + 1,2 (mm) thi cUdng dp nen cda mau thd cho gid trj eao nhd't d td't ca cdc t^ IP phu gia, d ca hai cdp nhipt 66 nung, do dd d l ndng cao cudng dp ndn ehpn loai cap hat ndy. Khi fPng nhipt dp, dp k i t khdi tdng eudng dp tdng manh.
- Khi tdng cd hat phu gia Po, vdi edng mpt lupng dung phu gia thi khdi lupng f h l tfch giam dan, dp eo eung giam dan, dp hut nude tdng len.
Td cdc nhpn xet d tren, kP'l hpp vdi muc dich sd dung cua san phim de tdi Id Idm gdm tudng nhe lat mdt, de ldi chpn kich thudc hat cda phu gia Po 0,63 +1,2 (mm).
Qua cdc sd lieu nghien edu d tren, trong hai loai dd't set, ehpn sd dyng dd't set Sdc Sdn d l nghidn ciAi che tao gdm tUdng nhe Idl mdt, mde dd dd't set Thanh Tri chat IUpng cao hon Sdc SPn va eung cd t h i ehe lao dupe vat lieu gdm tudng nhe Idl mdt. Nhidt dp nung cd'p phd'i Id'i Uu cd I h l nhpn d nhiel dp 900''C vd 950''C.
2.2 Lap mo hinh quy hoach thirc nghiem xdc djnh ca'p phdi hop ly dung phu gia Polystyrol (Po)
Ma hda quy hoach thifc nghipm vdi cdc nhPn td I n h hudng X,: ty Id OS/Tro vP X2: t^ Id Po/Tro dupc neu d bang 3.
Bang 3. MS hda quy ho^ch thi/c nghipm NhSn tianh hudng
OS/ Tro Po/ Tro
S/e'f7 ma hoS X, X2
MUc quy ho^ch
• 1,414 8,3586 0,6414
-1 8,4 0,6
0 8,5 0,5
+ 1 8,6 0,4
+ 1,414 8,6414 0,3586 Cdc hdm muc tieu Id khdi lupng t h i tieh, cudng dp ndn, dp co, dp hdt nude.
Phuong trinh hoi quy d cdc cd'p nhiet dp nhu sau:
0 nhidt dp OOO^C
Yrt> = 731 + 27,9 X,' + 38,35 X^.
Yio, =27,48-2,91X^-1,84 XV YHP = 51,72 + 7,15 X^ +7,85 XV Ycp = 3,89 + 0,630 X^ + 0,603 XV
d nhipt dp 950''C
Yro = 854 + 28,53 X^ + 44,50 X^.
rK„ = 26,8 - 6,74 X^ - 6,24 XV
YHP = 52,72 + 4,15 X^ + 4,85 X^,.
Ycp = 5,848 + 0,74 X^ + 0,68 X^.
Nhan xdt: Cdc md hinh phin anh dUpc sif anh hudng cda cac nhdn to d l t set, tro thii, phu gia Po d i n cac finh chat san phim nung. Td c i c phuong trinh cho t h i y khii lupng t h i tich m i u nung dat gid trj thap nhat tai dilm X, = X2 = 0, tdc Id tai e l p phdi cd mdc quy hoach "0" vdi cd hat phu gia Po 0,63 + 1,2 (mm). Khdi IUpng t h i tich, dp hdt nudc phu thudc vdo lupng phu gia Po vd lupng tro, cPn cudng dp nen vd dp eo phu thudc nhilu vdo lupng d l t set vd lupng fro.
Hidu qua tao rong cda phu gia Po Idn hon so vdi phu gia khdc.
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3. KET QUA NGHIEN CUu PHOI LIEU CHE TAG L 6 P M A T TRANG TRi CHO VAT LIEU GOM Tl/ONG NHE L A T M A T
Trong san xudt gdm tudng lal mdt ndi chung cung nhu san phim gdm tudng nhe lat mdt ndi riPng, d l Idm Idp mpt ngudi ta sd dung cae loai da't set trlng, da't set cd eae mdu khde nhau sau khi nung (cdc mdu khoang tu nhien).
Cdc phu gia gay (cat, samdt,...) dua vao d l dieu chinh dp deo cda Idp mpt va dp co ngdt cda nd tuong dng vdi Idp chdn.
O l tao mau s i c frang tri cho Idp mdf ngudi ta cd f h l sd dung cac chat tao mdu g l c khodng vdt (khodng mdu tu nhiPn) dd son, glaucPnit..., sd dung ede chat tao mdu gom nhdn lao: dxyt cdban, dxyt sit, dxyt crdm, qudng mdng gan...
Trong de tdi ndy d l che lao Idp mdu trang tri, chdng toi sd dung chd't tao mdu tu nhien;
dat tdda son (mdu hdng, dd); chat tao mdu nhan tao: dxyt cdban (mau xanh da trdi, xanh lam), dxyt sit (tim, den).
Kit qua nghien edu mpt sd phd'i lieu Idp mdt chd't mdu trang tri dupe gidi thipu d bang sau:
Bang 4. Mpt so pbii Hpu Idp mSt chit mSu trang tri
CSc chit t^o mSu
Odttddd son
dxyt cdban (CoO)
dxyt sit
(FejOj)
dxyt crdm (CrOj)
Chd't mdu quy tim
Luang chit tao mSu, (%)
Od son; Olf n i n = (10+ 50); (80+ 40)
(9 cap phdi) CoO; Od't n i n = (0,5 +5): (89,5 -r 85)
(7 cd'p phd'i) FejOj: Od't nen = ((2+10); (88+ 80)
(9 elp phdi) CrjOj; Od't n i n = (0,5 + 5 ) ; (89,5 + 85)
Quy tim: O i l n i n = (0,5 + 5); (89,5 + 85)
DP hut nudc bSo
hoS, Hp (%)
1(18,5 d i n 13,55
T d l 1,33 d i n 12,55
Td 10,98 den 13,14
Td 10,33 d i n 12,85
Td 10,33 d i n 12,85
Dp CO toSn phin, Gp,
(%)
Td6,3 ddn 11,1
Td7,1 de'n 8,0
Td5,6 d i n 8,1
Td6,5 d i n 8,9
Td 6,5 d i n 8,9
Ghi ehu: Miu sic miu sau khi nung
M i u cd m i u hong nhat chuyin dan sang mau hdng tuoi, dd tuoi khi tdng lupng dd son.
Mau cd mdu xanh da trdi nhat chuyin sang mdu xanh lo, mdu xanh lam khi tdng lupng CoO
Mau cP mdu dd s i m ehuyin d i n sang mdu tim, tim den theo chieu tdng eda FejOs
Mau ed mau Id ma chuyin dan sang mPu xanh Id cdy, xanh sam den theo chieu tdng cda CtiO^
Mau CO mdu vdng nhat ehuyin dan sang mdu vdng tuoi theo chilu tdng
eua ehtt quy tim. |
TAP CHf KHOA HOC C O N G N G H $ X A Y DUNG Sd04/2009 111
Nhan xet: Cdc mau cd dp co toan phdn gan tuong dUOng vdi dp co loan phan cda Idp chdn dieu dd dam bao dupc sif lien kd't cua Idp chdn va Idp mdt.
Oieu nay cd y nghTa Idn khdng chi v l su lien ke't co hpe giua hai Idp md cdn Id sif g i n k i t gida hai phan ed cau true khde nhau, do la cau true xdp cda Idp chan vd cdu trdc ddc cda Idp mdt. Op hut nudc cda mdu ndi chung dat ydu cau t d 6 + 13%, giam dp hut nudc, bing cdch dilu chinh thanh phan phdi lieu hay sd dyng cac Idp chat phd be mdt san phim. E>d hut nUdc cda Idp mdt cho phep td 6 ^ 12%. Khi nhiel dp nung tdng td 900''C + 950°C dp hut nude giim, dp co toPn phan tdng do vdt lieu dupe k i t khdi. Khi tdng lupng chdt mau hay lutmg cdc dxyt tao mdu thi mau s i c f h l hien ddc tinh mdu cda chdng tdng len (td nhat ddn dam). Mau s i c cdn phu thupc vdo nhipt dp nung, dp tinh khilt nguypn lieu, mdi trudng nung, phuong phdp cdng nghp ehuin bj...
4. THIET LAP SO OO CONG NGHE CHE TAO SAN PHAM GOM TUONG NHE LAT M A T a, Tuye'n cong nghe chuan bi phd'i lieu ldp chan
Kho ddt set
Mdy d p lidu thdng
Mdy dap true
Bun ke chda
Ojnh lupng
Kho phu gia Po
Mdy gia cdng phy gia
Sdng phdn loai
Bun ke chda
Ojnh lupng
Mdy trpn 2 true
Kho tro thai nhipt dipn
"
Mdy gia cPng phu gia
"
Sdng phdn loai
"
Bun ke chda
"
Ojnh lupng
Nudc
Mdy nghien con Idn
May ep lentd chdn khdng galet
0 ga let ldp chdn
112 TAP CHf KHOA HOC C O N G N G H $ X A Y DUNG Sd04/2009
b. Tuyen cong nghe chuan bj phoi lieu Idp mat (Idp mau trang tri)
Kho ddt Idm r
7~^~
Bdng tai"
Bun ke
"
1 Ojnh luong NUdc
leTi 1
.L
Kho chat mau
i
Bdng tai Bun ke
i
i
1 Ojnh lupng | May Iron 2 true
"
May dp Lentd chdn khdng
"
Cl ga let ldp mpt ga let
Kho chat lam gay Bdng lai
i
Bun ke
i
"
1 Oinh luong |
Kho chd't Irp dung
"
Bdng tai
;
Bun ke
"
1 Oinh lUPng |
c) Tuye'n chung che tao gdm tudng nhe lat mat
Galet Idp ehan
Mdy ep ma sdt, hay ep thdy life
' '
Hong phoi trong nhd ddn
Galet ldp mdl
^
Ld sdy - Nung tunel
Kho san phim, phdn loai
Ke't luan:
Trdn co sd ede nguyen lieu dja phUOng, eae phe lidu phe thai d l ldi da nghiPn cdu chd tao dupe vat lipu gdm ludng lal mpt nhd, gdm tudng nhe trang tri Idl mdl nhd. Oe ldi da nghiPn edu dupc thdnh phan phd'i lieu eda Idp chdn vdi cdc loai phu gia Tro, phu gia Po, vdi ede loai ed hat khdc nhau theo tdng loai phu gia.
O l fdi eung dd tiln hdnh nghidn edu dupe mpt sd thdnh phan phd'i lidu Idp mdt trang tri vdi cdc nguydn liPii khodng mdu vd Pxyt mdu. Oieu ndy hdt sdc quan trpng d i i vdi san phim gdm tudng nhe Idt mdt, nd md ra hUdng mdi trong cdng nghp chd tao san phim gdm hai Idp.
TAP CHf KHOA HOC C O N G NGHf XAY DUNG S6 04/2009 113
Dong thdi de tdi da xae lap dupe so dd cdng nghp chd tao san p h i m gdm tUdng nhe lat mdt trang Iri vdi trang thief bi hien cd d nude la hidn nay. Oe tdi cd y nghTa Idn ve khoa hpc cung nhu ve kinh te trong viec nghien cijru mpt chdng lopi vat lieu vdi cau true Ihay d i i , cung nhu lao ra duoc loai vat lieu mdi cd nhilu tinh ndng UU viet sddung eho cdc cong tnnh nhd cao tang.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Vu Minh Ode - Cdng nghe gdm xay dong. Nxb Xdy dung. Ha Npi. 1999.
2. Vu Minh Ode - Nghien eiru chi tao gom xdp eSch nhidt. Oe tdi nghien edu khoa hpe Bp Gido due & Odo tao. Ma sd: B.2000-34- 74
3. Vu Minh OdC - Nghidn eiru ehi tao sin pham gim tudng ttteo phuang phSp cdng nghp bSn khd. De tdi nghien edu Khoa hpe Bd Giao due - Odo tao. Ma so: B2003-34-41.
4 Vu Minh Ode - Nghidn ciru chi tao vat lipu gom xip each nhidt phuc vt/ eho cSc edng trinh xSy dung nhS cao ting d HS Ndi. sCr dung nguin nguydn lieu dia phuang vS phi thii. Oe tdi nghien cdu K^loa hpc cdp Thanh phd Hd Npi, ma sd: 01C-04/04-2001-1.
114 TAP CHf KHOA HOC C O N G N G H $ XAY DUNG Sd04/2009
