TAP CHi CUNG THIfdNG
NGHIEN ClfU CAC NGUON LlJC TAC DONG DEN PHAT TRIEN DU LICH CONG DONG THEO Hl/CfNG BEN VCfNG TAI XA HlTCfNG SCfN, HUYEN MY DlfC,
THANH PHO HA N O I
• BUICAMPHl/dNG
TOM TAT:
Xa Htfdng Sdn, huyen My Dffe, thanh phd Ha Npi vd'n ttf lau dtfdc du khach biet de'n la mot diem du lich tam linh vdi quan the di tich va danh thang Hffdng Sdn. Trong nhffng nSm qua, edng ddng dia phffdng sinh sd'ng tai khu vtfc nay cQng da dtfdc htfdng ldi ttf mot cdc hoat ddng ddn tid'p du khach. Dieu nay da giiip eho loai hinh du lieh cdng ddng hinh thanh tai day. Tuy nhidn, de du lieh thtfc stf mang lai hieu qua tao ra sinh kd' ben vtfng, giup cdng ddng dia phtfdng dn dinh va nSng cao chat Itfdng cudc sd'ng, thi viec nghien effu cac ngudn Iffc lac ddng dd'n viec phat trien du lieh edng ddng d day rat quan trpng. Trong bai vie't nay, dffa vao cd sd li Iu3n vd ngudn Iffe trong phat tridn du lich cdng ddng cffa Fujin Shen, chung ldi da tie'n h^nh khao sal cpng ddng dia phtfdng, iff do thay dtfde thtfc trang cac ngudn Itfc tac ddng dd'n ph^t tnd'n du lieh cdng ddng, tao ra sinh ke ben vffng tai huyen My Dtfe, thanh phd' Ha Ndi.
Tff khda: Du lich cdng ddng, sinh ke bdn vffng, xa Htfdng Sdn, huyen My Dtfe.
1. Cdsdly lu^n
De lie'n hanh nghien cffu nay, nhdm tae gia sff dung khung sinh kd'ben vffng danh cho du lich eiia Fujin Shen Tuy nhien, md hinh nghidn effu va cac thang do dtfde dffde ehinh sffa cho phii hdp vdi dae diem va mue tieu eua nghien effu. Md hinh nghien effu ve ngudn Iffc trong phat tnen du hch cpng ddng dtfde trinh bay. (Hinh I.l).
Tai san sinh ke'du lieh la trung tam eiia SLFT, bao gdm vd'n nhan Iffe, xa hdi, tai nguyen, kinh le' va the che'. Trong do:
Vd'n nhan Itfe "dai dien eho eae ky nang, kie'n thffc, kha nang lao ddng va sffc khde lot eho phep mpi ngffdi theo dudi eae chie'n Iffdc sinh ke' khac
nhau va dat dffde mue tidu sinh ke " (DFID, 1999a, trang 17).
Vd'n xa hdi "dtfdc lay de cd nghTa la cac ngudn Itfc xa hdi ma mpi ngtfdi rut ra trong viec theo dudi eae muc tidu sinh ke' eiia hp" (DFID, 1999a, trang 19).
Vd'n tai nguyen: bao gdm tai nguyen ttf nhidn va lai nguyen van hda phuc vu eho hoal dpng du lieh
Vd'n kinh te' da dtfde Scoones sff dung (1998, irang 8) de de c | p de'n vd'n tai chinh va vat chat.
Cu the:
- Vo'n vat cha't (Physical capital): Von vSt chat bao gdm ed sd ha tang cd ban va hang hda vSt chS't nham hd trd vide thtfc hien cac hoat ddng sinh ke,
306 So 8-Thang 5/2019
QUANTRJ-QUANLY
Hinh 1.1: Sd do khung sinh ke ben viJng cua Fujin Shen
Ngudn vdn vat chat the hien d ea cap cd sd edng ddng hay cap hp gia dinh.
- Vd'n tai ehinh (Financial capital): Vd'n lai chinh la cac ngudn tai chinh ma ngtfdi ta sff dung nham dat dffde eae muc lieu trong sinh ke',
Vd'n the ehe': Vd'n the che' d day dffdc hieu la sff cung cap cho mpi ngffdi quyen tie'p eSn vao thi trifdng du Iieh, chia se ldi ich du lich, tham gia vao qua tnnh hoach dinh chinh sach, mtfe dp s5n sang tham gia eiia mpi ngtfdi dtfdc phan anh trong cac quyel dinh de dat dtfdc ke'l qua sinh kd' lot hdn.
2. Phifdng phap tie'n hanh
Dtfa Iren md hinh va cac thang do gd'c, tac gia xdy difng nen bang hoi khao sal ve eae ngudn Iffc tac dpng dd'n phat trien du lieh edng ddng tao ra sinh ke'ben vffng gdm 37 bie'n quan sat, giai thich cho 5 nhan td' ehinh la tai san smh kd' gdm vd'n nhSn Itfc, xa hdi, tai nguyen, kinh id' va the che'.
Tiep do, bang hoi dffde gffi de'n va lay y kie'n ciia cac hd gia dinh d xa Hffdng Sdn, huyen My Dffc, thanh phd'Ha Ndi, dac biet d eae khu vffc lan c3n vdi Khu di tich va thang canh Htfdng Sdn vdi 400 phie'u, Ke't qua ihu ve du 400 phie'u vdi 387 phie'u hdp le va 13 phie'u khdng hdp Id do ihie'u Ihdng lin. Dff lieu sau khi ihu ve dtfdc nhap va xff ly tren phan mem SPSS 20.
Theo cdng thffe mau eua Hair va cdng sff thi vdi 37 bid'n quan sat thi mau khao sal de cd dp tin cay tdt la 370 phie'u hdp Id, nhff vay vdi 387 phie'u hdp
Id thi tSp dff lieu thu thip dffdc cua nghien cffu nay la dang tin eay.
3. Thtfc trang cac ngudn lufc tac ddng de'n phat tridn du Hch c^ng ddng tao ra sinh kd' bdn vifng t^i huydn My Dtfc, thanh pho'Ha Npi
Thtfc trang ve vd'n eon ngtfdi Nhan id' "vd'n eon ngtfdi" dtfdc danh gia thdng qua 13 bie'n quan sal, ke'l qua khao sal cho tha'y, cac bie'n quan sat dtfdc danh gia d mffc dp khdng deu nhau vdi gia tri trung binh nhan id' dat 2.94 diem (d mffc 3, Binh thffdng) va gia tri trung binh cac quan sat dao ddng trong khoang 2.25 - 4.18 diem. Trong dd, cao nhat la hai lieu ehi "Ngffdi dan ed kha nang bieu didn van nghe cho khaeh Ihffdng thtfc" va "Ngtfdi dan cd ky nang ban hang cho khach du lich"
vdi gia tri trung binh dat 3.01 diem, edn hai lieu ehi thS'p nha't la "Ngtfdi dan ed ky nang giao tid'p vdi khach du lieh" va "Ngtfdi dan ed kha nang phuc vu khach an ud'ng" ed gia tri trung binh itn Itfdt la 2.83 didm va 2.82 diem. Song nhin chung, ta't cae eac tieu ehi dang dtfde ngtfdi dan dia phtfdng danh gia d mffc 3 (binh thtfdng). (Bang 1).
Ke'l qua nay eho tha'y cdng ddng tai khu vtfc xa Htfdng Sdn, huyen My Dtfc nhan thtfc ehtfa thtfc stf rd net vai trd cua ngudn vd'n con ngtfdi khi tham gia vao boat ddng du lieh. Cdng ddng dia phtfdng eho rang, de Iam du lich cpng ddng thi ban than nhtfng ngtfdi dan trong mdi hd gia dinh can phai ed nhffng ky nang can thie't trong qua trinh ddn tie'p va phuc vu khach du lich. Tuy nhien, trong nhan id' vd'n con ngtfdi, ben canh vide ngffdi dan ed ki nang ddn tie'p khaeh ihi kha nang phuc vu khaeh cung la mdt nhan to' quan trpng tac ddng dd'n ngudn vd'n con ngtfdi. Dd la kha nang hffdng dan, phuc vu Iffu trii, phuc vu an udng. Mpi van de nffa, dd \k du lieh cdng ddng khdng phai la viee lam ddn 1^ cua tffng hd gia dinh ma kinh nghiem Iff cae dja phffdng khac cho ihCy mud'n lam du lich edng ddng ihanh edng c^n phai cd stf tham gia eiia eae thanh vien khac trong thdn, xdm iffe la can phai co cau lac bd sinh kd'. Tuy nhidn, cdng ddng lai danh gia ehtfa eao ve van de nay.
Thuc trgng ve nguon vdn kinh le
Nhan td' "Ngudn vd'n kinh id'" dtfdc do Itfdng
So 8 - T h a n g 5/2019 307
TAP CHi CONt iHifne
Bang 1. Thong ke mo to nguon von con ngudi
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Bien quan sat NgUcii dan co nang luc tLI minti don va phyc vu khacti du lictl Ngudi dan co i<tia nang td ctiUc cac cau lac bp sinh ke trong thon xom Ngudi dan c6 kha nang/san sang ket hop cung cac cong ty du lich de don khach.
Ngudi dan co kha nang phuc vu khach luu tru Ngtldi dan c6 kha nang phuc vu khach an udng Ngudi dan cd kha nang lam hudng dCn vien cho khach Ngudi dan cd kha nang chuyen chd khach
Ngudi dan cd kha nang bieu dien van nghd cho khach thudng thUc Ngudi dan cd ky nang ban hang cho khach du hch
Ngudi dan cd phuong tien va biet phuong thdc cho du khach thue Ngudi dan cd ky nang giao tiep vdi khach du lich
Ngudi dan can cd kha nang ndi mdt sd cau bang tieng Anh vdi khach Ngudi dan cd kha nang sd dung cac Ung dung cdng nghe thdng tin can ban
Trung btnh
N 387 387 387 387 387 387 387 387 387 387 387 387 387 387
Tmng binh 2.90 2.95 2.97 2.97 2.82 2.95 2 95 3.01 3.01 2.98 2 83 2.93 2.95 2.94
edi$ch chuan 1.192 1.024 1.002 1.136 1.081 0.902 1.165 1.062 1.012 1.116 1.119 0.936 0.947 1.063
qua 06 bie'n quan sat thanh phan, gia tri trung binh nhan td'dat 2.317 diem (mffc 2, khdng ddng y), cac bie'n quan sat ed gia tri trung binh Iffdng ddi deu nhau, bie'n thien trong khoang tff 2,25 de'n 2.40 diem va deu d mtfc ihap. (Bang 2).
Ngudn vd'n kinh le' giff mot vai ird quan trpng trong viec phat trien du lich cdng ddng tai dia phtfdng, song cac dieu kien vd vd'n dang ehtfa tao
NguSn. Ke't qud xd ly sdlieu tren phdn mSm SPSS
dieu kien de ngtfdi dan cd thd de dang de'p can cung nhtf yen tam dau tff vao phat tnen du lich cdng ddng, Cu the, ngffdi dan eho rang ho khong de de lie'p cSn vdi ngudn vdn cho phat trien du lich cdng ddng va ngan hang cung thie'u stf ddng hanh cung ngtfdi dan trong vide phat trien eae dtf an du lich cdng ddng. Ben canh do, quy md vdn vay cung thap, thdi gian vay vd'n cung ehtfa dii dai han va
Bang 2. Thong ke mo ta ngu6n von kinh te
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6
Bien quan sat Ngudn vdn cho phat trie'n du ijch phai de'tiep can Thdi gian vay vdn phai dai han
Quy md nguon vdn Idn Lai suat vay vdn phai thap Cac thu tuc vay phai dan gian
Ngan hang phai ddng hanh cung ngudi dan trong viec sd dung ngudn vdn phat trien du ijch
Tmng binh
N 387 387 387 387 387 387 387
Tmng binh 2 34 2.40 2.29 2.25 2.31 2.31 2.317
GO l$ch chuin 1.139 1.047 1.143 ' 1.207 1.062 1.161 1.127 Nguon - Ke't qud xd ly sd lieu trin phdn mem SPSS
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cac thu tuc vay vdn edn khd khan,,., cung tac ddng ddn vide tie'p can ddng vd'n eiia ngtfdi dSn, didu nay nghla la de tham gia phat trien du lich cpng ddng thi ngtfdi dan chu yd'u phai khai thiic cac ngudn vd'n ttf gia dinh, do vay vide phat trien du lich cdng ddng ndi day van d tinh trang manh ai lay lam.
Thuc trgng ve von tdi nguyen
Nhan to' vd'n lai nguydn cd 05 bid'n quan sat thanh phan, ke'l qua so lieu eho tha'y, cae bie'n quan sat dtfdc danh gia d mffc dp iffdng dd'i eao vdi gia tri trung binh nhan td' dat 4.104 diem va gia tri trung binh cac quan sal ciing khdng deu nhau va dao ddng irong khoang 4.06 - 4.15 diem. Trong dd, cao nha't la tieu chi "Khu di tich va thSng eanh Hffdng Sdn cd gia in lam linh cao de giup phat trien du lieh edng ddng" vdi gia iri ra'l eao la 4.15 diem, eon tieu chi tha'p nha't la "Dja phffdng ed canh quan iff nhien da dang, phong phu dd phat trien du lich edng ddng" cd gia tri trung binh dat 4,06 didm. Dieu nay chffng td edng ddng ehffa nhan Ihtfe dtfde he'l tiem nang trong phat tridn du lich, dac biet la tiem nang ve lai nguyen du lich vanhda. (Bang3).
Thuc trang ve nguon luc vo'n xa hgi Nhan id' nay cd 06 bid'n quan sat thanh phan, gia tri Irung binh 06 bie'n quan sat giai Ihieh eho nhan id' "vd'n xa hdi" dat 3.08 didm, eae bie'n quan sat cd gia tri trung binh bie'n thidn trong khoang ttf 2.98 de'n 3.15 didm. Dieu nay chffng to edng ddng ed quan lam de'n ngudn vdn xa hdi, cac bie'n quan sat ed Hen quan chat che vdi ldi ieh cua cpng ddng va dffdc cdng ddng quan lam va danh gia cao. (Bang 4).
Thuc trgng ve von the che
Nhan Id' nay cd 07 bie'n quan sat thanh phan, gia tri trung binh 07 bid'n quan sat giai thich cho nhan to' "vd'n the che'" va cd gia tri trung binh nhan td'd mtfe ttfdng dd'i eao, dat 3.586 diem, eae bie'n quan sat cd gia tri trung binh bie'n thien trong khoang Iff 3.54 den 3.65 diem. Dieu nay chffng td, the che' ddng vai trd kha quan trpng trong vide dinh htfdng smh ke' eho cdng ddng dia phtfdng d khu vtfc nghien cffu. (Bang 5).
Ke't qua n^y cho tha'y, ngtfdi dSn ludn mong ddi vao nhffng chinh sach eiia chinh quyen dia phtfdng. Do do ne'u chinh sach tff phia chinh quyen dtfa ra id'l se giup cho cdng ddng phat Bang 3. Tho'ng ke mo ta nguon von tai nguyen
TT
1
2 3 4 6
Bien quan sat
Khu di tich va thang canh Huong Son cd gia trj tam linh cao de gidp phat tnen du ijCh cdng
Dja phuong cd canh quan tu nhien da dang, phong phu de phat trien du lich cdng ddng
\ ^ n hda cua cdng ddng dan cu dia phuong ddc dao, hap dan Phong tuc, tap quan dac sac
Khu sinh thai rdng, hap dan Tmng binh
N
387
387 387 387 387 387
Tmng binh
415
4.06 4.11 410 410 4.104
Dd l$ch chuan
0.920
1 012 0.991 0.918 0.940 0.958 Ngudn: Ket qud xd ly sd Uiu trin phdn n nSPSS
Ket qua nay cho tha'y, mac dO lai nguyen du lich bao gdm lai nguyen du Hch tff nhien va nguyen du lich van hda gdp phan khdng nhd lao nen net dac sac cua du Hch edng ddng va edng ddng dan ctfd Htfdng Sdn cung da nhan thffc dffde va danh gia rat eao ve nhtfng gia tri tai nguyen du lich ciia dia phtfdng.
trien theo diing nhtf mue tieu: "Dan giau, ntfde manh" nhtfng ngffdc Iai ne'u chinh sach khdng td't se day ngffdi dan de'n eude sd'ng khd khan Cong ddng d khu vffc nghien cffu mong mud'n trong sinh ke' du lich ihl chinh quyen dia phffdng cd dffde nhffng ehinh sach td't va ludn ddng hanh cung vdi edng ddng.
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TAP CHi CDNG THlTtfNG
Bang 4. Thong ke mo ta nguon von xa hoi
TT 1 2 3 4 5 6
Bie'n quan sat Cdng dong can doan ke't de bac tdn van hda truyen thd'ng Cdng ddng cd y thdc giu gin va bao sinh mdi trudng tu nhien Cd su tin tudng va doan ke't giOa cac hd trong thdn/xa
Cdng ddng hd'tro la"n nhau khai thac cac dieu kien s§n cd nham thu hut khach du hch
Cdng ddng ludn san sang tham gia vao cau lac bd sinh ke du lich cdng ddng Cdng dong ludn de cao vai trd cua phu nO trong hoat ddng du hch cdng ddng
Tmng binh
N 387 387 387 387 387 387 387
Tmng binh 2.98 3.04 3.15 3 10 3.10 3.11 3.08
Cdlfdl chuin 0.956 0.986 0.997 1.004 0.961 0.980 0.981 Nguon: Ki't qud xd ly sd lieu tren phdn mem SPSS Bang 5. Thong ke mo td nguon von the c h e
TT
1 2 3 4 6
6
7
Bien quan sat
Chinh quyen dia phuong ludn khuyen khich cdng ddng tham gia vao hoat ddng du Ijch
Chinh quyen d|a phuong tao dieu kien cho gia dinh ddn, tie'p khach du hch Chinh quyen dja phuong td chdc cac Idp hoc nhdm giup ngudi dan dja phuong nhan thdc rd ve du hch cdng ddng
Chinh quyen dja phuong hdlro vd'n de cdng ddng lam du hch Chinh quyen dja phUdng trang bi co sd vat chat nhu (dien. dudng. y te, mang ludi thdn tin lien lac) tdt
Chinh quyen dja phuong cd nhieu chinh sach nham xuc tien hoat ddng du lich cua dia phuong
Chl'nh quyen dia phuong khuye'n khich tham gia ra quyet djnh va quan ly hoat ddng du lich
Tmng binh
N 387 387 387 387 387
387
387 387
Tmng binh 3.59 3.54 3.65 3.54 3.62
3.56
3.60 3.586
Bdl^ch chuan
1.062 1.152 1.122 1.156 1.173
1144
1.171 1.14
4. Kd't luan
Qua vide lie'n hanh thu thap danh gia eua ngtfdi dan xa Hffdng Sdn ve 05 ngudn life de phat tnen du lieh edng ddng tao sinh ke'ben vtfng da eho ke't qua nhtf sau, ngffdi dan xa Htfdng Sdn, huyen My Dffc, thanh phd Ha Ndi danh gia eae ngudn vd'n cho phat trien du lich cdng ddng theo htfdng ben vtfng theo mtfc dp thff iff iff eao nha't la "Vd'n tai nguyen" vdi gia tri irung binh nhan td dat 4.104 diem, ihtf hai la "Vd'n the ehe" vdi gia trj trung binh nhan Id' dat 3,586 diem, thff ba la "Vd'n xa
Ngudn: Ket qud xd ly sd Heu tren phdn mem SPSS hpi" vdi gia tri trung binh nhan to' dat 3.08 diem, thff Iff la "Vd'n eon ngffdi" vdi gia trj trung binh nhan td' la 2.94 diem, va cud'i cung la "vdn kinh te" vdi gia tri trung binh nhan td'dat 2.317 diem.
Dffa tfen ke't qua khao sat cho tha'y, ngtfdi dan xa Htfdng Sdn btfdc d^u da nhan thtfc dtfdc vai tro eua du hch dd'i vdi cuoc sd'ng eiia hp. Tuy nhien, do nhffng ye'u td' bao gdm ea ehu quan va khach quan dan de'n nhan thffc eua edng ddng ve cac ngudn Iffc eho phat men du lich de tao ra sinh kd' ben vffng vdi
"Vdn con ngffdi" sau nhffng ngudn Iffc khac, trong
310 So 8-Thdng 5/2019
QUANTRI-qUANLY
khi ddi vdi loai hinh du lich cdng ddng ihi ngudn vdn sinh ke' ben vffng giup ngtfdi dan on dinh va nang con ngffdi giff vai tro quye't dinh bdi con ngffdi ehinh cao cha'l Itfdng cudc sd'ng ra't can nhffng chuyen gia la ehu the tham gia va quye't dinh vao hoat dpng du ttf van, dinh htfdng cho edng ddng; ddng ihdi can cd lieh ciia dia phffdng. De du lieh cdng ddng tai khu nhffng ehinh sach tfu dai, hd trd ve vo'n eho cdng vffc nghien cffu thffe sff phat trien va trd thanh ngudn ddng tham gia vao hoat ddng du lich •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
1. DFID (1998). Sustainable Rural Livelihoods. Deparimeni for International Development
2. Fujun Shen (2009), Tourism and the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach: Apphcation within the Chinese Context.
A thesis of Doctor of Philosophy. Lincoln University.
3. VU Manh Hd (2004), Gido Irinh Kinh te Du lieh, Nhd Xudt bdn Gido due Viet Nam.
4. Nguyen Dinh Hoe. Vd Vdn Hieu, (2002) Gido trinh Du hch bin vUng, Nhd Xud't bdn Dai hgc Qudc gia Hd Ndi.
5. Trdn Ddc Thanh (chu hiin), (2016), Gido trinh Dia li du lich. Nhd Xud't bdn Dai hgc Qud'c gia Hd Ndi.
Ngay nhan bai: 10/4/2019
Ngay phan bidn danh gia va su'a chffa: 20/4/2019 Ngay cha'p nh^n dang bai: 28/4/2019
Thong tin tdc gid:
TS. BUI CAM PHUONG Trtfdng Dai hpc Thang Long
ANALYZING RESOURCES AFFECTING COMMUNITY BASED TOURISM TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
AT HUONG SON COMMUNE, MY DUC DISTRICT, HANOI
• Ph.D BUI CAM PHUONG Thang Long University
ABSTRACT:
Huong Son commune. My Due district, Hanoi has long been known to tourists as a spirimal tourist site with Huong Son relics and landscapes complex. Over the years, local communities living in this area have gained benefits from tourim activities. The community based tourism has been formed among these local communities. It is necessary to have researches on resources affecting the community based tourism in order to help local communities have sustainable livelihoods, stabilize andimprove their quality of life. Based on Fujin Shen's theoretical basis ofresourees for community based tourism and surveying local communities, this article presents how resources affect the community based tourism and creat sustainable hvelihoods in My Due district, Hanoi.
Keywords: Community based tourism, sustamable livelihoods, Huong Son commune. My Due dishiet.
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