lUAT
NGHIEN ClfU, TIM HIEU KINH NGHIEM GIAI QUYET VAN DE LAO D O N G , VIEC LAM
TRONG DIEU KIEN VIET NAM GIA NHAP CQNG DONG KINH TE ASEAN CUA MOT SO
DIA PHl/dNG VA BAI HOC RUT RA CHO TINH QUANG BINH
• PHAN THI THU HA
T 6 M TAT:
Sau khi Vidt Nam gia nhdp Cpng dong kinh td' ASEAN (AEC), tinh Qudng Binh da rat quan tam gidi quyd't vd'n de lao ddng, viec lam cho ngffdi dan. Nam bat xu the' hpi nhap khu vffc va quoc te, linh de'n nam 2018, cac trung tdm dich vu vide lam da tff va'n ve vide lam, hpc nghe va xuatkhau lao ddng cho trdn 36.000 Iffdt ngffdi, co 3.350 lao ddng dffdc myen dung dffa di lam vipc ed thdi ban d nffdc ngoai theo hdp ddng. Hang nam, Iffdng kieu hdi eua ngffdi lao dpng lam vide d nffdc ngoai gO"! ve hdn 200 t^ ddng, da gdp phin giup ngffdi ddn nang eao chS't lu'dng eude sd^ng.
Tuy nhidn, bdn canh nhffng thuan ldi, vide Viet Nam gia nhap AEC cung dat ra nhieu thach thffe, khd khdn dd'i vdi vd'n d l gidi quyd't viec lam cho lao ddng cua tinh Quang Binh. Bai viel nghidn cffu lim hieu kinh nghidm gidi quye't lao ddng, vide lam cua mdt sd' dia phffdng trong diiu kien Vidt Nam gia nhdp AEC va bai hpc kinh nghiem eho tinh Quang Binh.
Tiif khoa: Asean, lao ddng, viee lam, linh Quang Binh, kinh nghidm.
l.Dltva'nde
Trong nhffng nam g^n day, do co sff di chuyen lao dpng ti-ong khu vffc AEC, kinh td' ngffdi dan tinh Quang Binh dffdc cdi thien, Iffdng kieu hdi cua ngffdi lao ddng lam viee d nffdc ngoai gu'i ve gdp phan giup bd con nhdn ddn xay dffng, ehinh trang nha d, mua s^m ngff eu, dau tff may moc san xudt ndng nghiep, phat trie'n md hinh chan nudi. Dong
thdi, giai quyet viec lam cho lao ddng dia phffdng, gop phan thuc day kinh te' - xa hpi tinh Quang Binh phdt tiien ddng hffdng.
Tuy nhien. vide Viet Nam gia nhap AEC cung dat ra nhieu thach thffc, khd khan dd'i vdi vd'n dd giai quye't viec lam eho lao ddng eua tinh Quang Binh. Tham gia AEC, ngffdi lao ddng eua linh ed the phai chiu nhffng bat ldi do doanh nghiep gap
nhieu khd khan khi phai canh tranh vdi edc doanh nghiep nffdc ngoai, tham chi pha san, dan de'n lao ddng bi mat viec lam. Chat lUdng nguon nhan lu'c lao ddng cua Quang Binh chffa cao, qud trinh dao tao nghe trdn dia bdn tinh vln chffa dap ffng dffdc yeu cau cua thi trffdng lao ddng AEC va nhu cau xa hdi, sffe hut lao ddng trong cac doanh nghiep khd khiem tdn do quy md nhd lai vffa thie'u. Ty le ngu'di di xua't khau lao ddng d cde nffdc Thai Lan, Singapore, Malaysia d lai bat hdp phap cdn cao, da anh hffdng khdng nho de'n ngffdi lao ddng trong nffdc noi ehung, tinh Quang Binh noi rieng khi mud'n di xud't kbd'u lao ddng vao thi trffdng nay.
Chinh vi vay, de gidi quye't td't vd'n de lao ddng va viec lam d dnh Quang Binh trong dieu kien Viet Nam gia nhap AEC can cd sff nghien cffu, danh gia mdt each khoa hpc, khdch quan va toan dien ve nhffng tdc ddng eua vide gia nhap AEC.
2. Npi dung
2.1. Lao dgng, vi^c lam Vift Nam trd&c khi gia nh4p CQng dong kink te ASEAN (AEC)
Ngay lOthdng 11 nam 2014,Tong Cue trffdng Tong cue Thd'ng ke da ban hanh Quye'i dinh so' I287/QD-TCTK ve Diiu tra lao dpng viec lam nam 2015. Muc dich eua cudc diiu tra nham thu thdp cde thdng tin ve linh trang tham gia thi trffdng lao ddng nam 2015 cua nhffng ngffdi tff 15 tudi trd len hien dang sd'ng tai Viet Nam lam cd sd long hdp, bien soan cde ehi tieu thd'ng ke qud'e gia \ e lao ddng, vide lam, tha't nghiep va thu nhap eua ngffdi lao ddng. Qua dd giup ede cd'p, cac nganh ddnh gia va so sanh sff bie'n dpng cua thi trffdng lao ddng, lam can eff xay dffng, hoach djnh chinh sdeh phdt trien nguon nhdn Iffc, ke' hoach boat ddng dau tff, san xua't, kinh doanh phu hdp vdi xu hffdng phat trien cua thi trffdng lao ddng trong bd'i canh Viet Nam gia nhap Cong dong kinh le' ASEAN (AEC). Dong thdi. cd edeh tiep can va ap dung khuye'n nghi mdi cua To ehffc Lao ddng Qud'e te've lao ddng va viec lam. dac biei la "lao ddng chffa sff dung he't" vao thffe tidn Viet Nam.
Sd lieu dffdc long hdp Iheo quy cho cap toan quoc:
vung va nam cho cap tinh. thanh phd.
2.2. Kinh nghifmeiiiquyl'l'ill il''"' '"«' viec lam lro„g iHu kifn Vi'l Nam gta nhqp AEC cua m^t sKdia phUtmg vi hai hoc cho tinh Qudng Binh
2 2.1. Kmh nglultti giat quyet rati de lao dong.
viec lam Irong diiu kien Viel Nam gia nhap AEC ciia mot so dia pliiitJng
2.2.1.1. Kinh nghiem cua tuih Quang Tn Tinh Quang Tn la dia phiJOng da dat dUdc nhillig Icet qua quan trpng trong giai quyft van de lao d6ng, viec lam sau khi Viet Nam gia nhap AEC. Nam 2016, SS Lao dpng • Thtlflng binh va Xa hpi tinh Quang Tri da phoi hap vdi cac doanh nghiep xuat khau lao dpng. Tnfdng Trung cap nghe Quang Tri, Tinh doan. Hoi Lien hiep Phu nirtinh, Hpi Nong dan tinh to chiJc hpi nghi pho bien cac chinh sach va tiT van ve viec lam, xuat khau lao dong; hpi nghi tap huan ve ky nang, phifdng phap phan tich thong tin thi tnfdng lao dong ct mot sp cum xa. Sd Lao d6ng - Thifdng binh va Xa hpi tinh Quiing Tri cung tllp trung thifc hien cac npi dung, giiii phap de h§ trd ngifdi lao dpng cac xii, viing ven bien trong viec dinh hifdng, chuyen doi nghe va tao viec lam, nhif; To chiJc diio tao nghe gdn vdi giai quyet viec lam; chi dao to chu'c san giao dich viec lam tai cac xa, cum xii ven bien; phoi hdp vdi cac doanh nghiep to chu'c tuyen truyen, tuyen dung lao dpng di xuat khau lao dong tai cac xa, dac biet la cac xa ven bien.
Sd Lap dpng - Thifdng binh va Xa hpi tinh Quiing Tri da td chifc dieu tra, khao sat thong tin ve nhu cau hoc nghe, giai quyet viec lam, xuat kliau lao ddng, chuyen ddi smh ke ciia cSc hp gia dinh thupc 16 xa vung bien bi anh hifdng do mdi tnfdng sinh thai bien b| 6 nhijm. Ke't qua la nam 2016, tinh Qudng Tri da giai quye't viec lam cho khoang 10.600 lUdt lao dpng (dat 112 % ke hoach). trong dd cd 6.312 lifpt lao dpng lam viec trong tinh, 2.809 lifdt lao dpng lam viec ngoai tinh va 1 479 lao dpng lam viec d ngoai mfdc (Nhat Ban, Dai Loan, Hiin Qudc, Ma-lai-xi-a, Lao va cac thi tnfdng khac), ty le that nghiep thanh thi giam con 3,6'/r (4). Nilm 2019, tinh Quang Tri da giai quye't vipc lam mdi cho 14.012 lap ddng (dat 1.33.4% ke hoach), trong dd xuat kha'u lao dong 2.926 ngifdi.
LUAT
2.2.1.2. Kinh nghiem cua tinh Binh Dffdng 6 Binh Dffdng, trong 6 thang dau ndm 2016, boat dpng tff vd'n vide lam da thu hut 1.276 doanh nghiep va 42.378 lao ddng tham gia. Tinh eung da giai quyd't vide lam eho 25.692 lao dpng. Cde trffdng, cd sd day nghe d Binh Dffdng irong nam 2016 dd tuyd'n sinh gan 32.000 hpc vien va dao tao nghe cho I.48I lao ddng. Tinh dd'n nam 2019, da tff va'n gidi thieu vide lam cho 123.622 ngffdi lao dpng; so ngffdi lao ddng dffdc gidi thieu vide lam la 84.798 ngffdi; sd' ngffdi lao ddng nhan dffdc vide lam la 45.342 ngffdi. De'n eud'i nam 2019, Trung tam Dieh vu vide lam dnh da tie'p nhan thdng tin tuyin dung lao ddng cua 3.905 doanh nghiep, vdi nhu cau tuy^n dung 178.336 lao ddng;
irong dd CO I27.0321aoddngphd thdng-chie'm ty le 71,2%; 51304 lao ddng chuyen mdn va lao ddng ky thudt - chie'm ty Id 28,8%. To ehffe san giao dich vide lam trffe tie'p, san trffe tuye'n, san giao dich vide lam online. Tinh dd'n he'l thang 10/2019, Trung tdm td chffc tong edng 39 san giao dich vide 1dm, vffdt 44,4% chi tieu dang ky dau nam. Cu thi, da td' chdc 34 san trffe tie'p tai tru sd (24 san dinh ky tff lln thff 202 dd'n 225 vd 10 san md rdng); 04 san tai cde trffdng dai hpc, cao ddng, dia phffdng va doanh nghidp tren dia ban tinh, 01 phidn giao dich vide lam online.
v l cdng tdc xud't khd'u lao ddng: Cde doanh nghiep tuyen ehpn lao ddng di lam viec theo hdp dong lai nffdc ngoai, tren dia ban tinh ed 30 lao ddng di lam viec d nffdc ngoai (Ddi Loan: 8 ngffdi, Nhat Ban: 21 ngffdi. Ma Cao: I ngffdi). Cd 15 lao ddng dat ke't qua luyen ehpn, chd xud't canh di Han Qud'e (IPS) theo chffdng trinh phd'i hdp giffa 02 Chinh phu Viet Nam va Han Quo'c; 01 lao ddng di lam viec tai Nhat Ban theo chffdng trinh phd'i hdp giffa 02 Chinh phu Viet Nam vd Nhat Ban.
Xdc nhdn cho Cdng ly CP Nhan Lffe Hoang Ha tff van, tuyen ehpn lao ddng di lam vide ed thdi han d nffdc ngoai theo hdp dong. Trien khai vide tang cffdng boi dffdng kie'n thdc can thie't cho ngffdi lao ddng khi di Idm vide eung nhff cac doanh nghiep dffa lao ddng di lam vide tai Dai Loan. Trong ndm 2019, 60 lao dpng di lam vide d nffdc ngoai theo hdp dong qua Chffdng trinh phi ldi nhuan va
chffdng trinh Idi nhuan (doanh nghiep ed chffc nang dffa lao ddng di lam vide d nffdc ngoai theo hdp dong).
2.2.2. Bdi hoc gidi quyet vdn de lao dong, viec lam trong diiu kien Viet Nam gia nhap AEC cho tinh Qudng Binh
Mot Id, chinh quyen cac cap cua tinh Qudng Binh cdn hoan thien the che ve lao ddng- xd hoi theo tieu chuan khu VIJCC vd qudc te.
Chu ddng nghien cffu Cdng ffdc ed ban cua ILO (dae biet la 3 Cdng Udc ed ban vl quyen iff do lien ke't va thffdng Iffdng tap the eua ngffdi lao ddng va ngu'di sff dung lao ddng, xda bd lao ddng cffdng bffc va lao dpng bat budc). Nghien cffu cac dieu ffdc, lieu ehua'n va cam kd't qud'c te' ve lao ddng - xa hdi md Viet Nam la thanh vien, tren cd sd do tu van, xay dUng chinh sdeh lao ddng, viec lam cho Qudng Binh phii hdp vdi khu vffc va qud'e te'. Ap dung cde phffdng phdp tie'p can, tieu chi danh gia ve lao ddng - xa hdi theo thdng le qud'c td' va khu vffc. Chu ddng dff bao, xff ly kip thdi edc va'n de lao ddng - xa hpi phdt smh trong qua trinh phat triln, thffe thi cde cam ke't qud'c te'. Long ghep binh dang gidi trong qua trinh xay dffng, hoan thien the che' ve lao ddng - xa hdi theo yeu cau hdi nhap qud'e id'.
Hai la, tdng cudng truyen thdng, phd bien kie'n thdc vd ndng cao nhdn titdc.
Tuyen iruyen, phd bien sau rpng chu tru'dng hpi nhap AEC va qud'c te' ve linh vffc lao dpng- xa hpi irdn cac phffdng tidn thdng tin dai ehung; xay dffng cdng thdng tin dien tff hdi nhap qud'e te' ve lao dpng- xd hdi. Td ehffc bdi dffdng kie'n ihffc hpi nhap AEC va qud'e le' ve lao dpng - xd hdi irong cae ban, nganh, cd quan, doanh nghiep, ngffdi lao ddng cua tinh Quang Binh, nham nang cao nhan thffe vl nhu cau, ndi dung, ed hpi va thach thffc trong hdi nhap AEC, trong viec thue hien cac cam ke't vdi AEC, lao dong thuan va tang cffdng trach nhiem, ed hanh ddng thd'ng nha't thffe hien ede hoal dpng va hdp tdc qud'c id'.
Ba Id, ndng cao chdt luang nguon nhdn lUc.
Tap trung vao ddi mdi giao due - dao tao, day nghe dia phffdng, trong do chii trpng viee xdc djnh lai ed eau dao tao: hodnlhien the che'. gdn ke't dao
tao vdi nhu eau thi trffdng lao ddng trong nffdc va AEC vdi tham gia eua doanh nghiep; tang cffdng lien kd't, tham gia vao "chuoi gia tri dao lao loan eau hoac khu vffc AEC". Dao lao theo ddn "dat hang" cua doanh nghiep, eiia ihi trffdng theo cac lieu chuan nang Iffc trong AEC.
Bdn Id, hodn thien vd phdt trien thi trudng lao ddng trong tinh.
Ke't ndi cung - eau lao dpng hieu qua. To chffc td't he thd'ng thdng tin thi trffdng lao ddng, bao gdm thi irufdng trong tinh Quang Binh ndi ridng va trong nffdc ndi ehung de gidi thieu va ebdp ndi vide lam vdi thi trffdng lao dpng AEC. Ddc biet, tang cffdng va ndng cao chat Iffdng dff bao nhu eau lao ddng cua thi trffdng AEC. Doi mdi va day manh cdng tac Iff vd'n hffdng nghiep, ddm bao phan luong hoe sinh hidu qua ngay iff cap trung hoc ed sd va trung hpc phd thdng. Td chffc lai va ndng cao nang Iffc eua hd thd'ng trung tdm dich vu vide lam nham tdng cffdng sff lien kd't, chia se thdng tin, ho trd nhau trong edng tac eung ffng va tuyen dung lao ddng eho cac doanh nghiep.
Ndm Id, xay dUng quan he lao dong hai hoa, dn dinh vd lien bd.
Xay dffng cdng doan ed sd vffng manh. Tdn trpng va bao ve quyen cua ngudi lao dpng trong vide thanh lap va gia nhap to ehffc cua ngffdi lao ddng tai ed sd doanh nghiep. Day manh ihffc hien quyin Ihffdng Iffdng tap the thffc chd't. Ndng eao ndng Iffc eua cd quan thanh tra lao ddng trong tie'p nhdn, xff ly thdng tin, xff ly tranh cha'p lao ddng de ddp ffng cde cam ke't trong AEC.
Sdu Id, thdc ddy di cu lao dong an u n vd hieu qud.
Hd ird cho lao dpng di chuyln (dd bo cac rao can v l hanh chinh, tao lien thdng ede dieh vu xa hdi Cd ban, lien thdng bao hiem tha't nghiep, bao hilm xa hdi, bdo hie'm y te'...). Do'i vdi lao ddng Quang Binh lam viec tai nffdc ngoai theo h0p d6ng. cdn tiep hie khac phue; lao dong bo iron (bao dam eho ngffdi lao ddng ve nffdc dung ban) va tai hda nhap td't vao tiii trffdng lao ddng; lien ke't vd tao dffng mang Iffdi an sinh xd hoi, chuyen nen ve nffdc an loan va sff dung hieu qud, giam cac lieu effc trong tuyen dung.
3. Ket luSn
Cong ddng kinh te' ASEAN (AEC) dffdc thanh lap md Viet Nam la qud'e gia ihdnh vien da ddnh da'u mdt bffdc phat trie'n vffdt bac vl kinh te', khoa hpc vd xa hdi, eho phep nffdc ta lan hffdng dffdc nhffng dieu kien ihuan ldi nha't de vffdn minh Idn mot tam cao mdi.
Sff kien nay tao ra cd hdi Idn cho tinh Quang Binh trong vide giai quye'i van de lao ddng, viec lam, day manh xud't khau lao ddng sang thi trffdng AEC. Tuy nhidn, bdn canh nhffng ed hdi cd dffdc, lao ddng cua tinh Qudng Binh cQng se phai dd'i dien vdi nhieu thdch thffe, khd khdn khi chd't Iffdng nguon Iffc lao dpng con tha'p. Vi vdy, nghien cffu thffc trang, ddnh gia dung eha't Iffdng, de xua't nhffng giai phdp kha thi nhdm nang cao chd't Iffdng ngudn lffe lao ddng eua tinh Quang Binh ddp ffng yeu cau cac thoa tiiuan tiiffa nhdn Idn nhau ve lao ddng trong AEC hidn nay la hd't sffe can dud't •
TAI L i e u THAM KHAO:
1. Qud'c hoi (2012). Bo Ludt Lao ddng.
2. Qud'c hoi (2016). Bd Lugt Dieu udc qudc te.
3. Qudc hoi (2013), Bo Luat viec lam sd38/20!3/QH13.
4. Qudc hoi (2006). fi<J Ludi Ngifdi lao dqng Viet Nam di Idm vi^c d nude ngodi theo hap ddng Luat sd 72/2006/QHlI.
5 Bd Cong Thifdng - Vu Chinh sdch thUdng mai da bien(2016|. Cdng dong kinh te ASEAN -Cdhoi k \h& h thffc vdi Viet Nam. aecvcci.vn/lin-luc -/cong-dong-kinh-ie-asean-co-hoi-va-thach-thuc-voi-viet-nam
LUAT
6. Bg Lao dong - ThUdng binh vd Xa hoi (2013), Thong tu sd 11/2013/IT-BLDTBXH danh muc c6ng viec nhe dU(?c sd dung ngudi dUdi 15 ludi lam viec. Ha Ndi.
7. Bd Ke hoach vd Dau tU - Tong cue Thdng ke (2016), Bdo cdo ndng sudi lao ddng cua Viet Nam: Thuc trang vd gidi phdp. Ha Npi.
Ngay nMn bai: 7/6/2020
Ngay phan bi^n danh gia va su'a chffa: 17/6/2020 Ngay chap nh§n dang bai: 27/6/2020
Thdng tin tdc gid:
ThS. PHAN THI THU HA
Khoa Lu§t, Trffotng Dai hpc Quang Binh
EXPERIENCE IN RESOLVING LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT ISSUES OF SOME LOCALITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF VIETNAM'S PARTICIPATION IN ASEAN
AND SOME LESSONS FOR QUANG BINH PROVINCE
• Master. PHAN THI THU HA Faculty of Law, Quang Binh Unviersity ABSTRACT:
After Vietnam joined ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), Quang Binh Province, like many other localities accross the country, has paid great attention to labor and employment issues. Grasping the trend of regional and international integration, as of 2018, employment service centers in Quang Binh Province have advised, trained and exported over 36,000 turns of workers and 3,350 employees are employed lo work abroad under contracts with a definite period of time. Every year, Quang Binh Province's workers Uving abroad sent home more than 200 billion VND. helping local people improve their quality of life. However, besides the advantages, Vietnam's participation in ASEAN Economic Community also poses many challenges and difficulties to employment issues of Quang Binh Province. This article presents the experience in resovling labour and employment issues of some loeahties in the context of Vietnam's participation in ASEAN Economic Community, thereby drawing some lessons for Quang Binh Province.
Keywords: ASEAN Economic Community, labor, employment, Quang Binh Province, experience.
