Hgi nghi Khoa hoc ky- niim 35 ndm Vien KH&CNVN - Hd Noi -10/2010
NGHIEN ClTU CONG NGHE CHE TAO HOP KIM NHA KHOA Ni-Cr-Mo-Ti CHO KY THUAT PHUC HINH RANG
To Duy Phuong". Do Thj Duyen", Le Minh Tuan", Pham Due Thing"
Nguyen Khac Xuong^'
"Vien Khoa hpc Vat lieu, 18 Hoang Qudc Viet, Ha Ndi,
^'Trudng Dai hpc Bach khoa Ha Ndi Email: phuongtd@ ims.vast.ac.vn Tom tit:
Hgp kim nha khoa Mkencrdmmolybdentitan (NiCrMoTi) cd hdm lugng khodng /dVoNh^ UYoCr, 5%oMo, 4%Ti va vi lugng cdc nguyen td Al, Cu da dugc nghiin cuu che tgo thdnh cdng cdc chi Hit nhu edu rdng sit, hdm khung, nep gd rdng.
Hgp kim NiCrMoTi dd dugc din hdnh nghiin citu a cdc thiit bi hiin dgi dii do dn cdy Di tdi dd xdc lap dugc nhiit do luyin diic thdi hgp kim khodng I400°C.
Nin hgp kim NiCrMoTi Id austenU cd xen Idn lien kim NiCr. Cdu trite hgp kim cd hinh vdy cd vd nhdnh cdy nhd min xip diu trin todn bd bi mat thdi diic.
Hgp kim dgt dugc tuang duang mdc Talladium CE 0197 ciia Y, vdi do bin keo trin 400 Mpa, dd cung HB trin 252, bi mat hgp kim cd mdu trdng sdng.
Abstract:
NiCrMoTi dental superalloy containing 76%Ni I4%Cr, 5%Mo, 4%Ti and Cu, Al microelements was investigated and made dental bridges, crowns and full dentures.
NiCrMoTi dental superalloy was carried out in modern equipments with high confidence. A project was determinated melting and casting temperatures about 1400°C. Alloy NiCrMoTi matrix was obtained as austenUe with intermetalic NiCr.
Microstructure of NiCrMoTi superalloy having fish scales and small-smooth dendrite arms arranging regularly on full ingot section.
Obtained superalloy is equivalenlly with mark of Talladium CE 0197 of Italy and gained strenght >400 Mpa and HB hardness> 252, surface color was light white.
1. Mo dau
Hgp kim nha khoa nikencrdmmolybdentitan (NiCrMoTi) tuang duang mac Talladium CE 0197 cua Y la mac cd ham lugng khoang 76%)Ni, 14%Cr, 5%)Mo, 4%Ti va vi lugng cac nguyen td Al, Cu, Be [1].
Day la hop kim cd nhiet dp ndng chay va diic khoang gin 1400°C. D I tao ra dugc thdi hgp kim cdng nghe due phd biln la rdt vao khudn thep chiu nhiet CrNiMoTi. Vi cd nhiet dd ndng chay va diic thap nen hgp kim cd thi diic theo cdng nghe ap lire thip hoac ban Idng [2-
De tai da nghien cuu thu nghiem due thdi hgp kim nha khoa NiCrMoTi vao khudn kim loai va ca phuang phap cdng nghe due ap lire thip qua nhilu dot thi nghiem. Kit qua nghien ciiu dugc trinh bay trong bai nay la da dugc mpt sd Labo, nha khoa sir dung dl cbl tao cac cau rang sir, ham khung va ham rang gia.
207
Tieu ban Khoa hoc vdt liiu ISBN: 978-604-913-011-3
2. Qua trinh hinh thanh mim va kit tinh hop kim
Nhiet chuyen hoa mam ket tinh tir trang thai Idng sang dac vai qua trinh lam ngudi nhanh dugc xac lap nhu sau [6]:
L=H,-H, = T„.AS (1)
O day: Hi, Hd la entalpi ciia trang thai Idng va dac, Tn la nhiet dp lam ngudi, AS la entropi cua qua trinh chuyen boa.
Nang lugng tu do tdng de chuyen boa mam ket tinh khi ddng dac dugc xac lap nhu sau:
AGT = a\AG,j^ 6a\cr3,i (2)
6 day: a la canh cua tinh the lap phuang, AGt.i la nang lugng chuyen boa tinh the lap phuang, ad.i la nang lugng be mat dac-ldng.
Nang lugng chuyen boa cue dai dugc xac lap nhu sau:
AG^^=32aJ/AGj=32(jJ(T^L)\(I/AT)' (3)
Vdi crdm, titan va molybden hinh thanh tinh the lap phuong tam khdi cdn niken, nhdm va ddng la lap phuong tam mat cd nhiet chuyen hoa tir 2500 den 4600 cai (g.ngtir)"'.
Sir hinh thanh va chuyen boa cau tnic ciia hgp kim diic trong khudn dugc cho thay tren hinh 1,2.
^•
I
Nhiet do chuven hod
Thanh khuon
I
ini mm inna\:
-Kim-leai- long
Khodng cdch Khuon Khuon . On dinh vo ket tinh
Hinh I; Su hinh thdnh lcrp vd kit tinh trin thdnh khudn
N'-'it do thdp Nhiet do cao Nhiet do thdp Nhiet do cao Nhiet do thdp
Lan hat Tdi hod tan Lan hat
Nhdn so hgt —— f Mdu sdng trdng
Hinh 2: Su lan hgt vd hinh thdnh linh thi
Tir hinh 1. 2 cho thay khi due rdt hgp kim d nliiet dp thip hat tinh thi se thd cdn d nhiet dp cao thi hat tinh the se min nhilu, mau se sang tring. Cac gian dd hinh 1,2 la ca sd dl cd the tien hanh luyen che hgp kim thich hop cho gia cdng due kim hoan cac chi tilt ciu, ham khung, nep ga ham rang.
3. Thuc nghiem
De tai da lira chpn phdi lieu kim loai theo bang 1.
Phdi lieu tir kim loai sach dupe lira chpn theo co cbl tao nin hgp kim cd ciu true vay ca min, cd nhiet dp chay va diic thap, cd co tinh mem, deo. Me M43 cd bd xung l%)Cu
l%Ai.
208
Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky niem 35 ndm Viin KH&CNVN - Hd Noi -10/2010
Bang 1. Phdi lieu luyin hgp kim T.t
1 2
->
J
4 5 6
Me
M24 M25 M26 M27 M31 M43
Trong luong me/g/
100 300 200 200 300 100
Thanh phan Ni
76 234 152 152 234 76
Cr 15 45 30 30_j 45 14
Mo 5 9 8 6 9 5
phoi lieu /g/
Ti 4 12 10 10 12 4
Cu - - - - - 1
Al - - - 2 - 1
Cdng nghe luyen hop kim dugc tien hanh vdi qua trinh nap 1 lan va cd the cd bd sung trong qua trinh luyen. Ket qua cho thay; luyen d nhiet dp cao >1400°C thuan lgi hon, cac me tiep theo tdc dp luyen rat nhanh, gan nhu dien ra qua trinh nhiing tan kim loai. Me M43 rat thuan lgi va be mat Idng sang, tTnh, phang.
Qua trinh due thdi hop kim dugc tien hanh d nhiet dp thap, cd nghla la de hgp kim Idng trong chen Id ha nhiet sau dd mdi diic vao khudn. Ket qua la da dat thdi diing qui chuan cd be mat sang trang. Me mau M43 dat tdt nhat.
Cau tnic nen hgp kim phan anh mau be mat hgp kim, nen cac hgp kim nha khoa NiCrMoTi can dugc nhiet luyen. Cdng nghe nhiet luyen dugc tien hanh la de ngudi tu nhien, trong khudn va trong ddng nude lanh.
4. Ket qua va danh gia ket qua
Thanh phan hda hpc cac me luyen diic hgp kim nha khoa dac trung dugc cho thay d bang 2.
Bdng 2; Thdnh phdn hgd hgc T.t
1 2 3 4 5 6
Me M24 M25 M26 M27 M31 M43
cdc me luyin ddc trung Thanh phan hoa hoc /%/
Ni 75,24 75,80 76,69 77,12 76,18 74,00
Cr 13,10 12,90 13,70 15,10 15.16 16,00
Mo 4,10 4,00 3,92 4,00 4,45 5,00
Ti 3,45 3,40 4,28 3,78 4,21 4,00
Al//Cu - - - - - 0,5/0,5
Bang 2 cho thay thanh phan hda hpc ciia cac me luyen diic dugc phan tich dinh lugng d Vien Luyen kim den va ddi chimg EDS d 2 noi khac da dat dugc tuang duong mac Talladium CE 0197. Me 43 cd thanh phan niken gin 74%)Ni, crdm tren 16%)Cr, molybden tren 5%)Mo, titan gan 4%)Ti, ngoai ra cdn vi lugng nhdm va ddng.
Viec khdng che ham lugng Ni va Ti thip ban cac mlu khac da bo xung them Cu va Al (mau M43) la dat chit lupng hgp kim vdi thanh phin 74%)Ni, 16%)Cr, 5%)Mo, 4%)Ti, 0,5Cu, 0.5%A1.
Ket qua thuc nghiem cdng nghe va danh gia kit qua dugc cho thiy d bang 3.
Mpt sd mau bl mat ghd ghi cd lo ro khi va mau xam tdi. Nhiing khuylt tat nay d thdi due cd the do due d nhiet dp cao, cd khuiy dao manh da dua khi vao hgp kim. Thanh phin hgp kim d bang 2 cd mdt sd mau ham lugng Cr va Mo d gidi han tren. Molybden va titan la nhiing nguyen td cd ai lire Idn vdi oxy nen da bi dxy hoa tao ra bl mat xam. 6 day cdn cd thi
Tiiu ban Khoa hoc vdt lieu ISBN: 978-604-913-011-3
do nguyen nhan ban dau la luyen diic tir cac hgp kim sach de bi dxy hoa khi khuay dao. Mau M43 dat ket qua ban dau ve be mat bao dam; nhan, bdng va sang tring cho thay mpt nhan biet ve cdng nghe luyen diic hgp kim NiCrMoTi thich hgp la di tir cac kim loai sach, it Ti va cd vi lupng Cu va Al.
T.t
1 2 3 4 5 6'>
Me
M24 M25 M26 M27 M31 M43
Bdng 3. Kit qud thuc nghiim vd ddnh gid kit qud Ket qua phan tich danh gia
Luyen chay T thip<1400''C T cao >1400°C Tcao, Khuay, cao xi T cao, Khuay, cao xi T cao, Khuay, T thap, Khuay, T cao.
T cao.
Diic thoi T thip<1400°C T cao -HOO'C 2 thdi, T thap 1 thdi, T thap 1 thdi, T cao 1 thdi, T cao 2 thdi, T thap 2 thdi, T thap
Nhiet luyen
Tu nhien, trong nude.
Trong khudn, trong nude Tu nhien, trong nude, Trong nude.
Tu nhien, trong nude.
Trong nude.
Ket qua (BI
mat)
Tdi Sang dep Sang Sang Xam Sang trang nhan dep Chdt lugng cao, tdi uu di chon
Bang 3 cdn cho thay tir nhiing kim loai cd nhiet dp ndng chay cao tao ra hgp kim cd nhiet dp chay thap (chi khoang 1400°C), dieu nay phii hgp vdi ca sd ly thuyet da dugc xac lap d cac cdng trinh da cdng bd gan day [6,7] .
Mdt sd me luyen diic thuc nghiem da chuyen cho diic che cau rang su d Labo ky thuat phuc hinh rang. Cac cau rang sir dat dugc chat lupng da danh gia lai cac thuc nghiem che tao hgp kim nha khoa NiCrMoTi la cac mau thuc nghiem da dat dugc hgp kim chat lugng; thdi diing qui chuan, be mat sang trang, bam sir chac (d bang 3).
Cau true hpp kim ciia cac mau dac trung duoc cho thay tren cac hinh 3-5.
. , . . , • • . - . . . . . . ' • . - ' - y
,s-^
^ /•^
<^
ii
wmmmmm
^Aiv<'^>^'//^J^
•< - f c 3- /
' V , .
Hinh 3: Cdu triic hiin vi quang hgc, mdu M 25,
tdm thuc marble
k-C'™'*"-Ci^':'- • ''' .-"•• • - .
Hinh 4; Cdu true hiin vi quang hgc, mdu M 27,
tdm thue marble
Hinh 5; Cdu trite Men vi quang hgc, mdu M43, tdm thuc marble
Kit qua phan tfch cau tnic tren kfnh hien vi quang hpc tir hinh 3-5 cho thiy nin hgp kim nha khoa NiCrMoTi la austenit cd xen lan lien kim NiCr. Tinh thi hgp kim hinh viy ca va nhanh cay nhd min deu tren toan be mat thdi due.
Kit qua phan tich nay tuong ddng vdi cau tnic hgp kim mac Talladium CE 0197 [3].
Phan tfch phd EDS cho thay trong than hat la rat tuong ddng vdi phan tich quang phd, cdn cac vimg bien hat thi cd phan xe dich dac biet la ham lugng niken va molybden cao ban (>75%)Ni va >5%Mo).
Cac gia tri ca tinh dugc cho thay d bang 8.
Tir bang 8 cho thay cac mau hgp kim due cd gia tri dp ben keo khdng cao vi chua dugc nhiet luyen, neu mau dugc nhiet luyen se dat dugc tren 600 Mpa. (3 day cd sir sai lech 210
Hoi nghi Khoa hoc ky niim 35 ndm Viin KH&CNVN- Hd Ngi -10/2010
khi do dp bin keo do gia cdng tao miu chua chuan xac; cu the la cac miu khdng dut d giira miu ma phin Idn dut d mdt phia sat gin dau kep. Mpt sd miu cd gia tri do qua thap do tao mau chua dung kfch tbudc ciia tieu chuan do nhu dau kep qua ngan. Dp sai lech ket qua do cdn do mau cd khuylt tat thdi diic, dilu nay cho thay d mat dirt ciia mau.
Bdng 8. Kit qud do kiim cdc gid tri ca, ly tinh T.t
1 2 3 4 5
Me
M27 M31 M37 M43 M44
Ket qua cac gia tri co Gioi han ben
CTb/MPa/
505 494 365 529 324
Gioi ban chay ach/MPa/
441 393 361 430 257
Do dan
dii 6/%/
7,08 6,85 5,36 8,37 7,28
y tinh Modun dan
hoi E /MPa/
8152 8760 7538 8433 7072
Do Cling HB
284 252 253 304 252 5. Ket luan
Hgp kim nha khoa NiCrMoTi cd ham lugng khoang 76%Ni, 14%Cr, 5%oMo, 4%Ti la dat chat lupng mong mudn.
Hop kim nha khoa NiCrMoTi cd nhiet dp ndng chay va diic khoang gan 1400°C la thfch hgp.
Cdng nghe diie thdi hop kim la rdt vao khudn thep chiu nhiet CrNiMoTi d nhiet dp
<1400°C la thich hgp.
Nen hgp kim nha khoa NiCrMoTi la austenit cd xen lan lien kim NiCr vdi cau tnic cd hinh vay ca va nhanh cay nhd min deu tren toan bd be mat thdi diic.
De tai da phat trien hgp kim nha khoa NiCrMoTi vdi thanh phan 74%)Ni, 16%oCr, 5,0%Mo, 4,0%)Ti, 0,5%)Cu, 0,5%oAl tuang duang chit lugng mac Talladium CE 0197 ciiaY.
Dp ben keo ciia thdi due dat tren 400 Mpa. Dp cimg HB dat 252 Be mat mau cd mau sang trang.
Loi cam on
Tap the tac gia chan thanh cam on Chuong trinh Khoa hpc Vat lieu, Vien Khoa hpc va cdng nghe Viet Nam da giao cho de tai va cap kinh phi de thuc hien trong 2 nam qua. Tap the de tai xin bay td ldi cam on chan thanh den GS. Vien sy Nguyen Van Hieu va Ban Chu nhiem Chuong trinh da kiem tra, ddn ddc va cd vii, dpng vien de de tai hoan thanh nhiem -vu.
De tai xin cam an lanh dao Vien Khoa hpc Vat lieu da tao mpi dieu kien de de tai trien khai cd hieu qua.
2.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
To Duy Phuong', Do Thi Duyen', Le Minh Tuan' Pham Due Thang', Nguyen Khac Xuong", ''Studies on Ni-Cr-Mo-Ti Dental Cast Superalloys" Proceedings of WFC- 2010, Hangzhou, China, 16-20''' October, 2010, p.127-132
To Duy Phuong', Pham Due Thang', Le Minh Tuan^ ''The factors infiuence on as cast surface colour and microstructure of dental Ni-Cr-Mo-Ti superalloys"
Proceedings of AFC-10, Nagoya , Japan, 21-24"" May, 2008, p.362-365
Tiiu ban Khoa hoc vdt lieu ISBN: 978-604-913-01
3. To Duy Phuang, "Anh hudng eiia mdt sd yiu Id cdng nghi din cdu triic vd mdu bi mdt eug hgp kim nhg khog NiCrMgTi". T.c. Kim Loai, sd 18, thang 6. 2008. 28-32 4. Riccardo Illic, '-Talladium Tilite Allay casting instructions", 20135 Milano. Itah' 2000 5. Vero B., Fauszt A., et.al, "Applieadon of rapid solidification for producdon of dental
alloys" Materials Science and Technology. Vol. 8, No.7, 1992, 645-648.
6. Atsumi Ohno, Solidification, Springer Veriag. New York 1987
7. Td Duy Phuang, Bao cao Tdng ket nghiem thu de tai "Nghien citu chi tgo hgp kim NiCrMoTi ldm vdt lieu chdn thuang chinh hinh nha khoa", Vien KH Vat lieu 2005.
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