nghien cou kha nang xay dl/ng khoi chan oe gian co dinh

(1)

Hpi nghi KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau khi Viet Nam tru'dc them theky 21'

NGHIEN COU KHA NANG X A Y DL/NG KHOI C H A N OE G I A N CO DINH CHO VONG NU'OC SAU 100-200M PHUC VU CHO CONG T A C

KHAI T H A C D A U KHI 6 THEM LUC DIA VIET NAM

Chu Chat Chinh Vien Dau khi

TOM TAT

Trong bai viet nay. tac gia trinh bay ndi dung mdt De tai Nghien eUu Khoa hgc do chinh tac gia de xuat tu nam 1995 va cung la mot phan trong kien nghi ve dinh hudng nghien cuu va ap dung khoa hgc cdng nghe trong nam 2000 va nam 2001 - 2005 "Nghien ciru xac dinh cac dieu kien to chde va ky thuat can thiet phuc vu edng tac khao sat, thiet ke. thi cdng cac cdng trinh dau khi vung nude sau 70 - 2000m".

TiNH HiNH THI CONG X A Y Dl/NG KHOI C H A N OE G I A N KHOAN BIEN CO OjNH TRONG NU'OC HIEN NAY

Ngay 19 thang 03 nam 1984, tai viing bien md Bach Ho lan d i u tien Xi nghiep lien doanh Vietsovpetro da van chuyen khd'i chan de sd 1 eiia gian cd djnn sd 1 (MSP) tU cang d i u khi Vung Tiu ra diem xay dyng bing he thd'ng 02 ponton chuyen dung va danh chim thanh cdng, danh d i u bude phat trien mdi cua nganh xay lip cdng trinh diu khi bien Viet nam.

Cho den nay tren them luc dja nude ta da xay dyng duge 10 gian MSP, 01 gian cdng nghe trung tam, 10 gian nhe BK, cac gian khi, gian d'ng dUng (FT), gian ep via (PPD), gian ngudi d, gian Rang Ddng, Ruby v.v... va hang tram kilomet dudng d'ng din d i u , d i n khi ngim dudi bien. Tuy nhien, tat ea eae gian khoan bang thep ke tren chi mdi thi cdng xay dyng d cac md Bach Hd, Rdng, Rang Ddng, Ruby vdi bien sau tren dudi 50m. Trong tuang lai khdng xa nganh edng nghiep Diu khi Viet Nam se tien ra bien xa han va chinh phuc cae md diu khi d do sau Idn han. Trudc mit dd la cac md khi Lan Tay, Lan Dd v.v... thudc be trim tieh Nam Cdn San vai bien sau tren 100m.

Trong tinh hinh thyc te hien nay tai Viet Nam, Xi nghiep lien doanh Vietsovpetro la dan vj duy nhit trong Nganh cung nhu trong ea nude cd du nang lye, trinh do de thi edng gian khoan bien cd dinh (hoae MSP hoae BK va cac loai gian tuang duang khae) vdi bien sau 50-60m. Vdi khd'i chan de Idn han, tuang irng vdi mye nude bien sau han thi cin thiet phai nghien ciru cac phuang an thi edng eho tUng trudng hgp cu the.

1. Nang lUc thi cong tren bd cua Vietsovpetro

• Bail lap /a/?.'Vietsovpetro cd bai lap rap vdi dien tieh 210.000ml Bai lap rap dugc xay dyng chju tai vdi ap lye 6Kg/eml

• Du'dng trWc/t:Tren bai lip rap bd tri hai he thd'ng duang trugt.

> Dugng trugt sd 0 dai 183 m, rdng 16 va 20m. Ap lye chju tai lOOT/m dai

> Oudng trugt sd 1 dai 216 m, rdng 16 m. Ap lye chiu tai lOOT/m dai

Day la hai dudng trugt chuyen dung de keo trugt khdi chan de len hai ponton hoae xa lan chuyen dung.

• Bin cang:

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> Mcfn nude H=6,0m khi thuy trieu kiet r- Bien dd trieu dao ddng khoang 04-05m

• Cac loai cau chuyen dung DEM A G do Di^c san xuat 'r Loai DEMAG CC-4000 (cin dai 42m): 01 chiee

> Loai DEMAG CC-2000 (cin dai 72m): 01 chiee y Loai DEMAG CC-2000 (cin dai 60m): 01 chide r Loai DEMAG CC-2000 (cin dai 36m): 02 chide

r Loai DEMAG CC-600 (cin dai 54m): 07 chiee r Loai DEMAG CC-600 (cin dai 36m): 01 chiee

Tdng edng cau DEMAG cac loai: 13 chiee

• Cac loai cau, xe nang, pa lang, tang dd kich .v.v... chuyen dijng khae.

2. Nang life thi cong tren bien cua Vietsovpetro

• Tau cau chuyen dung

r Cau ndi Hoang Sa (ISPOLIN) sire eau 1200 T i n

> Tau cau Trudng Sa (TITAN) sUe eau 600 Tan

> Cau ndi Cdn San (NPK-547) sire cau 547 Tan

Trong cae cau tren: t i u eau Trudng Sa la t i u eau hai than, ty hanh dugc; tau eau Hoang Sa va Cdn San khdng ty hanh dugc. Cau ndi Cdn San la cau ndi chuyen dung cho cdng tac thi cdng d'ng ngim ngoai bien. Tit ea 03 eau deu quay duge 360°.

Odi t i u bien ciia Vietsovpetro la dgi t i u chuyen dung manh, phue vu thi cdng cac edng trinh bien so vdi trong nuac, cung nhu trong khu vyc (xem Bang 1)

• Cac loai bOa dong cgc chuyen dung:

> Loai MRBS-1800: 04 chiee y Loai MRBS-3000 : 03 chiee

Bang 1. Odi t i u bien cua Vietsovpetro N5

1 2 3 4 5

Ten tau Sdng Dinh

Sao Mai

Lam San Vung T i u Long San

Sd lUdng

1

3

1 1 1

Nu'dc, nam che tao Ba Lan-1985

NaUy-1981

PhinLan-1983 HanQudc-1991

Tiep-1985

Cong suat (ngira) 2x3500 2x4080 2x3520 2x3520 2x4040 2x6648

Trong tai (Tan) 4.013

3.245

2.675 3.590 1.586

Doi tau (ngudi)

23 21 22 27 23

Ghi chu Keo djch vu

Keo dich vu

Keo djch vu Keo djch vu Keo dich vu

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Hpi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau khi Viet Nam tru'dc them theky 21'

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

Ki Van 2 Phu Qui

Long Hal Hal San Ben Dinh Cdn Dao NEFTEGAS 56 NEFTEGAS 60 Chi Linh Chi Lang BaVi He ponton (02 chide) Tong cong

1

2 21

Nhat-1983-1985 Tiep-1985 Nga-1985 HanQudc-1990

Ba Lan-1984 NaUy-1979 Ha Lan-1987 Ha Lan-1989 Nga-1975 Thuy Oien-1976 ThuyOien-1976

VietNam-1982

2x2300 2x2500

2x1050 2x3300 1.200 2x3600 2x3600

2.036 1.032 306 1.198 2.430 62 1329 1393 182000 157020 165200

2x800

16 16 20 15 37 6 26 24 42 42 42

Keo djch vu Keo djch vu Dieh vu lan Dieh vu lan Keo djch vu

Keo hd trg Keo djch vu Keo djch vu Chua diu Chira diu Chira diu Dung de van ehuyen-ha thuy- danh chim KCO

3. Trinh tir thi cdng xay dirng khdi chan de gian cd djnh cua XNLD Vietsovpetro

Thyc chat cdng tae thi edng xay dyng khd'i chan de (ca tren bd va ngoai bien) cae gian cd djnh da dugc xay dyng nhu: MSP, BK, gian d'ng dirng, ep vi'a, khi nhd .v.v... deu do Lien doanh d i u khi Vietsovpetro la dan vj chii tri chinh,

Mdt sd giai phap cdng nghe chinh dien hinh trong thi cdng ma Vietsovpetro da sir dung dd la:

• Ddi vdi loai khdi chan de Idn, cu the la khdi chan de eua gian MSP ed kich thudc LxBxH=46/36m x 24/14m X 65m, trgng lugng P=1400T (ke ca Idng 04 cgc chinh), thi qui trinh cdng nghe thi edng (ddi vdi ea hai khdi chan de) nhu sau:

> Lap dyng 2 panel trong; lap dyng 2 panel ngoai; td hgp khd'i chan de tren dudng trugt (cd mang trugt) Keo ha thuy khdi chan de tU dudng trugt len 02 ponton chuyen dung

Van chuyen khdi chan de ra diem xay dyng bang t i u keo djch vu

>

> Oanh chim khdi chan de bang hai phuang an: cho khd'i chan de ty trugt bing he thdng dudng trugt chuyen dung tren ponton dudi hoae diing t i u cau Hoang Sa cau khdi chan de (mat dudi) de giai phdng ponton dudi va tU tU danh chim khdi chan de, sau dd thao ponton tren giai phdng khdi khdi chan de.

> Ojnh vi khd'i chan de, ddng cgc, bam tram

> Cau lip dyng thugng ting, hoan thien edng trinh.

Sa dd qui trinh cdng nghe thi edng dien hinh gian MSP trinh bay tren Hinh 1.

Ddi vdi loai khoi chan de nho, eu the la khdi chan de ciia gian BK hoae cac gian cd kich ca tuang duang, vOi kich thudc: cao khoang 55-60m, nang khoang 700Tin, thi qui trinh edng nghe thi cdng nhu sau:

> To hgp khd'i chan de tren bai lap rap

(4)

Hpi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau khi Viet Nam tru'dc them the ky 21'

> Dung cau DEMAG CC-4000 va CC-2000 xoay va van chuyen khd'i chan de ra mep cang.

> Dung cau ndi Hoang Sa cau khdi chan de len xa lan hoae 02 ponton van chuyen

> Van chuyen ra bien bang xa lan hoae 02 ponton chuyen dung

>• Tai diem xay dyng diing eau ndi Hoang Sa (hoae ket hgp 02 cau Hoang Sa va Trudng Sa) eau khdi chan de tu xa lan hoae 02 ponton, danh chim khd'i chan de xud'ng bien (xoay khd'i chan de tu phuang nam ngang sang phuong thing dung). Djnh vi, ddng cgc, bam tram, cau lip thugng ting, hoan ehinh cdng trinh.

Sa dd qui trinh cdng nghe thi cdng dien hinh gian BK trinh bay tren Hinh 2' va 2''.

• Kha nang thi cong xay di/ng khoi chan decac gian khoan bien cddinh ciia XI nghiep lien doanh K'leteOk'yDe/'/u A/e/7/75ytheo danh gia ve gde do chuyen mdn:

> Ve thi edng tren bd: •:,.'..;..•*•:

+ Cac khd'i chan de ed kich thudc tuang ty nhu khd'i chan de eiia MSP thi thich hgp nhat cho cac can cau DEMAG hien ed eiia Vietsovpetro (chieu cao cua khdi chan de la 46 m, chieu dai c i n cau DEMAG ed 7 chiee L=54 m, 1 chiee L=60 m, 1 chide L=72 m). Neu eae khdi chan de mdi ed kich thudc chieu eao Idn han 50 m thi rat khd cho cdng tac dyng lap panel va td hgp khd'i chan de.

+ Ve mat bang bai lap rap, he thd'ng dudng trugt: theo thiet ke ban d i u eua bai lap rap thi cdng nang ciia bai lap rap va dudng trugt ed the eho phep thi edng khdi chan de nang 5000T. Tuy nhien phai kiem tra lai cae sd lieu ve: ap lye bai, ap lye dudng trugt, kha nang keo ha thuy, hd the, eao do bai, ben cang v.v...

phuc vu cho cdng tac lap dyng khdi chan de cung nhu ha thuy khdi chan de len phuang tien ndi (xa lan, ponton, ty ndi v.v...) ddi vdi tUng trudng hgp thiet ke khd'i chan de cu the.

> Ve thi edng tren bien

+ Vdi ddi t i u kha day dii ve chiing loai va sd lugng cung nhu cdng suit, cdng tae thi cdng bien ddi vdi khd'i chan de ciia cae gian nude sau la rit quan trgng.

• Tuy nhien can thiet nghien citu cac van de sau:

> V i n de ha thuy, van chuyen, danh chim khd'i chan de bing giai phap nao? (phuang tien: xa lan chuyen dung, ponton, ty ndi); phuang an ben cang ra sao de giai quyet ddng bd vdi phuang tien ndi phuc vu ha thuy?

> Gia thiet giai phap ha thuy-van chuyen-danh chim bang xa lan chuyen dung da giai quyet triet de, khdng can thiet den cau ndi cdng suit Idn-song ddi vdi thi cdng lip dyng thugng ting d ngoai bien ra sao?, dac biet neu ed gian khoan bien ed djnh cd thap khoan thi van de se giai quyet nhu the nao ?

Nhu vay la c i n xem xet ky ludng hai giai phap: xa lan mat boong chuyen dung va can cau ndi sire cau Idn, t i m vdi eao.

Tren day chi la each dat vin de rat sa bd. ' " ' ' " ''.'.^'•

NGHIEN ccru KHA NANG XAY Dl/NG KHOI C H A N OE G I A N CO OjNH CHO V O N G NLTOC SAU 100 - 200M

1. Tren the gidi: Vdi khudn khd eiia bai bao nay chiing tdi chi gidi thieu mot vai net dien hinh ve mot sd trudng hgp thi cdng khdi chan de gian khoan bien cd dinh nude sau 100-200m (bang hinh anh) ma the gidi da xay dyng.

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Hpi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau khi Viet Nam trWdc them theky 21'

a. Ve bai lip rap:

• Anh 1: la mat bing tdng the mdt bai lap rap ed the thi cdng ddng thdi 02 khd'i chan de (tai 2 khu vyc A, B) vdi bien sau 250 m va mdt khu vyc (C) ed 02 u khd de ddng va sira chua tiu bien loai Idn. Neu trong khu vyc A thay bing mdt ciu tiu thi hinh anh chung ciia bai lip rap nay gin gidng nhu bai lap rap Vung Tiu cua Vietsovpetro (khu vyc C gdm ca cang VSP va cang PTSC )

• Anh 2: la hinh anh kha chi tiet ciia khu vuc B (Anh 1). Tren anh nay the hien rit rd giai phap bai lip rap khu vyc dudn^ tn/gt ddi vdi khdi chan de nude sau 124,5 m (vdi thiet ke chum coc phu, khong co eoe chinh)

Anh 1. Mat bing tdng the bai lap rap thi edng KCO bien sau tdi 250 m

Anh 2. Khu vyc bai lap rap phue vu ha thuy KCO len xa lan mat boong

Anh 3: gidi thieu mot phuang an lap dyng panel ngoai sau khi da thi edng td hgp xong 02 panel trong (cho khdi chan de bien sau 224 m). Cae panel ngoai da td hgp xong vdi cac DIAFRAC trudc khi quay lat. Nhu vay can thiet phai cd cac cau ed tam vdi cao va sire cau Idn.

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Hpi nghj KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau khi Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21'

J.J ^g^a

SIDE PANEL ROLL-UP

Anh 3. Cau lap dyng panel ngoai td hgp vdi KCO b. PhUdng an ha thuy-van chuyen-danh chim

Hiu het cac khd'i chan de bing thep, mdng cgc bien sau tren 100 m ngoai viee thiet ke dam bao tieu chuan do ben, do eirng v.v... cdn de cap den hai ehi tieu sau:

• Dam bao kha nang ha thuy-van chuyen-danh chim bing xa lan mat boong chuyen dung (ddi vdi diem xay dyng each xa bd)

• Phuang an khdi chan de ty ndi (ddi vdi bien kin hoae diem xay dyng gan bd)

Trong ca hai trudng hgp tren, khi danh chim tai diem xay dyng khd'i chan de phai ty ndi dirng (mat dudi khdi chan de khdng cham day bien) . \ .. •

Durdi day la mot so triTdng hdp cu the:

Anh ^\ 4" va Anh 2: khdi chan de duge van chuyen bang xa lan chuyen dung. Cac khdi chan de deu dugc bd tri cae phao phu thich hgp de dam bao ndi durng khi danh chim.

7

Anh 2: phao phu dugc thie't ke phu hgp vdi kich thudc hinh hgc phan tren ciia 02 panel ngoai.

Anh 4': phao phu dugc thiet ke hinh tru dng, bd tn d phan giUa 02 panel ngoai, mdi ben 03 chiee.

Anh 4": phao phu dugc thiet ke hinh d'ng, bd tri d phan tren 02 panel ngoai, mdi ben 04 chiee.

Anh 5: ha thuy-van chuyen-danh chim khdi chan de bang phuang an ty ndi. Trong phuang an nay 02 dng chinh ciJa panel dudi tham gia nhu mdt he thd'ng phao dam bao du lye ndi eho toan bd khd'i chan de khi van chuyen. He thdng dan thiet ke phu hgp cho dieu kien ndi durng khi danh chim khdi chan de.

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Anh 4'. Van chuyen KCO bang xa lan mat boong chuyen dung

Anh 4"- Van chuyen KCO bien sau 224m bang xa lan mat boong chuyen dung

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T O W I N G OF M A U I A T O W E R 5 Anh 5. Van chuyen KCO bing phuang an ty ndi

c. Qui trinh cong nghe thi cong khdi thifdng tang

Nguyen tae ea ban cua edng tac thi cdng khd'i chan de cung nhu khdi thugng tang dd la td hgp khd'i nhieu nhit tren bai lap rap va thi cdng ngoai bien vdi khd'i lugng cdng viec it nhat, thdi gian ngin nhit. Odi vdi khd'i thugng ting eiia cac gian khoan bien ed djnh nude sau thudng cd kich thuac, chieu cao va trgng lugng lan. Chinh vi vay cdng nghe hien dai trong thi cdng khd'i thugng ting cua cae gian khoan bien ed djnh nude sau thuang ap dung theo cac giai phap sau:

• Thi edng khd'i thugng ting tren bai lap rap

> Khdi thugng ting dugc thi cdng, td hgp hoan thien tren bai lap rap

> Do khd'i thugng tang cd kich thudc Idn va nang (khoang tu 7000-10000 Tin) nen khdng the dung cau de chuyen khdi thugng ting tU bai lap rap len boong xa lan dugc. Giai phap huu hieu nhat la sir dung he thdng dan banh xe ldp chuyen dung de van chuyen khdi thugng ting tu bai lip rap len boong xa lan (Anh 6', 'S'). Loai, sd lugng,he khung dan banh xe duge tinh toan phii hgp vgi kich thudc va ket eau khdi thugng ting. Nang khd'i thugng ting tren bai lap rap de dat len he thd'ng banh xe va nguge lai tren xa lan dugc thyc hien bing he thd'ng kich thuy lye dae biet, chuyen dung ed lye nang mdi kich hang tram tin. .

• Thi cdng khdi thugng ting tren bien ...

Hien nay tren the gidi thuang ap dung cac giai phap edng nghe thi edng khd'i thugng tang tren bien CLia eae gian khoan bien ed djnh nude sau nhu sau:

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Phuang an dung eau ndi sieu trudng sieu trgng (loai 2x7000 Tan) de cau nhic khdi thuang ting tu boong xa lan lip dat len khdi chan de (sau khi da thi cdng ddng coc xong)

Anh 6': Van chuyen KTT tren bai lip rap khi ha thuy bang he khung dan banh xe chuyen dung

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Anh 6'': Van chuyen KTT tU bai lip rap xud'ng xa lan mat boong

(10)

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Hpi nghi KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau khi Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21'

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(13)

Hpi nghi KHCN 2000 "Nganh Dau khi Viet Nam trifdc them theky 21'

> Phuang an khdng diing cau ndi: dat khd'i thugng ting len boong 02 xa lan. Khoang each ciia 02 man trong ciia 02 xa lan vua dii eho chieu rdng khdi chan de. Sau khi van chuyen khdi thugng ting tren 02 xa lan ra vj tri xay dyng se kich khd'i thugng ting sao cho khoang tinh khdng khd'i thugng ting cao han mat tren khdi chan de, diing t i u keo dieu ddng 02 xa lan va khd'i thugng ting (luc dd nhu la mot "cdng trao") vao dung vj tri lap dat. Cd djnh 02 xa lan vdi khdi chan de.

Ha kich thuy lye cho khdi thugng ting tiep xuc vdi khd'i chan de. Day la giai phap cdng nghe hien dai, tuy nhien c i n phai giai quyet hang loat cac bai toan ky thuat thi cdng va qui trinh cdng nghe thi edng het sire ngiem ngat.

2. Nghien culi kha nang xay difhg khdi chan de gian cd djnh cho viing nirdc sau 100-200 m tren them luc dja Viet Nam

Cae ndi dung cin nghien eiru nhu sau:

• Nghiien ciru tong quan ve cac giai phap eong nghe thi cong khoi chan de ddi vdi gian eg dinh bang thep d do sau 100-200 m ma cac nude tren the gidi dang ap dung phd bien.

• Nghien ciru phan loai cac gian co dinh bang thep cho cac viing nude sau 100-200 m (phan loai theo cae giai phap edng nghe khai thae diu khi va thi cdng cdng trinh) tren ea sd tim hieu ve djnh hudng qui hoach md nude sau eiia Petrovietnam, nhu eau ve qui hoach khoan, khai thac md sir dung gian ed djnh bang thep hoae be tdng edt thep, hoae eae loai hinh khae: ban chim, d i u gieng ngim.v.v...

• Danh gia kha nang thiet ke, thi eong khoi chan de gian co dinh bang thep d do sau 100-200 m va de xuat eae giai phap thiet ke va thi edng phii hgp vdi dieu kien va hoan canh thyc te Viet Nam hien nay, eho tdi nam 2005 va nhung nam tiep theo.

• Che thCr va thiJ' nghiem mo hinh khdi chan de gian khoan bien cd djnh bing thep 100-200 m khi thi edng ha thuy-van chuyen-danh chim tren bien.

KET LUAN

Ojnh hudng chien luge xay dyng va phat trien md d eae viing nude sau eiia Petrovietnam da khang djnh trong cae nghi quyet cua Nganh. Ndi dung "nghien ciru kha nang xay dung khoi chan de gian co dinh cho vung nude sau 100-200 m phue vu eho cong tac khai thac dau khi a them luc dia Viet Nam" nham danh gia tinh kha thi viec xay dyng gian ed djnh nude sau, phuc vu djnh hudng d i u tu cho Tdng cdng ty Diu khi ve nhan lye, trang thiet bi va ca sd vat chit ndi chung day la nhiem vu cap thiet ddi vdi cac dan vj khoa hgc cdng nghe cung nhu cae dan vj thiet ke, thi cdng trong Nganh va cin dugc thyc hien trong thai gian tai cang sam cang tdt.

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO

1. Chu Chit Chinh: Tong ket kinh nghiem thiet ke, thi cong tren bien cac khoi chan de gian khoan bien co dinh mo Bach Ho. Tap chi Dau khi sd 1-3/1992.

2. Chu Chit Chinh : Oe xuat mot phuong an mdi ve ha thuy-van chuyen-danh chim khoi chan de gian khoan bien co dinh a vung nude sau tren 100 m trong dieu kien them luc dia Viet Nam. Tap chi Diu khi sd 2-3/1994.

3. Mdt sd tap chi, tai lieu ve edng trinh bien ciia nude ngoai: Anh, My, Nhat, Phap...

4. ThamkhaomdtsdtailieuthietkegianMSP,BK... eiia VSP.