Nghien cOu - Trao doi
Nghien cuti thiTc trang kinh te,- xa hoi va uhg pho vofi thien tai, bien ddi khi hku
tai huyen Can Loc, Ha Tinh
Mddau
Nhdm da triSn khai nghien cUu t^i 3 xa, mdi xa chgn 2 than de khao sat t^i huygn Can Lpc, Ha Tinh. Mpe dieh eua nghien cUu nham ho trp ngudi dan tang thu nh$p, giam nh^ nhUng thiet hai, tac dgng do thien tal-bien doi khi h$u (TT-BDKH) gay ra. Dpt khao sat nay dupe ti^n hanh tU ngay 25 den ngay 31/6 vdi si/
tham gia tri/c tiep eua can bg phdng Kinh te huy$n t^i cac thon: Thdn H^ Van vd than LUdng Hpi (xa Khdnh Lpc): thdn 4 va thdn 8 (xa VUpng Lpe); thdn Chien Thing, than Vinh Phuc (xa Vinh Lpc).
1. No! dung, phUdng phap 1 Npidung:Xac djnh nguon lye ty nhien, tinh hinh phat triln KT-XH; nhOng van d l thuan Idi va kho khan va djnh hudng thj trUdng;
thac trang TT-BDKH va nang lUe Ung phd vdi TT-BDKH ei!ia ngUdi dan va chfnh quyIn dja phadng;
tim hieu mong muln cCia ngUdi dan v l phat trien kinh t l va Ung phd vdi TT-BDKH; dua ra mot so giai phap de ho trd ngudi dan phat then s^n xua't thich Ung vdi TT- BDKH va nang cao nang lUc Ung pho vdi TT-BDKH.
2. PhUdng phdp Nhdm khao sat da thuc hien nhOng phUdng phap: Nghien cUu tai lidu cd s i n : Thdng qua cac bao cao ket qua thac hien chi tidu k l
O ThS. DINH THI THANH HUYEN; ThS. TRAN THj THU HOAI ThS. BUI THj THEN; ThS. V6 DIEU LINH Dai hgc Tdi nguyin va Mdi trUdng Ha Ndi
hoach phat trien KT-XH hang nam cDa dia phUdng, Danh gia thue dja thdng qua phUdng phap danh gia ndng thdn cd su tham gia (PRA) vdi cac cong cy da dUdc sii dung nhU: thao luan nhdm trpng tam, ban do thien tai, lich sii thien tai, phdng van sau va tham hd gia dinh, dien bang hoi. Cac cupc thao luan, phdng van sau dupe thUe hien vdi can bd dja phUdng cd lien quan; hpi thao phan hoi..
II. Ket qud khdo sat 1. Dieu ki$n tp nhien, kinh i§'- xa hgi, thien tai va bien doi khih$u
Do dae thu dia hinh cua tinh hep, cac sdng thudng ngan vi doc nen mua mUa bao thudng cd hien tUpng ID quit, sat Id dit gay thiet h^i Idn v l ngudi va eua, anh hudng nghi§m trpng den san xuat va ddi song cija nhan dan; hang nam phai ganh chju nhilu thiet hai do thien t^i gay ra, dae bidt nhOng nam gan day chju knh huSng rd retcuaBDKH&NBD.
Hien nay, ndng thdn Ha TTnh cdn bdc Id nhilu han che: Phat tnen thilu quy hogch, kit cau ha tang KT-XH cdn yeu kem. Mdi trudng ngay cang d nhilm, nang lac thfch Ung, doi phd vdi thien tai cdn nhieu hgn e h l ; ddi song vat chat, tinh thin cDa ngudi dan ndng thdn cdn thip; ^ le ho ngheo cdn cao. Theo danh gia cua Trung tam KTTV tlnh Ha TTnh va cac cd quan
chuyen mdn. Ha TTnh la mdt trong nhijfng dja phUdng chju nhilu tac dpng cCta TT-BDKH - dUdc menh danh la mdt "tui mUa chao li!fa"- TU so lieu hdn 40 nam, qua nghien eUu nhan thay nhUng bilu hidn va tac ddng cua BDKH, thidn tai ddi vdi khu vUc Ha TTnh kha ro vdi cac bieu hi§n:
SU gia tang nhiet do: N hidt dp trung binh thap ky 2000 - 2009 so vdi 30 - 50 nam trUdc tang pho biln ta 0,5 - 0,8 dd C, thudc nhdm cao nhat cCia Viet Nam.
Che dd mua dlin ra thit thudng: Mua cd su biln dpng Idn ca khdng gian va thdi gian xua't hien cung nhu cUdng dp. Thdi gian mua khdng nhilu nhung cadng dp mua Idn gay 10, ID quet vdi mUc nude len cao va CUdng suat ID Idn.
Hien tupng mua dam trong vai thap k^ gan day it khi xua't hien nhu trudc day. Mua mua trong thap ky gan day thudng xuat hien mudn va kit thUc sdm hdn trade.
Hien tUdng nUdc bien dang, lin: Dae biet, nguy hai hdn la su gia tang cua hien tUdng xam thuc bd bien va nUde bien lan sau vao cac sdng. D i n nay, nUdc bien da lan sau vao cao con sdng hdn 10 km nUa va hien tupng nude bien dang cung cao hdn 10 nam trudc tu 1 0 - 2 0 cm.
Cac hien tUdng thdi tiet, khf hiu cue doan tang len ca tan xuit vd mUc do: Cac tran bao d i n sdm
Tai nguyen va M6i tru-ong | Ky 1 - Thiing 2/2019 ]]
hdn va keo dai hdn, trudc day mua mUa bao thudng xult hien vao thang 9 - 1 1 . Thdi gian gin day, mua mua bao thudng den sdm hdn va keo dai hdn (tU thang 8- 12). cac ddt nang ndng gay gat va keo dai hdn so vdi nhiJfng nam trUdo. Nhiet dp toi cao tuydt doi tU 39 - 40 dp C, cd ndi len din tren 40 dp C. Gia tang nhUng ddt ret dam, ret hai keo dai nhU mua ddng xuan 2008 - 2009 vdi nhidt dp xuong thap nhat trong vdng 40 nam qua (khoang 7 dp C).
2. Thien tai, bl^n doi khi h$u vd nang lpc dng phd dSxa khao sit
NgUdi dan d 3 xa kh&o sat da cam nhan dupe ro rang cac hien tupng cue doan cd lidn quan den thdi tilt khi hau da xay ra tren dja ban trong nhDhg nam gan day so vdi 10-
15 nam trudc day, cu thi nhu:
95,4 % ngUdi dan cho rang sU phan chia, (quy luat) giijfa cac mua trong nam da thay doi khi ma mua he din mudn hdn va kit thuc mudn hdn, mua ddng din sdm hdn.
88,5% ngudi dan thay s i ngay ret dam ret hai (<9 dp C) nhilu hdn.
77,0% ngudi dan cho rang so ngay nang ndng (>38 dp C) nhieu hdn.
72,4% tha'y rang phan bd lUdng mua cd thay doi: Mua mua lUdng mUa nhieu hdn, vdi nhUng lUdng mua Idn trong thdi gian ngan, mua khd lUdng mUa ft hdn.
77,0% cho rang cd nhilu cdn bao hdn, mUc dp tan pha nghiem trong hdn.
85,0% cho rang lut xay ra thudng xuyen hdn.
75,8 % cho rang han han x^y ra nhieu hdn va nghiem trong hdn.
Trong cac hien tUpng thdi tilt cue doan da xay ra, ngudi dan d day quan tam nhilu nhat d i n bao vi bao xay ra de 1^1 nhUng thiet hai Idn ve nha CLfa, tai san va s&n xuat.
V l nang luc (kiln thUc, ky nang) lap k l hoach, to chUc triln khai cac hoat ddng phdng chong giam nhe thidn tai cDa Ban Phdng chong Lut bao xa, ddi eUu hd thdn, theo ket qua phdng vIn sau can bd xa/thon 6 3 xa va 6 thdn khao sat, thanh vidn cua Ban PCLB ChUa dUdc trang bi cac ky nang lap k l hoach phdng ngUa va giam nhe thien tai, ky nang sd cap cUu, cUu hd va cUu n^n va cac ky nang truyen thdng van ddng khac. H^ng nam, tinh/huyen cd to chUc tap huan cho Ban PCLB cac d p nhung chua day du va khdng dap Ung dUdc nhu cau thyc te d dja phUdng khi xay ra thidn tai.
TU mdt s i van de neu trdn cong vdi nhCfng bien ddng eua thdi tilt, khf hau da va dang cd tac ddng bat Idi dd'i vdi cupc sing va sinh ke eCia ngUdi dan, chfnh quyIn dia phuong, can bd cac d p va ngudi dan bay td mong muln dupe trang bj cac kiln thUc chung, ky nang v l phdng ngUa giam nhe TT-BDKH nham Ung phd kjp thdi va han c h l td'i da cac thidt hai v l ngudi, tai san trong ddi song cung nhu trong san xua't cho ngudi dan.
3. Nhu cau, mong muon cua ngUdi dan
D l phat trien sinh k l bin vCfng, thfch Ung vdi BDKH cung nhU phdng ching va Ung phd vdi cac loai hinh thidn tai djch benh ngUdi dan cd nhUng mong muon dupe hd trd:
Nang cao kiln thUc ky thuat trong san xuat; giam nhe rui ro thien tai va thich Ong v(s\ bien doi khi hau.
III. Ket luan va kien nghi Thach thUe Idn nhat cua ngudi dan ndi day khi BDKH ngay cang khd'c liet, gia ca vat tU tang cao, djch benh van thudng xay ra va &nh hudng Idn bdi thien tai va ID lyt.
Trong khi dd ngudi dan cdn thilu kien thUc, ky nang trong phdng tri!f djch benh, kha nang thfch Ung va doi phd vdi thien tai. Ben canh dd, ngudi dan cung eon dang gap
nhieu khd khan ve von d l u ta d^
khdi phuc san xult sau thidt hgi do lu lut. Do vay, bai bao cung ngu ra mot so kiln nghj de xuat sau:
Doi v& lo^i hinh san xuit lOa:
Md cac Idp phdng trU djch hgi ting hdp (IPM). ThCf nghiem bi&n phap canh tac Ida cai tiln tang hieu qua kinh te, giam ONMT, gi^m phat thai KNK tren di§n tich lua cay, chu ddng nude. Hd trp thanh lap nhdm trong lua (xa VUdng Lpe): Thilt lap vung s^n xu^t Xhii nghiem san xuit giong, trong gid'ng lua mdi, ap dyng phan hufu cd, giam phan hda hpc trong san xuat.
DOT VCS eae lo^hinh chin nudi:
DUa vao eae md hinh sSn xuat ndng nghiep thfch Ung vdi ID lyt va BDKH, nhu mo hinh chulng trai thieh Ung vdi ID lyt. Ho trp ngUdi dan xay dyng va triln khai cac sang kiln edng dong de gili quylt cac khd khan t i n tgi cCia chfnh cdng dong hp trong phat then san xuat.
Giam nhp rui ro thien tai va thieh Ung vdi BDKH: Nang cao nang luc cho can bd xa va ngudi dan, dae biet phu nO v l kiln thUc phdng ngUa va giam nhp thien tai, TT-BDKH. Ho trd ngadi dan va chinh quyIn d p thdn, xa ky nang lap k l hoach phdng ngUa.Tuyen truyen va hinh thanh thdi quen sing Chung vdi 10 qua sinh hoat nhdm lien gia, phat thanh xdm. H&
trp long ghep xay dUng k l hogch phat trien KTXH dja phUdng c6 tinh d i n y l u t l gi&m nh? rui ro thien tai va thich Ung vdi BDKH.
Tai lieu tham khSo 1. Bao cao cua Phdng Ndng nghidp huyen Can Ldc: DiSu kien tunhiin, KT-XH, thiin tai vi BDKH t$i tinh Hi TTnh.
2. Trung tam Phat triln Ndng thdn b i n vDng (SRD): Xie djnh nguSn lUc tu nhiin, tinh hinh phat triSn KT-XH dta huyen Can Lgc.»
12 Tai nguyen vd Moi tru'ong | Kyi-Thang 2/2019