KHOA HOC - CdNG NGHE .
Nghien cuu cac loai phu kien tren tuyen Cat Linh - Ha Ooni bang mo hinh dong luc hpc
I TS. TRl/ONG TRONG Vl/ONG - TrUdng Dqi hpc Giao thong van tdi
TOM TAT: 6 Viet Nam, giao thong do thi dang la mot trong nfiCrng van de thai sy nhat hi$n nay va chung ta dang trien kfiai, xay dung cac tuyen duong sat do thi Trong do, tuyen duong sat Cat Linh - Ha Dong la tuyen duong s§t do th| dau tien d Viet Nam duoc dua vao l<hai thac su dung. De danh gia cac loa' hinh phg kien tren tuyen Cat Linh - Ha Dong, tac gi^ sd dung phuong phap phan td huu han, thanh lap mo hinh dong luc hoc dau may - ket cau duong ray Dau may sd dung logi B cua Trung Quoc, ket qu^ cho ta thay Tii trong dong cda doan tau luon bien doi theo thdi gian t(s) va thay doi xung quanh tai trqng tTnh P^, Khi dp cung phu kien tang thi lye ddng Ion nhat tang va luc dong nh6 nhat gi^m nhung ty- so g i i m t i i luon nhd hon tn so cho phep, dieu do co nghTa la doan tau CO the chuyen dong an toan va d i m bao dp em thuan cua hanh khach di tau. Tuy nhien, trong nghien cuu t i c g i i chua xem xet het cac dieu ki$n thyc te Do do, tac gi^ kien nghi can theo nguyen t§c "lay du phong la chinh" de dam b i o tuyet doi an toan trong qua trinh van hinh khai thic TLf KHOA: Mo hinh ddng lye hoc, phu ki^n, ket cau duong ray.
ABSTRACT: In Vietnam, urban transportation is one of the most important problems nowadays, we are implementing and constructing urban railway lines. The Cat Linh-Ha Dong line is the first urban railway line in Vietnam put into use and operation In order to evaluate the types of accessories on the Cat Linh-Ha Dong line, the author used the Finite Element Method (FEM) and established locomotive-track dynamic models Using the Chinese B-type locomotive, the results show that The dynamic load of train always changes over time f(s) and changes around the dead load of P„ When the accessory stiffness increases, the maximum dynamic force increases and the minimum dynamic force decreases but the load reduction ratio is always smaller than the allowable value, which means that the train can run safely and ensure the passenger comfort. However, in the study, the author has not considered all the actual
conditions, Therefore, the author recommends following the principle of "priority to the prevention as main" to guarantee the absolute safety dunng operation.
KEYWORDS: Model dynamic, accessory, track structure.
I.DATVANOE
Dudng sat do thj la nen van minh hien dai va tien bp xa hpi trong ITnh vue GTVT, la mpt thanh tUu ky thuat Idn eua the gidi, nd ph^n anh trinh dp eong nghe va cong nghiep cua cae nude.DuPng sat do thi cd the van ehuyen mpt lupng Idn hanh khach trong thanh phd, giai quyet dupe eae van de nhu UTGT, 6 nhiem khong khi, an toan va thuan tien, rut ngan dang ke thdi gian, kinh te, ky thuat va nhieu Ipi the khae. Vi vay, hien nay dudng sat do thj dang duoc phat trien va thinh hanh d cae nUde phat trien tren the gidi nhU: Nhat Ban, DUc, Phap, IVly, Trung Qude, Singapore, Han qude... Be dam bao doan tau van hanh dn djnh, khdng trat banh, dam biio tuoi tho cao, duy tu bcio dudng it thi ket cau dudng sat kieu tam ban la loai hinh ket cau phii hpp va sU dung pho bien hien nay doi vdi dudng sat do thj. Cae Uu diem la ket cau dudng ray du cUPng dp, dn dmh, dan hoi, bien dang dutich luy nhd, gi^m thieu duy tu va dam bao dp em thuan cda hanh khach di tau tot.
d Viet Nam, giao thdng do thj dang la mdt trong nhdng van de thdi eupc bde xue nhat hien nay. Cac loai hinh phuang tien giao thong dang dupc sddung nhuxe may, o td con, taxi, xe buyt.. tdn tai nhieu nhupe diem nhu dien tieh ehiem dyng dudng Idn, lUu lupng van ehuyen thap va dac biet de gay un tae va P nhiem moi trudng tren dien rpng. Vi vay, Viet Nam dang trien khai xay dung mang ludi dUdng sat do thi d cac thanh pho Idn nhu Ha Noi vaTP. Ho Chi IVlinh.Trong do, tuyen dUPngs^t Cat Linh - Ha Ddng la tuyen dudng sat do thi dau tien 6 Viet Nam dUOc dUa vao khai thae sd dung (dU kien nam 2017). Ket eau tuyen dUdng sat Cat Linh - Ha Dong P khu gian la ket eau kieu tam ban, gom eo eae ta vet ngan chon vui trong tam ban do tai cho ngoai hien trudng tren ban mat eau, nhu Hinh 1.1 vd 1.2.
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KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE . So 05/2019
Hinh 1.1: Ketcau dudng tren doan chinh tuyen cd dd dSc >20%o
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Hinh 1.2: Ket cau dudng tren doan chinh tuyen ed dp doc <20%o Chieu dai toan tuyen dUdng la 13,021km, toan bo la tuyen dudng tren cao, tong cong bo trf 12 ga, toan tuyen bo tri 01 depot tai Ha Dong. Ban kinh dudng eong nho nhat eua tuyen chinh la 300m, dp ddc Idn nhat eua tuyen chinh la 23%o. Hmh 1.1 la ket cau dudng tren doan chinh tuyen ed dp doc >20%o, khoang each gida cac ta vet ngan la 0.595m, Hmh 1.2 la ket eau dUPng tren doan ehinh tuyen ed dp doe <20%o, khoang each gida cac ta vet n g i n ia 0.625m. Tam ban do tai cho ngoai hien trudng tren b^n mat cau ben dudi moi dUdng ray eo dang hinh chCr nhat ehieu rpng la 0.8m, ehieu dai 6.1m hoac 5.8m va gida cae tam ban bo tri eae khe ngang ed chieu rpng 0.15m [4].
Phu kien lien ket gida ray vPi ta vet sd dung cae loai:
Dang Pandroll, dang dan hoi DT,, DT,,, DT^^^, DT^,,, dang dan hdi DJK5.
Hinh 1.3: Phu kien lien ket kieu DT,
Hinh 1.4: Phu kidn lien ket kieu DT,,, Phu kien lien ket eua dudng s^t dd thj ndi ehung eo cac dac diem: LUc nen gid Idn, sd dung khoi cU ly dudng de dieu chinh eU ly, trude day la hinh bdn canh, lUpng dieu ehinh: +4, -8mm hoac hinh sau canh lupng dieu chinh: -i-8, -12mm, dieu chinh eao t h i p -5, -l-l 0mm. DUdi ray ed tam ban dem cao su long mang day 10mm, dUdi dem sat cd tam ehat deo day 8mm, dung de each dien la chCi yeu; dp cdng tTnh ddng 200 - 290 KN/cm, ngang 230 - 600 KN/cm. TUyeu eau tai trpng true va ddgiamehaneCia metro va LRT, thdng qua thi nghiem dUa ra duac dp cdng tTnh. Lien ket gida ray vdi ta vet sd dung dng bpc thep thu;i' tinh dupc chPn sin trong ta vet, bu-ldng dudng lap vao thao ra de dang, thuan tien.
2. NGUYEN LV CO BAN CUA P H A N MEM LS-DYNA De nghien edu tinh on djnh, an toan khdng trat banh, dam bao em thuan eua hanh khach trong qua trinh khai thac, tac gia sd dung phuong phap phan t d hdu han va hai phan mem ket hpp la phan mem ANSYS va LS-DYNA de thanh lap md hinh dpng lUc dau may toa xe - ket eau dudng ray, t d do eho ta dUOe gia tn Idn nhat, nho nhat cua tai trpng ddng, ehuyen vj cua ray, gia tde thang ddng eua dau may..., ddng thdi d^nh gia ket qua tinh toan va so sanh vdi cac tieu ehuan cua Trung Qude hien hanh.
Dua vao khoang each giUa cae phu kien de phan chia phan td, xet tai thdi diem (t) ta cd phuong trinh co bSn:
Ux{i) + Cx{t) + K x{t) - F(t) (1)
Trong dd:
M, C, K - Ma tran khoi lupng, ma tran he sd lUc can tdc dp, ma tran dp cdng.
x{{),x{x),x{x) - Gia toe, van toe, chuyen vj eda bien lupng tai thdi diem L F(t) ngoai lUe tac dung tai thdi diem t Phan mem lap trinh LS-DYNA [1] sd dung phuong phap sai phan toan hpe, tai budc thdi gian t h d t__ thi gia tde cua bien lupng dupc tinh bPi edng thdc'
ii(i„) = M-'[F(i„)-i:,„(t„)] (2) Trong do:
F(tJ, F^,(tJ - Ngoai lUc va npi lUe tai thdi diem t^.
Taibudethdigian thdt^ thi van tdc Vva chuyen v i U dupc tfnh bdi cdng thdc:
v ( U „ i ) = v(t,_„3) + 0.5a(tJ{AV, + A t J (3) u(V,) = i'(t„) + v(t,^,„XAt„) (4) Trong cdng thdc (3) va (4) thi bade thPi gian va thdi
gian b i t dau dupc dmh nghia:
A t „ _ | = t „ - t „ _ , , A t ^ = t „ ^ | - t ^ (5)
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KHOA HOC - CONG NGHE .
At„,|„=05(t^ + t„.,), A t „ „ , , =0.5{t^ + t„,,) (6) Gia sd bien dang cua bien lapng tai thdi diem ban dau la Xjj, thi tai thdi diem tiep theo se la:
Phan mem LS-DYNA se thdng qua sU thay doi eua bien dang dng vPi cac thdi diem khae nhau se eho ta dupe cae ket qua ve bien dang, ehuyen vi eua ket eau, gia toe cua dau may toa xe...
3. M 6 HiNH VA MOT SO TIEU C H U A N O O N G LUC HOC
3.1. Md hmh dpng life hoc
Tae gia da sddung phaong phap phan tdhUu han va phan mem LS-DYNA de thanh lap md hinh dpng lUe dau may toa xe - ket eau dUdng ray dng vdi eae dp cdng phu kien khac nhau va van tdc khac nhau. Dau may sd dung loai B cua Trung Quoc (loai dau may dung eho dudng sat do thi d Trung Qude), cd hai gia chuyen hudng, moi gia chuyen hudng cd hai true ed dinh. Cae tham so ve dau may nhu tai trpng true, cU ly gia ehuyen hudng, dp cdng Id xo tren, dp cdng IP xo dudi... duoc lay theo tri sd thuc te cua dau may (theo eae tn so tra edu). Cac bp phan ket cau tang tren: Sddung dUdng ray han lien P60, phu kien lien ket cd dp cdng thay doi va ta vet ngan..., eae tham sd cda chung duac lay theo ban thiet ke cho tuyen Cat Linh - Ha Dong [4], sau do sd dung nguyen \)/ don gian hda ta dupc md hinh ddng lUe nhu Hinh 3.1.
--h-
Hinh 3.7: Md hinh dong luc dau miy - kdt eau dudng ray Sd dyng phuong phap phan t d hdu han de mo phong md hinh ddng luc [5,6,7,8] dau may toa xe - ket eau dadng ray nhu sau:
- Than xe, gia chuyen hudng trude va sau, eae doi banh xe dUpc mo hinh hda thanh thuc the edng tuyet ddi;
- Chi xet ehuyen dpng toa xe theo phaong dpc ray, ma khong xet den do lac ngang, luc can gid, khdng khi...;
- Cac he thong giam xdc tren va dudi dupe mo hinh hda thanh dang Id xo;
- Quan he tuong tac gida banh xe va ray dupe md phdng thanh dang tUOng tae IP xo [5,6,7];
- Ray duoe mo hinh hoa thanh dang thanh ed cae kich thude tuong Ung vdi thue te;
- Phy kien lien ket dUOc mo hinh hoa thanh dang IP xo ed dp edng va khoang each tuong dng vdi thue te;
- Cac nhip eau duac dinh nghia taong dng vdi kich thude thue te, cac mo tru eau duac dinh nghia dUdi dang gdi eo dinh va goi di dong nhU Hmh 2.4.
Md hinh tren la mo hinh chi xet ehuyen dpng cua tau trong mat phang xoy, trong do dau may toa xe ehi
^ e t 17 bae t u do bao gom: Than xe va gia chuyen hudng B o m 3 bae t u do la chuyen vj theo phuong thang ddng
K4
vaed the quay theo true nam ngang,4 doi banh xechixet hai bae t u do la cd t h l dich chuyen theo phuong th^ng ddng. Nhu vay, ngoai trU chuyen djch theo phuong doe ray (hien nhien) eua toa xe vdi van tdc V thi khdng xetd^n cac djeh chuyen khac {deu birang bupc), vay tong sdbSc t u do cda toa xe la: 3x3-1-4x2=17 bae tU do.
3.2. Mot so tieu chuan dpng iuTc hoc
*Ty so gidm tdi
Ty so giam t^i eda tai trpng banh dudng sit duoc dinh nghTa theo eong thdc {8}:
AP p -P
" - f - ^ ^ " (8)
Trong cong thdc tren thi P^ la tSi trong tTnh, P 1^
tai trong ddng nhd nhat. De dam bao an toan ehay tau trong qua trinh khai thac thi banh xe phai luon ludn tiep xue tot vdi ray. Td cdng thde tren ta thay ring, khi P =0 thi T) = 1 toa xe d trang thai can bang gidi han va cd the xay ra hien tUOng trat banh, gay mat an toan chay tau.
Do do, de d i m bao dieu kien an toan, theo quy trinh eua Nhat Ban va Trung Quoc thl ty so giam tai khong dupc vUptqua0.8[3,9].
* Gia toe thang ddng vd gia tdc ngang De dam bao dieu kien em thuan cua hanh khach di tau thi:
Gia tdc thang ddng a, < 0.13.g ~ 1.3m/s' (xet khi doan tau ehuyen dpng d tren dudng t h i n g va dudng eong, gia toe ehu yeu do cac bd phan xdc lae ciJa dau may toa xe gay ra) [3,6].
Gia tdc nam ngang a^ < 0.5m/s' {chi xet khi doan tau chuyen dpng d trong dudng cong) [2,9].
* Chuyen vi thang ddng cua ray
Neu ehuyen vj t h i n g ddng cua ray qua Idn thi edanh hudng khong nho den qua trinh chay tau, ngoai ra degay ra bien dang cho cae bp phan khae lam giam tuoi tho ket eau va tang khoi luong duy tu bao duPng dUdng. Do do, theo quy trinh dudng sat Trung Qude quy djnh, chuyen vi dpng t h i n g ddng eua ray khi doan tau ehuyen dpng qua khong dupc vupt qua 3.0mm.
4.K^TQUATJNHT0AN
TU md hinh dpng lue hpe dau may - ket eau dudng ray nhu da lap trinh d tren thi phan mem LS-DYNA cho ta dupc tai trong dpng va quy luat bien ddi no dng vdi van tde V ^ 40 km/h va dp cdng thay doi t d k = 20 kN/mm - 60 kN/mm, nhucac hinh dUPi day:
• # # H # * W ' * > ^
Ihagan Hinh 4.1: Tii trpng dpng thing dung
ling vdi dp aing k=20 KN/mm
KHOA HOC - CdNG N G H | .
So 05/2019
Thoi gian Hinh 4.2: Tii trpng ddng thang dung
ling vdi dp cdng k = 40 KN/mm
Hinh 4.3: Tii trong ddng thing dung ling vdi dp edng k = 60 KN/mm Td cac hinh ve tren ta t h % rang quy luat bien doi tai trong ddng eua doan tau theo thdi gian t{s) ed dang ham dieu hda.Tai trpng ddng cua doan tau luPn bien doi theo thdi gian t{s) va thay doi xung quanh tTnh t i i trgng tTnh Pg. Ddng thdi, khi do cdng cang Idn thi bien dp dao dpng eua tai trpng dpng cang Idn, khi do cdng nhd thl bien dd dao dpng eua tai trong dong nhd, dieu dd cho thay rang tai trpng dpng phy thupc rat Idn den do cdng k. Gia tri Idn nhat cua tai trpng dong dung de kiem toan ve mat cudng dp eua eae bo phan ket cau tang tren tuyen dudng, eon gia tri nhd nhat cua tai trong dpng de xem xet an toan chuyen dpng eua doan tau thong qua ty so giam tai (he so thoat tai) eua tai trpng banh dudng sit duac dinh nghTa theo cdng thdc:
1 = A/' P.-P....
Pi,
<0,6
Trong eong thdc tren thi P^ la tai trong tTnh, P^^^ la tai trong ddng nhd nhat. De dam b i o an toan ehay tau trong qua trinh khai thae thl banh xe phai luon ludn tiep xue tot vdi ray. Do do, de dam bao dieu kien an toan, dong thdi xem xet den he sd vuot t i i , lech tai thi theo quy trinh eua eae nadc, trong trUdng hpp bat Ipi ty sd giam t i i khdng dupe vupt qua 0.6 [3,9].
59,5 58.2 52,5
47.5
c=528mm c=540mm c=600mm c^675rnm Hinh 4.4: Luc ddng nhd nhat ung vdi V = 60 km/h
c=528mm c=540mm c=600mm c^75mm Hinh 4.5: Lue ddng nhd nhat ung vdi V = 80 km/h Hmh 4.4,4.5 the hien gia tri lUc dpng nhd nhat dng vdi cae van tdc khae nhau va do cdng khae nhau. Gia tn luc dpng nho nhat cang nho thl cang bat Ipi, ed the gay mat an toan chay tau. Bieu do dang cpt de thl'y ro sU thay doi eua tai trgng dng vdi eae tde dp khac nhau va Ung vdi eae dp cdng khae nhau. Td Hinh 4.4, 4.5 eho ta thay rang, khi k=20 KN/mm va k=40 KN/mm thl lUe dpng t h i n g dUng thay ddi rat it k h o a n g - 0 1 kN, con khi ktang den 60 KN/mm trP l§n thi luc dong t h i n g ddng thay doi Idn, dieu do chdng tP k nen nho hon 60 KN/mm doi vdi dudng sat do thj.
5. KET LUAN
Tac gia da sddung phuong phap phan t d hdu han va phan mem chuyen dung de thanh lap mo hinh dpng lUc dau may toa xe - ket cau dudng ray cho mpt doan dudng t h i n g tuyen Cat Linh - Ha Ddng. Dau may sd dung loai B eua Trung Quoc (loai dau may dung cho dUdng s i t do thj PTrung Quoc), ket q u i cho ta thl'y:
- Til trpng dpng eua doan tau luon bien ddi theo thdi gian t{s} va thay doi xung quanh t i i trpng tTnh P^, trj sd CLia ty sd giam t i i nho hon nhieu so vdi gia tri eho phep khi dp cdng thay doi. Dieu do cd nghTa la vdi eae loai phu kien tren thi doan tau ed the chuyen dpng an toan trong qua trinh khai thac.
- Nghien edu ehi ra r i n g dp cdng phu kien theo
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KHOA HOC - CONG N G H l _
phuong t h i n g ddng eua dudng sat do thi nen nho hOn 60 KN/mm.
-Tuy nhien, trong nghien edu cdn mpt sd tham sd gia dinh va tac gia ehua xem xet het eae dieu kien thUe te, thudng xuyen chju t i e dpng eua moi trUPng. Do dd, tae g i i kien nghi can theo nguyen t i c "lay dU phdng la ehinh, eoi trpng sda ehda lan bao dudng"de d i m bao tuyet ddi an toan trong qua trinh van hanh, khai thac.
Tai lieu tham khao
[1]. JOHNO Hallquist (2006), LS^DANA" theory manual, USA- Livermore Software Technology Livermore (bin tieng Anh}.
[2]. TrUOng Trpng Vuong (2019), Ddnh gid cdc loai phu kien tren tuyen dudng sdt do thi Cdt Linh - Hd Dong bang md hinh dpng lUc hoc, De tai cap TrUdng.
[3]. Tieu chuan dpng lUc hpc cua dudng sat Trung Qu6c95J0l-L.
[4]. Bdn thiet kecua tuyen Cdt Linh - Hd Ddng.
[5], Liu Xue yi, Wang ping (2010), Cheliang-guidao- lujixitong dong lixue, NXB. Dai hpc Giao thdng Tly Nam Trung Qude (ban tieng Trung).
[6]. TrUOng Trpng Vuong (2015), Mpt so ddc tfnh ddng luc hpc cda duPng sdt cao toe kieu tdm bdn loqi I vd cdc benh hqi cua nd, Luan an Tien sy (bin tieng Trung).
[7]. Truong Trpng VUOng, Liu Xue yi {2014j, Phdn tich duPng khdng bdng phdng cua ket cau dudng sdt cao tdc kieu tdm bdn, bai bao quoc te El (bin tieng Trung + tieng Anh).
[8]. Vuong Ky XUOng {1999}, Cdng trinh dUdng sdt, NXB. Dai hpc Giao thPng Tay Nam Trung Quoc (ban tieng Trung).
[9]. Dich Tu Dung (2009), Cdng trinh dUdng sat, tap II, NXB. Dudng sat Trung Quoc - Bic Kinh (ban tieng Trung}.
Ng^y nhin bai: 4/4/2019 Ngay chap nhan dang: 14/4/2019 Ngudi phSn bien: TS. Le Cong Thanh
TS. Tran Quoc Dat
