Hoi thao khoa hpc - Hop tac QuAc t£ trong di6u tra. nghien cuu tai nguyfin va m6i trudng bi£n
NGHIEN CUU THANH PHAN LIPIT, AXIT BEO CUA MOT S 6 LOAI HAI SAM, CAU GAI VA SAO BIEN THUQC VUNG BIEN V I 6 T NAM
Trinh Thi Thu Huong'*. Nguyen Thj Thu', Chu Quans Truy^n', Doan Lan Phmmg', Cam Thj Inh', Le x l t Thanh', Dang Thj PhiroTig Ly', Pham Minh Quan', Nguyin Van Son', Pham Qu6c Long', Imbs A.B^
/. Vien Hod hpc cdc Hop chdt thien nhien, Vi?n KH&CNVN IS-Hoang QuSc Viet, Hd noi 2. A. V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far East Division, Russian
Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690059 Russia
LIPID CONTENT AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SOME VIETNAMESE HOLOTHURIAN, SEA URCHIN AND STARFISH
SPECIES Abstract:
Lipid and fatty acid composition of some Vietnamese Hololhurian sea urchin and starfish species were investigated. The results showed that the studied species of Hololhurian, sea urchin and starfish were rich in polyunsaturated of fatly acids PUFAs, especially the fatty acids of the omega3 and omegad family which are used in food, medical and pharmaceutical sectors, such as C20:4 (n-6) AA, C20:5(n-3) EPA, C22:6 (n- 3) DHA.
I. MO DAU
Sao bien, Hai sam, Ciu gai la nhiitig loai ddng vat khdng xuang sdng, thudc nganh Da gai - Echinodemata. Trong y hpc cd truygn, chiing diu dugc xem nhu la nhctng loai thudc qui: Hai sam dugc xem nhu mpt lo?i thudc bd than, bd am, trang duong ich tinh, nhuan tao, chDra Ij, chira viem phg quau, thin kinh suy nhirgc, cim mau. Thanh phin lipit cua Hai sam con cd tac dung chiia xa v&a dpng mach, hen suyln... c i u gai la mgt loai thirc pham giau dinh dudng. Vd Ciu gai cd tac dung chira met mdi, dau nhirc, giai nhiet, chdng vigm [1,3]. 0 nude ta cd nhilu loai va cDng dugc dupe dan gian sir dyng nhu vj thudc bd dudng ca thi tir liu ddi. Sao bien, theo thdng ke hien nay, trgn thi gidi cd khoang 1700 loai khac nhau. Tuy nhien, mdi chi cd khoang 80 loai dupe nghign cim ve thanh phan hda hpc cung nhu boat tinh sinh hgc.
Tilp tuc nhOng nghign cim ve cac sinh v?t bien thudc nganh Da gai, trong bai bao nay chiing tdi trinh bay cac kgt qua v l ham lugng lipit va thanh phin cac axit beo cua mpt sd mlu Hai sam, Ciu gai va Sao bien thu thap dugc d mdt sd viing biln Viet Nam trong nhung nam gin day.
Trjnh Thj Thu Huong 313
Workshop -InternationalCoogrationon Investigation and Research of Marine Naluial Resource and Environmenfl^
II. NGUYEN LIEU VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CCtJ 1. Nguyen lieu
Nguyen ligu nghien ciru gdm 6 mlu Hai sam 4 mlu C l u gai, 4 mlu triimg CSi sai v l 8 mlu Sao biln duac thu thap tai viing bien Quang Ninh, Hat Phdng, Nhs Trang vao thang 04-05/2008; 07/2009 va thang 04/2010 va cic chuygn khao sai trgn tau "Akademik Oparine" d viing bien Vigt Nam. Mau dugc TS. Dd Conj Thung Vien tai nguygn mdi trudng bign Hai Phong giam dinh ten loJi va luu gio tigu ban. Danh sach mlu sinh vat biln va dja diem thu th?p mau dugc trinh b4) tren bang 1.
Bang 1: Danh sach ten, dja dilm vi thdi gian thu thSp mlu STT
1.
2.
3.
4.
3.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11 12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21, 22.
K/hi^u mau HSOl HS02 HS03 HS04 HS05 HS06 CGOl TCGOI CO02 TCG02 CG03 TCG03 CG04 TCG04 SBOI SB02 SB03 SB04 SB05 SB06 SB07 SliOS
Ten mill nghi£n ctru Hai Sam den Hai Sam uang Hai Sam trang Hai sSm nSu Hai sam vu tlai Sam da Iran Cau gai nau Trung CG nau Cau gai den Tnjng CG den C3u gai trang Trung CG trang Cau gai den Tnjng CG den Sao bien xanh canh dai
Sao bien do Sao bien do Sao bien xim nho Sao bien xanh cSnh dai
Sao bien do canh day Sao bien canh day Sao bien canh day to
T£n khoa hQC tiolothuria martensii Semper
Holothurian scabra Hololhurian scabra Actynopyga echintes Microlhele nobilis Botradschia argus Prinpneustes gralilla Prinpneusles gratilla Diadema selosum Diadema setosum Tonopneustes pileolus Tonopnensles pileolus Echinothrtc calamaris Echinolhrix calamaris Linckia larvigala Culcila novaegumeae Culcita novaegumeae Archasler typicus Linckia larvigala Proloraesler nodosus Anthenae pentaganala Aslerope carinifera
Dja dl^m, thfri eian'^hli-lnlii
Quang Miiih 04/2010 Quailg Ninh
04/2010 'J.
Quang Ninh 07/2009 Hai Ph6ng
04/2008 Hai Phdng . 04/2008 Nha Trang 05/2008 Nha Trang 04-05/2010 Nha Trang 04-05/2010 Quang Ninh 07/2009 Hai Phong
07/2009 Quang Ninh
04/2010 Quang Ninh
04/2010 Quang Ninh
07/2009 Quang Ninh
07/2009 Hai Ph6ng
07/2009 Hai Ph6ng j
07/2009 J Nha Trang 1 5/2008 J Quang Ninh 1
4/2008 _ J
H^i thao khoa hoc - Hop tic Qu6c It trong di6u tra, nghien ctru tai nguygn va m6i tnrong biln 2. Phuong phap nghien ciru
Lipit tdng dugc chilt theo phuang phap cua E.G Bligh & W.J Dyer (1959) [4].
Dg xac djnh thanh phin cac axit beo, cac djch lipit tdng dugc chuyin hda thanh cac metyl este (FAME) bang phan (jmg vdi dung djch CHjONa trong metanol khan theo phuang phap Carreau va Debacq. Cac FAME thu dugc dem phan tich trgn may sic ky khi Finnigan TnaceGC ultra SPB-5 cgt mao quan SE (30 m x 0,25 mm X 0,25nm), diu dd FID, khi mang Nj. Tinh dg dai mach cacbon cua phan tir axit ^ bgo sijr dung bang LED (Equivalent chain - lengths of methyl ester derivatives of fatty acids on Gas Chromatography), so sinh vdi he chit chuin theo phuang phap
ciia Christe [5,6].
III. K t T QUA VA THAO LUAN 1. Ham lugng lipit tong
Kit qua vl ham lugng lipit tdng sd cd trong 6 mlu Hai sam va 8 miu Ciu gai dugc trinh bay trong bang 2. Kit qua cho thiy, ham lugng lipit tdng cua cac mlu Hai sam dao dOng trong khoang 0,27-0,52% so vdi trpng lugng tuai. Dii vdi Ciu gai, ham lugng lipit tdng sd dao ddn§ trong khoang 0,63 - 1,02% so vdi trpng lugng tuai. Dac bigt, cac mlu trung Ciu gai cho ham lugng lipit tdng rit cao, tir 8,58 din 9,97 %. Ham lugng lipit tdng cd trong cic mlu Sao biln la 0,75 % - 2,54%. Cac kit qua nay cung phii hgp vdi kit qua nghign cilu da dugc cdng bd cua nhdm nghien cuu Pham Qudc Long va cs nam 2003 [2].
Bang 2: Ham lugng lipit trong cac mlu nghign cau STT
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 II
Ki hieu mSu HSOl HS02 HS03 HS04 HS05 HS06 CGOl TCGOl CG02 TCG02 CG03
Him luvng lipit tong (% trgng lu-Q'ng tiro'i)
0.27 0.29 0.52 0.36 0.34 0,33 0,67 9.24 0.78 8.S8 0.63
STT 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Ki hi|u mau TCG03 CG04 TCG04 SBOI SB02 SB03 SB04 SB05 SB06 SB07 SB08
Ham lirg'ng lipit ting (% trong l u ^ g tirtri)
9.32 1.02 9.97 2,32 1,59 1,67 0,73 2,54 1,85 1,12 1,53 2. Thanh phan axit bio
Kit qua phSn tich thanh phan va ham lugng axit beo cd trong lipit tdng cua 6 loai Hai sam, 4 loai Ciu gai, 4 mlu trimg Ciu gai va 8 mlu Sao biln dugc trinh bay trgn bang 3 va 4. (3 Hai sam, cac axit beo C16:0, CI6:l(n-7), C18:0, C18:4n-3,
Trjnh Thj Thu Huong 315
^^^^^j^CssBSSm^B^SiiS^S^^S^ "'•"'"'' °'''^"'"' "'"^ Resource and Environment-, r7n-7n 6 C20-4 (n-6) C20:5(n-3) chilm ham lugng cao. 6 Cku gai giau cac axit bto C?^0 c l e V C18:0, C20:l(n-9), C20:5n-3 EPA. Trong khi dd, d Sao bign 1,1 gf^u cac axit beo C16:0, C20:4n-3, C20:4 (n-6), C20:l(n-9).
Trong thanh phin axit beo cua ca 2 loai Hai Sam va Ciu gaj dugc nghign cim, cac axit beo khdng no chilm ham lugng kha cao, tu 54,6 % den 67,46 % dot va, Hai sam 36 76 - 56 76 % ddi vdi Cau gai. Trong khi dd, ham lugng cac axit bgo no chi chilm 1/3 luong axit beo tdng. 6 Sao bign, ham lugng axit beo khdng no cao nhit trong 3 ddi tupng dugc nghign cim, chigm 55.05 % - 75.75 %. Ham lugng cac axit beo no thip hon so vdi Hai sam va Cau gai, chi dat 14.52 - 35.17 A.
Trong thanh phin ciia axit beo khdng no ciia cac loai Hai Sam, Cau gai va Sao biln dupe nghign cim chira chu ylu la cac axit beo khong no da noi ddi vdi dO dai mach.cacbon tir 18 22 (C18:4n-3, C18:3, C18:2n-6, C20:2n-6, C20:3n-6, C20:5(n-3). C22:3n-3, C22:5n-3, C22:6 (n-3), dac biet la sir cd mat cac axit beo khdng no tliugc hg (o-3, a-6. Day la cac axit beo cd ho?t tinh sinhhpc cap rit dugc quan tam bdi chiing dugc cac nha khoa hgc d nhilu nude tren thi gidi khang djnh vl kha nang img dung cao cua chung trong cac nganh th^rc phim, y, dugc hpc.
Ham lirgng cac axit beo hp (o-3 so vdi cac axit beo hp (i)-6 d Hai sam khdng c6 sir chgnh lech dang kl: d loai Hololhuria martensii 25,21/24,54; Hololhurian scabra 27.82/30.75; Actynopyga echintes 20.76/21.37; Botradschiia argus 21.57/18.98. d Sao biln, ham lugng (o-3/io-6 cung tuong tir nhu a Hai sam, khdng cd sir chgnh lech dang kl: Linckia larvigala 19.19/24.77; Culcita novaeguineae (SB02) 17.22/20.09; Culcila novaeguineae (SB03) 18.76/25.07; Archasler typicus 27.17/15.57; Linckia larvigala 24.72/22.04; Proloraesler nodosus 15.55/15.61;
Anthenae pentaganala 18.40/15.99; Aslerope carinifera 18.91/15.54. Trong khi dd, d c i u gai ty le cac axit beo thudc hg io-3/(i)-6 rit khac nhau tiiy vao dja digm thu mlu va nd dac trung cho timg loai. Hai miu thu thap d viing biln Nha Trang la loai Prinpneusles gratilla va Diadema selosum cd ty le co-3/io-6 tuong img lan lugt la 32,72/1,85; 17,406/9,71. Ddi vdi 2 mlu thu thap d Quang Ninh va Hai Phdng, ket qua phan tich cho thiy, ham lugng cac axit beo thudc hp (D-3 chi bang mgt nira so vdi ham lugng cac axit beo thudc hp 0)-6 (Tonopneustes pileolus 7,12/15,06;
Echinolhrix calamaris 6,79/15,85).
Bang 3: Thanh phan axit beo c6 ,Mau
C14:0 C15;0 CI6:0 CI6:l(n-7) CI7:0 C18:0 C18-4n-3 CI8:3 • C18:2n-6-c Linoleic CI8:ln-7
HSOl 3.517 0.797 18.243 7,051 9,115
.
6,8 5,286
.
HS02 0,792 0,782 14,91 7,064 5,385
.
6,042 1,491 5,014
trong 06 m I1S03
3,83 0,93 15,29
5,04 0,21 9,21 7,8
. .
5,56
iu Hai sSm I1S04
1,92 15,42
.
5,23 10,54
.
. .
5,05
_
HS05 3,14 1,16 16.98 6.35 10.4
.
6.01 0.86
-
4.12 IIS06
3,56 1,41
| _ a 8 8 _ 5.02 _M1__
_9Ai_
6,12 _ 0 J 5 _
0 7 7 _
^ j g j
,
HQi thio khoa bgc • Hgp tic Qu6c tfi trong difiu tra, nghien ciru tii nguyen va moi tniong bi6n MSU
C19:0 C20;l(n-9) C20:2n-6 C20:3n-6 C20:4 (n-6) AA C20:5(n;3) EPA 020:0 C2I:0 C22:3n-3 C22:5n-3 C22:6 (n-3) DHA Ting SFAs lIFAs PUFAs n-3 n-6
HSOl 2 7 14.968
-
9.574 6.273
- -
5.448 6.693 96.47
-
34,37 62,1 49,76 25,21 24,54
HS02 2.7 11.97
-
4.539 9.753 9.198
- -
7.137 5.439 92.21 24,57 67,46 55.57 27.82 30.75
HS03 4.7
-
. .
15.51 12.61 2.54 2.54 5.07
. -
90.84 32,01 58,83 40.99 25.48 15,51
HS04 4.28
-
12.05 5.8 3.52 14.24 3.52 6.52
- . .
88.09 31,4 56,69 42.13 20.76 21.37
HS05 3.3
10.13 4.96
.
14.02 1.65 2.77
. .
85.85
-
30,33 55,52 35.98 20.03 15.95
HS06 0.59 4.33 10.15 7.51
-
13.44 2.8 2.08
- .
2.01 87.66 30,06 54,6 40.55 21.57 18.98
B^ng 4: Th^h phSn axit bdo c6 trong mlu Cau gai
MSU
CI4:0 C15:0 CI5;ln-5 CI 6:0 CI6:l(n-7) C17:0 C18:0 C18:ln-9 C18:ln-7 C18:2(n-6) C18:3n-6 C18:5n-3 CI9,0 C20,2 C20:l(n-9) C20:3 (n-6) C20:4 (n-6) C20:4n-3 C20:5n-3 C22:6(n-3) Tong SFAs UFAs PUFAs n-3 n-6
CGOl 3,968 1.547
-
35.24 4.708 8.616
-
4.299
- - -
10.44
- -
1.848 18,562 3,719 92,946
.
47,824 45,21 34,57 32,72 1,85
TCGOl 6,22 1.54 15.23
.
7.12 2.15 4.35 733
.
1.92
. -
0.66 6.3 13.24
.
9.31 8.18 3.36 86,91 30,15 56,76 29,07 20,85 8,22
CG02 14133 1.026
-
39.258 7.496 5.103
-
1.126 1.952
.
3.952 12.18 1795
. -
3.804 2,339 2,887 97,051
.
60,289 36,76 27,11 17,406 9,71
TCG02 8.25 2.13 17.4
-
6.34 1.66 5.31 6.55 2.3
- . .
0.56 6.34 12.31 7.83
.
8.1
.
3.14 88,22 35,31 52,91 27,71 11,24 16,47
CG03 16.32
- .
17.02 7.25 2.15
-
7.61
- - . -
8.69
.
10.32 6.37
-
7,12
-
82,85
-
35,49 4732 22,18 7,12 15,06
TCG03 7.88 1.92 16.23
.
6.64 1.51 5.25 9.75
• -
1.86
. -
0.37 5.15 11.72
8.25
-
8.41
-
2.67 87,61 33,16 54,45 26,34 11,08 15,26
CG04 19.42
- .
15.97 7.02 2.35
-
8.59
- - -
9.13
-
11.94 6.72
-
- "
6.79 87,93
-
37,74 50,19 22,64 6,79 15,85
TCG 04 8.67
1.8 18.82
-
6.64 1.11 4.76 10.54 1.73
- - -
0.45 4.76 12.25 8.18
-
7.83
-
2.51 90,05 35,61 54,44 25,01 1034 14,67
Trjnh Thj Thu Huong 317
Wortshop: "Intetnauonal Coopeiation on Diveaigalion and Research of Marine Naniral Resouice and Environmim^
Bang 5: ThJnh phin axit bgo c6 trong mlu Sao biln
CI 4:0 C15:0 C 1 5 : l n - 5 C16:l(n-7) C16:0 C17:0 C18:3(n-6) C18:2n-6-l CI8:2n-6-c C18:l(n-9) C I 8 : l ( n - 7 ) CI8:0 C19:0 C20:2 C20:3n-6- C20:4n-3 C20:4 (n-6) C20:5(n-3) C20:5n-6 C20:2n-6 C20:l(n-9) C20:ln-7 C20:0 C22:6n-3 C22:5n-3 C22:0 C24:0 TSng SFAs lIFAs PUFAs 10-3 aj-6
SBOI 1,45
0,13 0,23 10,76
- -
5,77 0,08 19,04
-
1,45 1,92
-
10,91 11,87 7,32
-
8,01 12.57
.- . . - . - .
91.52 15.58 75.75 43.96 19.19 24.77
SB02 0.98 2.54
-
5.99 10.08
-
11.33
- -
18,11 2,44 1,02 8,76
-
10.88 6.34
-
0.01 10.08
-
5.63
- . - .
9416
.
14.52 79.65 37.31 17.22 20.09
S B 0 3 2.22 0.37 1.17 3.61 13.81 0.22
- -
0.78 6.45
-
4.57 1.08 0.63
-
6.14 11.36 10.83 12.30
-
8.52
, - -
0.75 1.04
- .
85.85 22.27 63.58 43.83 18.76 25.07
SB04 1.59 0.64 1.94 1.32 11.30
1.42 0.93
-
1.59 2.50 6.36 8.85 0.84
- -
13.48 4.42 8.54 8.63
-
9.73
- -
3.09 2.07
-
2.79 92.02 27.44 64.58 42.74 27.17 15.57
SB05 2.01 1.46 0.27 2.32
-
•
4.94 1.86 5.05
-
6.27
-
3.72 6.12 14.23
-
9.12 10.49
- -
M . 1 6 1.63
- - - . .
83.65 23.53 66.24 46.76 24.72 22.04
S B 0 6 1.39 2.62 2.24 2.87 8.88 2.67
- -
8.89
-
7.78
-
3.61 5.46 10.05
-
10.15 5.5
- -
14.65
" - - .
5.43
- .
92.19 32.38 59.71 31.16 15.55 15.61
S B 0 7 1.22 1.78
- -
10.68 1.97
- -
•
9.52 7.33
-
3.21 4.76 12.78
-
11.23 5.62
- -
12.10
- - - -
4.22 86.42
.
35.17 55.01 34.39 18.40 15.99
""SMT]
~i3r uT
TMT
10.70
6,83 371 5,32
14,02 10,22 4,89
11,77
82,77 31.17 56.92 34.45 18.91 15.54
Cac axit bgo da ndi ddi thudng thiy nhit trong hp axit bgo o)-3, 0)-6 c6 trong Hai sam va Sao biln la cac AA va EPA vdi ham lugng kha cao, EPA dat 14,24 % * loai Actynopyga echintes, AA djt 11.36 % d loai Culcila novaeguineae (SB03). C)' c i u gai, cac axit beo thilt ylu la AA va EPA cung rit phd biln. Tuy nhign, lita lugng ciia cac axit beo nay khdng cao so vdi sir cd mjt cOa chdng d mlu Hai sSm;
EPA cao nhit chi la 7,12% d loai Tonopneustes pileolus.
Trong 6 mlu Hai sam nghien ciru chi cd duy nhit mpt miu cd mjt DHA U Botradschia argus vdi ham lugng 2,1 %. CI 8 mlu Sao biln cd 2 miu chila DHAji Culcila novaeguineae (SB03) 0.75 %, Archasler typicus 3.09 %. Con d 4 rfu trimg Cau gai Prinpneustes gratilla, Tonopneustes pileolus, Diadema setoswn.
Echinolhrix calamaris diu cd mat DHA vdi ham luang tuang img la 3.36 %, 3.14
%, 2.67 %va 2.51%.
H6i thao khoa hoc - Hgp t^c Qu6c te trone d'fi" tra. nghiSn cihi tai nguyfen \k mfli tnrfmg bifin
IV. KET LUAN
Da tiln hanh nghien cuu ham lugng lipit va thanh phin axit bgo cua 6 mlu Hai sam, 4 mlu Ciu gai, 4 miu trimg Ciu gai va 8 mlu Sao biln thu dugc d viing biln Vi|t Nam. Kit qua cho thiy, ham lugng lipit tdng cua cac mlu Hai sam, Ciu gai, Sao biln lin lugt la 0,27-0,52»/o; 0,63 - 1,02%; 0,75 % - 2,54% so vdi trgng lugng tuai. Ddi vdi cac mlu triing Ciu gai ham lugng lipit tdng rit cao, tir 8,58 din 9,97
%.
Trong thanh phin lipit tdng cua cac mlu nghign cuu rit giau ham lugng cac axit beo khdng no da ndi ddi PUFAs, djc biet la cac axit beo cd boat tinh sinh hojc cao hp (i)-3, o)-6. d cac mlu Hai sam, Ciu gai, Sao biln cac axit beo thilt ylu la C20:4 (n-6) (AA) va C20:5(n-3) (EPA) rit phd bign. Ngoai ra, d cac mlu trimg ciu gai va 2 mau Sao bien Culcila novaeguineae (SB03), Archasler typicus cdn cd m$t axit beo C22:6 (n-3) (DHA).
L&i cam an:
Cong trinh duac thuc hien vdi sit tdi trp kinh phi cua liiu Du an sd 1/19/47:
"Hap lac Viet nam - CHLB Nga ve diiu tra khdo sdl nguon hoql chdt vd da dang sinh hoc bien Viet Nam ".
TAI lA%\i THAM KHAO
1. Do Bich Huy, DSng Quang Triing, Bill Xuan Chuong, Nguyin Thugng Dong, D 8 Trung Dam, Pham Van Hign, Vu Nggc L6, Pham Huy Mai, Pham Kim M5n, Doin Thi Nhung, Nguygn Tap, Trin Toan (2004), Cay ihudc va dpng vol lam thudc a Viet Nam, tap l,tr, 1127-1128, NXB KHKT,
2. Ph?m Qu6c Long, Doan Lan Phuong, Cim Thj inh, Chu Quang Truygn, Trjnh Thi Thu Huong (2004), "Nghien cdu thanh phin lipit, axit beo va hoat tinh sinh hoc cac miu sinh vat biln nganh Da gai (Echinodermata) Hai sam, Sao biln, Ciu gai", Tgp chi Khoa hoc DHQG Ha noi, KHTN & CN, T. XX, No 4, tr. 11-18.
3. Truong Kinh Phong va NNK (1963), flpng v(it chi Trung Quoc, Nganh dong vgl Da gai. NXB khoa hoc.
4. Bligh E. G., Dyer W. J., Arapid method of total lipid extraction and purification Canadian Journal of Biochemistry Physiology, The national research council of Canada. 1959.Carreau J. P., Dubacq J.P, Adaptation of macro-scale method Jo the micro-scale for fatty acid methyl transesterification of biological lipid extracts. Journal of chromatography 151 (1978) 384 -390.
5. Christie W.W., Equivalan chain lengths of methyl ester derivatives of fatty acid on gas chromatography 447 (1988) 305 - 314.
Trinh Thi Thu Huong
