Nghien cuu nhan to anh huong den phat trien he thdng phan phoi hang nong san vung kinh te
VQ Thi Klin Thanh Dai hoc Kinh te Ky thuai Cong nghi6p
Ddi vdi hang ndng sin vflng kinh te Vidt Nam, he thdng phin phdi hidn nay gdm qui nhilu khiu tmng giam, diiu dd tic dpng tryc tiep din gia ban sin phim, lim cho sflc canh tianh efla hing ndng s i n vung kinh t l giim xud'ng. Do dd, d l giim bdt nhiing tmng gian khdng can thilt, d l lim cho hd thdng phin phdi hang ndng sin vung kinh t l ngiy cing hieu qui, can thilt phii nghien eiiu mpt each bai ban nhung nhin td anh hudng din phit tridn hd thd'ng phan phdi hing ndng san vflng kinh ll.
1. Nhan to quocte
- Kinh t l the gidi va khu vyc tang trudng nhanh hay chim, igm phit cao hay thip, sy thay doi cfla ty gii.., se tic dOng ddn eung, cau, gii c i hang ndng san tren thi trudng thd gioi vi vdi mue dd md cfla cao nhu Vidt Nam nd se cd tie ddng true tidp ddn gia ea vi hoat dgng phan phdi hang ndng san.
- Thuong mai the gidi ddi vdi hing ndng sin tang nhanh hay chim, ehiu chi phdi bdi hing rio thue quan va phi thud quan d eie mfle do khac nhau se tic ddng din Hnh hinh xuat nhap khau hang ndng san, ddng thdi se inh hudng din hoat ddng thuong mai trong vung. Mat khac, vdi su xuit hidn efla cie tip doan da qude gia trong sin xuit ndng nghidp vi ehd bien thye phim vdi dd thieh hpp eao vl ca chidu dpe vi chilu ngang efla chudi gia In. Nhd lip tmng thj phin eao dp nen e i e tip doin da qud'c gia vl cdng nghiep che bien ndng san cd lhl ha thap chi phi cho vide mua nguyen lieu va cac yeu td diu vio, canh tranh true tiep vdi he thdng phan phdi hing ndng sin trong vflng.
- Tu do hda thuong mai va sy dieh chuyen ddng diu tu nude ngoii ngiy eing thuan Uen hon, eflng vdi sy phit trien efla edng nghd thdng tin va phuang phip quin tri hidn dgi da tao ra eo hdi vi tiln d l cho eic hang sin xuat true tidp id ehfle q u i trinh van ddng efla sin phim hang hda tu sin xuat dd'n Ueu dflng. Chinh vi vay, nhilu n h i san xuat da ly td chue cie hd thong phin phdi hing hda trye tiep d l luu thdng hing hda tu nha sin xuat den tidu dung, Nhung theo quy dinh efla WTO ve md cua thi trudng dich vy phin phdi eac nudc, trong dd ed Viet Nam thudng cd cae quy dinh vl cac diiu kien d l c i e nhi phan phdi nudc ngoai duac thim nhip thi trudng vdi quy dinh kilm tra nhu cau
kinh t l hoac quy dinh hi|n dien thuong mgi dudi cie hinh thue nhu thi nhin, phip nhan, quy dinh vl nhugng quydn thuong mai...
2. Nhan to quoc gia
- Ting tnrdng va phat triln kinh tl: Cie ydu td nhu:
ty nhidn, kinh tl, xa hdi- van hda, chinh tn - phap luit, edng nghd... d i u anh hudng vi lie ddng tryc tilp hoac giin tilp ddn sy phit trien va hogt ddng eua eie he thdng phin phdi hang ndng san cfla vflng. Kinh te phit triln la dieu kien tiln d l d l phit triln dich vu phin phdi. Nhu eiu cfla khieh hing ngiy cing da dgng vi ddi hdi eao, ndn he thdng phin phdi hing ndng sin cung phai phit triln de dip tmg nhu ciu dd, sy phit triln c i vl mit quy md lin ehat Iugng sd d i p ung tdt nhit nhu eiu efla khach hing trong giai doan hidn nay.
- Chinh sieh eua Chinh phu: Vtii trd cfla Chinh phfl ddi vdi phit tiien thuong mgi ndi chung va hd thdng phin phdi hing ndng san ndi ridng dupe thi hien thdng qua: (1). Xie lap va dmh hudng chidn luoc, xay dung quy hogeh phat triln kinh te xa hdi ndi ehung, quy hogeh phat tridn sin xuat va thuong mgi hing ndng san ndi ridng; (2). Xay dyng va hoan thidn thi ehe mdi trudng kinh doanh, chinh sich v i giai phip nhim tao diiu kien thuan lpi d l phit triln e i e he thd'ng phin phdi; (3). Phil triln ea sa ha tang d i p ting tdt nhu eiu phit tiidn kinh tl; (4). On dinh kinh t l vi md, phit tiidn thi trudng dong bp va hidu qui; (5).
Tang eudng nang lye khoa hpc cdng nghe; (6). Dao tao vi phit Iriln ngudn nhin lue.
Cie chinh sich eua Chinh phfl ed inh huang tmc tidp vi gian tiep din su phit tridn eua he thd'ng phan phdi hang ndng sin. He thd'ng phit luat hoan chinh ehi phdi hoat ddng efla eac he thdng phan phdi, d i m
57
b i o mdi Irudng phip ly thuin Ipi cho eic doanh nghiep phit tridn hieu q u i cae he Ihdng phin phdi, tie ddng d i n su hinh thinh, phit tridn v i boat ddng efla he thdng phan phdi bang eie quy hoach v i dinh hudng phit triln, tuydn tiuyin giio due ning eao nhin thue vl hd thdng phin phdi hing ndng sin cho doanh nghilp vi ngudi lieu dflng, ed cac ehinh sich vi bidn phap ho trg vl thul, tin dyng, dat dai, d i o tao, edng nghe... cho cie n h i phin phdi, tgo diiu kidn eho sy hinh thinh vi phit triln eua hd thd'ng phan phdi hang ndng sin thdng qua xiy dung co so vit ehit ky thuat phye vu cho hoat ddng phin phdi hing ndng sin vi hidn dgi hog hg ting ndng nghiep.
3. Nhan to thuoc vung/dja phuong
- Diiu kidn dia ly, ty nhien, giao thdng efla vflng va eac dia phuong trong vflng. Diiu kidn dia ly ty nhidn thuan Igi se tie ddng tdt ddn phit triln h | thong phin phdi eua toin vung, hd thdng giao thdng thuin Igi kit ndi hpp ly giua dudng hang khdng, dudng sal, dudng thfly va dudng bd trong npi vflng vi vdi vung khie eflng nhu vdi qud'c t l se tao thuin loi cho phit triln he thdng phan phoi hing ndng sin v i ngugc lai.
- Cie nhin td xa hdi nhu d i n sd, eo eau din sd v i trinh dp din tri d i u inh hudng tryc tilp hoie giin Ulp den ehit lupng lao ddng, tfl dd anh budng dd'n nang suit Iao dOng trong hd thdng phin phdi hing ndng sin.
- Cie Ipi thd v i hgn ehd efla tflng dja phuong. Trong mdi vflng kinh t l cd nhilu dia phuong khie nhau, tuy CO mgt sd dilm tuong dong nhung vin ed nhiing ylu td khic biet, sy khic bidt dd lao ra Ipi thi va han che cua mdi dia phuong. Neu danh gia dung nhflng Ipi the va han e h i efla tflng dia phuong v i ed ehinh sieh, giii phap hpp Iy d l xfl ly thi se tao duge lgi l h l canh tranh chung efla vung trong phit triln h | thdng phan phdi hing ndng s i n vflng kinh tl.
4. Nhan to thuoc ve cac nha phan phoi - Sflc manh vl tai chinh: Vdn Ii mdt trong nhtrng yeu td quan trpng, quylt dinh vide nha phin phdi se phit Iriln h i th6ng phin phdi cfla minh theo chilu dgc hay chilu siu hoie c i hai. Vdn eflng tie dpng true tilp d i n vi|c d i u lu trang thill bi nhim ning eip chat lupng he thdng phin phdi.
- Ca sd vit ehit efla n h i phin ph6i: H | ihd'ng kho hang, cfla hang v i frang thilt bl phye vy kinh doanh...
ed i n h hudng trye tiep den lya chgn mil hing kinh doanh. Nlu kinh doanh c i e m i l hing ndng sin tuoi sdng thi dllu kidn tien quylt li phii cd cie thidt bi bio quin s i n phim, ein phii c6 e i c trang thilt bj d l cd lhl giao dich theo phuong thuc injc luyen, giao dieh thuong mgi diln tfl...
NGHliN CUU
- Ngudn nhin lye: Xu hudng ehung cua phil tiiln hd thdng phan phdi la se hinh thinh e i c chuoi lidn kll nhu chudi sidu till, ehudi eflg hing ty chgn, chudi ddi vdi mat hang cy lhl... Cie chuoi ridng bidt dd cd Idn manh dugc hay khdng, cd vj tri ra sao trong toin he thd'ng phin phd'i phy thude vio rat nhilu ehil lupng ngudn nhan lyc cfla he thdng phin phdi. Mudn phat triln h | thdng phin phdi thi phii ed eac nhi quin tri gidi 6 c i e b i e quan tri khie nhau.
Tdm lgi, hd thdng phin phdi ndi chung vi h i thd'ng phan phdi hang ndng sin vflng kinh t l ndi ridng cd vai trd quan trpng trong hd thdng hogt ddng sin xuat kinh doanh efla doanh nghi|p. He thdng phan phdi hang ndng san vflng kinh te ludn ludn bi tic ddng bdi cac nhan td khic nhau, do dd, khi doanh nghilp c6 thi nghidn eiiu, phan lich v i dinh gii mdt each chinh xac e i c nhin td lie ddng tiii se co eie giii phip Uiich hpp nham han chd nhtrng rui ro, vide han che eie rfli ro bdi c i e nhin td tic d0ng se gdp phan tieh eye eho doanh nghidp trong hidu qui sin xuit kinh doanh./.
Tai iieu tham i(hao
Bd Cdng Thuang (2010), Dieu tra vl mgng luoi phin phdi hing hda thugc "Chuang trinh xfle lien thuong mai thi trudng trong nude nam 2009"
Bd Cdng Thuang (2011), "Quy hoach phit triln mang ludi sidu thi, tmng tim thuong mgi c i nude Uidi ky 2011-2020 va tim nhin d i n nam 2030"
Bp Ke hogeh va Diu hr (2009), "Quy hogch tong thd phit triln kinh t l - xa hdi vflng Ddng Nam Bd din nam 2020"
Vidn Chiln lupe vi Chinh saeh Ndng nghidp (2010), "Nghidn cuu hd thd'ng phan phdi mdt so ndng sin ehinh tgi Hi ndi vi Thinh phd Hd Chi Minh"
<;ft HOuanE (THANG s / Z D ' 9 '