Cac y€u t6 tac dong toi qu£ui he loi ich trong phat trien nong nghiep huu co tren dia ban thanh pho Ha Noi
Boi'nii'n&
NCS, Hoc vi6n Chinh tii Ou6c gia H6 Chi Minh
CAc quan h i Igri ich giiia cAc ehu tiong tiong phAt tiiin ndng nghiip hiru eo lA khAch quan vA duoe thye hiin trong cAc khAu cCia chu tiinh sAn xuAt ndng nghiip hiru eo tir nhu cAu dAu vAo, quA trinh sAn xuAl vA tiiu thg sAn phAm dAu ra eua ndng nghiip hiru co. Viic thi/c hiin cAc quan h i loi ich phai bao dam hAi hda Igri ich ciia cAc chO thitiiam gia, ddng Ihdi khai thAc tdi da IQI Ich tir hoat ddng phat thin ndng nghiip huu co, d i san xuAt ning nghiip huu eo tid thAnh xu hudng sAn xuAt chu dao trong ndng nghiip, gdp phAn phAt triin bin virng nin ning nghiip.
1. Quan h^ loi ich trong phat trien ndng nghiep hiiu ca tren tfja ban Thanh pho Ha Nol
Trong phAl triin ndng nghiip hiru eo, NhA nude (quAn I;^ nhA nude) lA cAc co quan quAn IJ nhA nude d Tmng uong vA dja phuong, dai diin lA Sd Ndng nghiip vA PhAt tiiin ndng tiidn, cAc sd, ban, ngAnh cd liin quan, cd cAc chi>c nAng co bAn nhu xAy dyng vA t6 chuc thye hiin chiin lupc, quy hoach, k i hoach vi phat tiiin ndng nghiip hiru ccr, xAy dvng, ban hAnh va tfl chuc Ihyc hiin vAn bAn phAp quy vi tiiu ehuAn, chAl luqmg sAn phAm ndng nghiip hiru co; tuyin tmyin, phd bii'n phAp lu^t vi ndng nghiip hiru ccr, td chiie, quAn If/, dAo tao ngudn nhAn lye; nghiin eihj, ling dyng khoa hpc — cdng nghi ndng nghiip hCru co;
quy djnh td ehire bd mAy quAn ly nhA nude, phdi hgp cAc eo quan quAn IJ nhA nude v i phAt triin ndng nghiip hiru co; cAp, tiiu hOi giAy phip, glAy chung nhAn vi hoat dOng sAn xuAl ndng nghiip huu eo; tiin hAnh edng lAc thanh tia, kiim ha, gi^ quyit khiiu n^ii, ti cAo vA xtir ly vi pham phAt luAl liin quan d i n phAt triin ndng nghiip hiiu co.
Vdi cAc ehiie nAng nhu tiin, NhA nude ddng vai tid lA ehii tiii chinh hong viic giAi quyit quan h i Igi ich giira cAc b^n trong phAt triin ndng nghiip hiru eo, trong dd vai ti^ diiu chinh quan h i lofi ich giiia ngudi ning dAn vA doanh nghiip lA quan h i chu yiu vA chi phdi nhAt.
Ngudi ndng dAn lA lugng lugng true tiip sAn xuAt nir^ nghiip hiiu co, viic dAm bao quan h i Igi ich tiong phAt tiiin ndng nghiip hiiu co tiudc hit phAi bAo vi vA lAm gia tAng Igi ich kinh t i cho ngudi ndng dAn, m^t khAc viic Iga chgn sAn xuAt ndng nghiip hiiu CO cung lA sy lya chpn san xuAt an toAn hon ddi vdi sue khde ciia ngudi ndng dAn.
NhA doanh nghiip lA chu tiie cd vai ti-d quan ti-gng
trong viic dAu tu ban dAu, c h i biin vA tao dAu ra eho sAn phAm ndng nghiip hiiu eo, doanh nghiip vA ngudi ndng dAn chia s i nhiing giA trj xung dAng vA c6 gAng lAm tang gia til trong ehudi gia trj va phAn chia hAi hda Igri ich kinh t i eua ngAnh sAn xuAt ndng nghiip hiru CO.
NhA khoa hge ed vai trd ngAy cAng quan hpng tiong viie lAm gia lAng giA trj eiia sAn phAm ndng nghiip hiiu eo.
Ngudi tiiu diing vdi yiu cAu vA xu hudng tiiu diing ngay cang eao la ddng Igc cho ngAnh sAn xuAt ndng nghiip huu co phAl tiiin.
Thgc hiin quan h i Igri feh trong phAt tiiin ndng nghiip huu ca chinh lA ho^t dOng dAm bAo Igi ich kinh te tiire tiip tiong phAt triin ndng nghiip hiru co.
Hoat ddng dAm bAo Igi ich kinh t i trge tiip tiong phAt triin ndng ngliiip hiiu co dugc biiu hiin eg thi la: Ddi vdi ngudi ndng dAn lA chu thi lao ddng sAng tao, lao ra cac sAn phAm ndng nghlip huu co an toAn eho ngudi tiiu diing va xA hdichu dOng, lieh cue td chiic sAn xuAt, kinh doanh hiiu quA d i dAm bAo tdt cAc Igi ich kinh t i ehinh dAng eho chinh minh trong eo c h i til! hirdng; phai huy khA nAng sAng tao ti-ong mdi nin sAn xuat an toAn, bin viing, gdp phAn xAy dung mdi trudng kinh te lAnh manh.
2. Cac yeu to thujn loi tac ddng tdi quan he lot ich trong phat trien ndng nghiep hiru cv tren Oja ban Thanh pho Ha Nol
Trong then gian tdi, viic glAi quyit Igi ich tiong phAl triin ndng nghiip hiiu co tiin dla bAn IhAnh phd HA NOi se chiu tAe ddng bdi nhiiu nhAn td trong dd bao gdm ea nhirng tiiuAn Igri vA khd khAn. Cd tiie ki ra cAe yiu id IhuAn Igri dd lA:
Mdt la. thAnh phd HA NOi chii tiuong uu dAi vA Uiiic
( I N H T £ C H A U A - THAI E
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NGHIEN c u u
dAy phai tiiin nc>i K r ^ i i i p hiru co \A giAi qu>'it tiida dAng kTi ieh trong phAl triin ndng nghiip hOu co.
Tror^ A nam tiige hiin Qiuong trinh sd 02'CTr-TU cua ThAnh uy COM - 2014). dA huy dpng dugc 4a708 t>
ddng vdn dAu hr phAt triin cho triin khai cAc dg An xAy dgng co bAn khu vgc ndng thdn; trong dd, n^ng vdn ngAn sAch ThAnh phd lA 40 678 t> ddng (chiin
^ i.5%), vdn tin dyng dAu tu phAt triin ctia NhA nuoe lA 160 t> ddng (chiim 0,3%), v ^ tin dgng ngan hAng thirtmg mai la 7.870 ty ddr^ (chiim 16,2%). Thgc hiin Chuong tnnh mgc tieu qudc gia vi xAy dgng nCaig tiidn moi tu nAm 2011 din na>, tdng kinh phi cAc doanh nghiip, Id chuc doAn thi vA nhAn dAn dA ddng gdp, ung hd bAng tiin vA cAc hinh thtic quy ra tiin dugc 5.079 ly ddng.
Uy ban nhAn dAn tiiAnh phd HA Ndi dA phe duyit nhiim vy quy hoach ehi li^t xAy dung Tmng tAm Nghiin ciiu ling di^ng. ehuyin giao kj* thuAt ndng nghiip edng nghi cao vA xuc tiin Ihuong mai ndng nghiip vdi tdng miic dAu tu dg toan so bO d i thgc hiin dg An lA khoAng 588 t> ddng, trong dd huy ddng xd hdi hda khoAng 122 ty ddng d i dAu lu eAc hang mgc edng Irinh ed Unh chAi kinh doanh, cd kha nAng thu vdn. Vi ndng nghiip, tAp tmng phat tiiin ndng nghiip theo hudng san xuAt hAng hda, chuyin canh lAp tmng, gia tri cao, bin virng va bAo dAm an toAn vi sinh thge phAm.
\.i\ dgng cAc eo che ehinh sAch hd trg, bAo hd vi tiiui V a gidng cay tidng, vAl nudi cho cAc hO dAn. Tung bude nhAn rOng md hinh nAy, tao nen viing ndng nghiip huu co d^c trung cho Thii dd Ha NOi.
Hai lA, nh$n thiic ciia cAc chCi thi vi Icri ich tiong phAl triin ndng nghiip hiru co ngAy cAng dugrc nAng lin. Nhu cAu tiiu thg ndng sAn hiiu co eua UiAnh phd HA Ndi ndi riing rAt kSrn, mdi ngAy tu 2.500 d i n 3.000 lAn rau, eu, quA. Hon niia, vdi nhCmg Igi ich ve mdi trudng sinh tiiAi, sue khde cOng ddng... mA ndng nghiip hiiu eo mang lai cho cAc ehu thi dA tao nhung thuAn k;ri nhAt djnh trong quA tiinh phAt tiiin.
SAn xuAt ndng nghiip hiru eo lA sAn xuAt tiieo nguyin lAc dugc quy djnh trong tiiu chuan eua Li6n doAn cac Phong tiAo canh tAc ndng nghiip hiiu co qudc l i (IFOAM), vdi mge tiiu dAm bAo h i sinh tiiai cAy trdng, \At nudi, lao ra nhirng san pham cd chAt lugng an toAn vdi ngudi su dgng, dem Igi hiiu qua kinh ti, duy Iri va nAng cao dO mAu md eiia dAt. DAy la phuong phap Irdng rau, qua... khdng dugc su dgng hoA chAt ddc hai tiong bAo vi tiigc vAi d i trir sAu, binh, ed dai. eOng nhu eAc loai phAn hoA hpc, sAn xuAt ehii trpng din cAn t)Ang hi sinh tiiAi gong lu nhien. cae tiang trai chan nudi \6n eiia Ha Noi hiin nay co l>an thgc hiin tdt viie xu ly chAl tiiAi. nude tiiAi chAn n u ^ theo quy djnh dAm bio khdng gAy d nhiim mdi Imdng. d nhiim khdng khi.
Ba lA, HA Ngi cd nhiiu khu vgc va dja phuong cd diiu kiin thuAn k^i d i phAt triin ndng nghiip hiiu co.
HA NOi lA noi ddng chAn ciia nhiiu uum ^^^. ^^^^
oiu khoa hpc chuyin ngAnh n^"^J^;L pau quA, viin Ndng nghiip Viit Nam, Viin Ngh^n c ^^ ^^^.
Viin ChAn nudi lA diiu kiin ^ " ^ . ^ ^ ' f o cdng nghi hgp. gitip dd tu Wtii kV tiiuAt va^chuyinj^ao^c^ g^ 8 ^ trong sAn xuat ndng nghiip- V^c " ' S
dyng nhung tiin hp KHCN rdng rA^ ' ; ^ " y . „ n g o a ^ ndnl nghiip se gdp phan thue dAy " f S^^'^.^^^^^^
thAnh HA NOi phAl triin tiieo hudng bin vOng. mra q trinh Cdng nghiip hda, hiin da* »^f "^"^ "^^.^^^^
ndng thdn cua ThAnh phd sdm ti-Anh e d ^ . D^y cung la diiu kiin tiiuAn Igi d i ndng nghiiP ngoai UiAnh Ha NOi tid tiiAnh md hinh ling dyng khoa hpc cdng nghi vAo sAn xuAt. tiuch ung vdi cuOc cAch mang cdng nghiip 4.0, d i dAn lan Ida ra cAc tinh phy cAn va cA nude nhAm xAy dgng n i n ndng nghiip chAl lugng eao, hang hda Idn.
Lao dOng Ha Ndi ddi dao vA tiinh dp ngAy cAng dugc nAng cao. So vdi cA nude, lao dOng tiin dja bAn HA NOi ed tiinh dO ehuyin mdn cao hon. Binh quAn cu 03 lao dOng till cd 01 ngudi ed tiinh dO chuyin mdn tu cao dAng tid lin va chAt lugng lao dOng tiong ndng nghiip, ndng tiidn tiing bude dugc nAng lin. Dg bAo lao dOng khu vgc ndng tiidn HA NOi vAn s i gia tAng vAo nhirng nAm tdi khi dAn sd cua Ha NOi dang lAng nhanh, tiX)ng khi dAn sd khu vgc ndng thdn se giAm dAn.
Ndng nghiip ngoai thanh HA NOi cd lh| trudng Idn, hAp dAn vA giAu tiim nAng phAt tiiin vdi khoAng 10 triiu ngudi dAn dang cu tiii, edng lAc, hge tap, du ljch vA dang cd xu hudng tAng m^nh. Theo thdng k i cua Sd Ndng nghiip vA PhAt tiiin ndng thdn HA NOi, hiin nay, luong Uigc, thgc phAm sAn xuAt trin dia bAn mdi chi eung cAp dugc khoAng 52% Uijl cAc loai, 64% cA, 65% tmng gia cAm, 20% sOa, 44% ggo t i , 55% rau cii tuoi va 17% quA tijoi.
Vdi dAc tiii] eua mdt n i n ndng nghiip <30 thj, phAl trien theo hudng b i n viing cA vi kinh t i lAn sinh thAi mdi tiiidng, ndng nghiip hiiu eo ed vai trd quein hpng tao nen vAnh dai xanh cho eae khu dd thj, khu dAn cu, khu cdng nghiip... Ddng tiidi cAc vAnh dai xanh ndng nghiip lA CO sd lao sde hAp dan eho phat triin djch vg du Ueh sinh tiiai, du ljch edng ddng va phat triin cAc djch vu xA hpi khAc.
HA NOi cd nhiiu Igri tiii d i phAt tiiin sAn phAm hOu CO, cd thj tiuong tiiu Uiy sAn phAm cao, dAt dai phO hgp eho sAn xuAl ndng nghiip hiiu co d eAc huvin- Ba Vl, Thach ThAt, Qudc Oai, Chuong M^ One Hda Thanh Oai..., Ha NOi cAn lAp tiung XAc dinh vung tiim nAng phAt tiiin ndng nghiip him eo d i cd giAi nhAo bAo vi, cAi tao cAc viing dAt nay, hoAc xAy dgnc co sd ha tAng phyc vg eho sAn xuAt ndng nghi§p hCm m vi.
d$e biit iA cAn ed sg liin kil b i n viing gig^^do^^
nghiip, ngudi sAn xuAl, ngudi tifeu diir^ Nhin rh bude dAu cAe md hinh da dat dugc nhtrnc tiianh i ^ ' nhAt djnh, la minh chiing eho kha nai^ DhAt T"?
ndng nghiip huu co tiin dja ban tiiAnh phd Ma H "
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>• O i / O N D r T H A H a ekhdng cd doanh nghiip dAu lu quy md kin, nhung Ha NOi cd hudng di riing, cAc doanh nghiip dAu hj edng [^hi phAt tiiin tiang trai hiiu qua n i n muc tiiu nhAp Wnh quAn diin tich canh tac d HA NOi dat xAp xi 250 triiu dOng/ha.
3. Cic yeu to khe.khan tac dong toi quan he loi ieb trong phat^trien ndng nghfep bOu ce treri dla bin Thanh pho Ha Npi
B6n canh nhirng I h u ^ Ipi thi phAt tiiin ndng nghiip hiiu co h i n dja bAn Thanh phd HA NOi cung bj chi phdi bdi nhiiu nhAn Id khd khAn, eg tiii lA:
Thu nhAt, nguCri ndng dAn vAn sAn xuAl manh miin, manh al nAy lAm; vai hd eua hgp tAe xA edn md nhat trong viic liin kit sAn xuAt vA liiu thg. Trin dja bAn ThAnh phd HA Ndi da cd rAt nhiiu 16 chiic, sd, ngAnh, cAc nha khoa hpc cd k i hoach h6 Irg ndng dAn vi ky IhuAl, nhung lai lAm theo kiiu m^nh ai ngudi nAy lAm va Uigc hiin theo cAeh dAn IrAi, d i n khi k i hoach, dg An kit Ihue thi mgi viie eiia ndng dAn eiing trd vi diim xuAl phAt. Trong khi dd, phAn Idn ndng dAn sAn xuSt quy md nhd Ii, manh miin, sAn phAm lAm ra it, chAt lugng chua bAo dAm yiu cAu, lu duy canh lAc c6n tuy tiin, lAm theo phong IrAo. MOt cAn binh cd hiiu khO chCia nOa cua ndng dAn lA tg 9 phA hgp ddng khi glA thj trudng eao hon giA k^ kit khiin doanh nghiip khdng mAn mA bat tay tiiu thy sAn phAm.
Hgp lAc xA chua thi hiin vai hd la cAu ndi gida ngudi ndng dan vdi doanh nghiip trong chudi gia tii.
HoQl dOng ciia da sd hgp tac xA, docinh nghiip tiong chu6i sAn xuAl, phAn phdi, tiiu thg sAn phAm ehu yiu v4n theo phuong thiie tmyin thdng, chua chu ddng xSy dgng djnh hudng phAt triin eg thi; chua cd nhiiu mO hinh Hin kit quy md idn, hiiu quA. Viic sAn xuAl, kinh doanh theo chudi liin kit chua dat hiiu quA nhu mong mudn; sAn phAm vAn cdn phy Ihugc nhiiu vAo biin dOng thj trudng.
Thu hai, chua cd chinh sAch dii manh d i khuyin khich phAt triin ndng nghiip ting dyng cdng nghi cao. Cdng lAc nghiin ciiu, chuyin giao, ling dgng tiin bo khoa hpc cdng nghi mdi vAo sAn xuAl ndng nghiip hiiu CO cua Thanh phd cdn it dAn d i n ndng sAn phAm ci chAt lugng cao ehua dAp ling dii nhu cAu tiiu diing cua nhAn dAn Thu dd. Chinh sAch khuyin khich dAu tir phAl triin sAn xuAl ndng nghiip chua dii manh d i thu hut dugc docinh nghiip dAu lu, nhAl IA linh vgc chi biin ndng sAn.
Mdi lien kil giiia cAc tAc nhAn tham gia sAn xuAt ning nghiip hiiu co, d^c biit IA giiia ndng dAn — doanh nghiip cdn rAt nhiiu vAn d i cAn bAn. "Lien kit '4 nhA" vdi vai trd td chuc eua NhA nude, chuyin giao khoa hpc ky ttiuAt cua nhA khoa hpc ni'u khdng cd sg
<16ng tiiu$n ciia ndng dAn vA sg tham gia cua doanh t ^ i p till mdi liin kil nAy s i gAy vd.
Thii ba, h i thdng kit eAu ha tAng ndng tiidn cua HA
Npi dAu lu ehua ddng diu giiia cAc dja phuong vA thiiu tinh ddng bd nin chua dAp ling yiu cAu sAn xuAi cua nOng nghiip hiru co. Ha lAng ve giao Ihdng ndng thdn, Ihiiy Igi... phge vy sAn xuAl ndng nghiip nhiiu noi cdn khd khan, tiiiiu thdn, nhAl IA nhiing viing xa tiung lAm nhir Sdc Scm, Ba Vi, IJng Hda. Cdng lAc quAn ly quy hoach, quAn \^ xAy dgng, quAn ly dAt dai khu vgc ngoai IhAnh HA Npi edn nhiiu bAt e$p, gAy lAng phi cAe ngudn Ige dAu tu. Mdi trudng d mOt sd huyin ngoai thAnh dang bj 0 nhiim nghiim trgng.
nhAt IA d cAe khu chAn nudi lAp tmng.
Thu lu. quA trinh dd tiij hda mang lai sg phat triin kinh t i - xA hOi cho ThAnh phd, nhung d nhiim mOi trudng ngAy cang nghiem tigng de dpa din cuOc sdng eiia cu dAn noi dAy. Di thj hda nhanh lAm dAl dai trong ndng nghiip ngAy cang bj thu h?p, nhAt la dAt dai tai cAe vting san xuAl; tiong khi nhu cAu ndng sAn cAng lAng len \ e sd lugng, chAl lugng vA vi sinh an toAn thge phAm. Tdc do dd tiij hda d Thii dd cAng nhanh cAng lam thu h?p vai trd vA Anh hudng rAt Idn din yiu cAu phAt tiiin xanh, bin viing ciia ndng nghiip ngoai IhAnh HA NOi; lAm mAt dAn vAnh dai xanh d i diiu hda khi h$u hay la noi vui choi. giAi tii, Uiu glAn tiong khdng gian ndng nghiip sinh thAi. Do vAy, HA NOi cAn sdm ed nhiing quy hoach tdng thi vi sir dyng dAt nhAm giu gin diin Ueh dAt ndng nghiip vA vAnh dai xanh cho cAc khu dd tiij. khu dAn cu eua Thu dd.
PhAl triin ndng nghiip hiru co IA vAn d i cd ^ nghia quan trpng ddi vdi ngAnh ndng nghiip ciia thanh phd HA NOi, !A mpt bO phAn hiru cu trong quA trinh phAl triin bin viing kinh l i - xA hOi eua Thu dd. Do dd, d i giAi quyit quan h i Igri ich trong phAt trien ndng nghiip hOu CO hiin nay ddi hdi phAi cd sif ddng IhuAn vA n6 Ige to Idn cQa cAc cAp, cAc ngAnh eCia ThAnh phd tiong viic phAt huy cAc yiu td tieh egc va han c h i cac yiu Id Uiu cgc d i ndng nghiip hiiu co cd bude phAl triin vung chAcV.
Tai lieu tham khao
John T. Mentzer, William DeWitI, James S. Keebler (2001), Defining supply chain management, Jounal of business logistics, Vol.22, No. 2,.
GerefR, G., J. Humphrey, and T. Shirgeon (2005),
"The Governance of Global Value Chain", Review of Intemational Political Economy, 12:1, Febmary 2005:
78-104.
Harkin, T. (2004), Econonruc Concentration and Stmcturcil Change in the Food and Agriculture Sector Trends, Consequences and Policy Options.
Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry United States Senate.
Tmong Dinh Chiin (2010), QuAn til kinh phAn phdi, NhA xuAl bAn Kinh t i qudc dAn,HA Ndi.
ma a / ZOZOI