(so 04 (189)-2019)
VAN DE HOM NAY
NGHj QUYET SO 39-NQ/rW:
PHAT HUY CAC NGUON LUC CUA DAT NlfdC
Ths. Tran Manh Tien*
Nghj quyet so 39-NQ/TW hihang dinh rb quan diem chi dao cua DSng trong vi$c quin ly, lihai thic, si> dung va phM huy cic nguon IIFC cua dat nu^; trong d6, da dang hda cic hinh thipc huy d^ng vA si> d^ng nguon /uc, thOc day xa hdi hda, thu hut m^nh me cAc nguon l^pc dau tw ngoAi nhi nw&c. Trong d6, da d^ng hda cac hinh thirc huy dgng vi sw dung nguon lifc, tfitic day x§ h^i hda, thu hdt m^nh me cic nguon lire dau tw ngodi nhi nwirc; ip dung nguydn tac thi trw&ng trong quin ly, khai thic, sw dyng cic nguon Iwc phit trien; day manh idnh te hda nguon v0t I{FC; t$p trung Ithai thic toi da tiem ning ithoa /jgc vi cdng ngh^ cho phM then ldnh te • xi h^i; trinh xiy ra that thoit, lang phi, c^n Iti^t nguon l{pc cOa dat nw&c vi huy hoai moi trw&ng; dong (/JOT, chi dao ve cdng tic kiim ke, dinh gii cic nguon /(re cua nen kinh te. Nghi quyet da de ra muc tieu tdng quit vi cic myc ti§u cy the doi v&i twng nguon ly^ (nhin lyc, v$t lyv, tii lyv;) gan v&i cic m6c th&i gian den nim 2025, nim 2035 vi nim 2045 - Th&i diem k^ ni^m 100 nim thinh l$p nw&c Vi^t Nam Din chu Cong hda, nay li nw&c C^ng hda xa h^i chi) nghia Vi$t Nam; dong th&i chi ra cic nhi^m vu, giai phip chung vi nhiem vu, giii phip cu the doi v&i tirng nguon lyv nham thyc hi^n quan diim vi muc tieu de ra.
• TLF khoa. Nghi quySt 39/TW, nguon ItfC kinh t4, ca chS, chinh sich.
Resolution No 39-NQ/TW clearly affirms the Party's guiding position in managing, exploiting, using and promoting the country's resources, in which, diversifying forms of mobilizing and using resources, promoting socialization, strongly attracting non-state investment resources. In particular, diversifying fonns of mobilizing and using resounDos, promoting socialization, strongly attracting non-state investment resources, apply market principles tn management, exploitation and use of development resources, promote economicization of material resources;
focus on maximizing the potential of science and technology for socio-economic development, avoid loss, waste, deplete resources of the country and destroy the environment; at the same time, directing ttie work of inventorying and evaluating the resources of the economy The Resolution set out the general objectives and specific objectives for each resource (human, matenal and financial resources) associated with the milestones to 2025, 2035 and 2045 - Anniversary time 100 years of establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, now the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, at the same time point out the tasks, general solutions and specific tasks and solutions for each resoume in order to implement the set point and objectives
• Keywords- Resolution 39/TW, economic resources.
\mechanisms and policies.
Ng^y nh$n bii: 1/3/2019 Ngiy chuyin ph§n bi$n: 11/3/2019 Ngiy nh$n phin bi$n: 15/3/2019 Ngiy ch6p nhin ding: 19/3/2019
1. Mgt so muc tieu chinh cua Nghi quyet ThUc d&y phdt triin kinh te-xa hgi nhanh va bin vitng: Tai Nghi quylt, neu ro muc tieu la nang cao hieu qua quan ly, khai thac, huy ddng, phan bd, sir dung cac ngudn luc ciia nln kinh tl nhdm thuc ddy phat triln kinh t l - xa hgi nhanh va ben vijng, thuc hien tien bd, cdng bdng xa hdi, cai thien ddi song nhan dan, bao dam qudc phdng, an ninh, sdm dua nuoc ta trd thanh nudc cdng nghiep theo hudng hien dai, tiln tdi trd thanh nudc cdng nghiep hien dai theo dinh hudng xa hdi chii nghTa. Ddi vdi ngudn nhan luc, phdn ddu den nam 2025, ti trgng lao ddng iam viec trong khu vuc ndng, lam nghiep va thuy san dudi 33% tdng sd lao dgng ciia ca nudc. Khde phuc ca ban tinh trang mdt can ddi cung-cdu nhan luc trong nen kinh tl, thilt lap he thdng sdp x l p cdng viec dua tren vi tri viec lam, ciing co he thdng chirc nghiep
* Tru&ng DH Kinh ti Ky thu^t Cong nghiep
Tap chi nghien cflu Tai chinh k e toan
VAN DE HOM NAY
thuc tai. Din nam 2035, ti trgng lao ddng lam viec trong khu vuc ndng, lam nghiep va thOy san dudi 25% tdng sd lao ddng ciia ca nudc. Chi sd phat triln con ngudi (HDI) dat muc cao tren the gidi (gia tri tir 0,700-0,799). Phat triln nang luc ddi mdi sang tao, cd ddi ngu nhan lire khoa hgc, cdng nghe, chuyen gia dau nganh tuong ducmg trinh do cua cae nudc tien tien trong khu vuc.
Din nam 2045, ti trgng lao ddng lam viec trong khu vuc ndng, lam nghiep va thiiy san dudi 15% tdng sd lao dgng ciia ca nudc. Chi so phat trien con ngudi (HDI) dat muc cao tren the gidi (gia tri tir 0,800 trd len). Nang suat lao ddng va nang lire canh tranh cua nhan luc Viet Nam dat mirc trung binh cac nudc ASEAN-4.
Hoan ihien ddng bg he thSng iuatphdp, cff che, chinh sdch: Ddi vdi ngudn vat lire, phan dau den nam 2025, hoan thien ddng bg he thong luat phap, ea che, chinh sach, cdng cu thuc day quan ly, sir dung tiet kiem va hieu qua tai nguyen thien nhien. Tham dd, khai thac, che bien, sir dung khoang san phii hgp vdi thuc te quy md va hieu qua dau tu. Xay dung mdi va duy tri van hanh mang ludi tram quan trac tai nguyen mdi truong hien cd. Ddng thdi, hinh thanh he thdng ca sd vat chat va ha tang kinh te - xa hdi tuang ddi ddng bg, hien dai. Hoan thanh diit diem cac cdng trinh cd tinh chat cap bach, trgng tam, trgng dilm, tao dgng luc phat trien kinh te - xa hgi, nang cap ha tang ket ndi giu'a cac vimg, mien trong ca nudc va kit cau ha tang do thi. Den nam 2035, phat trien cac cdng cu dieu tiet thi trudng quyen sir dung ddt, bao dam khoang 99% dien ti'ch dat tu nhien dugc dua vao khai thac, sir dung. Kiem soat tinh hinh d nhiem ngudn nudc, phuc hdi 25% dien ti'ch he sinh thai tu nhien bi suy thoai. Hoan thien he thdng mang quan trdc tai nguyen, mdi trudng quoc gia theo hudng tu dgng hda. Hoan thanh viec xay dung dong bg ca sd dtr lieu nganh tai nguyen, mdi trudng va he thong thdng tin giam sat tai nguyen qudc gia... Din nam 2045, chii dgng ngan ngira, han che tinh trang suy thoai tai
nguyen, d nhiim mdi trudng, ung phd vdi bien ddi khi hau, nudc biln dang. Bao ton va sur dung bin vimg tai nguyen thien nhien. Hoan thien ca sd vat chdt va kit cdu ha tdng ddng bd, hien dai, kit ndi thdng sudt trong nudc vdi quoc te, ngang bang vdi cac nudc phat triln.
Giu vung an ninh tdi chinh quoc gia, bao ddm can doi ngan sdch: Ddi vdi ngudn tai luc, din nam 2025, giir viing an ninh tai chinh qudc gia, bao dam can doi ngan sach tich cue, giam dan ti le bdi chi ngan sach nha nudc, den nam 2020 xudng dudi 4% GDP, din nam 2030 xudng khoang 3 % GDP, hudng tdi can bang thu - chi ngan sach nha nudc. Den nam 2030, ng cdng khdng qua 60% GDP, ng chinh phii khdng qua 50% GDP, ng nudc ngoai ciia qudc gia khdng qua 45% GDP. Den nam 2020 co ban hoan thanh va den nam 2025 hoan thanh viSc sap xep lai, xir ly nha dat thudc sd huu nha nudc tren pham vi ca nudc, hoan thanh di ddi cac ca sd gay d nhiim mdi trudng, co sd phai di ddi theo quy hoach da dugc phe duyet. Din nam 2025 mire dir triJ qudc gia dat 0,8%-l,0% GDR Du ng thi trudng trai philu dat 55% GDP. Din nam 2035, mirc du tr&
qudc gia dat 1,5% GDP. Du ng thj trudng trai philu dat 70% GDP. Ngudn vdn huy ddng cho nen kinh te ciia cac doanh nghiep bao hilm chilm 20%-30% tong ngudn v6n ddu tu dai han...
Din nam 2045, miic du trtr qudc gia dat 2%
GDP. Du ng thj trudng trai phieu dat 80% GDP.
Ngudn vdn huy ddng eho nen kinh t l ciia cac doanh nghiep bao hilm chilm 30%-50% tdng ngudn vdn ddu tu dai han. Giu dn dinh thu ngan sach nha nudc vl ddt dai dat 10%, thu tir khai thac tai san cong dat 5%-7% tdng thu ngan sach nha nudc.
Ndng cao ndng lyc kiin tgo, qudn tri quoc gia vd ndng luc ty chd, ddi mdi sdng igo cua cdc doanh nghidp: Bk thuc hien dugc nhtrng muc tieu dl ra, tai Nghi quylt dua ra mdt sd nhiem vu, giai phap Chung cu thi: Sira ddi, b6 sung va hoan
S^ Tap chi nghien cflu Tai chinh ke toan
( So 04 (189)-2019)
VAN DE HOM NAY thien luat phap, ca che, chinh sach de khoi thdng,
giai phdng tdi da va nang cao hieu qua su dung cac nguon luc hien cd, phii hgp vdi nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hgi chii nghTa, thuc hien cong khai, minh bach trong quan ly, khai thac va sir dung cac ngudn lire cua dat nudc.
Doi mdi md hinh tang trudng chuyen tir chii ylu dua vao khai thac tai nguyen, vdn ddu tu va lao dgng sang sir dung tdng hgp, cd hieu qua cac nguon luc ciia nln kinh tl, nhat la ngudn nhan luc chdt lugng cao, cd nang luc khoa hgc, cdng nghe, dii mdi sang tao. Tap trung thirc hien ddng bg cac giai phap nang cao nang suat lao ddng, chat lugng, hieu qua, sire canh tranh va phat trien ben vtrng ciia nen kinh te.
Co cdu lai nen kinh te, nganh, viing va san pham chu ylu theo hudng hien dai, phat huy lgi thi so sanh va tham gia sau vao chudi gia tri toan cdu. Tap trung cac ngudn luc phat trien nhirng san phdm cd lgi the so sanh, sire canh tranh, gia tri gia tang eao va cd thi trudng tieu thu. Ddi mdi CO cdu thanh phdn kinh t l theo hudng bao dam canh tranh cdng bdng, binh dang, tdn trgng tinh pho biln han la nhdn manh tinh dac thu; djnh vi vai tro chii dao ciia kinh t l nha nudc tap trung vao djnh hudng, dan ddt va thuc hien nhimg dich vu cong, ddu tu cac du an trgng diem qudc gia ma cac thanh phdn kinh t l khac khdng dii nang luc hoac khong cd nhu cau dau tu.
Nang cao nang luc kiln tao, quan tri quoc gia va nang luc tu chu, ddi mdi sang tao ciia cac doanh nghiep. Ddi mdi va nang cao chat lugng cong tac xay dung chiln luge, quy hoach, ke hoach phat triln kinh t l - xa hdi tren ca sd tang cudng nang luc phan tich, danh gia, du bao tren cac ITnh vuc. Thuc hien cdng khai, minh bach, binh ddng va dan chii hda ddi sdng kinh te - xa hgi. Kilm soat tdt quyln luc, de cao trach nhiem giai trinh va dao dire cdng vu. Xay dung va thuc thi nghiem cac chl tai du manh nham ngan chan hanh vi cira quyln, ddc quyen, ca che xin - cho,
lgi ich nhdm, day liii tham nhung, gdp phan ciing cd Idng tin cua cac nha dau tu, doanh nghiep va toan xahgi...
Ddng thdi, day manh iing dung cdng nghe thdng tin, chia se thdng tin ve cac ngudn luc trong nen kinh t l de sir dung tdi uu va hieu qua, phan phdi, chia se va tai sir dung cd hieu qua cac ngudn tuc du thira, lam gia tang gia tri cac ngudn luc ciia nen kinh te.
Ben canh do, Nghj djnh quy djnh nhtrng nhiem vu, giai phap chii yeu cua timg ngudn luc. Ddi vdi ngudn nhan lire, nang cao nhan thirc, hoan thien the che ve phat trien, quan ly, khai thac, su dung cd hieu qua ngudn nhan luc Viet Nam. Ddi mdi cdng tac quan ly, sir dung, danh gia va dao tao ngudn nhan luc, hoan thien the che phat trien thj trudng lao ddng hoat dgng hieu qua.
Ddi vdi ngudn vat luc, ngudn luc tai nguyen thien nhien tap trung hoan thien he thdng luat phap thiic ddy xay dung ha tdng d& lieu khdng gian dia ly qudc gia phil hgp vdi chuan muc qudc tl. Xay dung co chl, chinh sach, giai phap cu the hda quan dilm kinh tl hda tai nguyen khoang san. Ve nguon luc ca sd vat chdt va ha tang kinh t l - xa hdi tap trung hoan thien luat phap, ca chl, chinh sach huy ddng ngudn luc lir cac thanh phan kinh te, cac nha dau tu trong nudc va nudc ngoai tham gia ddu tu phat triln kit cdu ha tdng theo hudng cdng khai, minh bach, bao dam hai hda lgi ich ciia Nha nudc, nha ddu tu va xa hgi, coi day ia giai phap dot pha dl thuc hien cac muc tieu bao dam hoan diien ca sd vat chdt va ha tang phuc vu phat triln kinh te - xa hdi.
Ddi vdi ngudn tai luc, dilu hanh chu dgng, linh hoat, hieu qua chinh sach tiln te, phdi hgp cd hieu qua vdi chinh sach tai khda va cac chinh sach khac dl kilm soat lam phat, bao dam dn djnh kinh t l vT md va cac can ddi ldn ciia nln kinh te.
Dilu hanh lai sudt, tl gia linh hoat, phii hgp vdi diln biln kinh t l vT md, lam phat va thj trudng tien te. Triln khai ddng bd cac giai phap quan ly
Tap chi nghien cflu Tai chinh ke toan
VAN DE HOM NAY
(S6'04(189)jJ0il
thi trudng vang, quan ly giao dich vang lai va sir dung ngoai te hgp ly. Phat triln thi trudng tiln te dn djnh, minh bach, phii hgp vdi djnh hudng phat triln thj trudng tai chi'nh... Hoan thien the che phat triln thj trudng chimg khoan, xay dung Luat chung khoan sira ddi va cac van ban hudng dan thuc hien nhdm phat triln ddng bd thj trudng vdn, thj trudng chimg khoan thanh kenh huy dgng vdn trung va dai ban cho dau tu phat trien.
2. D I bao dam can doi ngan sach tich circ, giam dan ti le bgi chi ngan sach Nha nirdc, Nghi quyet so 39-NQ/TW da de cap den nhirng giai phap
Thu- nhat, thuc hien nghiem Luat Ngan sach Nha nudc, tang eudng ky luat tai chinh - ngan sach Nha nudc d tat ca cac nganh, cac cap. Nudi dudng ngudn thu ngan sach Nha nudc, bao dam thu diing, thu dii, thu kjp thdi, chdng that thu, chuyen gia va ng dgng thue.
Thu- hai, giam sat chat che cac khoan chi tir ngan sach Nha nudc, bao dam triet de tiet kiem, chdng lang phi, tang ngudn thu sir nghiep. Thuc hien chinh sach tai khoa chat che, phdi hgp ddng bd vdi chinh sach tiln te. Giam cac quy tai chinh nha nudc ngoai ngan sach Nha nudc de tap trung ngudn lire cho phat trien.
ThU- ba, ben canh do, kilm soat va quan ly ng cdng trong gidi han cho phep, day manh ca cau lai ng cdng, kilm soat chat che cac nghTa vu ng tilm dn; hoan thien luat phap, chinh sach quan ly ng cdng phii hgp vdi tinh hinh thuc tien trong nudc va thdng le qudc te.
Thu tu, nang cao hieu qua sir dung ng cdng, gdn trach nhiem phan bd, sir dung von vay vdi trach nhiem giai trinh, can ddi nghTa vu tri ng;
tap trung phat trien thi trudng von trong nudc theo hudng da dang hoa cdng cu ng va nha ddu tu, thu hut cac nha ddu tu nudc ngoai.
Dac biet, dl nang cao hieu qua cac ngudn lire nhdm thiic ddy phat triln kinh t l - xa hdi nhanh
va ben vung, chung ta cdn thirc hien ddng bg cac giai phap nhu: tilp tuc hoan thien luat phap, ca chl, chi'nh sach dl khai thdng, giai phdng tdi da va nang cao hi?u qua sir dung cac ngudn luc hien ed. Ddng thdi, ddy nhanh qua trinh ddi mdi mo hinh tang trudng chuyen tir chii yeu dua vao khai thac tai nguyen, vdn ddu tu va lao ddng sang su dung tdng hgp, cd hieu qua cac ngudn luc ciia nen kinh te, nhdt la ngudn nhan lire chdt lugng cao.
Ben canh dd, tap trung thuc hien ddng bd cac giai phap nang cao nang suat lao ddng, chat lugng, hieu qua, sue canh tranh va phat trien ben vung ciia nln kinh te. Mat khac, cSn co cau lai nen kinh tl, nganh, viing va san phdm chii ylu theo hudng hien dai, phat huy lgi the so sanh va tham gia sau vao chudi gia trj toan cau. Tap trung cac ngudn luc phat triln nhtmg san pham cd lgi the so sanh, sue canh tranh, gia trj gia tang cao va cd thj trudng tieu thu. Ciing dd, can chii dgng nam bat ca hdi, tan dung tdi da thanh tuu ciia cudc Cach mang cdng nghiep lan thir tu; day manh lirng dung cdng nghe thdng tin, chia se thdng tin ve cac ngudn lire trong nen kinh te de su dung tdi uu va hieu qua; phan phdi, chia se va tai sir dung cd hieu qua cac ngudn lire du thira, lam gia tang gia trj cac nguon luc ciia nen kinh tl. Ngoai ra, cac bg, nganh, dja phuong cdn khdn truong cu the hda cac muc tieu, nhiem vu, giai phap trong Nghj quylt; xay dung va trien khai cac De an nhdm quan ly, khai thac, phan bd va sir dung hieu qua cac ngudn luc ciia ddt nudc.
Tai lieu tham khao:
Nghi quyit sS 39-NQ/TW ngay 15/1/2019 ciia Bo Chinh tri
hltp //baophapluat vn. Ndng cao hieu qud phdt huy cac nguon luc cita nen kinh tl
_ Tap chi tdi chinh (1/2019) Ndng cao hieu qud qudn ly. kha, thac, su dung vd phdt huy cdc ngudn luc ciia nh kinh le.
'h T a p chi nghien cflu Tai chinh ke toan
