NGirdi HOA d HOI AN, QUANG NAM GIA TRI CUA TIN TRONG DClI SONG

GIA TRI CUA TIN

N G U Q N G

TRONG DClI SONG NGirdi HOA d HOI AN, QUANG NAM

V O D U Y N G H l A ^ * *

Tom tdu Ngudi Hoa co mat d thdnh pho'Hgi An tUdng ddi sdm va hien nay dd trd thdnh mot trong nhOng ho phan quan trong trong ca cdu thdnh phdn dan cH cua thiiOng cdng ndy. Bdi vie't de cap den qud trinh hinh thdnh. phdt trien cua cong ddng ngiidi Hoa cung nhu sit litu truyen tie the he ndy sang the he khac mgt sdlog.i hinh tin ngudng dgc sdc vd co gid tri tren nhieu phUOng dien dot vdi ddi song tinh thdn ciia con ngUdi.

Tic khoa: Ngitdi Hoa; tin ngudng; Hoi An; Qudng Nam.

Abstract: The Chinese came to Hoi An city since very early and gradually became an important community in Hoi An population. This article discussed the formation and development of the Chinese community in Hoi An and their unique religions.

Keywords: The Chinese; religion; Hoi An city; Quang Nam province.

Ngay nhdn bdi: 05/9/2018; Ngdy siia bdi: 15/10/2018; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/01 /2019.

1. Md d a u

Tin ngUdng cd vi t r i h e t sQc d a c b i e t trong ddi sd'ng t i n h t h i n ciia cpng d d n g cQ dan ngudi Hoa t a i Hpi An, la m o t trong cac t h a n h to' t a o n e n b a n s i c v a n hoa Viet N a m . Nd chQa dQng gia t r i , y nghia q u a n t r p n g , t h i e t thUc, d a c b i e t mang t a m a n h h u d n g Idn ddi vdi ddi sd'ng cua cpng dong cQ d a n ndi d a y e u n g nhU viec giQ gin, b a o iQu va p h a t h u y n h Q n g net van hda t r u y e n thd'ng td't d e p , gdp phan xay dQng n e n v a n h d a t i e n tie'n, dam da b a n s i c d a n tdc. Di d a n de'n vQng da't mdi t r e n t h e gidi ndi c h u n g va t h a n h pho Hpi An ndi r i e n g la m o t h i e n tQdng kha phd bie'n c u a ngQdi H o a . K h i d a t chan den t h a n h phd' Hdi A n - m d t ndi da't la, que ngQdi, dieu d i u t i e n c u a h p e h i n h la tim mpt chd dUa la ve ddi sd'ng t a m linh. Cho nen, t r o n g q u a t r i n h n h a p eU va hinh t h a n h khd'i cpng d o n g cU d a n ngirdi Hoa, ho da cd' k e t vdi n h a u tQ trong sinh b o a t dS'n lao d p n g va s a n g SH 3-2019

t a o , iQu giQ n h i e u n e t v a n h d a t r u y e n thd'ng dac s i c . T r o n g do cd h e thd'ng eae t i n ngQdng m a n g n h i l u gia t r i dac trQng g a n vdi ddi sd'ng t i n h t h a n cua ngudi Hoa ndi day.

T h e o N g u y e n V a n M i n h , v a i trd cua t d n giao, t i n ngUdng t r o n g ddi sd'ng xa hdi gdm: t d n giao, t i n ngUdng gdp p h a n s a n g t a o cac gia t r i v a n hda n g h e t h u a t ; m d t m a t h u d n g con ngUdi tdi gia t r i dao dQc va xa hpi td't dep, n h Q n g cung l a m t a n g t i n h t h u ddng vao cac t i n dieu cd s i n ; vQa p h a n a n h k h a t vpng cua con ngUdi, n h U n g c u n g k i m h a m q u a t r i n h h i e n thUc h d a k h a t vpng dd. "Mot thUc t a i d a va d a n g d i l n r a d ra't n h i e u edng d d n g t r o n g ea xa hdi h i e n d a i h a y t h d n d a , phUdng Ddng h a y phQdng Tay, la nhd cd t a c d u n g ciia t d n giao, t i n ngUdng raa n h Q n g k h i a c a n h td't dep ve dao ly sd'ng,

''' NCS. Khoa Dan toe hoc va Nhan hpc, Hoc ^ Khoa hoc xa hoi.

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HM Q

trat tQ xa hdi, tai nguyen radi trQdng dQpc dara bao va duy tri"'". Nhlc de'n Hpi An, ngoai bieu tupng ehua Ciu. phd' Cd, Ll hpi Hoa dang, lang nghe truyen thd'ng, phd' ngUdi Hoa, phd' ngUdi Nhat, hdi quan Phuc Kie'n, thanh phd' cua mdi trUdng... ngUdi ta cdn nghi de'n "thanh phd' cua du lich". Bdi the, viec khai thac cac gia tri van hda truyen thd'ng nhU: tin ngUdng, Ie hdi, sinh hoat cdng ddng ciia cU dan ndi day trd thanh mpt yeu td' gdp p h i n to Idn vao viec phat trien hdn nQa loai hinh du lieh van hda tin ngQdng.

Bd phan cu dan ngUdi Hoa (sd' lupng chi dQng sau ngudi Viet) sinh sd'ng da gdp phin thuc day manh me cho thUdng cang qud'e te Hpi An phat trien v l ddng vai trd rat Idn dd'i vdi qua trinh hinh thanh sac thai van hda cua khd'i cpng ddng eU dan Hdi An.

2. Nhufng gia t r i tin ngifdfng t r o n g dc^i song ngiidi Hoa d Hoi An

2.2. Tin ngudng trong hogt dgng kinh texa hgi

Xu hudng kinh te rad, thdi dai the gidi phang ludn can sQ hdi nhap va chpn Ipc, SQ tiep bie'n ludn la rapt quy luat khd tranh; chinh bdi vay, dinh hudng trong viee gin giQ nhQng tinh hoa van hda ludn la mdt yeu cau khdng the xem nhe. d Hdi An ndi rieng va Viet Nam ndi chung, hien nay, tin ngUPng cd vai trd quan trpng trong hoat ddng kinh te xa hdi bdi nd dap Ung nhu elu kinh te cua rapt bd phan dan cU; ddng thdi la dpng lUc thuc day phat trien kinh te - xa hpi.

Ngay nay, toan elu hda - hdi nhap, dd thi hda dupe nhin nhan nhu radt xu hudng ta't ye'u va da trd thanh mdt lan sdng khdng ngQng gia tang manh me.

Nd thuc day md'i quan he, anh hudng,

Q ] NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA HOI

tac dpng l l n nhau, phu thudc vao nhau cua ta't ca eae khu vQe, cac qud'e gia, dan tdc, cae linh vUc tren toan the gidi.

Trong dd, cd sU bie'n ddng manh me ve dan eU, dd thi, tao nen nhieu thuan ldi nhQng cung khdng it thach thQc, b i t budc cae khu vuc, qud'e gia, dan toe tren toan ciu phai dd'i mat vdi nd, trong dd ed ea eac do thi di san van hda va thien nhien nhU Hdi An.

Hoat ddng kinh te chi'nh ciia ngudi Hoa khi di cQ sinh sd'ng tren lanh tho Viet Nam la thUdng nghiep va thu cdng nghiep. Ve kinh td', eae thUdng nhan ngUdi Hoa d Hpi An vl n giQ md'i lien he vdi ngUdi Hoa d ndi khac va que hUdng Trung Hoa. Cpng ddng ngQdi Hoa da ed ddng gdp quan trpng trong cdng cudc xay dung vung da't Hpi An vUng manh, ddng gdp vao qua trinh phat trien kinh te- van hda ndi day ndi rieng va Viet Nam ndi chung.

O Hpi An, tQ sau thdi ky md cxia thQc hien edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda da't nQdc va nha't la sau khi Hdi An dQpc cdng nhan la "Di san Van hda the gidi"

nam 1999; dd thi thanh phd' loai 3 thudc tinh Quang Nam nam 2008; Khu du trQ sinh quyen the gidi Cu Lao Cham - Hdi An nam 2009 da tao dieu kien thuan lpi thuc day sQ phat trien kinh te, van hda, xa hdi d Hdi An, vdi nhdm nganh kinh te mui nhpn la du lieh - dich vu thUdng mai. Tuy nhien, dieu dd cung dat ra nhieu van de dang quan tam tren gdc dp dan cQ. Cung vdi viec hie'n dpng dan so (td'c dp dd thi hda cang cao thi tl le tang dan so ed hpe cang Idn) giQa

' " N g u y i n Van Mmh. 2013, Ton sido tin ,, .w., - dan toe d vm Nam, Nxb. Khoa h o f x T h f t C t S ' ^ "''"

SO 3-2019

VO DUY NGHIA vung ndng thdn va thanh thi, dien tich

da't si£ dung phi ndng nghiep cung tang len rat nhanh... ThQc trang neu tren dat ap liic cho thanh pho cIn phai huy dpng tot cac ngudn iQc de cd the diu tu he thd'ng cd sd ha t i n g kinh te, ha t i n g dan sinh xa hpi phu hdp vdi muc tieu, chi tieu de ra thee tQng giai doan, phu hdp vdi vai trd cua rapt thanh phd', dd thi sinh thai - van hda - du lieh.

Hdi An dang la mdt dia phQdng phat trien manh, toan dien, tiem nang dd thi hda ra't nhanh va da dang. Hpi An xua't phat tQ tinh chat la mdt dd thi - trung tam du lich, dich vu, thQdng raai, van hda ciia tinb va khu vQc cho nen vQa cd CO hpi phat trien nhanh ve kinh te, giao iQu van hda nhUng eQng ddng thdi chiu sii tac dpng tieu cUc den hai gia tri quan trpng la y thQc ve tinh cpng ddng va radi tnldng tu nhien cua eon ngQdi. NgQdi tieu thudng d dd thi, edng ehQc trong cac cd quan nha nudc phan Idn gd'c gac lai la nhQng cU dan vung thdn que chuyen dich len phd' lam an sinh sd'ng. Trong qua trinh dich chuyen, hp mang theo mpi tu tudng, tac phong, Id'i hanh xii cQ va nhanh chdng tac ddng de'n nhQng nguyen tic ciia dd thi bdi y thQc td chQc va nhQng thdi quen cd' hQu. Hp vQa raudn thay ddi, vQa mud'n niu keo, luu giQ va bao tdn nhQng net van hda, kinh nghiem song cua vung que hp. Day la iQc can khong nhd trong qua trinh xay dQng nep song dd thi.

Tdng dan sd' Hpi An hien nay khdng Idn (dudi 100 nghin dan), nhQng vdi vi the dia ly, dia hinh, he sinh thai - sinh quyen, sinh thai nhan van vd cung phong phu, da dang, cung vdi b l day truyin thd'ng van hda, lich sii dan cQ da

5(13-2019

tao nen tinh each kha dac trUng eua ngUdi Hdi An. Dieu nay da tao luc day ngUpc chieu nhau: mot mat, tinh cd' ke't cpng ddng cd the tao sQe manh giup cpng ddng vQdt qua nhQng khd khan;

mat khac cung tao dieu kien cho Id'i sdng dd thi kha nhieu phien toai. NhQng nam gin day, Hdi An da cd nhUng thay ddi can ban ve quy hoach dd thi, dupc xem la kieu mlu trong viee ehinh trang phat trien thanh pho', md rdng cac khu dan cu theo dinh hUdng thanh phd'/dd thi Sinh thai - Van hda - Du lich. Dieu nay da tac dpng tieh cQc den ddi sd'ng cua dai da so' ngUdi dan tren nhieu mat, nha't la lo'i sd'ng.

Nhan dinh eiia Nguyen Cbi Trung ve vai trd eiia xa Minh Hudng cd sQc khai quat cho vung da't Hdi An va neu ra nhieu gdi md: "SQ hinh thanh va phat trien cua xa Minh HQdng vdi vai trd la rapt lang xa thUdng nghiep ddc dao trong he thd'ng quan ly hanh chanh cua nha nUde phong kien Dang Trong Viet Nara tQ the ky XVII-XIX la mdt trUdng hpp bet sQc dac biet. Nd da ddng vai trd quan trpng trong viec thuc ddy manh me sQ phat trien ndi tie'ng ciia do thi thUdng eang Hdi An. Nd eQng la mdt ddng gdp ddc dao ve loai hinh thiet che, td chQe lang xa d Dang Trong ndi rieng, Viet Nam ndi chung. Nd cung cd the gdi len nhieu suy nghi cho chung trong nhQng toan tinh phat trien ngay nay"'^'.

2.2. Tin ngUang mot bg phdn cdu thdnh vdn hda

Trong xa hdi hien dai, tin ngQdng cd vai trd quan trpng dd'i vdi sU can blng xa

'^' Ngiiyen Ngoc (chu bien, 2005), Tim hieu con ngiidi xii Qudng, Nxb. Da Nang, tr.530.

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdi Q ]

hdi, bdi nd cd kha nang dap Qng nhu ciu sinh hoat van hda tinh thin eua ddng dao eU dan, dong thdi cdn anh huong nhd't dinh den qua trinh phat trien kinh te' - xa hdi eua cdng dong, da't nUdc. Hien nay, tin nguong eiing "mudn mau mudn ve" va tdn tai, van hanh theo ehieu hUdng gia tang ea ve hinh thQc thUc hanh lln sd' ngUdi tham gia. 6 Hpi An ndi rieng, khu vUc ngUdi Hoa trong ca nUdc ndi chung, cae gia tri dac sic vln dUdc bao lUu khi thd'ng nha't.

Bd'i canh xa hdi hien thdi ed nhQng ddng iQc ddng thdi cung la nhUng ap liic cho sU tdn tai ciia tin ngudng dan gian.

Vdi tu each la mdt bd phan cua van hda, tin ngudng eua cdng ddng cQ dan ngudi Hoa cdn la mdi trQdng nay sinh, tie'p nd'i, tieh hpp va bao ton nhieu net dep trong sinh hoat van hda, nghe thuat ndi day.

Gia tri van hda tin ngQdng cua cdng ddng cQ dan ngudi Hoa the hien trUdc het qua viec giao lUu van hda. He thd'ng tin ngudng ndi day da cd sU tiep nhan, pha trdn giQa cac nen van hda Viet Cham - Hoa. ThQc te cho thay, nhieu tin ngudng ciia cdng ddng eU dan ngUdi Hoa cd ngudn gd'c ngoai lai nhU tin ngUSng thd NQ t h i n Thien Y A Na b i t ngudn tQ cdng ddng ngudi Cham. Tren cd sd tie'p nhan cac tin ngUdng ban dia nhu tin ngUdng thanh Hoang, t h i n Thu Bdn...

cpng ddng cU dan ngUdi Hoa da "ban dia hda" phu hdp vdi sinh hoat van hda truyen thd'ng cua cdng ddng cu dan minh va cung vdi nhQng tin ngUdng ban dia da gdp phan tao nen sU da dang, dac sic trong he thd'ng tin ngUdng eiia cpng dong cU dan ngUdi Hoa tai Hdi An.

Le nghi la mot phan ra't quan trpng trong viec thUe hien cac tin ngUdng.

Thdng qua cac the thQc nghi li, cdng

ddng cU dan ngUdi Hoa the hien dUpc Idng thanh kinh, tran trpng va tri an sau sic dd'i vdi cac vi than linh da giup d5, phu hd cho cudc sd'ng cua minh. Qua dd, ldi sd'ng, phong tue tap quan, nhQng net dep trong sinh boat van hda cua cpng ddng cu dan ndi day dupe phan anh, tai hien mdt each cu the, sinh dpng. Chinh nhQng dip l l hdi la cd hdi dd the hien ro dieu dd. Truyen thd'ng "ud'ng nUdc nhd ngudn" da an sau vao tam thQc ciia cdng ddng cu dan ngMOi Hoa ndi rieng va eiia mdi ngudi dan sd'ng tren dat Viet ndi chung. TQ khi di cQ sang Hpi An lap lang, lap a'p den nay, mac du trai qua bao thang trim, bie'n cd' lieh su!, cpng dong cQ dan ngUdi Hoa vln duy tri, tran trpng nhQng net dep van hda the hien qua tin nguong dupc truyen day tQ eac the he di trUde. Nhd vay, nhQng gia tri van hda nay ludn trQdng tdn va sd'ng mai vdi thdi gian.

GS. T r i n Ngpe Them cho ring, tin ngUdng dupc dat trong van hda td chQc ddi sd'ng ca nhan: "To chQc ddi sd'ng ea nhan la bp phan thQ hai trong van hda to chQc cpng ddng. Ddi sd'ng mdi ca nhan trong cpng dong dupc to chQc theo nhQng tap tuc dupc lan truyen tQ ddi nay sang ddi khac (phong tuc). Khi ddi sd'ng va trinh dp hieu biet cdn tha'p, hp tin tudng va ngUdng md vao nhQng than thanh do hp tudng tupng ra (tin ngUdng). Tin ngUdng cung la mdt hinh thQc td chQc ddi sdng ca nhan ra't quan trpng. TQ tQ phat len tu giac theo con dUdng quy pham hda thanh giao ly, cd giao chii, thanh dudng... tin ngQdng trd thanh ton giao"'^'. Xuat phat tU mong mud'n lam vui

«' Tran Ngoc Them, 1999, Ccf scf van hoa Viet Nam Nxb. Giao due, H, tr.262. * " ' ^ ' " • [ Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdi

Sd 3-2019

VO DUY NGHIA long thin linh nham c i u thinh, cau an

ve mpt cupc sd'ng a'm no. yen binh, ddng thdi tao khdng khi vui ve, thoai mai sau nhQng ngay lao dpng va't va ndi da't khach qud ngUdi; ben canh p h i n l l nghi trang trpng, thanh kinh, phan hpi trong cac ngay le Idn eua cpng ddng cU dan ngUdi Hoa nhU le Nguyen Tieu, Vu Lan, ll gid Tiln Hien, Hau Hien, via Quan Cong, via Thien Hau Thanh Mlu, via Luc Tanh VUdng Gia eQng ra't dupc chu trpng vdi cac trd ehdi dan gian sdi noi nhu mua lan, xin xam, dua ghe, lae thung, hdng da, bdng chuyen... dac biet la hat hdi, bai chdi. Thdng qua cac boat dpng nay, nhieu net dep van hda, nghe thuat dan gian dUdc bao iQu, giQ gin va tiep tuc phat huy trong thdi dai hien nay. Toe dp do thi hda cao, cupc sd'ng cua con ngUdi eang trd n§n sd bd, hd'i ha, luon chay dua vdi thdi gian, cdng viec thi vi§c duy tri nhQng net dep nay cang dang dupc tran trpng va gin giQ.

Ben canh dd, nghd thuat kiln true dac sac dupc the hien tren eac cd sd thd tU nhU dinh lang, nha thd tpc, cac hdi quan cung phan nao phan anh dQde nhQng gia tri ve mat van hda nghe thuat. Cac an thd cham khlc ndi, ma vang canh sinh hoat tam gidi het sQc long lly, uy nguy. Cae hinh trang tri nhu ludng long trieu nguyet, hinh tupng tQ linh dupe trang tri, cham khlc tinh xao, ti rai hay nhiing cau dd'i chQ Han mang nhieu y nghia sau sic iam ton them sQ uy nghiem, trang trpng ndi thd tU. Chinh nhflng hinh tUdng nay lam tdn them net

^ep van hda nghe thuat trong tin ngUdng ciia cpng dong eU dan ngUdi Hoa d thanh pho Hpi An, tinh Quang Nam.

Co the tha'y, trong qua trinh tdn tai va phat trien qua nhieu the he ngQdi Hoa

SK 3-2019

tai Hdi An, tin ngudng da tac ddng de'n ehieu sau tam thQc eon ngQdi. Khi di dan sang vung da't mdi, ngudi Hoa d Hdi An phai dd'i mat vdi nhilu khd khan, thii thach ma khdng ai cd the ludng trudc dQpc. Vdi nhQng khd khan a'y, cdng ddng cu dan ngudi Hoa da tira den than linh - rapt lUe lupng raa hp tin rang vdi sQc manh sieu nhien, t h i n ky, t h i n linh se ludn phu hp, ehe chd, giup dd hp vUdt len nhQng khd khan, vUdn len trong eupe sd'ng. Ngoai viec tudng nhd de'n cdng dn cua eae vi tien hien da cd cdng khai hoang lap lang trong tin ngudng thd Tien Hien; Thien Hau Thanh Mau da ed edng cQu giup ngQdi di bien trong tin ngQdng thd Thien Hau Thanh Mlu, Tao Quan giQ "Ilia" hanh phue hay vi t h i n Tai mang den sQ may rain, pbuc Idc cho gia dinh... thi cd the khang dinh ring, eae hinh thai tin ngUdng deu the hien udc mong than linh se ehe chd, ban phUde lanh mang de'n cudc sd'ng a'm no, hanh phuc cho mpi gia dinh. GS. Ngd DQc Thinh eho r i n g "Tin ngudng dupe hieu la niem tin cua con ngUdi vao cai gi dd thieng lieng, cao ca, sieu nhien, hay ndi gpn lai la niem tin, ngudng vpng vao "cai thieng", dd'i lap vdi eai "tran tuc", hien hQu ma ta ed the sd md, quan sat dupe.

Co nhieu loai niem tin, nhUng d day niem tin cua tin ngUdng la niem tin vao

"cai thieng". Do vay, niem tin vao eai thieng thudc ve ban cha't cua eon ngudi, nd la nhan to' cd ban tao nen ddi sd'ng tam linh ciia con ngUdi, cung nhU gid'ng ddi sd'ng vat cha't, ddi sd'ng xa hdi tinh thin, tu tudng, ddi sd'ng tinh cam..."*"'.

>" Ngo Diic Thinh (chu bien, 2001), Tin ngiMng ud ndn hoa tin ngudng d Viet Nam, Nxb. Khoa hoc xa hpi, H, tr.l6.

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOl Q |

Ngudi Hoa d Hdi An cung quan niera ring, than linh se ludn d ben canh, quan sat va biet dUdc ta't ea viec lam cua hp.

Ne'u sd'ng td't va ludn tdn thd t h i n linh, hp se dUdc t h i n linh cbQng giam va ban phudc lanh. NgUde lai, thin linh se qud mlng, trQng phat ne'u hp lam nhQng viee sai trai. Chinh vi niem tin dd raa cpng ddng eU dan ngUdi Hoa ludn cd' gang hoan thien minh, sd'ng cd tam, cd dao dQc, hQdng de'n nhQng dieu chan - thien - mi vdi niem tin vao mdt cupc sd'ng a'm no, du day. Thdng qua dd, nhQng gia tri, net dep van hda trong tin ngudng eiia cdng ddng cU dan ngUdi Hoa dupe giQ gin, bao iQu va phat huy trong mpi hoan canh.

Tie'p bie'n van hda la qua trinh bie'n ddi van hda dien ra do su tie'p xue eiia hai he thd'ng van hda rieng re ma ke't qua la lam cho chung ngay cang trd nen gid'ng nhau. Su giao iQu va tiep bien van hda khdng cd nghia la cac nen van hda do se hi ddng hda mdt each hoan toan ma dd chi la sU bie'n ddi cac thanh to cua nen van hda dd cho phu hdp va cac nen van hda van giQ dQpc tinh rieng biet cua minh. Cd the du bao mpt sd' xu hQdng phat trien van hda nhU: "Xu hudng trd ve cpi ngudn khie'n sU tai tao van hda cd truyen se phat trien manh hdn trong sQ phat trien qud'e te, trong bd'i eanh toan elu hda. Tuy nhien, sQ tai tao van hda cd truyen trong radt xa hdi phat trien, trong bd'i canh cdng nghiep hda se khdng tranh khdi tinh trang bien dang trong van hda cd truyen"'^'.

2.3. Tin ngudng trong dmh cU vd phdt triin

Diem chung cua tin ngUdng cdng ddng la giup quay tu nhQng con ngudi trong mdt khd'i gan ke't ben chat, thieng lieng.

Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Hdi

Nd giup cung ed' md'i quan he tUdng tac giQa con ngudi trong mdt edng ddng, raang den gia tri nhan van khdng the phu nhan. Khi nhQng ngQdi trong cung mdt tdn giao, mdt cpng ddng rpng idn an ui, chia se vdi nhau, dpng vien va Ian tda nhQng nang lupng tinh t h i n tich cQc, vai trd thie't thuc ciia tdn giao, tin ngQdng dupc khang dinh va phat huy mdt each thiet thQc. DQc tin cua mdt cdng ddng thQdng giQ cho nhQng ehuan mQc dao dQc khdng bi xd lech, cd vai trd ngan ngQa cai ac, hQdng thien va tao ra nhQng net van hda cd kha nang lan tda.

Trong ddi sd'ng cua ngUdi Hoa d Hpi An, hai loai hinh di san van hda vat the va phi vat the ludn dUdc duy tri va tao ra nhQng ddng gdp thie't thQc dd'i vdi sQ phat trien cua kinh te - xa hpi- van hda chinh tri. NhQng hpi quan la khdng gian van hda tam linh mang tinh quy tu va ed' ket edng ddng. NhQng l l hpi cau raay, ciu an... dUpe duy tri nhU mpt sU khang dinh raanh me cua tin ngudng dan gian tdn tai de'n ngay nay.

Hpi quan vdi eac nghi l l hien tdn la mdi trUdng van hda mang tinh tap trung cua ngUdi Hoa d Hdi An giup cho nhQng cU dan d day dupc giao iQu, gi n ke't mpt each sau sic. Chinh dieu nay da tao ra mdt cdng ddng cd chung muc tieu, khat vpng va sQ hai hda ldi ieh se dem den sU ddng thuan cao - mot ye'u to' quan trpng de xay dung va phat trien ddi sd'ng.

Giao luu va tiep bien trong van hda la quy luat mang tinh ta't ye'u ma mdi mpt khu vQc, quo'c gia dan tdc, tpc ngQdi, tham chi tQng nhdm dia phudng tdc '^'Duong Phu H,ep (chu bien 2010), Nghien ciu vdn qu6c ^ a . ' H . S . ""'' ^^^- ^hfnh tri

SO 3-2019

v o DUY NGHIA ngUdi k h d n g t h e k h o n g v a n h a n h t h e o .

NgUdi Hoa d Viet N a m ndi c h u n g v a thanh p h d Hdi An, t i n h Q u a n g N a m noi rieng eung chiu t a c d p n g c u a q u y l u a t do, dac hiet vdi d a c d i e m c u a V i e t N a m la quo'c gia da tdc ngUdi, cac d a n tpc cQ t r u xen ke n h a u t h u d n g x u y e n ed md'i q u a n he tpc ngUdi t r e n ta't ea cac phUOng d i e n mpt each c h a t che.

Tin ngUdng k h d n g chi ed gia t r i t a m linh, v a n h d a n g h e t h u a t m a edn m a n g y nghia v l m a t lieh sii. TrUdc h e t , t h d n g qua eac tin ngUdng va b i e u h i e n c u a t i n ngQdng giup cho viec k h a o cQu lich sii hinh t h a n h va p h a t t r i e n , ddi sd'ng v a n hoa cua edng d o n g cQ d a n ngQdi H o a t a i Hpi An dQde de d a n g , cu t h e . T r o n g do, the hien rd nha't q u a viec x a y d u n g cac hpi quan, N h a t h d T i e n H i e n , H a u H i e n . Day la ndi t h d t u cac vi t i e n h i e n , h a u hien, nhQng ngQdi cd cdng d i u t i e n t r o n g viec k h a i h o a n g lap l a n g , x a y d u n g n e n cpng ddng cU d a n n g u d i H o a t a i H d i A n va tdn t a i eho d e n n g a y n a y . Q u a t i n ngifdng thd t i e n h i e n , h a u h i e n p h i n n a o khlc hpa dupc q u a t r i n h h i n h t h a n h cong ddng cU d a n ngUdi H o a t a i H p i A n . Ben canh dd, n h a t h d t i e n h i e n , h a u h i e n va cac hpi q u a n edn chQa diing n h Q n g gia tri lich sii vd gia, g a n lien vdi t i e n t r i n h di dan s a n g Hpi A n c u a ngUdi H o a . NhQng gia t r i lich svL n a y se m a i t d n t a i va di cung n a m t h a n g vdi n g u d i edng ddng cQ d a n ngUdi H o a t a i Hpi A n h d m nay, cung nhQ se dUde b a o t d n , t r u y e n (iat va p h a t h u y cho n h Q n g t h e h e k e tie'p ve net dep v a n h d a t r u y e n thd'ng. B e n canh dd, cac t i n ngUdng va b i e u h i e n ciia tin ngUdng cd gia t r i nhU t a i l i e u thU t i c h , phan anh lich sxi cua cpng d d n g cQ d a n ngiidi Hoa t a i Hdi An, d i e u dd c u n g cho SO 3-2019

tha'y s u giao lUu v a n h o a cua cdng ddng cu d a n ngudi Hoa vdi cac Idp cU d a n k h a c t a i Hpi An, m a cu t h e l a cac h i n h t h a i t i n n g u d n g eiia cpng ddng ngudi Hoa ndi d a y da t h e h i e n dUdc sU gap gd, giao lUu va t i e p b i e n v a n h d a Viet - C h a m - Hoa.

T h d n g q u a cac h i n h t h a i t i n ngQdng, cdng d d n g cU d a n n g u d i H o a cd cd hdi xich l a i g a n n h a u , t h d n g cam va giup dd l a n n h a u t r o n g cupc sd'ng. Gia t r i xa hdi t h e h i e n rd q u a cac h o a t dpng t r o n g t i n ngUdng e u a edng ddng cU d a n ngUdi Hoa t a i Hdi A n . Vao n h Q n g dip e u n g ky, le, t e t , n g a y via, cpng ddng cU d a n ngUdi H o a t a i H d i A n t a m gae h e t mpi cdng viec, n h Q n g bpn be, lo t o a n ciia cupc sd'ng de h d a vao k h d n g k h i v u i tUdi, n a o n h i e t m u a le hpi. V a o n h Q n g n g a y n a y cdng d d n g cU d a n ngUdi Hoa cd ed hdi dUdc s u m h p p , t e tUu b e n n h a u t a i cac hdi q u a n h a y n h a t h d t i e n hien, h a u h i e n . . . de t h a m gia va t h u c h i e n nhQng n g h i le e u n g n h u gap gd, hdi t h a m sQc k h d e , d p n g vien, giup do n h a u t r o n g cupe sd'ng.

H i e n n a y s a u p h i n le, p h a n hdi c u n g dupe td chQc l i n h d i n h vdi sU h u d n g Qng v a t h a m gia n h i e t t i n h ciia ngUOi chdi.

T a i t h d i k h l c n a y , con e h l u , cdng d d n g ngUdi H o a d a k h d n g cdn k h o a n g each nQa, mpi xich mieh, b i e m khich, v a c h a m t r o n g eudc sd'ng h l n g n g a y d e u dUdc s a n la'p, luc n a y chi h i e n hQu rapt t i n h t h i n d o a n k e t v a quye't t h i n g .

N h u v a y , gia t r i xa hdi Idn nha't, de n h a n tha'y nha't t r o n g t i n ngUdng cua cpng d d n g cU d a n ngUdi Hoa do la v a i t r d cd' k e t cdng ddng, giup dd l l n n h a u t r o n g cupc song. Cac h o a t ddng t i n ngQdng c h i n h la sdi d a y lien k e t keo cdng ddng ngQdi H o a t a i Hpi A n xich lai g a n n h a u , h i e u n h a u v a sd'ng td't h d n . N h d vay, cude NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI Q ]

sd'ng eua cdng ddng cQ dan ngudi Hoa tai Hpi An dupc yen vui, xa hdi dn dinh, gia dinh hanh phuc.

3. Ket luan

Ban sic van hda mdi dan toe ludn la tdng the nhQng gid tri ben vQng dUde tieh luy qua nhieu nam, nhQng tinh hoa van hda vat chat va van hda tinh t h i n lara nen nhQng gia tri dac sac, ddc dao.

Ne'u nhQ van hda la ddng iQc cua sQ phat trien, la nen tang tinh t h i n cua xa hpi, thi nhQng tin ngQdng dan gian ludn la sQe raanh gin ke't, quy tu tinh earn, tu tudng cua con ngudi trong mdt ehinh t h 4 Trong xu the toan ciu hda hien nay, van hda ndi chung, nhQng tin ngUdng dan gian ndi rieng ludn dQng trQdc nhQng thich thQc khdng nhd de hao tdn va phat huy. S Q giao iQu tie'p bien van hda cQng la mdt cd che khac cua bie'n ddi van hda, dd la su trao doi nhQng dac tinh van hda nay sinh khi cac cpng ddng tiep xuc trQc dien va lien tuc. Mae dQ, sQ bie'n ddi trong tin ngUdng eua ngUdi Hoa edn dUpc xem xet dudi tac ddng ciia sU bie'n ddi ndi sinh va nhQng tae dpng ciia su bien ddi v l mdi trUdng tu nhien - xa hdi...

Van hda ngudi Hoa d Hdi An cd dUde sU tieh iQy, sQ thich nghi nhQng cd't Idi v l n la nhQng gia tri truyen thd'ng dUpc bao ve va giQ gin qua nhieu the he. Tuy sinh tdn 6 rapt vQng dat radi, nhQng eon ngUdi trong cQng mdt edng ddng ludn y thQc ve ngudn gdc va sQ tUdng trd mat thie't. Cdng ddng ngUdi Hoa d thanh phd' Hdi An ngay rapt hpi nhap vao cpng ddng ngudi Viet ndi rieng, hdi nhap khu vUc va the gidi ndi chung. NhUng ddi sd'ng van hda, tin ngudng, nhQng da'u a'n mang net dac trUng dan tdc v l n

Q NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XAHOI

dupc luu giQ kha dam net. Dd la nhQng tin hieu dang tran trpng de dUa cpng ddng ngUdi Hoa ngay cang cd nhQng ddng gdp thie't thuc, hieu qua vao qua trinh bao tdn, phat huy eac gia tri van hda t r u y i n thd'ng, phat trien van hda, xa hpi eua thanh phd' Hdi An, tinh Quang Nam.

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Le Duy Anh, Le Hoang Vinh (2004), Ldn gid lich si - vdn hod mien Thudn - Qudng, Nxb. Da Nang.

2. Le Duy Anh (2009), Le hgi ud vdn hda ddn gian xii Qudng, Nxb. Quan dpi nhan dan.

3. Dd Bang (1996), Phd' cdng vung Thudn - Qudng the ky XVH- XVHI, Nxb.

Thuan Hda, Hue.

4. Le Quy Ddn (1997), Phd bien tgp luc, Nxb. Khoa hpe xa hpi, Ha Ndi.

5. Ngoc Ha (2011), Tin ngUdng, phong tuc vd nhiing kieng ky trong ddn gian, Nxb. Van hda thdng tin. Ha Npi.

6. Chau Hai (1997), Cdc nhdm cdng ddng ngudi Hoa d Viet Nam, Nxb. Khoa hpc xa hdi. Ha Ndi.

7. Nguyin Trung Hieu (2014), Bd thi cd Hgi An - Di sdn vdn hda the gidi, Nxh.

Thdi dai. Ha Noi.

8. Vd Duy Nghia (2015), Tin ngUdng cua cdng ddng cU ddn ngUdi Viet gdc Hoa d thdnh phd Hgi An, tinh Qudng Nam, Luan van thac si Viet Nam hpc, Hpe vien Khoa hpe xa hdi, Ha Npi.

9. Hoang Minh Nhan (2001), Hgi An - Bi sdn vdn hda the gidi, Nxb. Thanh Nien Ha Ndi.

10. Dang Viet Ngoan (1991), Bo thi cd Hgi An, Nxb. Khoa hpc xa hdi. Ha Ndi

Sd 3-2019