TAP CHl GONG THIfGNG
TR0 GIUP XA HOI
NGlTCfl DON THAN NGHEO NUOI CON NHO TREN DIA BAN TINH KHANH HOA
• LE NGOC DUNG - LE TRUNG DAO
TOM TAT:
Bdi Viet nay nghien effu, phan ticb ve thtfc trang ddi sdng ctia ngtfdi ddn than ngheo nudi con nho dang dtfdc btfdng trd giilp xd hgi tren dia ban tinb Khdnh Hda, thong qua ket qua dieu tra xa hpi hpc thtfc hien trong thdng 5 ndm 2019 tai 5 dja bdn thuoc tinb Kbanh Hda.
TiJf khoa: Ngtfdi ddn thdn ngheo nudi con nhd, trd giiip xa bdi, tinb Kbanh Hda.
1. Ldi md d^u
Trd giup xa hoi (TGXH) la mot trong nhffng cbinh sdch xa hgi cdban eiia qud'c gia de trd giiip ngffdi ngheo, nhdm ye'u the' va de bi ton thtfdng dn dinh cupc Sd'ng va tai hda nhdp cgng dong. TGXH khong ebi Id trd ed'p xd hgi (nhtf b6 trd bang lien hoac hien vdt ciia Cbinh pbii va ctia cdng ddng) cho cdc ddi ttfdng htfdng ldi cd the duy tri mffe sd'ng to'i thieu ma rpng bdn con Id stf bao dam cuoc so'ng an loan, binh dang, hanh pbiie va phat trien eiia nhdn ddn. Vi vdy, TGXH la mot trong nhffng tru col mong mud'n khdng the tach rdi ciia he thdng an sinh xd hgi.
Ngtfdi ddn than (NDT) thupc dien hg ngheo nuoi con nbd Id mpt trong eac dd'i ttfdng dtfdc btfdng TGXH theo quy djnb tai Ngbi dmh so' 136/2013/ND-CP. Bai vie't tap trung vdo nhdn dien dac diem ed nhdn, ddi sd'ng, stfc khoe cung nhtf nguyen vgng ctia NDT thupc dien hp ngheo nudi eon nbd iren dja ban linb Khanh Hda thdng qua ke't qua dieu tra xa hgi hpc tbtfc bien trong thdng 5 nam 2019 tai 5 dia bdn thudc tinh Khdnh Hda.
2. Phtfdng phap nghien cu'u va dO lieu Bai nghien effu pbtfdng phap djnh tinb dtfdc sif dung nham xdy dtfng be thd'ng lieu chi nhdn dien dd'i ttfdng TGXH. Cde ky thudt cu the dtfdc sif dung irong nghien ctfu nhtf phtfdng phdp chgn mdu cd
muc dich, tbu tbdp dff lieu md, pbdn tich van ban, so' lieu thff ed'p, tdng bdp vd giai thich cac ke't qua tim tha'y. Ke't hdp vdi ky thudt phdng va'n trtfc tie'p thdng qua bang cau bdi dieu tra dtfdc xay dtfng tU qud trinb tdng quan tdi lieu, phdng vd'n sdu vd thao ludn nhdm. Nghien effu sff dung phie'u khao sat dtfdc xay dtfng tren 40 chi tieu. Cd ca'u mdu dtfdc phdn bd nbtf sau: (Bang 1)
Bdng 1. Tong hop thdng ke mau khdo sot
TT
1 2 3 4 5
D|a ban khao sat
long so TP. Nha Trang Thi xa Ninh Hoa Huyen Khanh Vinh Huyen Van Ninh Huy§n Dien Khanh
long so (ngudi) 31
4 14 3 7 3
Tyll
(%)
100 12.9 461 9.7 22.6 9.7 Nguon: Ket qud khdo sdi cua lac gia
Tren ed sd sd lieu dtfdc thu thap ve, nghien cik siif dung mot sd phtfdng phdp pbdn tich thdng ke cd ban. Thd'ng ke md la vdi cdc cbi tieu nbtf trung binh, tan sd, tan sud't...
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3. Nh§n didn d6i ttfrfng TGXH la NDT 3.1. Bgc diem NBI
Cd ed'u gidi tinh ctia NDT chu yeu la nff va dan tpc Kinh. Ke't qua kbdo sdt cho thd'y nff chie'm 87,5% tdng so' ngtfdi kbdo sat, ti-ong kbi nam cbi chidm 12,5%, Ddn tdc Kinb cbiem 61,29% tren tdng so ngtfdi tham gia trd ldi cau hdi nay, itfdng ffng la 38,71 % chd cac ddn tdc kbdc.
Tudi trung binh ciia nhffng NDT ebii ye'u tff 31 de'n 50 tudi. Dtfa theo nam sinh ciia ngtfdi dtfdc kbao sdt de phan thanh 3 nhdm ludi Id Nhd hdn 31 ludi. Iff 31 - 50 tudi va tren 50 tuoi. Ke't qud kbao sdt cbo thd'y, ty \& NDT tif 31 - 50 tuoi cbiem so' dong 75%, cbi cd 9,4% sd NDT dtfdc khao sat la nbd bdn 3 Ituoi, 15,6% cd dp tudi trong khoang tren 50 tudi. (Hinh 1)
Tinh trang hon nhdn cua nhifng NDT chii yeu la goa phu. Ke't qua khdo sdt ebo tha'y vdi ty le NDT Id goa phu chiem 70,97%, con lai Id H di 9,68% vd 19,35% cho nhffng trtfdng hdp kbdc.
Hinh 1: Do tuoi cua ngU&i di/dc khao sat Tren 50 tuoi
Tir 31 den 50 tuoi 75.0%
Hinh 2: Tinh trgng si^c khoe NDT
3.2. Thong tin chung ve sdc khoe NBT Hien nay, nhffng NDT da phan deu cd su'c khde lot. Cd den 56,3% sd NDT dtfdc kbdo sdt ed sffc khde td't, trong khi ty le nhffng ngtfdi ed su'c khoe kem ebi la 6,2% va con Iai 37,5% cd sffc khde binh thtfdng. (ffinb 2)
NDT da phan khdng mac benh. Ke't qua khdo sat cho thd'y, NDT khdng mac benh chie'm 67,7%, cdn lai Id mac benh ve bai liet; tim, mach; b^nh ve tai, mat; benh ve rang; benh suy giam tri nhd.
(Hinh 3)
+ Khd ndng van dgng, Kha nang tham gia lao dong
Nbin chung, td't ca NDT tham gia khao sat deu cd kha nang van ddng va phan Idn cdn kha ndng tham gia lao dgng. Vdi ke't qua khao sdt, ta nhan thay rdng, so'ngtfdi khdng cdn khd ndng tham gia lao ddng chie'm ty le tuy khong nbieu nhtfng cung ddng de danh gid (12,5%). Cdn Iai phan ldn nhffng NDT dtfdc khao sat deu cd khd ndng tham
gia lao dong tao thu nhdp.
3.3. Thiic trgng ddi sd'ng cua NBT trin dia ban tinh Khdnh Hoa
+ Ttnh trgng sinh sdng Da sd NDT sd'ng cbung vdi ngtfdi ed nghTa vu phiing dtfdng va kbdc.
Ke't qud kbdo sat cbo thd'y rang, NDT sd'ng chung vdi ngtfdi cd nghia vu phung dtfdng chie'm 25,0% va khde chie'm 59,4%; ty !e NDT so'ng mpt minh van cdn (chiem 12,5%). (Hinh 4)
+ Banh sdch hg ngheo Hien nay, NDT chii ye'u Id ngtfdi ngheo. Ke't qua nghien effu eho thd'y, khoang 96,8% NDT thudc b6 ngheo va chi cd 3,2%
NDT khong nam trong danh sdch bp ngheo.
+ Tlnh trgng sd hdu nhd
Phan ldn NDT dang sd hffu nbd d. Ddy la dieu kien vdt chd't, giup NDT ed the sd'ng va sinh boat Nguon: Ket qud klido sdt cua tdc gid
Ngudn: Ket qud khdo sdt ciia tdc gid
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TAP CHJ CONG THirUNB
Hinh 3: Cac benh thifdng mdc d NDT
Nguon: Ket qud khdo sdt ciia tdc gid
Hinh 4: Tlnh trgng song cua NDT Khac
59.4%
Sons 1 minh
^
Song cung ngirai nhan cham soc ta]
cong dong 3 1%
thoai mdi. Ty le sd NDT sd hffu nhd chie'm 80,6%.
Mot sd NDT vdn dang trong tinh trang nha tbue vd khac (cbiem 19,4%).
NDT sd hffu nbd va d nhd bdn kign co'nbieu hdn, gd'p 2,5 lan so vdi nha kien cd'. Trong so' nhffng NDT cd nhd ebii sd hffu, ed khoang 70,0%
NDT sd hffu nhd bdn kien cd va 26,7% NDT sd hffu nhd kien cd'. Dd'i vdi nha lam bd, van cdn 3,3%
NDT sd hffu nha dang ndy.
+ Tinh trgng thu nhdp vd chi tieu Trong cuoc kbdo sdt nghien effu NDT co 6 loai chi tieu dffde de cap gdm: Chi an ud'ng, Chi ehffa benh, Cbi tbue nha, Cbi tien hoc, Cbi giao te va Cbi khac. Ke't qua kbdo sdt ve hoat dgng chi lieu hdng thang eiia NDT tap trung chu y6'u 2 loai chi la Chi dn ud'ng vd Cbi lien hoc cho eon vdi mffe
cbi binb qudn Id 1.559 ngan ddng va 865 ngan ddng. Cde chi phi nhff Chi giao le' va Cbi chifa benh cung dtfdc nhilu NDT s^ dung vdi mifc chi binh qudn la 566,7 ngan ddng vd 483,3 ngan J ddng. (Bang 2) . ^ Benliverang f ^ g j ^d 5 n g u d o ihu
\W gom nguon ttf trd giup xa bdi thtfdng xuyen, trd gilip dot xua't, tff ngtfdi than, ttf td chtfc ngoai nhd ntfdc va tham gia lao dong. Trong dd, bau hdt NDT cd eac ngudn thu chinh tff ngffdi tbdn vd tham gia lao dgng. Ket qua khao sat eho thd'y, cd 27/31 ngffdi cd ngudn thu tff TGXH vdi mffe thu binb qudn Id 570,7 ngdn ddng vd 27/31 ngtfdi cd ngudn tff tham gia lao ddng vdi mtfe thu binh quan la 2.434,8 ngan dong. Ket qua nghien ctfu cung cho thd'y, cd sif chenh lech ra't Idn giffa s6' tien NDT nhan dtfdc trong moi ngudn thu.
(Bdng 3) 3.4. Thdc trgng nhu cdu, ky vgng NBT Mtfe do mong mudn ciia NDT btfdng TGXH cd stf tdng dan, ttf rd't it den ra't cao vd phan ldn d mdc nhu cau mong mud'n eao vd rd't cao. Cu the, vdi mong mud'n rd't it chiem 2,20%, mong mud'n it thi 1,50%, binh thtfdng (hoac la trung lap) la 10,20%, vdi mong mud'n mffe do eao chiem 29,90% vd cud'i cung Id mong mudn ra't cao Id nbieu nhd't vdi 56,20% va ra't nhieu NDT quan tam d mffe do ra't cao, chie'm hdn 86,1%.
(Hinh 5)
Nbu cau ehii ye'u cua NDT Id trd ed'p hdng thdng va phdt trien kinh te. Kel qua khdo sat cho thd'y, 100% NDT ddnh gid ve nbu cau trd ca'p bang thdng va phat trien kinb le' la mong mud'n va rat mong mud'n. Ben canh dd, nhu cau kham chffa
Song cung nguoi CO nghia \"u phung dufing ,
25,0%
Nguon: Ke't qud khdo sdt cua tdc gid
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Bdng 2. Hien Irqng chi tieu NDT dang hadng TGXH
1 Tmng binh Tong chi lieu
Chi an uong Chi chOa benh Chi thue nha Chi tien hoc Chi giao te Chi l<hac
2361,0 1559,0 483,3 200,0 865,4 566,7 168,3
Nho nhal 500,0 200,0 100,0 200,0 100,0 100,0 60,0
Ldn nhat 6100.0 4000,0 1000,0 200,0 3000,0 800,0 500,0
DVT.
DO Igch chuan (502,) 941,2 318,9
923,6 181,5 167,6
WOO aSng N 31 31 6 1 13 18 12 Nguon: Kel qud khdo sdt cua tdc gid Bang 3. Hien trqng thu nhap cua NDT dang hudng TGXH
Tang thu nh^p Tro giup xa h6i Tro giup dot xuat TLI ngudi than TLJ to chLJc ngoai nha nudc Lao dong
Tmng binh 3688,6
570,7 1360,0 5.000,0 610,0 2434,8
Nho nhat 108,0 108,0 500,0 600,0 100,0 400,0
Ldn nhat 12600,0 1800,0 2000,0 12000,0 1000,0 4800,0
DVT, Dd Igch chuan
2399,0 329,4 731,4 5083,3 438,3 1081,3
1000 dong N 31 27 6 4 10 27 Nguon: Ke't qud khdo sdt ciia tdc gid Hinh 5: Ccf ed'u mOc do mong mud'n cua NDT hi/dng TGXH
29.90%'
10.20^''' ^ H
I I
Mong muon rat it Mong muon it binh thuong Mong muon cao Mong muon rat
Ngudn: Ke't qud khdo sdt cua tdc gid
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TAP CHJ CQNG THIfdNG
b6nh eung diTdc nhieu NDT quan lam, ty 16 ddnh gid mong mud'n va rd't mong muo'n chie'm den 96,4%. Cdn vdi mong muo'n khde nhdHd trd vui chdi giai tri, Hd trd ldm nha, eai tao nha d difdc rd't it NDT quan tdm. (Hinh 6)
gia lao dong. Da so' NDT sd'ng chung vdi ngi/di cd ngbia vu phung du'dng va kbdc NDT chu y6'u Id ngifdi ngheo. Phan ldn NDT dang sd biJu nhS d dang bdn kien co nhieu hdn, gd'p 2,5 lan so vdi nhd kien co'; va cd 5 nguon tbu gom nguon til trcl
Hinh 6: Cd cau cdc mong mud'n cua NDT dang hUdng TGXH
Phat tnen kmh te
Ho tra vui choi siai tri
37.50 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^M
Cham soc siic khoe ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ H ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ l
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
* Mong mu6n rat it • Mong muon it • binh Hiuong Mong muon cao • Mong muon rat cao 100
Nguon. Ke't qud khdo sdt ciia tdc gid
NhiT vay, NDT mong mudn rat nbi6u thii', ddy ciing la ed sd khang dinh, bo quan tdm dS'n nbieu vd'n de cd lien quan de'n minh, nhifng tren he't, bp quan tdm nha't de'n "trd ca'p bang thdng" ciing vdi
"phdt trid'n kinh tS'" vd hp il quan tam nha't la "vui chdi giai tri".
4. Ket lu§n
Dac diem cua NDT du'dc khdo sdt ebu ye'u la nS, dan toe Kinb, cd tuoi trung binh chu yeu tif 31 de'n difdi 50 tudi. Tinh trang hon nhan chu yeu Id gda phu. Hien nay, nhtfng NDT da phan deu cd su'c khde td't, chi cd mdt so mdc benh vl bai Ii6t; tim, mach; benh ve tai, mat; benh ve rang; benh suy giam tri nbd.
Ta't ea NDT tham gia khao sat deu cd khd nang van dong va phan Idn cdn kha ndng tham
gilip xd hoi, trd giup dot xud't, ttf ngu'di tbdn, tif to cbiJc ngodi nhd nu'dc va tham gia lao dong. Trong dd, hau he't NDT CO cac nguon thu chinb iCfngif&i tbdn vd tham gia lao dong. Chi tieu cua NDT cd 6 loai gom: Cbi an ud'ng, Cbi chifa benh, Cbi thue nbd, Cbi lien hoc, Chi giao te va Chi khac; trong do, boat dong chi lieu hang thang cua NDT tap trung chu ye'u 2 loai chi Id Cbi an ud'ng vd Chi tien hpc.
Mdc do mong mud'n cua NDT cd sif tang din vd phan ldn d mdc nhu cau mong mud'n cao va rat cao. Nhu cau ebu ye'u cua NDT la trd ed'p hang thang vd phat trien kinh te, it quan tam nhd't Id "vui chdi gidi tri" vd mong muo'n eua bo la difdc tang mdc bd trd vdi hinh thdc tien mat va mud'n thu tuc ddn gidn •
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
; Chinh phu (2013), Nglii dinh .so 136/2013/ND-CP. ban hdnh ngdy 21/10/2013. Qin dinh cliinh sdch trdgiiipXi hdi dd'i vdi ddi tugng bdo tra xd hoi.
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Ngay nhan bai: 5/11/2019
Ngay plian bi^n danh gia va su'a chiJa: 15/11/2019 Ngay clia'p nh^n dang bai: 25/11/2019
Thong tin tac gia:
TtlS. LE NGOC D C N G TS. LE TRUNG DAO
TrU&ng Dai bpe Tai chinli-Marlteting
SOCIAL ASSISTANCE FOR POOR SINGLE PEOPLE RAISING CfflLDREN IN KHANH HOA PROVINCE
• MA. LE NGOC DUNG
• PtlD. LE TRUNG DAO University of Finance - Marl<eting
ABSTRACT:
This paper researches and analyzes the living conditions of poor single people raising children who are receiving social assistance in Khanh Hoa province, through the results of sociological surveys conducted in May. 2019 in 5 areas of Khanh Hoa province.
Keywords: Poor single person raising young children, social assistance, Khanh Hoa province.
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