Ngo Thi Thu Trang T^p ehi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHi: 98(10). 121 - 124
TINH CAM \i:v N U O C C UA \ U PHAM I QUA M O T SO BAI THO ( HU HAN
Ngo Thj Thu Trang Tniimg Dai hqe Swpham 1)11 Viui \myi'»
TOM TAT
VuPh?im Ham(l864 1906) que o king Don Ihn.hnveu I hanh Oai, tinh Ihl kiv (luiy thiioc Ha Noi). Ong la nguai eo nhieu dong gop cho nen van hoa. giiio due nuoc nhii Ong sung va hoat dpng trong mpt giai doi^in dat nude tirng budc roi viio tay bpn Ihgc diin Qua nhirng bai Iha chu Han cua ong cluing la cam nluin duge Uim su u hoai Irude Ihdi eupc vii nioi lam long yeu nuoc kin dao. Tuv chua bpc Id ibanh nhCtng hanh dong cu ihe nhung ihiii dp va tinh cam cua ong doi vdi djt nude cung la mpt dieu diing U'Sn liong.
Til khPa: I'M Phqni Hdm. ciiin the ki \l\. iho chir Hdn. yeu nude, danh nhdn vim hda
Vn Pham Ham (1864 - 1906). tu la Miuig Hai. hieu Thu Tri. nguoi lang Ddn Thu.
huyen Thanh Gai. tinh Ha fay (nav thudc Ha Noi). Ngav tir nho dng da dirae nggi ea la "rat thdng mmh. hoe gidi cd tieng. mgi ngudi van ggi ong la than ddng" (4. 922] Ong la mdl trong ba vi Tam nguyen cua lich sir thi eu Han hgc (cimg voi Nguyen khuyen. Tran Bich San) va la danh nhan ed nhieu ddng gdp cho nen van boa. giao due nude nha thdi ky cudi the ky .Xl.X dau the ky X,\ Dii tudi ddi ngan ngui nhung dng da de lai nhieu ang tha ca. cau ddi tuyet lac dugc ngudi ddi sau yeu men va danh gia eao. Tac pham eua dng cd ea chir Han va chu Ndm. trong dd chu yeu la nhirng sang tae viel bang chd Han. Su nghiep trude tac cua Vu Pham Ham tuy khdng phai do so nhung nhirng gi dng de lai ral dang duge Iran trgng.
Vu Pham Ham song va boat dgng trong giai doan rdi ren day bien dgng. Liie bay gid. Ihgc dan Phap da chiem dirge nude ta. trieu dinh nha Nguyin van tdn tai song thuc chat chi la bii nhin tay sai. C) vao thdi ky van nude gian nan nhu vay, nha Nho chan chinh nhu Vu Pham Ham ehae han khdng the khdng ed nhung tam su, nhii'ng ndi niem ve nude, ve dan. Qua cac bai tha chu- Han eiia dng ngudi doc cd the nhan thay tam Idng yeu nude kin dao. Mac dii nigm ai qude ky ddi khi cdn chua bpc Id rd thanh nhirng hanh ddng cu the TeillOIS 176762. Email ngolluiirang2()07''iiigimiilc.
nhung xel trong bdi canh lich su luc biiy gid ihi dd cung la dieu dang ghi nhan. Day chinh la mdl trong nhirng mat tich cue gdp phan khang duih gia iri Iho van cua dng trong ddng chay van hgc dan tdc.
Vu Pham Ham sinb ra irong thai ky nhieu budn Ihuang ciia dat nude Ong chdng kien cugc chien tranh xam luge cua thuc dan Phap va cung chiu clumg ndi dau ciia ngudi dan mot nude nd le .
Qudn khan the str thu nhi hi Bdn bich .scm hd khai chien iranh
(Trung thu dang) Kia xem viec din nhir trd chai con ire.
Mdl nmi giang scrn ndi chien tranh (Den trung thu) Ong sinh ra ehi sau nam sau khi quan Phap no siing tkn cong Da Ning, Khoang thdi gian dng hgc hanh, thi cu cung la hie thuc dan Phap dang chiem dan nude ta Ong dau long khi ibly xa bdi ddi thay. chien tranh giiy dau thuong mil mat cho dan lanh. Trong hoan canh do, Vii Pham Ham cimg vdi nhieu nha Nho khae cimg thdi van dm ebi ciia ke sT lap cdng danh pho vua giiip nude. Ong chgn cho minh con dudng ma ngirdi xua v^n di thi do va ra lam quan cho nha Nguyen, Trong quan niem ciia ong, eon dirdng lam quan la con dudng duy nbSt d^ dng cd the thuc hien duoe ly tudng "tri quan trach dan" cua minh, Nhirng den lue nay, trong dng da ed su phan 121
Nuo'fhj I'hu 11. Uip chi KHOA H()C & C O N ( i NCiHI 98(10): 121 - 124
viin diiy dill liiio.. le xiiiil - xu eun Nho gia, Co llie ong biiy lo niem hy vgng ve mol plicp mau LO the gnip din nuoe llioal kluii lluim ligii Ild Iri nguvi/n id Ddng qiichl t{rc t.ini ddi tha nien tdc micu ihidiig
(V]nli mill hoa) 11 Id Iri Mu ngiivdn cd phap hn cua Chua \udn t)e ddnh ndm .sau giiip rap niicu diidngl
| \ ' j n l i hoa mai) Nlmng nil ciuic. dug viin diinh bill liie Chinh VI Viiy ma ni(ic dii dd eao. ditoi. giu nhfrng clu'rc quan khdng nho nlurng dng ludn cam lluiv chiin ehuong. mudn quay ve vdi eiide siuig ilieii vien. \ u i llui luong \wn Diil nude gap boa xam liing. nhimg null miil dau ihuirng eua dim tdc khong the khdng l.ie dgng den mot hac dai u i Ihirc giau Uim huy el vii nhay cam nhu Nil Pham Ham, Ong ludn mang nang trong minh y llu'rc "qude gia hung vong.
lliat phu hiru irach", Khdng ed dieu kien de dirng len cam vu kbi chdng giac ciru nude nhu mdt so sT phu khae. dug clii cdn biel giu khi tict "oanh nhien bang ngoc" (siing trong nhu bang ngoc) va gui ndi mem lam su vao iho. Dung nlur lac gia Nguveii M m h Tudng da nhan xet "'Chal tha cua V u Pham I lam la chat tha nhieu tam su. liim ndi u hoai"
|2.28.^i| Dgc mdl sd bai Ilia ciia \ ' u Pham Ham ta cam nhan dugc ndi u hoai eiia ong
\'hd! thu ldm lir llun vd lieu Thtrcrc minh nhdn .song phd tich lieu.
Tac da idy phong vuy vu ipui.
Mdn lllllll luidng di('p hd liini lieu (Thu) fSgd\ thu limg da vd cung hiidn bd.
\du mcirc die. lira cira phd tan sir Idng le Di'in twin qua. gid lay thdi, mira cc'mg nhieu Ddy sdn plm kin td vimg xiu xcr.)
(-riiu) Nhii-ng hinh anh gid. mua vii la vimg rung ddy san dudng nhu deu tham diim lam trang thi nhan. Miia thu vdn da ggi budn. nd l^i duac hien len qua ndi long cd do'n va budn thuong cua tac gia lai cang t r d nen xae xo. tan ua.
122
Dem llui. nhii Ilia nlur l i m thiiy sg tirang dong vdi mgl ling nuiy ircn ban trtri:
tiacli vdn Ild .xir hn Trirc ttunrng thanh thien khir Khir ktiir hd .sir chi Phu ngtdrng bat tri \t'r
(Tbu ijch vddc) I May trdng den li'nuri nc'io
Bay ttidiig ten trin xanh Di ddu, hii'i ih ddu ('ni ngira clumg hiel niri nao)
(Dem lliu khdng de) Sir le loi, dan cdi cua diim may trdi v6 dinh giira khoang khdng menh mdng ciing gidng vdi lam Ir^mg le loi. vd djnh cua Ute gia. Ong cam Ihiiy lac Idng. hoang mang \ a mai plurang hudng ngiiy iren chinh que hucmg minh. ( liu tha nhu lieng Idng thdn thue ciia mdt nguoi ludn canh canh ndi niem uu danai qude nhirng dimh bat Igc trude thue lai.
Trude lhuc irang xa hgi nhieu nhuong duong llioi. nuii nha nlio chan ehinh nhu \'n Pham I liim khdng the khdng nhan ra
Dcio lal \i do ddn td nglTu^p.
Thdi gum nhdn vi vi'tn /nrdan/i.
( T h i vien tire sir) iCdn dt,ui. ke St con clu'im cir nghiep.
Ttidi khd. ngin'ri chira chan hirdanhj (Tire sg trong trudng thi) I .ie gia thay r.ii rd trong ihdi budi hdn loan miy nhit'u ke co danh nhung bat tai, khong kini duge v lee gi cho dan cho nude. Cau llio la Idi ib.in eho dao hgc dii den liic suy tan.
dang sau dd chiing ta edn nhu thay mdt lieng iho d.ii chua xol,
Cung cd llic. VO Pham Ham boe Ig ndi dau cua ngirdi dan mat nude mgt each true dien, khdng he d i e diiv
I'inh nhiic gumg srm hdt tir do Tlu'mh thircmg tinh chien kim vi idy Ten ha tdng phu diec hdm .\du
( U c Tay H6)
Ngo Thi Thu Trans Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHK i(lO): 121 - 124 (Vinh nhuc non scmg mdl tir do
Tren ihdnh mid tinh chien den nay chtni nra hel Trdc h chi khdi .sdng ciing viiung sciu)
(NhdHci liiy)
•Tinh chien" (miii lanh hdi) la lir dugc dimg de am chi thirc dan Phap xam hroc va nd the hien su kbinh bi, coi Ihirdng, O day Vii Pham Ham cung dat ban ra van de vinh vii nhuc.
Nude mat. nha tan. vua vdn la nieiu ngudng vpng. la bieu tugng ciia su idn kinh Ihi liic nay chi la mdt ke bii nhin tay sai, Miil y\\ do.
got giav quan .xam luge giay xe-o dat nude, dd chinh la ndi nhuc Idn lao vii tliiim ihia liic nao cung irTu nang tam hdn nha iho \ ' ihirc dugc noi nhuc vong qude nhung diinh bat luc cho nen lrong nhicu bai llio ciia minh dng dii giri gam ndi niem u hoai trud'c tbdi cudc Ben canh dd chiing ta cung thay duge long yen nude eua Vu Pham Ham qua nbung bai tha "the hien Idng gan bd vdi canh viit dat nude, ddi kbi eOng de Id tam Idng kinh phuc doi vdi mdt sd ngudi da hy sinh vi dat nude"
|3. 2031] nhu Pham Van Nghj. Nguven Thugng Hien. Khi Phap danh chiem nude la. Pham Van Nghj da chieu md quan va xin trieu dinh cho di danh giac. Sau dd dng lai td chirc can cii khang chien de Hep tue chdng Phap, Bi trieu dinh thu het quan tudc, ong ve dan tai ddng Lien Hoa Vu Pham Ham den tham noi d cu eiia Pham Van Nghi va da bay to cam xiic eua minh,
Hoa Lir thanh ngoai Lien Hoa ddng.
Hoa tu- nhdn hirong, ddng canh u.
Dgi cue vi thanh ndng nhdi chien.
Danh scm tir chu luc thien thu.
Thai gian lir de lap nhung md.
Sir khu giang ho lao dieu chu.
Kim nhal di v6 dn qudn tie, Thach ban thir gid thuy khong tiru
(Lien Hoa dgng Pham NghTa Trai tien sinh cd eu) (Bong Hoa Sen ngoai thanh Hoa Lir, Hoa iham t\ra ngirdi, dong them u tich.
, Bgi cue chira ihdnh. tiing mot Iran,
Dcmh .son tir chu. du ngdn iliri
Liic khd kluiu anh cm cimg nhau luyen idp binh md.
Viec tiong, ngao du giang hd linn irng Ido cdu cd Sav dd khdng cdn ngiriri qudn itrdn ctr.
Thach hdn gid .sdch nuirc chay mdi) (Nhii cii eiia Pham NghTa Trai lien sinh o
dong Hoa Sen) Vu Pham Ham da bay lo long ngudng mo ddi vdi mdl biic chi si yen nude, mdt con ngudi irung dung, dau "dai cue v; thanh"
song dil tirng anh diing chien dau vdi ke thii, da the hien duge khi phiich va tinh than yen mrdc diing ne trgng. Ong bdi hdi ludng nhd den euoe ddi Lien Hoa ddng chii nhan vdi nhirng ngay tliiing ham hd cimg ddi quan nghia diing luy en tap binh ma danh giac. sau dd lai quay ve vdi cudc sdng nhan ha thanh thai giu cdt cadi ihanh eao Mae dii Pham Van Nghi da bj tudc hel quan tudc phai lui ve d an song tmb than yeu nude cua dng van ngdi sang den ngan nam,
Yeu nude luon gan vdi thuong dan, Trong tho' Vii Pham Ham chiing ta thay dng cung danh nhieu su quan tam ddi vdi euoe sdng ciia ngudi dan lao ddng ngheo (3ng thau hieu va cam thdng vdi ndi vat va cua bo:
Ndng phu ngai mgch quy, Nhat Irung han nhir vU Ddn nguyen lue ihirdng phong.
Bat lich cdn luc khd
(Quan cat mach) /Nhd ndng cdi Ida trd ve,
Giira trtra ndng md hoi ren nhu mua Nliimg mcmg ndm cir mdi chrcrc inita.
Chdng tide cc'mg .sire nh()c nhdn vdi va.) (Xem gat liia) De lam ra hat thdc ngudi ndng dan da phai do bao nhieu md hdi. Phai g^n gui va yeu men ngudi dan lao dgng Vu Pham Ham mdi ed dugc su quan sat linh te va su tran trgng thanh qua tu su khd nhgc ciia hg Ong hieu tam tu nguyen vgng eiia hg. hg san sang dd md hdi va khong ti§c cdng siic vat va nhgc nhan de ed dugc nhu'ng vu miia bdi thu.
123
Ngo I'hi Hill Irang Tiipebf KHOA ll(,)C & CONG NGHI.- 98(10): 121 - 124
Hen eiiiili do, \ ' i i Pluim I lam cdn iliiiili sir uu lii di;ie hiel eun minh cho nluing ngii'di diin ngheo Irong llio dug the hien S(r quan uim.
d i u i se vol eiiiili ihieu ihdn eiui hg, Khi iigilni ho.i thuv lien no viio dem giao lliira. dng elumh Idng:
I hide gun him gia vo giap Ijch.
(*(i lu-img phiiinig tin hdo xiidn hdi.
(Giao Ihira limy lien hoa kluii ngau d;ie ) (lla\ bid nhd nghi'i) ktu'mg < d lich.
Mil dem tin tot hdo xiicui dd ve)
(I imi llic hoa lluiy lien no dem gmo iliira) Choi hoa lluiy lien lii iiigi ilui choi tao nlui cua Ciie nlui nho xii.i I rong " T h u I ri llu Uip" Vii Pham Hiim dil co den bdn bin tho viel ve hoa ihuv lien Hoa lluiy lien thui>ng no vao dimg dem giao thira bao hieu mdl iiiliii nidi lin lanh dil den Hoa llurong ngiriTi iiglii;o khdng cd lich nen no de bao tin xuan hav ehinh la nha
Iho nhin hoa d?p da khdng khdi niui Idng v van ed nhicu iigiioi ngheo ben canh minh, V i i Phom Ham lii bae danh nho .sdng vao cuoi the ky X I X dau ihe ky X X 1 im hieu tha van eua dug khdng d u gnip chimg ta Ihay dugc lai luiiig va dirc dg ciia nidt ngucri "ddng doi nha nho hgc ihaiili bach, ihdng minh sdm" ( I . 3 I 4 | . mgl vi khoa bang kha kinh ma edn hicu pliiui nao liim sg. suy nghT cua dug irudc linh canh mrdc nha. Tir dd chimg la them thau hieu vii liim irgng y llu'rc iriidi nhieni ciing nhu nhan eiicli cua li'tp sT phu nho hgc lIuTi k\ nay
I A I I II II I I I , \ M K H A O 11 j , Trin van Guip (1970). Tim hieu kho sdch Han Ndm. idp I. I h u vipn Quoc gia xuat ban. H.
|2|. NhiiJu lAc gia (2010), Tam nguyen Tham hoa ill Pham Hdm.UxbVWJT.H.
[3| Td diim viin hgc I'li-I \am (bp mdi) (2004).
Nxb Th^ gioi. H
[4|. Iran I rung Vien 1200 I), liin ddn hao gidm, Nxb van hgc. H.
SI M M A K V
P V T R I O T J S M O F M ' P H A M H A M
T H R O U G H A M M B I R O F C H I N K S I P O I M S
Nyo Thi Thu Trang College of Education 7 ^ ( Vu Pham Ham (1864 1906) was born in Don Ibu Village. Thanh Oai Dislrict. Ha Taj province (Ila Nl)! uiday), Ile made much eonlribulion lo ihe counlry's culture and education. He lived and worked in the period when ihe counlry was gradually occupied bv the colonists. Through his Sine poems, we realize his Slue feeling toward his age and Ihe hidden love for the country Although his love for the counlry was not made into specilic activities, his emotion and feelings toward the counlry were respeclable.
Key word, Vu Pham Ham, the hue nineteenth eenltiry. Chinese poelry. patriotic, cultural eelebniie.s
Ngiiy nhdn hdi• 22,<V2012. ngdy phan bi^n. 30 .V 2012. ngdy duyi'l ddng: 12'11'2012
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