CHUYEN MUC
KINH T 6 H O C - XA HOI HOC
NiP S P N G D O TH! d THANH PHp Hp CHi MINH GOC NHiN CUA NGUai TRONG CUOC
T R A N TH! KIM XUY^N PHAM THI THUY TRANG
Tir cich tiep can nghien ewu hinh ddng ddng tham gia, bii viet neu ten mqt sd van di thwc ti trong nhu'ng khia eanh khdng thinh edng cua eac eudc vin ddng vi nip sdng van minh dd thj a TPHCM va di xuit mdt vii each nhin khie trong quin I'j/ dd thj. Bii viet dwa ra mqt s6 kit qua vi vide phan tieh the ehi trong viee thwc hiin chO trwang Xiy dwng nip sdng van minh dd thj cda thinh phi va nhung van de thwc te trong cic iinh vwe cu the cua nep sdng dd thj a TPHCM, eudi cdng de xuat mdt vai khuyin nghi vi mat quan ly dd thj.
1. DAN NHAP
Nham thifc hi§n muc tiSu xay dirng TPHCM ngay cSng van minh hign dai, xCrng tam khu vye ma v i n giir dupe ban s^c heng, ngay tCr nam 1979 d§n Tran Thj Kim Xuy^n. PhO GiSo su tien ST.
Tru'i'ng Oai hoc Binh Di^ang.
Phgm Till Thiiy Trang. Thac ST. Tru'dng Dai hoc Khoa hpc Xa hOi vi NhSn vSn, Bai hpc Qu6c gia Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh.
B^i Viet du'pe thyc hien trong khuOn kh6 Qk tSi: Xiy dung nip sing van minh dd thi tai TPHCPi/l td cich tiip cin nghiin cdu hinh d0ng ding tham gia: thuc tiang vi cic giii phip. Chu tri; Sa Khoa hoc COng ngh§
Thanh pho Ho Chl Mmh; ChO nhiem de tSi:
Tran Thj Kim Xuyin.
nay, chinh quy§n thanh pho da lien tue du'a ra cac dpt van dpng nham xay dung nep song van minh do thj.
Trong thpi gian gan day, trudc ap lg«
eua qua trinh d6 thj hoa nhanh va manh, nhieu van de co lien quan toi nep s6ng van mmh do thj dang tro"
thanh tam diem cua d u luan xa h6l va la m6i quan tam eua cac nhS quan ly.
Thirc te van con t6n tai nhieu bat cSp ea tren d p dp vT m6 lan vi mo lam cho chinh quyen va ngyoi dan deu cam t h i y chu'a hai long. Da co nhieu cong trinh nghien cCru ll§n quan tdi chu dl nay, nhu'ng nhin chung cac nhi nghien cu'u thydng nhin nh?n v i n de
T R A N THI KIM XUYtN - PHAM THI THOY TRANG - NtP S 6 N G B O T H | 0...
nep song do thj d y d i cac goc dp quan sat tCr ben ngoai. Bai viSt nay dype thyc hi§n tren hydng t i l p can nghien cCfu CO s y tham gia eua ngydi dan va phan tich chinh sach vdl phypng phap kiem toan xa hpi, dya theo k i t qua eua cong trinh nghien cim khoa hpc e l p S d Xay dwng nip sdng van minh dd thj tai TPHCM tu' eich tiep can nghien cu'u hanh ddng ddng tham gia: thwc trang va cac giai phip.
Vdi mong m u l n lam ro nhu-ng khia canh khong thanh cong cua cac cupc van dpng v l n i p song van minh do thi d TPHCM va d l x u j t mpt vai each nhin khdc trong quan ly do thj, bai viet tap trung phan tich eae the c h l trong viec xay dyng n i p song van minh do thj cua thanh pho va nhyng v i n de cu the cOa nep s6ng do thj d TPHCM (an toan giao thong, ve sinh moi trydng va giao t i l p , Crng xu' npi cong cpng).
2. V A I N t T v e CUOC NGHIEN CCfU 2.1. Muc tieu, npi dung va phypng phap nghien cCru
Cupc nghien cCru dype thye hien nham nam bat thye trang n i p song do thj tai TPHCM trong dieu kien hien nay, ch! ra nhirng nguyen nhan can trd ehu trypng xay dyng n i p s i n g van minh do thj cua chinh quyen va ngydi dan thanh p h i , d y a ra nhu'ng gpi y glal phap trong viee quan ly va tuyen truyen cho ngydi din tai cac eong dong do thj.
Nhyng npi dung nghien cCru cu the la;
Phan tich e4c chu tryong chinh sach cua quoc gia va thanh pho v l vl$c
dam bao nep s i n g van minh do thj va hieu qua cua chung; danh gia kiln thCrc, thai dp, hanh vi cua cac nhom ey dan do thj v l nep s i n g do thj tai TPHCM trong d i l u kien hien nay b i n g phypng phap tham gia; xac djnh nhu'ng nguyen nhan can trd viec thyc hien n i p song van minh do thj tren cae mat: c h i p hanh luat le giao thong, vg smh mdi trydng, Crng xCr noi eong cpng; nang cao nhan thCrc v l n i p song van minh do thj cho cac nhom dan c y tai dja ban nghien cCru thong qua qua trinh nghien cCru co s y tham gia cua ngydi dan.
Cupc nghien ciru dype thyc hien dya tren s y k i t hpp giira phypng phap luan phan tich chinh sach va phycng phap nghien cCru hanh dpng co s y tham gia cua ngydi dSn (PAR Participatory Action Research) thong qua cac cdng cu nhy phdng v i n sau, thao luan nhdm tap trung, kilm toan xa hpi; c h i m diem cpng dong, va cac cong cu nghien cCru hanh dpng co s y tham gia (cay van de, xep hang thy t y yu tien, bleu do Venn,...).
Viec sCr dung nghien cCru tham gia k i t hpp vdi t i l p can KAB (Knowledge, Attitude, Behaviour - Kiln thCrc, thai dp, hanh vi) va tilp can cpng d i n g se giCip nha nghien oCru thu nhan dype nhu'ng thong tin lien quan tdi kiln thCrc, thai dp va hanh vl cua ngydi d i n tai cpng dong dan c y phudng 2 (quan 5) va phydng 8 (quan 8) v l cac ITnh vyc khae nhau cua cuoc van dpng xay dyng n i p song van minh dd thj cua TPHCM (an toan giao thong, ve sinh moi trydng va giao t i l p Crng xCr).
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQI so 9<-10 (205*206) 2015 Nghien cu'u, phan tich chinh sach la
hydng t i l p can khach quan, nhyng vigc danh gia cac chinh sach da dype ap dung trong thyc tien bdi chinh nhO'ng ngydi dan vdi t y each la nhyng ngydi trong cuoc, dype thu hydng va bj anh hydng bdi cac chinh sach dd cung can dype thyc hien.
Ben canh do, trong qua trinh lam viec vdl cpng d i n g , cac nghien eCru vien cung d i n g thdi pho biln nhirng kiln thCrc c i n thilt cho ngydi dan, cung trao doi vdl cac can bp quan ly dja phypng va vdl cac nhom dan cy tham gia de de x u i t cac glal phap thyc hien phu hpp nhit cho cpng d i n g . 2.2. Dja ban va m l u nghien ciru Quan 5 va quan 8 cua TPHCM dype chpn lam dja ban nghien cCru vl ca hai qu|in hign nay d i u thupc v l npi thanh, va d i u dype chpn la quan thi diem d l thye hien cupc van dpng n i p s i n g van minh do thj (quan 5 v l canh quan do thj, q u i n 8 ve ve sinh moi trydng).
Ca hai quan d i u la vung d i t ed ljeh sir phat triln lau dai eung vdi Ijch su" hon 300 nam cua thanh pho. V l dan cy, quan 5 co dac tryng la nhilu ngydi Hoa va nhilu ngydi cd nguin goc lau nam d TPHCM, cdn quan 8 la quan cd nhilu ngydi nhap cy.
NhO'ng ngydi cung d p thong tin bao gom cac nhdm dan cy khae nhau sinh sing tai phydng 2 (quan 5) va phydng 8 (quan 8), dype chpn theo dae diem nhan khau - xa hpl cua hp; nhdm can bp'"; nhdm dan cy'^'; nhdm nhu'ng ngydi eao tuoi (tif 60-78 tuoi); nhdm hanh n g h i xe dm (tCr 30-62 tuoi);
nhdm nhu'ng ngydi nhjp ey (25-60 tuoi); nhdm can bp - cong nhan vien (24-60 tuoi); va nhdm hpc sinh - sinh vien (la nhOng ngydi dang hpc tai cac trydng cao dang va p h i thdng d qu9n 5 va quan 8).
M l i mpt nhdm ke tren d i u tham gia vap cac cupc thap luan nhdm va thyc hien eac cdng cu PAR, cung cap thdng tin cho cupc nghign cCru tCr goc nhin cua ngydi trong eupe. Cu the, s6 ngydi tham gia thyc hien cae cong cu PAR la 90 ngydi, tham gia thao luan tap trung la 40 ngydi vi phdng van sau la 20 ngydi. Ngoai ra, d l teii con t i l n hanh 2 cudc k i l m toan xa hpl vi 14 cupc phat the cham diem cpng d i n g .
3. N H O N G K S T QUA VA P H A T H I E N TCr khi triln khai eudc van dpng nep s i n g van minh do thj nam 2003, hang loat cac phong trSo, c4c ho^t dpng tren quy md Idn hydng irng cupc v?n dpng da djgn ra tren pham vi toein thanh phd, tao dype sy chuyin bien nhit djnh trong nhSn thCrc eua da so ngydi dSn. Dac biet, ehu tryong xay dyng "thanh pho xanh s?ch dep"
(2010) da lam cho thanh p h i cd dupe nhO'ng dien mao mdi. Nhilu khu vyc trong thanh p h i da khang trang hon, sach dep hon, tao sy phan khdi va n i l m t y hao cho ngydi dan. Nhyng du da cd nhilu chuyen biln, hien tai van tdn tai n h i l u b i t c3p va cdn nhilu viec phai lam de thanh pho van minh hpn.
" N i p song van minh dd thj" dype de cap den d dSy bao ham cdc van de co
T R A N T H I KIM XUYtN - PHAM TH| THCIY TRANG - NtP S O N G B O T H | 0...
ban ve each Cfng xCr cua ngydi dan trong d d i s i n g hang ngay d dd thj:
chap hdnh l u i t giao thdng, giir gin ve sinh mdi trydng, giao t i l p Crng xit noi cdng cdng va glu' my quan dd thj. Tuy nhien, tuy tirng nam, chinh quyen thanh p h i tap trung vao tCrng chyong trinh trpng diem'".
K i t qua nghien ciru cho thay qua trinh thyc hidn cupc van dpng nep song van minh dd thj till nam 2003 d i n 2012 bao g i m cac v i n de: NhCrng bat cdp trong cdng tac to chCrc - chi dao cudc van dpng n i p song van minh dd thj; nhu'ng han c h l v l cdng tac truyin thdng; nhO'ng van d l ve kiln thCrc, thai dp va hanh vi cua ngydi dan trong cdc ITnh v y c cu the cua n i p sdng vdn minh dd thj (an todn-giao thdng, vp sinh mdi trydng vd giao t i l p , yng xCr noi edng cdng).
3.1. NhO'ng van d l v l the c h l Vdl chu tryong kien tri xay dyng n i p song van minh dd thj d TPHCM, Chinh quyin thanh p h i da Hgn tuc dya ra cdc nghj quylt nhdm huy dpng todn bd he thong chinh tri vd ngydi dan vdo cdc eupe van dpng ndy. K i t qua kiem tpdn xa hdi ddi vdl edc van ban nghj q u y l t v l edc cupc van ddng vd cdch thu'c to chCrc thyc hien cho thiy mdt s l diem noi bat sau:
Thu' nhat, theo thdi gian, vdn ban nghj quyet cua cdc dpt vdn dpng (tu' 2003 d i n 2010) cdng v l sau cdng chi tilt hon, nhyng van cdn nhieu npi dung ching cheo giO'a cdc ITnh vyc. Nhyng dpt vdn dpng v l sau da ghi ro viec trao q u y i n oho d p qudn va d p phydng khi xdy dyng k l hoach. M|e
du vay, cdc ke hoach van cd tinh rap khudn do chu y l u vdn dype xay dyng bdi Ban chi dao Nep song van minh dd thj d p thdnh p h i (bao g i m ngydi dCrng dau cdc Sd cua thanh phi), sau do dype lap lai d d p qudn va phydng. Nhy vay, chu tryong chinh sach vdn ehu y l u dype ban hdnh tCr trgn x u i n g . S y sdng tao va chu dpng cua d p d y d i chi d khau lap k l hoach thye hien ehu tryong. Dja phyong thye t l khdng dype t y xdc djnh nhu'ng vdn de n i l cdm cOa minh vd lap k l hoach thyc hien dya trgn nguin lye cua hp.
Thu' hai, viec "Trung yong hda" vd
"tap trung hda" trong thyc hi?n cdc phong trdo, cdc cupc van ddng xa hdi trgn quy md todn quic, tyc chu tryong va cdc hoat dpng phai thong nhat t y Trung yong xuing cac dja phyong da gdy nen s y bat cap khi di vdo mpt dja phuong cu the. TPHCM vdi dao diem rieng biet cua minh dd de x u i t mdt cupc van dpng nham xay dyng n i p s i n g van minh dd thj, nhyng d i n g thdi v i n phai thyc hign them phong trdo "Toan ddn dodn k i t xay dyng ddi s i n g van hda", Idm cho cdng viee cua cdc cdn bd e l p phydng trd nen qud tai.
ThCr ba, cd s y trung lap giu'a viec p h i b i l n phdp luat va van ddng thyc hien cdc tieu chi xay dyng n i p sing van minh dd thj. Trong giai dean trudc nam 2000, khi chya cd luat quy djnh v l cac hanh vl lien quan tdi n i p sing van minh dd thi, nhyng vdn ban v l cupc van ddng cd vai trd Id cp sd giup chinh quyen cdc d p thyc hipn nhu'ng
TAP CHl KHOA HQC XA HQI s6 9t10 (205*206) 2015 quy djnh mang tinh chuan myc cua
nhd nydc va chinh quyin thanh p h i . Tuy nhign bdt ddu t y nam 2001, Lua(
Giao thdng Bwdng bd dype ban hanh va ndm 2008 dype d i l u chinh, d i n g thdi Lua( Bao ve Mdi tnrdng cung dyoc ban hanh ndm 2005, sCra doi nam 2013'^'. NhCrng quy djnh trong cac dilu luat va nhyng nghj djnh d i u dype v i l t rat ky lydng. Tieu chi cua cdc dpt van dpng khdng cd gi mdi hon cdc quy djnh cua phap luat. Vi vay, viec cung mpt luc t i n tai hai he thing van ban hydng d i n cung mot npi dung la dam bao ky cuong va n i p sing dd thj ed le khdng hodn todn can thiet.
3.2. NhO'ng v i n d l cu t h i trong n i p sing dd thj cua ngydi dan TPHCM NhO'ng bieu hien cu the v l n i p s i n g do thj cua ngydi dan TPHCM dyoc khao sdt tren ba d p dp; Kiln thCrc, thdi dp vd hanh vl. Cdn cae ITnh vyc dype d l cap tdi bao g i m : an toan giao thdng, ve sinh mdi trydng vd giao tilp, U'ng xCr noi cdng cdng, Trong linh vwe an toin giao thdng Ba phdn cdc nhdm dan cy thupc cae nhdm t u i l vd ngdnh n g h i khdc nhau, khdng ndm rd v l Luat Giao thdng Dydng bp. Tuy nhien, cung nhy cdc k i t qua nghien cCru khdc, sy hieu bilt ve luat giao thdng t i t hon d nhdm ngydi cd trinh dp hpc v i n cao hon vd nhyng ngydi thudc nhdm cdn bp, vign chCrc.
Han che trong kiln thCrc cua ngydi dan v l ludt giao thdng dydng bp Id khdng n i m rd nhu'ng quy djnh d m
(ldn t u y i n , q u y i n y u tien cho cdc loai xe,...). Ngoai tin hieu giao thdng bing den, hp h l u nhy khdng hieu rd j nghTa eiia cac bien bao. Nhilu ngydi cdn cd quan niem khdng dung khi cho ring viec tham gia giao thdng ddi hoi kinh nghiem thyc t l chO- khdng nhat thilt phai hieu biet ve ludt giao thdng.
Ben canh dd, hp cOng khdng hieu ro v l trach nhiem cua ngydi tham gia giao thdng, tydng rang chi d n dam bao an todn cho minh vd ngydi cung tham gia giao thdng khdc, khong co trdch nhiem phai cu'u giup ngydi bj nan. De ngydi ddn hieu dype quy pham phdp luat trong ITnh vyc nay, dyong nhign d n phai cd cdc bi^n phdp tuyen truyen.
Mac du chinh quyen thanh pho da yeu d u cdc CO quan truyen thdng vd ti0 thing chinh trj cdc d p t i chCrc tuy6n truyin van ddng nep song van minh do thj, nhyng nhO'ng k i t qua khao sdt cho thiy vdn cdn t i n tai mdt s i vin de sau:
Tryde h i t Id tinh higu qua cua truyen thdng dai chung. Thyc t l , da cd nhieu chyong trinh trgn cdc phyong ti^n truyin thdng dai chOng (tivi, dai, bao, Internet...) pho b i l n kiln thO'C v l an todn giao thdng vd gan day cac chyong trinh dd cOng da cd sy cai t i l n v l chat Iypng vd s i Iypng. Ket qua tu' khao sat cho thay, ddi truyin hinh vd ddi phdt thanh giup ngydi ddn hllu rd v l luat giao thdng dydng bO tdt hon cdc nguin truyen thdng dai Chung khdc. Nhyng ngay ca vdi nguin thdng tin nay, hl#u qua tdi cSc nhdm cong chung cOng khdng deu
T R A N T H | K I M X U Y S N - PHAM TH! THCIY TRANG - N^P SONG 0<5 TH! &..
nhau, vi nhilu nhdm khdng theo doi thydng xuydn cdc phyong tien ndy.
Sy t i l p nhdn thong tin cOng khdng giong nhau vi trinh dp hpc vdn giO'a cdc nhdm khdng tyong d i n g . Cac I n pham cua Oy ban An todn Giao thdng, cua cdc CO quan Trung yong, tinh/
thdnh d y d i hinh thu'c edc t d bydm, t d roi gpn nhe d y p e t i l p nhdn t i t hon cdc hinh thu'c khdc. Bgn canh dd, eac cupc tuyen truyen van dpng tryc t i l p tfil cdc cdng ddng dan oy vdi cdc hinh thO'C khde nhau, trong dd ed viec gu-i nhO'ng t d quy djnh ve nep s i n g vdn minh dd thj vd hinh thCrc ky cam k i t khdng vl pham luat giao thdng dydng bp cung phat huy dype hieu qua nhat djnh, Tuy nhien, nhO'ng hinh thCrc ndy chu y l u d y p e thyc hien p mdt s i phydng diem, chya p h i b i l n rdng d cdc khu dan cy. Hon nO'a, nhOng ngydi nhdp c y (chiem s l Iypng ddng dao d thdnh p h i ) lai It tham gia vdo cdc cam k i t nay.
Kiln thCrc phdp ludt va ky ndng tham gia giao thdng deu dype ngydi dan hpc vd dd dype kiem tra khi lay bang ldi xe, nhyng chu y l u ngydi dan hpc de l i y d y p e g i i y chCrng nhan nhilu hon Id hpe lay kiln thi>c, Nhilu ngydi cdn nhd ngydi khdc thi hd ngn khdng thyc s y n i m dype luat. Trong trydng p h i thdng cac d p , vipe pho biln ludt giao thdng dydng bd d y o c thye hien khd nghiem tuc, dac biet gan ddy dd cd nhO'ng hinh thu'c giang day k i t hpp vdl thyc hdnh cho hpc sinh cap trung hpc CO s d . Tuy nhign, sau khi hpc xong edc em It thyc hdnh ngn khong nhd d y p e nhilu v l cdc d i l u ludt
C u i i cung, d i l u dang lyu y nhat trong cdng tae tuyen truyen Id thilu s y p h i l hpp d i n g bp giu'a ba y l u t i xa hpl hda: gia dinh, nha trydng va xa hdi.
Cho du ode em hpc sinh dype hpc vd thyc hanh luat giao thdng dydng bd, nhyng hdng ngay, khi tham gia giao thdng, hdnh vl khdng phu hpp eua nhu'ng ngydi xung quanh, dac biet Id nhu'ng ngydi thdn - cd tdc ddng rat Idn tdi hdnh vi cua eao em.
V l mat hanh vi, viec vi pham luat giao thdng dydng bp Id pho biln d hdu h i t cac nhdm dan cy. Hanh vl nay cd han c h l hon khi ngydi ddn nhin thay hoac d y dodn cd canh sdt giao thdng dang thi hanh cdng vu tren dydng hp dl.
Thep k i t qua khao sdt, mac dO trdnh bj phdt hien vl pham Ludt Giao thdng, nhyng ngydi dan cOng thich "xu' ly nhanh" trong edc tinh huong bj phat bang each thda thudn ndp t i l n eho canh sat giao thdng ("mdi Id"). MCrc phat vi pham hien khdng cao nen chya Idm cho ngydi dan cam thdy e ngai.
Cdc nhdm ddn c y t?l dja ban nghien ciru cung xdo nhdn mpt trong nhyng hanh vi gdy ra he qua nghiem trpng khi tham gia giao thdng Id vieo uing rypu bia, dac biet la nam gidi. Khi md uing rypu bia dype coi Id n i p sinh hoat thydng nhat, vide kinh doanh rypu bia khdng bj kiem soat, vd cdc bien phdp che tdi chya nghiem thi cdc tai nan giap thdng se rat khd khao phuc.
V l mat thai dp khi tham gia giao thdng, mdt trong nhu'ng hign typng thydng t h i y n h i t Id s y thd o tryde cde tai nan giao thdng. Cdc cude thao luan
TAP CHl K H O A I
nhdm xdc nhdn rdng nhilu ngydi bd qua viec giOp d d ngydi bj tai nan giao thdng, ban than hp cd IOc cOng vdy.
Nhyng hp eOng khdng phe phdn viec khdng giOp d d nay. Ly do thydng dype neu ra la hp khdng m u l n rdc r i i vdi cdng an, khdng loai try trydng hpp hp cOng khdng cd giay phep ldi xe. D i l u nay cd t h i bdt nguin tCi' kiln thdc (khdng bilt khdi niem ve gid vdng eua ngydi gap tai nan, hay khdng bilt ring mpi ngydi d i u cd nghTa vu glOp ngydi bj nan...); d i n g thdi, do thilu tinh than tyong thdn tyong dl vdl nhirng ngydi khdc trong cdng ddng, xa hpi.
Khi hdi ngydi dan v l thai dp eua hp vdi nhu'ng sai pham khi xCr ly vl pham giao thdng, da phan xdc nhdn tuy hp cd phien Idng khi chCrng kiln nhOng tieu eye cua canh sdt giao thdng, nhyng hp khdng phe phan md cdn xem dd Id nhu'ng "kinh nghiem" cho minh sau nay.
Trong ITnh vwe ve sinh mdi trwdng Ve sinh mdi trydng Id mot trong nhyng ITnh vyc md chinh quyin thdnh p h i vd ngydi ddn da bd nhieu cdng sue hon cd nhdm cai thien tinh hlnh.
Thyc t l nhieu md hinh v l ve sinh mdi trydng da dype thyc hidn r i t tot t^l ode dja ban ddn cy. Qua edc dpt vdn dOng, TPHCM ndi ehung, khu vyc phydng 2 (qudn 5) vd phydng 8 (qudn 8) ndi rieng dd cd nhyng thay doi ve CO sd - ky thuat. Nhd ve sinh vd thOng rde cdng cdng da dype lap ddt nhieu hon. Tuy nhien, nhilu thung rdc chya phu hpp ve kich cd, v l vj tri nen chya phat huy dype tdc dung. Mdt s i
noi, thung rdc ddt ngay tryde cu'a nhd ddn, hole cd thung rdc nhyng lai khdng thydng xuydn thu gom, gay mdt ve sinh, hode thung rdc cd kich cd qud nhd lai dat d noi cd s i Iypng rdc thai ra Idn. T i t d nhu'ng han chl ndy gay s y b i t binh cho ngydi ddn.
Tinh hinh cdi thien ve sinh mdi trydng khdng deu t^i ede dja bdn cua thdnh p h i . Cdc khu vyc trung tdm thydng sach se hon vl cd so sd vdt chit, thilt bj khang trang, ed cac Iyc Iypng giam sat vd cd ngydi Idm ve sinh thydng xuyen. Cdn nhO'ng noi cd nhieu khdch vdng lai (ngydi budn ban t y do, ngydi tir noi khdc d i n sir dung cac djch vu cdng edng cua thdnh pho), it chiu s^
kiem sodt cua chinh quyin vd cac ce sd djch vu, thi noi dd tinh trang v§
sinh mdi trydng kem hon nhOng khu vyc cdn lal.
Hien typng phdt t d bydm, td roi mdi dype han c h l d nhu'ng noi trung tam, nhyng vdn cdn t i n tai d cac khu vyc cdn lal cua thanh p h i , la mpt nguyin nhan gay m i t ve sinh va mat m} quan noi edng cdng. Hien typng xa rdc mSt ve sinh dien ra nhilu hon d cdc day nhd p h i (noi od khdng gian md vdi nhilu ngydi qua lai) so vdi nhO'ng hO ddn s i n g trong khu chung cy (noi co Ban quan 1;^ gidm sat, nhac nhd).
V l kiln thCrc ve sinh mdi trydng, ket qua khao sdt cho t h i y , ngydi ddn biet dype nhu'ng hien trang ve sinh m6i trydng vd nhCng nguygn nhdn chlnii y l u , trong dd cd n h i n manh tdi •) thirc cua ngydi dan va cdc bien phdp die tai chya nghiem. Hp nhan m?nh dieu bat cap Id trong khi nhd trydng va
TRAN TH! KIM XUYtN - PHAM TH! THUY TRANG - N^P S O N G D O TH! (/..
chinh quyen dang c i g i n g lam cho ngydi ddn ndi chung, hpc sinh ndi rieng hieu can phai giO' gin ve sinh, bao ve mdi trydng, thi ehinh ngydi Idn lai la nhu'ng ngydi vl pham nhieu vd khi vl pham thi cOng khdng bj phat.
Viee thu gom rdc thai tai khu dan c y Id digu khiln ngydi ddn khong hdi Idng nhat. Hp cho rang hien dang ton tai cOng mdt luc hai he thing thu gom rac, mdt cua t y nhan vd mdt thupc quan ly cua phydng, d i n tdi khdng ddng nhdt v l mCrc thu phi, gay mdu thudn giu'a cdc nhdm thu gom va giu'a ngydi thu gom rdc vdl cac hp ddn. Sd Tdi nguyen va Mdi trydng Id don vj tham myu, dya ra quy c h l de quan ly Iyc Iypng thu gom rdc ddn lap ndy, nhyng cho tdi thdi d i l m khao sdt, theo cdc can bd dja phyong, vdn chya cd quy chg d l thyc hien.
Ngydi dan cOng phdn nan d i i vdi cdc bien phdp khde phuc tinh trang mdt ve sinh, d nhiem mdi trydng. Theo hp, thay vi tap trung nguin Iyc vao viec triln khai eac bien phdp ky thuat, co sd vat c h i t hay cac hoat ddng nhdm ngdn chdn, giam thilu cac hdnh vl xa rdc, chinh quyen dja phyong lai ehi tdp trung vdo vipe huy ddng ngydi dan dpn dpp, dde bipt Id nhyng khi cd kiem tra, gidm sdt. D i l u ndy cho thiy cdc host dpng cdn ndng tinh hinh thyc vd chay theo thanh tich.
Thai dp tich cyc cua ngydi dan Id cd mCfc dp khi hp bdy td s y khdng hai Idng d i i vdi nhyng hdnh vi gay mat ve sinh mdi trydng, nhyng h i u h i t lai khdng cd thdi dp phan doi. Viec nhic nhd ngydi khdc hdnh xu' dOng khdng
dype coi Id d n thidt trong quan niem cua hp.
C h l tdi trong viec d i l u chinh hanh vi giii' ve sinh mdi trydng dype thyc hien chya nghiem. K i t qua tu' phdng v i n sau cac can bd dja phypng cho t h i y hp d i dang phat nhyng ngydi tieu thyong khi qudy hang cua hp m i t vg sinh hon Id phat nhO'ng ngydi xd rac noi cpng cpng. Theo cac nhdm tham gia thao ludn, chinh nhu'ng ngydi budn bdn cd eya hdng thydng giu' ve sinh tryde khu vyc cua minh tot hon de trdnh bi phat. Phai chang do khdng bj phat ngn ngydi ddn chya thay doi hdnh vi xa rdc cua minh?
NhO'ng yeu to tdc ddng tdi cdc nhdm dan c y nham cung c i hdnh vi giu' ve sinh, bao v? mdi trydng cOng la mpt trong nhu'ng vdn d l dype d l cdp tdi trong nghien cyu ndy. Nhyng k i t qua t y cdng cu bleu d i Venn phan dnh sy khdc biet giu'a cdc nhdm dan cy; (1) vdl nhdm sinh vign, nhu'ng y l u t i dype coi Id quan trpng thydng Id cdc thilt c h l (nhd trydng, Dodn Hpi, chinh quyin dja phyong vd he thing phdp ludt); (2) d i i vdl nhdm hpc sinh, y l u t i quan trpng hon lai mang tinh phi chinh thCrc nhy gia dinh, b?n be, hang xdm; (3) d i i vdi nhO'ng ngydi ddn thydng tru, nhu'ng y l u to quan trpng dype xdc djnh Id t i trdt ty-mdi trydng, to trydng to dan p h i va nhan vign ve sinh/ngydi thu gom rdc ddn lap; (4) d i i vdl nhdm ngydi nhdp cy, do it tham gia cdc cudc hpp vd cdc b u l l sinh hoat edng d i n g nen t i trydng t i ddn p h i vd cdng d i n g khdng anh hydng nhilu tdi hp, nhyng
TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HQI so 9+10 (205*206) 2015 to trdt ty-mdi trydng vd nhyng ngydi
lam cdng tdc ve sinh moi trydng lai quan trpng vdl hp. Chang han, viec bj phat moi khi vi pham quy djnh v l ve sinh mdi trydng dd giup hp han c h l vi pham. B i l u nay cho thdy n l u c h l tai dype thyc hien thydng xuyen se cd anh hydng tieh cyc d l l vdl hanh vl cua ngydi vi pham hay djnh vi pham;
(5) tyong t y nhy nhdm tren, nhdm t i l u thyong danh gia cao vai trd cua to trdt ty-mdi trydng vi ludn nhac nhd vd gidm sdt hp. Viec bj phat la y l u t l tich eye dilu chinh hdnh vl cua hp. Hp khdng ehi sp cdc khoan phat ma cdn sp mdt CO hpl dype kinh doanh.
Nhyng d i i vdl nhdm budn ban nhd trgn dydng, thi khd dieu chinh hdnh vl cua hp hon vi mO'C phat d i i vdl hp khdng eao, cdch xir phat mang tinh xua d u l l nhilu hon trirng phat, ddn tdi thai dp "nhdn" vdi phdp ludt.
Trong iinh vwe giao tiip, irng xir nai edng cqng
Trong ba ITnh vyc dype nghien cu'u, giao tllp-Crng xy noi cdng cdng Id npl dung it dype quan tam hon ca.
Tyong ty, ITnh vyc nay cOng it dype nghign cCru trong nguin t y lieu san cd.
v l t h i c h l , hign nay chya cd vdn ban phap quy v l giao tilp - Crng xy noi cdng cpng. VI vdy, khi thyc hien cdc hoat dpng tuygn truyin vd to chye quan ly, can bp dja phyong chu y l u dya vao cae quy djnh v l n i p s i n g van minh dd thj. Tuy nhien, nhifng quy djnh v l n i p s i n g vdn minh do thi hien nay van chya bao qudt h i t cdc mat eua ngp s i n g van minh noi cdng cpng.
Cac quy djnh mdi chl d l cap din nhyng hdnh vl vi pham trdt ty, canh quan mdi trydng nhy: t i l u tien bCra bai, phoi phdng khong dung chd, chyi tue... Mdt s i d i l u quy djnh cdn chung Chung ngn r l t khd thyc thi.
Ben canh dd, viec tuyen truyin tren cac phyong tien truyin thdng dai chOng v l ITnh vyc ndy cdn it v l thdi Iypng vd khdng phong phO ve noi dung. Viec giao due trong nhd trydng thi bj bd hep trong pham vl nhyng bai hpc ludn ly. Len c i p trung hpc phi thdng, cac em khdng dype hpc v l van hda giao t i l p - O'ng xCr nya. Ben canh do, ganh nang thi cu' lam cho phu huynh, nhd trydng va cac em khong quan tdm nhilu d i n hanh vl nay.
Trong gia dinh, cdc bac phu huynh it ddnh thdi gian trd chuyen, chl bao, u l n nan nhu'ng hanh vi khdng phil hpp eua ede em. Han c h l ndy mpt phdn nay sinh tCr chinh b i i canh kinh t l - xd hpi hien dai. Tuy nhien, phdn Idn la do budng long ky cuong xd hpl, thllu s y quan tdm cua cdc tdng Idp lanh dao trong viec cung c i y thyc cdng ddng.
V l mat quan niem, eac nhdm ddn cy cho rang ngydi bilt giao tilp - Crng xu' la ngydi ljch sy, nha nhan trong giao tilp, bilt tdn trpng ngydi khdc, tuan thu nhO'ng quy djnh noi cdng cpng va yng x y cd van hda... Tuy nhien, nhyng quan niem eua hp the hien tinh ly tydng hon la trong thyc t l . K i t qua thao ludn va cdng cu phdn loai thy t y yu tien phan anh rang trong thyc t l , cdc hien typng trai vdi quan niem cua hp vdn luon dien ra.
T R A N T H I K I M X U Y S N - PHAM TH! THCIY TRANG - N^P SONG BO TH| O...
Cu the, hdnh vl xay ra thydng xuyen nhat trong cpng d i n g Id viec vui rdc bu-a bai; hut thudc khdng dung noi quy djnh; phdng u l , khae n h i bu'a bai;
chay xe khdng dung quy djnh; gay m i t trdt t y noi edng cdng. Nhdm dyng thu' hai Id cdc hdnh vl: chen I l n , khdng x i p hang; gdy i n do trong khu ddn cy; ndi chuyen thd tue, Idn tilng;
dn mac h d hang. It gap hon nhyng van thydng dien ra Id cdc hanh vi:
khdng nhydng cho cho d i i typng dype yu tien, nhCrng ngydi y l u t h i ; it quan tam giup d d ngydi gap tai nan;
nghe dien thoai lue hdi hpp, xem phim; mdt s l ngydi, nhat Id thanh men, the hien tinh cam thai qud noi cdng cpng.
Trong giao t i l p hdng ngay, ldi ndi cam on ngdy cdng trd nen h i l m hoi hon va hipn typng ndi tuc, chdi t h i d i l n ra nhilu hon. Trong eac nhom khao sat, chi cd nhdm t i l u thyong Id ngydi thydng xuyen ndi cam on. Tuy nhign, nhdm ndy thira nhdn rdng, Idi cdm on chi mdt p h i n Id do hdm on, phin Idn Id vi mong dpi khach hdng cam thdy dg chju hon ma quay lal.
V l mat thdi do, hau nhy ngydi ddn hieu nhu'ng d i l u gi nen lam hoac khong nen lam, vd khi chyng kiln nhO'ng hanh vi phan cam, hp cung bay td s y khd chju, khdng dong tinh. Tuy nhien, cdc thanh vien trong cpng d i n g dan c y thydng khdng gdp y cho nhu'ng ngydi cd hdnh vi thllu van hda, n l u khdng phai Id ngydi quen bilt.
4. BAN LUAN
Nhy vdy, mdc dO chinh quyen vd cae to chirc chinh trj xd hdi dd r i t no lye
trong viec thyc hien cude van dpng n i p s i n g van minh dd thj, nhyng ngydi ddn v i n chya t h i hien n i p s i n g van minh trgn nhieu khia canh.
Cdch thyc hien hanh chinh hda cdc cude van ddng, trong dd cd viec yeu c i u cdc dja phyong thyc hien theo tyng dpt, ehpn tyng trpng diem... cd kha ndng d i n tdi he qua Id m i l khi cd dpt k i l m tra, cdc dja phypng se lam quylt liet de dype danh gid t i t , nhyng sau dd thi budng Idng. Dieu ndy, vya Id nguyen nhan, vCra Id he qua t y "can benh thdnh tich" eua bp may chinh quyin vd cdc t i chCrc xa hpi.
Mat khae, moi khi thyc hien cac dpt vdn ddng, chinh quyin dja phyong thydng chi tap trung Idm t i t d nhyng dja bdn diem. Cac dja ban cdn lai dydng nhy vdn edn du'ng ngodi cudc.
Ben canh dd, dpi ngO edn bd thyc hien cdc cdng vigc kha mdng va dydng nhy chay theo phong trao hon Id lam nhiem vu chuyen mdn mdt each chuyen nghiep. Be gidi quylt viec ndy, ddi hdi phai cd quy djnh chinh thCrc v l n i p s i n g van minh dd thj trong ludt phdp chy khdng phai d l ra cdc phong trao.
T y nhyng phdt hien da neu, chung tdi xin d l x u i t mdt s l gidi phdp sau:
4.1. NhO'ng glal phdp lidn quan tdi cdng tdc t i chCrc thyc hign cupc vdn ddng n i p s i n g van minh dd thj 4.1.1. Chinh quyen khdng nen phdt ddng eac eudc van ddng Idn vd Idu dai trgn quy md todn quic, md de cho cdc tinh/thanh d y a tren nhOng v i n d l thyc te cua dja phypng minh d l xudt
TAP CHI KHOA HOC XA HQI so 9-HO (205*206) 2015 cdc dpt van ddng. 0 thdnh p h i , cude
van dpng " N i p sing vdn minh dd thj"
chl nen dya ra muc tidu vd ndi dung Chung, cdn cdc muc tieu cu the, phyong cdch thyc hien thi nen de he thing chinh trj cap qudn-huypn/
phydng-xd xdc djnh vd lap k l ho^eh thyc hipn, dya trgn tinh hlnh thyc t l cua dja phyong. Cdc c i p phydng ed the thyc hien cac cupc khao sdt theo phyong phdp phdt trien cdng d i n g cd sy tham gia cua ngydi ddn de xdc djnh cac v i n d l cua minh khi xdy dyng k l hoach.
4.1.2. Cai each bd may hanh chinh vd CO c h l truyin thdng theo hydng giam bdt cac tang Idp trung gian, tang cydng s y t i l p xuc tryc tiep giO'a ngypi ddn vdi chinh quyin.
4.1.3. Taeh bach trdch nhiem cua nhdm can bd trong he thing hdnh chinh (thyc thi nhiem vu theo quy pham phdp luat met cdch chuyen nghigp) va he thing cdc to chCre chinh tri-xa hpl (thyc hien nhiem vu van ddng todn dan s i n g theo phdp ludt).
Xac djnh rd chuc nang nhiem vg cua cdc cdng chye trong tCrng vj tri cua he thing qudn ly va gidm sdt xd hdi. Cae to chu'c dodn the ehju trdch nhipm thyc hipn ode dpt vdn dpng. Cdn bp chl thyc thi phap ludt va phai cd xu" ly trach nhidm n l u hp khdng hodn thdnh nhiem vg. 0 ddy, mpt l i n nO'a d n tdi giai phdp tdng cydng nang Iyc cho ngydi thu'a hdnh cong vu, tu'c Id phai thyc hien nghigm luat edng chye.
4.1.4. Djnh hydng lal cdc muc tieu vd hoat ddng eua cdc to chde chinh trj-xd hdi: khdng nen chl ndng v l nhiem vu
chinh trj, van dpng nhan ddn thyc hien dydng l i i chu tryong eua Dang, ma quan tdm nhilu hon d i n ddi sing, sd thich, van hda - tinh t h i n vd y thyc cdng d i n g , tao d i l u kien de nhdn dan cd tieng ndi v l nhu'ng nguygn vpng chinh ddng eua hp.
4.1.5 Tryde vd sau khi to chCrc cdc dpt vdn ddng v l mdt ITnh vyc ndo do ngn t i chye edc cude khdo sat danii gid mdt cdch khoa hpc, khdch quan de tim ra nhyng bdi hpc kinh nghidm vd glal phap phO hpp vdi b i i canh thyc tien. Cdc cudc khao sat khdng nhit thilt phdi quy md Idn, md chl can tiln hanh trong eae khu vyc hay tdng cpng d i n g dd thj nhd vdi edc phypng phap cua phdt trien cdng d i n g , sau dd yng dung edc k i t qua cho chinh cpng d i n g dd,
4.2. NhOng d l x u i t trong cdc ITnh vyc cu t h i cua n i p song van minh dd thj 4.2.1. LTnh vyc an toan giao thong - Nen rd sodt, b i sung vd dieu chinh edc phyong an phdn luing, phdn lan lyu thdng; lap ddt ddy du hp thong bien bdo, den tin hieu giao thong;
thydng xuyen, nhanh chdng khae phgc cdc k h i l m khuylt cua h$ thing den giao thdng, ddn chilu sdng cdng cdng, ddt bien bdo dOng vj tri vd djt tren eao de d§ nhin thay; glal tda triet de ode trydng hpp l i n chilm Idng l4 dydng d l kinh doanh, budn bdn gdy can trd giao thdng.
- Cd the l i p dat edc bang thdng bdo v l mCrc phat tai cdc opt ddn giao thdng, hoac nhdng noi cd the xay ra nhieu trydng hpp vi pham ludt giao
T R A N T H I K I M X U Y E N - PHAM THI THCIY TRANG - N E P S O N G B O T H | 0 . .
thdng, giup cho ngydi tham gia giao thong h l l u d y p e cde hdnh vi vl pham vd mCrc phat de ran de. D i l u ndy cOng tao ra s y minh bach khi canh sdt giao thdng xir phat
- Nghign cu'u cdch thyc tao hinh dnh canh sdt giao thdng trgn dydng d l nhac nhd vd cung c l hdnh vl (dyng cdc bang hinh anh ngydi canh sdt giao thdng trgn dydng p h i mdt cdch thich hpp).
- V l cdng tae truyin truyln-glao due, nen truyin dat k i l n thCrc v l ludt Id giao thdng cho cdc em hpe sinh vdi nhO'ng hlnh thu'c sinh ddng, phu hpp vdi ICra tuoi. Gia dinh cd trach nhiem gido dgc con cdi c h i p hanh t i t ludt giao thdng bang s y gyong mdu cua ngydi Idn. Cac cpng d i n g phai thydng xuyen cd nhu'ng cupc sinh hoat, thao ludn vg ndng cao van hda giao thdng cho ngydi dan, t y gidc chip hdnh ludt giao thong dydng bp, cy XU' hda nhd, nhydng nhjn khi xay ra s y c i giao thdng trgn dudng. Khi to chCrc gido due truyen truyen, ngn mdi bdo cdo vien Id cdnh sdt giao thdng d i n ndi ehuypn v l ky thudt tham gia giao thdng vd ede mde xCr phat hdnh chinh d i i vdi ngydi vi pham ludt giao thdng.
- Ve che tai, tdng eydng hinh thyc xu' ph^it vi pham qua hinh dnh ghi dype t y camera...; tdng eydng ndng Iyc cy&ng c h l , xu- phat cua canh sat giao thdng b i n g each thyc hien nghigm chinh, gia tang cde myc phat doi vdl cde vi pham ludt giao thdng vd l i n c h i l m Idng l l dydng. Ngodi vipe nop t i l n , can cd thgm hinh thCrc phat bang
lao ddng cdng ich de cd tinh ran de nhilu hon. Kign quylt ky luat nhu'ng can bp khdng hoan thanh nhiem vu vd cd bien phap xCr ly nghiem khic nhOng cdn bd, ehlin sT cd hdnh vi tidu cyc trong k i l m tra, x y ly vi ph?m trat t y an todn giao thdng.
4.2.2. LTnh vyc ve sinh mdi trydng - Ve CO s o vdt chit, d n ddt them thung rac vd nhd ve sinh cdng cpng d k h i p npl trong thdnh p h i , vd Idm mpt cdch hpp ly ( v l vj tri, kich ed, tien Ipi, thydng xuyen thu gom...). D i l u ndy r i t d n trong nhyng ngdy le T i t vd d nhirng khu vyc tap trung nhilu khach vdng lal. L i p ddt camera ghi lai nhyng hanh vi vi pham, ho trp cho vide canh bdo va thyc hien cac bien phdp c h l tdi hieu qua hpn.
- V l mat truyen thdng, can phoi hpp vdl cac to chirc qudn chung, nhyng ngydi Idm cdng tdc thyc t l d cdng d i n g va chinh nhdng ngydi ddn tai tCrng khu vyc tham gia soan thao vd thyc hien cdc giai phdp tuygn truyin tyong Crng vdi cdng d i n g . D y a ndi dung giao dgc "vp sinh cdng cpng"
vdo cdc nhd trydng p h i thdng, thdm chi ngay tir trydng mdu gido vd ed cap hpe dai hpc, Phyong tien truyen thdng d^i chOng can d y a nhilu hon nhyng tin tye, hlnh anh v l tac h$i cua d nhiim mdi trydng, v l x y phat vi pham. Cdng tdc tuygn truyin gido due t i t se lam cho ngydi ddn nhdn ra lpi ich cdng d i n g vd lpi Ich Idu ddi.
- v l viec thu gom va xir ly rac, cdn cd bien phdp thing nhit hai he thing thu gem rdc ddn lap vd cdng lap. Tao d i i u kien cho nhdn vign ve sinh vya thu
TAP CHl KHOA HOC XA HQI so 9+10 (205*2j gom rdc, vira tuygn truyen vd nhac
nho ngydi ddn. Hp cung c i n cd them chii'C ndng bdc cao nhO'ng hien typng b i t i n ve ve sinh d tirng cdng d i n g . - Giao trdch nhiem cho cdc co quan, to chirc ddng trgn dja ban thdnh p h i phdi dam bao vg sinh trong vd ngodi khu vyc cua hp, x d phat that ndng m i l khi edc co quan to chCrc ndy vi pham qui djnh.
4.2.3. LTnh vyc giao t i l p , yng xu- noi cdng cdng
- Hign nay van ban phdp quy v i giao tiep-Crng xir noi cdng cdng cua cdc cudc van dpng mdi chl d l cap tdi npi dung Crng xCr noi cdng edng, nen b i sung them npl dung v l giao tiip Ijch sy giu'a ngydi vdl ngydi.
Viee dya ra nhyng quy djnh chung dype soan thao bdi Ban van ddng n i p s i n g van minh do thi Id chya hpp ly. Thdnh p h i nen yeu d u cac thilt c h i (CO quan, trydng hpc, co sd djch vg cdng d i n g dan ey...) thao ludn vd dya ra nhyng quy djnh cg t h i , phg hpp vdi tirng thilt che.
Viec truygn truyin nen ed cdc npl dung va hlnh thirc phO hpp vdl tirng nhdm tuoi va dac diem nghi nghiep cua hp. Hdnh vl giap t i i p yng xy cd van hda noi cdng cdng d n dype dya vao npl dung gidp dgc ky ndng s i n g cho hpc sinh d t i t ca cdc c i p hpc, tir nhd tre tdi trydng pho thdng tmng hpc, cdc trydng day n g h i , cao dang va dai hpc. Khdng ehi nhyng cdch yng xu' noi edng cdng, vipe giao due v i Idng t y trpng, v i tinh Ijch sy cOng d n dype lan tdi cac nhdm xa hdi khde nhau.
- Cdn bd vd nhdn vien Idm cdc cdng viec t i l p xuc vdl ngydi ddn d n dype hpe quy c h l Crng xu' vd chju sy kiem sodt, c h l tdi mdt cdch nghigm khic.
Hp khdng chl Idm dung quy djnh danh cho minh ma cdn cd nghTa vg Idm gyong vd giup d i l u chinh hdnh vl cua cdng dan.
Tai nhyng noi cdng cpng c i n cd nhu'ng b i l n thdng bdo ndi quy vd canh bdo nhyng hanh vl khdng dype Idm (md hinh d rap chiiu phim). NhO'ng noi ddi hdi ngydi ddn x i p hang ndn tao ra cdc hdng rdo hay eae ddi ngan each hO'U hinh hoac vd hlnh, bu^c ngydi dan phai tudn thu (nhy md hinh d sdn bay).
5. THAY L O I K f T
Nghign cCru ndy Id mpt thy nghidm mang tinh thdm dd, chii y l u dya tren t i l p cdn chu quan, tu' gde nhin cua nhyng ngydi trong cupc. Nd khdng phan dnh todn bp thyc tr^ng nip song vdn minh dd thj d thdnh p h i , md chl d i cap d i n nhu'ng b i i u hipn v i kiln thCre, thai dp va hdnh vl cua ngydi ddn trong cae ITnh vyc khdc nhau cua nep s i n g van minh dd thj d hai dja bdn tidu b i i u eho cde nhdm dan cu cua TPHCM trong b i i canh hien t?i.
K i t qua va nhO'ng phdt hign t d cu§c nghign cyu phan dnh nhu'ng diem manh vd nhu'ng han c h l trong cdng tdc quan ly dd thj vd vigc to chde cdc cude vdn ddng xdy dyng n i p sing van minh dd thj d thdnh p h i . T i l p cdn KAB Id mdt t i l p cdn phii hpp vdi ehu de nghien cyu ndy. Vi v|y phyong phap nghign cyu hdnh ddng
TRAN T H I KIM XUYtN - PHAM THI THCIY TRANG - NfeP S O N G B O TH! O..
cd s y tham gia cua ngydi ddn can d y p e t i l p tue hoan thien vd thyc hien cd s y k i t hpp vdi edc phyong phap khdch quan khdc n h i m t?o ra mpt k i t qua mang tinh he thong. D i n g thdi, nhdng eudc khao sdt vdi mgc tieu xay dyng n i p s i n g van minh dd thj c i n dype thyc hien ehuygn sdu vdl cae nhdm d i i typng dac thu vd nhO'ng nhu cau cg the cua tyng khu vyc dd thj vd ndng thdn khdc nhau.
Viec xdy dyng n i p s i n g van minh dd thj la vipe Idm khd khan vd Idu ddi, llgn quan tdi nhilu ITnh vyc, nhilu d p dp khdc nhau (cap dp thdnh p h i , khu vyc.
edng d i n g dan ey), nhiiu khia canh khde nhau (khdch quan, chu quan), dpi hpl khdng chi cae nhd quan ly ehinh quyin, he thing chinh trj md ca cdc nhd khoa hpc vd todn t h i nhan ddn phai cung tham gia. Tuy nhign, d i i u quan trpng nhit la phai thyc hien met cdch ed hg thong, tyng byde, vd phai h i t sdc cyong quylt, khdng dyng lai d ldi keu gpi ehung chung hay tyng dpt phat ddng phong trdo.
Hon bao gid h i t va hon d ddu hit, khau hieu "sing va lam vipe theo phap luat" phai trd thdnh hien thyc trong mdt dd thj van mlnh-hlen dai nhy TPHCM. •
CHO THiCH
*'' NhO'ng cdn bO cap qudn [PhO ChO tich qudn phy trach ve Trdt ly Bo thi vd Trudng Phong MOi tru'dng thuOc qudn 5 vd qudn 8 (tham gia phong vdn sau)]; Can bp cap phu-dng [Chu tich phudng vd PhO Chu tjch phu trdch Vdn hoa-xd hOi qudn 8, Pho Chu tjch phu trach Trdt ty (J6 thi qudn 5, PhO Trudng phOng phy trach Moi trudng qu$n 5 (phong vdn sdu); Cac cdn bO cua phudng 2 (qudn 5) va phudng 8 (qudn 8)].
*^' Tieu thuong vd nhO'ng ngudi buOn ganh bdn bung hay ddy xe bdn tr&n dudng pho... a qudn 8 vd qudn 5 {Kl 36-60 luoi).
'^^ Xem them chuong 2, phdn dac trung cdc cudc van dOng nep sdng van mmh 66 th| cua Bdo cdo d l tdi khoa hpc cap Sd Xiy dung nip sing van minh dd thi tai TPHCH^ td cich tiip cin nghiin cwu hinh ddng ding tham gia: thuc trang va dc giii phap.
*''* 0 thdi diem hodn thi§n bdo cap thdm djnh, Ludt Moi tardng sua dpi nam 2014 da dupe ban hdnh.