TRAO DOI - DIEN DAN Kn
Tri thurc ban dja trong cong tac quan ly tai nguyen dat ngap ni/6c khu virc ho Ba Be
j ThS. NGAN NGQCVY I Bd TN&MT
I
Ben cgnh nguon tri thufc khoa hgc hien dgi, trong suot qud trinh ton tgi, sinh song gan bd idu ddi vdi nguon tdi nguyen ddt ngap ni/dc (DNN), ngWdiddn bdn dja khu vu'c ho Ba Bedd tich luy duac mgt he thong tri thufc vd sinh kerdt phong phu, da dgng vd quy gid. Tri thufc bdn dja Id nhihtg kinh nghiem dd dUgc thijf thdch, toi luyen qua nhieu ndm sCrdung. NhCtng diem yeu ddn duac cdi thien cimg vdi tha^ gian, nhufng tinh tuy dUac chdt tgc vd cuoi ciing la hodn thien vd j pho cap. Tri t/iiit bdn dia la nhCtng kinh nghiem, nhUng no lgi phdi phii hop vdi moi trUdng, vdn I hoa moi vimg, cgng dong va tCfng tgc ngUdi.• Khu vile vung loi cua VGQ Ba Bi' thudc dia bdn xd Nam Mdu, huyin Ba Be dangduy tri, kSthiia vd dp dungtri thUc bdn dia
TRI THCTC B A N D I A TRONG C O N G l/OC RAMSARS
Theo Cdng ddc Ramsars, tri thde bin dia trong edi^ tac quin ly DNN la toan bd h | thdng kien thdc kinh ngMem vl bio tdn va sd dyi^ben vdng tii nguyin DNN cua cic cd din ban dja, hogc cda mpt cpng ddng din tpc tdn tgi va phit trien troi^ tdng hoin cinh cy thi vdi sy ddng gdp eda mpi thinh vien trong cpng ddi^ tgi mdt khu Ramsars (d mpt vung dja ly nhit djnh).
Cdng theo Cdng ude Ramsar. d l thyc Men thinh cdng vi|c quan ly DNN, can cd sy tham gia eda cpng ddng cd dan ban dja, tren nguyin
tac nhdng ngUdi sd dyng tai nguyin phai la ngddi quin ly hpp phap, ed trich nhi|m doi vdi ngudn tii nguyin dd.
Sy tham gia cda cgng ddng dja phyong vi ngddi din bin dia trong quan ly ngudn tai nguyin DNN dugc hieu la phdPng phip hoac co che ddng quin ly hdi cic bin Uln quan vdi nhdng lgi ich vi trach nMem khic nhau, gdm:
cpng doi^ dja phdPng, ngddi
dan bin dia. cic nhdm sd thich vi cP quan nha nddc. Khii niem "ngUdi dan bin dja" cd the dddc Meu rat khic nhau d cic qudc gia eung nhd d trong eung mdt qudc gia, khii ni|m
"cpng ddng dja phuong" cd the bao gdm cac ben Uln quan cd the sdng each xa khu Ramsa nhung ho van ed nhdng lpi ich mang tinh lich sd td ngudn tii nguyin DNN (Hgi ngM hen kit cic bin lan thd 7 ve Cdng Udc Ramsa, 1999).
SI/HINHTHANHTRI T H 0 C BAN DIA KHU VlTC H O BA BE
Tren the gidi, da cd nMeu nghiln cdu ve tri thdc bin dja tren nMeu linh vyc cua ddi sdng xi hdi, d Vl|t Nam, cac ngMen cdu ve kien thde bin dja cdng da bat dau dUde quan tam, trong dd ed mdt sd ngMin cdu trong linh vdc quan ly tii nguyin tMin nhiin. Ben cgnh dd, trong nhdng nam gan diy, vai trd quan trpng cua ngddi din bin dja cung vdi kiln thdc cua hg trong quan ly va bao tdn tMen nhien, trong dd cd kiln thdc ban dja trong quin ly DNN ngay cang dupe thda nhgn vi quan tim nMlu hdn.
So 7/2015 Mol trddng 131
GIAI PHAP & C O N G N G H E X A N H
m
dat dai va nhilu kiln thdc khic vl sau thu hogch, bio tdn cae loii... van ddpc ngddi din duy tri, ip dyng de duy tri sinh kl cua hp. Cic nha khoa hgc quan tim, nghien cdu kho tang quy gii nay...
M 6 T S O D E XUAT, KIEN N G H I D O I VOl CAC B £ N LIEN QUAN
Vdi nhdng lpi ich mi tri thde ban dja mang lgi, td ngUdi dan ban dja den eic nhi ngMen edu. Ban quan ly VQG Ba Be vi chinh quyln dja phypng diu nhgn thdc rd gia trj va tam quan trgng cua tri thdc ban dja trong phat trien kinh te - xi hgi ndi ehung vi quin ly DNN ndi rilng, d l bio tdn va phat huy nhdng gia tri, ddng gdp tich cdc cda tri thdc bin dja trong edng tie quan If DNN khu vyc hd Ba Bl, cin thyc hien mdt sd giii phip sau:
Tang cddng cic hogt ddng nang cao nhgn thdc, tuyin truyen rpng rai tdi ngddi din vi eic bin lien quan ve vi|c bio tdn vi phit huy nhdng gii trj tieh eye vi hi|u qui cua tri thdc bin dja trong edng tie quin ly DNN.
Xiy ddng co che chinh sich phu hpp nham bao tdn va phat huy nhdng gid trj tieh cyc cda he thdng tri thdc bin dja trong cdng tie quan ly DNN tgi khu vyc hd BaBl.
Xay dyng moi quan he phd hpp, hieu qui vi ben vdng gida tri thdc bin dja vi tri thdc khoa hpc, hien dgi trong cdng tie quin ly DNN tgi khu vyc hd Ba Bl.
Tien hanh nghien cdu, dinh gii mpt cich khoa hpc vl he thdng tri thdc bin dja trong cdng tie quan ly DNN tgi khu vdc hd Ba Be, td dd cung cip nhdng di xuit kiln nghj khach quan va khi thi nham quin ly bin vdng DNN khu vifc hd Ba Be.
Cic bin liln quan, dgc biet la chinh quyen dja phdPng va Ban quin ly VQG Ba Be can nhgn thde rd trach nhiem cda minh trong viec hd trp cdng ddng cd din bin dja dang ky bin quyen sd hdu vi sd dyng kho ting tri thdc ban dja cua hp trong quan ly DNN khu vyc hd Ba B ^
I ^Vi/dn quoc gia Ben En day manh urng dung tien bo khoa hoc trong cong tac bao ton he sinh thai
V
ydn qudc gia (VQG) Bin En cich TP Thanh Hda 46 km ve phia Tay Nam, trai rdng trin 2 huyen Nhu Xuan vi NhU Thanh, dUdc thanh Igp nam 1992 vdi tdng dien tich 16.643 ha, trong do cd 8.544 ha rdng nguyen sinh va tai sinh.Noi diy ddpc vi nhu "Hg Long tren cgn" bdi vl dep hoang sd vdi rdng xanh bgt ngin, miy nddc lung linh.
Dilm nhan tgo nin ve dep ky vy cda VQG Ben En li hd Ben En hay cdn goi la sdng Myc rdng khoang 4.000 ha, siu hing chye met, gdm hd Thupng vi hd Hg, nim d dd eao khoang 200 m so vdi myc nyde bien, mat sdng bdn mda phang ling, miu nddc trong xanh. Dgc biet, VQG Bin En rat phong phd ve cac loai ddng, thUc vit quy, hilm. PMa Bac VQG Ii nhdng day nui di vdi trii dii, thudc cac xi Hai Van, Xuan Khang, Xuan Thai vdi nMeu hang dpng edn gid ddpc vl hoang so
ty nMIn nhu hang Ngpc, hang Ddi, hang Xuin Thii... Trong dd, ding chd y nhat Ii quan the thang cinh hang Ngpc va eiy lim tram tudi ddoc vi nhu bieu tupng eda VQG Ben En.
Trong nhdng nam gan diy, nhd day mgnh cdng tic ngMin cdu vi dng dyng tien bp khoa hpe ky thugt trong cdng tic bio tdn vi phit triln VQG Ben Bn, Ban Quan ly VQG da xiy dUng vi phat triln thinh cdng he sinh thai (HST) da dgng cda rdng nMet ddi, phuc vu ylu can bao tdn i ^ d n tii nguyen quy, Mem kit hop vdi phat triln du Uch sinh thai. H | thyc vit d VQG thudc HST rdng nui dat nMet ddi am, la trung tim phan bd cda cac logi cay thudc kilu rdng thddng xanh vdi 1.417 loii thUc vit, thupc 712 cM, 191 hp, 76 bd, 9 ldp va 6 nganh thye vit hgc eao ed mgch, trong do cd 34 loii thdc vat quy, MIm nhu Um xanh, sang le, lat boa, tiu mat, gdi nep, trai ly, bin xe... die Met la trin
56 7/2015 Mot trtidng I 33
M TRAO DOI - DIEN DAN
Trii dii theo hch sd tdn tgi va thay ddi cua hd Ba Bl, td xa xda tgi khu vdc hd di la noi cU ngy eua cpng ddng mdt sd din tdc tMeu sd, chu ylu li ngUdi ngUdi Tay sau dd la ngUdi Dao vi ngddi H'Mdng. Vi viy, cdng vdi Ijch sd tdn tgi cua hd Ba Be thi cung la sy tdn tgi van hda cua cie dan tdc djnh cU xung quanh hd. De tdn tgi vi phit trien, td bao ddi nay, nhdng cU dan ngddi dan tde thieu sd d diy di ed nhdng tri thde, sinh kl trong vi|c khai thic va bao tdn DNN khu vyc hd Ba Bl.
Trong sudt qua trinh ton tgi, sinh sdng gin bd liu ddi vdi ngudn tai nguyen DNN ngUdi din bin dja khu vdc hd Ba Bl da tich luy dupe mdt he thdng tri thde vi sinh kl phong phd, da dang vi quy gia He thdng tri thdc bin dja cda ngUdi din dja phuong lien quan din tai nguyin DNN rat da dgng. Bin cgnh ylu td Uch sd vi van hda, tri thdc ban dja la mdt ngudn tri thdc quan trgng khdng the thilu trong viec khai thic vi bio tdn ngudn tai nguyin tMin nhiin tgi khu vdc hd Ba Be.
Tdm quan trgng cua tri thdc bdn dia trong cdng tdc qudn ly tdi nguyin DNN tgi khu vUc hoBaBi
He thdng tri thdc bin dja cua ngddi dan dia phuong Uln quan den tai nguyin DNN rat da dang, bin cgnh ylu td Ijch sd va van hda, tri thdc ban dja li mpt ngudn tri thdc quan trgng khdng tbi thilu trong viec khai thac, bio tdn ngudn tai nguyin thiin nMen ndi chung vi tii nguyin DNN tgi khu vyc hd Ba Be.
Hien nay, tri thdc ban dja da vi dang ddng gdp mgt phan quan trgng vao viee giii quyet cac van dl cua dja phuong nhU: Ndng ngMep (ky thugt xen canh, chin nudi, quan ly sau benh, da dgng cay trdng, chim sde sdc khoe vit nudi, chpn gidng ciy trdng); Sinh hpc (thUc vat hpe, ky thugt nudi ci); Chim sdc sdc khoe cdng ddng (bang cac phUdng thudc truyen thong);
Sd dyng vi quan ly tai nguyin tMin nhiin, trong dd cd cdng tic quan ly DNN vi xda ddi giim nghio tgi khu vyc hd Ba Bl.
Kl td kM Vudn qudc gia (VQG) Ba Bl ddpc thinh Igp (nam 1992), cung vdi vi|c triln khai thye hi|n eac dd an phat triln do cic td chdc qudc tl tii trp nhU: Dy in "Xay dyng cic Khu bao tdn nhim bio ve tii nguyin tMen nhiin trin co sd sinh thai eanh quan" (PARC) do Chuong trinh phit trien Lien hpp qudc (UNDP) tai trp; Dy in "Bio tdn da dgng sinh hpc cic h | sinh thai rdng tgi Viet Nam' do To chdc Hpp tac phit trien Ddc (GIZ) tii trp; Dy
an Quan iy ben vdng ngudn tii nguyin tMin nhien vi xda ddi giim ngheo do Helvetas tai trd... Cic kiln thdc, phddng phip khoa hpc vi cdng nghe Men dai di dddc gidi thi|u vi bddc dau dugc ap dyng tgi VQG Ba Bl trong sinh kl vi quan ly tai nguyen tMen nhien cua ngddi din dja phddng.
Bin cgnh dd, ngddi dan bin dia khu vdc hd Ba Be vi nhdng nhi quan ly (Ban quin ly VQG Ba Be, UBND xa Nam
Mau, UBND huyin Ba Be) deu ke thda va duy tri viec ap dyng nhdng tri thdc bin d^
vio tich hgp vi sd dyng hiju qua trong edng tic quan 1;^ ^i nguyen DNN tgi khu vyc hfi BaBl.
Hien nay, tgi khu vdc VQ(a Ba Be, ehu ylu la eac thdn khu vdc vung Idi cua VGQ Ba B^
thupc dia ban xa Nam Mh, huyen Ba Bl dang duy tri, U thda vi ip dyng tri thde ban dja trong mdt sd linh vdc sau:
_ He thong tri thirc bAn aja auw:^ Ghi chu 1
ap dung trong iinh Vifc, sinh ke 3 1
2 3 4 5
Quan l y i i i nguyen rimg oanh bit ca trong I6ng ho Ba B5 Canh tac nfing nghifip BSo quin. che bien sau thu hoach Chan nu61
ChCi yeu la khai thac cac san pham phi lam nghiep.
Khfing co hoat 56ng nuoi trong thi^
san tren mat ho.
ChCi yeu va lua 1 vu va hoa mau truySn
Chu yeu ia trau bo va gia cSm «]
Theo ngddi din bin dia tai thdn Pie Ngdi, xa Nam Mau cho bilt, hi|n nay ben cgnh nhdng kiln thdc.
phdong phap, md hinh khoa hoc hien dai dupe Ban quin ly VQG Ba Be vi UBND xa Nam Man, ho trp ngddi dan ap dyng trong phit triln kinh tl - xi hdi d dja phypng, tri thdc bin dja da gidp ngUdi dan bin dja, cic nha khoa hpc, nha quan ly giii quylt, xd ly hieu qui nhdng van dl phdc tgp, ddi hdi can ed thdi gian, sy hieu bilt siu sic vi thich dng. phd hpp vdi Uch sd, vin hda va sinh ke truyin thdng cua dja phdong trong linh VUc quin ly tai nguyin thiin nhiin trong dd cd DNN.
Trong kho tang he thdng tri thde ban dja khu vyc hd Ba Be, nhdng kien thdc phddng phip vl dinh bit ci, khai thac vi bao quin cae san pham phi lam sin, thuan
hda eiy trdng, giy gidng lua va hoa miu eua dia phddng da bd sung vio kho tang tri thdc chung cua cdng dongvi gidp eac nha khoa hoc, nhi quin ly nhin thdc dung dan ve nguyen tac, thdi quen, t?p quin trong quan ly tai nguyen tMen nhien, dgc biet la cdng tie quin ly DNN.
Td dd, eac nhi quan ^ nhi khoa hgc da nhgn thiic rd vai trd vi tam quan trpng cua he thdng tri thdc ban dja va dng dung Unh hogt trong viec quan ly va trien khai cac dd an vl hgp tic phat triln, xda ddi giam ngheo, quan Ij tai nguyen thiin nMIn, d^c biet li cdng tic quan ly DNN khu vye hd BaBl.
Ong Ndng Dinh Khufi nguyin Phd Giam ddc VQC Ba Bl) cho bilt, hien na;
cic tri thde bin dia vl ndi^
ngMep, ndng lim kit hpf cay trdng, quin ly sau h$
32 M o l t m d n g So 7/201S