JOURNAL OF SCIENCE OF HNUE
Social Sci., 2010, Vol. 55, No. 2, pp. 59-66
DAU VET CO TRONG VAN BAN THIEN CHUA THANH GIAO KHAI MONG CUA JERONYMO MAYORICA
Nguyen Thi Tu Mai
Trudng Dai hoc Su pham Hd Ndi
M d dau
Jeronymo Mayorica la tu si ddng Ten ngUdi Y tQng din truyin gido d Viet Nam tQ diu thi ki XVII, cung thdi vdi Alexandre De Rhodes. NhQng ndm truyin giao tai khu vuc Dang Ngodi, dng da eho soan nhiiu vdn ban cdng giao bang chu Ndm. Day la nhQng tai lieu quy hiim di tim hiiu vi chfl Ndm va tiing Viet lieh sQ, nhit la trong hoan canh hien nay, tac phdm vdn xuOi Nom thi ki XVII edn lai rit it. Khio sat vdn bin Thien chua thdnh gido khdi mdng cua Jeronymo Mayorica, chung tdi nhan thiy nhiiu diu vit chfl Nom va tiing Viet cd tQ thi ki XVII trd vi trQdc.
2. Noi dung nghien ciJu
Van bin Thien chua thdnh gido khdi mdng ^ ± S # I? ^ bang chQ NOm ma chung toi CO la ban photocopy dinh kem trong eudn sach eung ten. Sdch khOng di ngQdi bign soan, phien am, chu giai, noi xuit ban; diu bia cd di ten tae gia la GIERONIMO MAYORICA S.J, cudi bia cd ndm xuit ban la 2003 va ddng chQ LUU
H A N H N O I B O - Day la loai sach kha dac biet, nam trong chuong trinh cdng bd gidi thieu nhdm sach Han Ndm cdng gido gdm ban 100 eudn. Sach cd 2 phin, phin diu la bin phien am va chu thich bang tiing Viet hien dai (soan gia ghi la B A N QUOC NGU), gdm 161 trang; phin sau la bin ehup van ban chfl NOm (soan gia ghi la B A N C H U NOM), gdm 159 trang. 0 pham vi bai viit, chung tOi di cap din ban chfl NOm nay (sau day gpi tdt la "van bin" hoac "TCTGKM").
2.1. Vg d i e n m a o v a n b a n
\^ la bin photocopy ngn cdc thOng tin vi kfch thude khd sach, bia, mau giiy, mau muc... khong phin anh dupc ro. Vdn ban bat diu bang 1 trang ed 6 chfl "Thien ehua thanh giao khii mong" ^ ± IS 1^ U ^ , khd to, viet dpc chiem hit trang, ehung toi doan la trang bia hoac bia lot cua sach. Sau dd la cac trang chfl Nom, mdi trang
Nguygn Thi Tu Mai
cd 9 cot, mdi cot diy du dao dpng khoang 21-22 chfl. Trang thQ 2 sau trang bia, trang thQ 68 va trang cudi cung, mdi trang cd mpt diu trdn dudng kinh 02cm, bien ngoai cd ddng chQ "Bibliotheque Nationale - Manuscrits", d gifla cdchfl "R.F". 0 gde trai eua li tren trang thQ 2 cd ddng chQ viit tay "Fo... m . . . 366", rit khd doan.
Trong bai khao cQu vi sd sach chfl Nom cua Jeronymo Mayorica, giao su Hoang Xuan Han cho biet: "Nam 1951, trong khi ke khai thu muc vi nhflng sach bang chfl Nom luu trfl tai Thu vien qudc gia Paris, toi da tim ra mpt sd ban thao cua nha thfla sai dd, edn nguyen tQ thdi tie gii. Tit ca diu xuat xQ tQ mpt chung vien Truyin giao ngoai qudc, va da dupc xip vao ngan Han tu, nhit ngan Fourmont. Hiu hit cung mOt khd chung (16x25) viit-trgn giiy gid, ddng theo sach nho, bia bang vd cay phit cay. Mau bia xam xam, mim va dai" [7]. Trang diu eudn Thien chua thdnh gido hoi tpi kinh cua Jeronymo Mayorica S.J [6] cung cd ddng chfl di "Fourm 369", net chfl gidng vdi "Fo... m... 366". Vdi nhflng gOi y nay, cd thi doan dinh chfl
"Fo... m... 366" nghia la "Fourm 366".
Trang thQ 104 (231 theo each danh sd ciia sach) chfl Nom khac hdn vdi cae trang cdn lai, cd le do ngudi khac viit. Khio sat cho thiy chfl Nom d trang 231 cd each viit mdi ban d cae trang cdn lai, vf nhu "nen" W , "con" ?S , "nghe" M , "gid"
B^, "xin" "T" (trong khi cac trang cdn lai viit la ¥ , S , 1:, # , Hi). Budc diu chung tdi nhan dinh trang 231 la do ngudi ddi sau bd sung vao.
Chfl Nom trong van bin cd ldi viit dQng, kha di dpc, trQ trang 231 ra, eac trang cdn lai la do 1 ngQdi viit. Cae net mac ngang, mac xien dupc ngudi chep nhan rit dam va keo dai, hiu hit vupt ra ngoai khd chfl. Nhflng net phiy ndm phia trii chfl hoac bo phan cua chfl thudng dupe viet cong ban binh thudng, tao mde d eudi net. Nhflng net ngang, mac mde hit cd hudng hdi phong rd net. Cae net mac nhin chung dupc nhin dam hpn so vdi toan the chfl. So sanh vdi anh ehup Lam San thuc luc ma Nguyin Dien Nien khio chQng va xac dinh cd nien dai thdi Le trung hung khoang nam 1715 [12] thi chfl viit kha gidng, tuy nhien, ldi viit trong Lam Sdn thiic luc ro rang ngay ngdn hdn, ldi viit trong TCTGKM rdi hon. Trong van ban, nhflng cho nhim lin vi trf 2 chfl liin nhau dudc bao hieu doe Ion trat tu bdi dau mde 2 diu d ben phai chfl. Nhflng chd viit nhim bd di thi ben canh chfl bd di cd ghi K Nhflng chfl bd sung thudng dupe viet ben li phai d vi tri cin bd sung.
2 . 2 . v i ngu'di c h e p v a n i e n d a i
Trang diu cua van ban cho biit vi soan gia: "thay ca Gie-ro-ni-mo lam ra tieng An Nam". "Gie-ro-ni-mo" la each phien am ten cua Jeronymo Mayorica. Cac tai lieu [1], [2], [7], [15] deu cho biit di thuan tien cho viec rao giang dao Thien chQa d vung d i t mdi, Mayorica da soan mpt sd sach giao ly bdng chfl Nom dudi sU tro giup cua cac thiy giang ngUdi dia phuong. Van ban TCTGKM khong di ten
Dau vit ci trong vdn bdn Thien chua thanh giao Khai Mdng ciia Jeronymo Mayorica
ngudi chep, cung khdng di nien dai (*). Xem xet mOt sd .quyen trong nhdm sach chfl NOm cua Mayorica da dupc edng bd, chung toi thiy net chfl d TCTGKM kha gidng vdi chfl d eudn Nhiing diiu ngam trong cdc ngdy li trong - quyen thQ nhit va eudn Thien chua thdnh gido hoi tpi kinh [4], [6] (sau day lin lupt gpi tdt la NDN, HTK). Ngoai ra, chQ Nom d ca 3 van bin cung cd nhiiu diem tUOng ddng nhung lupng chQ Nom vay mQpn nhiiu hPn hdn chQ Nom tQ tao, mOt sd chQ viit tat gidng nhau (chfl "thanh" cd phin tren gidng nhu chfl "a" viit tat, chfl "minh" cd phin dudi gidng chfl "binh")...
0 trang ddu eudn NDN vd HTK cung cd 1 diu trdn R.F, d gde trai li tren cua NDN edn chfl viit tay di ten 1 ngudi la "Vito Trf. Khi tim thiy nhdm van bin chfl NOm cua Mayorica, gido su Hoang Xuan Han cd nhan dinh rang tu lieu iy "cdn nguyen tfl thdi tac gia", da phin cd ldi viit thao cd, thuOc thi ky XVII hay XVIII, rit di doe va nhiiu trang khd dep, trong nhiiu quyin, cd chep ca ten ngUdi sao lai, VI nhu Vito Trf [7]. Vito Trf vdn la mOt thiy giang ngudi Bdc ki, thang 1 nam 1670, trong Li phong chQc diu tign tai Dang Ngoai cua Giao Hpi Thien chua giao Viet Nam, DQc cha Louis Neez (1680 - 1764) - Giam Mue dai dien TOng Tda Tdy Dang Ngodi da phong Vito Tri chQc Linh muc. Cung trong eudn Cdc tu lieu ve hdng gido si Ddng ngodi cua DQc cha Louis Neez (Documents sur le clerge tonkinois, do Linh muc sQ gia Adrien Launay xuit bin tai Paris nam 1925), thi vao "thang 1 ndm 1670 (...) Thay Vito Trf chi mdi 30 tudi" [11]. Nhu vay, ude doan Vito Trf sinh khoang nam 1641, khi Mayorica mit, Vito Tri mdi 15 tudi. Chung toi khong chdc ehdn rdng NDN la eudn sach ma Mayorica dpc cho Vito Trf chep lai, nhung chdc chan rang nien dai cua NDN la d thi ki XVII. Vin de vi ngudi chep TCTGKM, hien chung toi chua cd thOng tin ehinh xac, nhung vi nien dai, cd the manh dan cho rang vdn ban TCTGKM chung tdi cd la vdn bin thuOc thi ki XVII vdi nhQng dac diim chQ Nom ma chung tdi se nhae din sau day.
* Vi nien dai cua nhdm tae phim chQ Nom ciia Mayorica, giao sQ Vu Van Kinh cd nhan dinh "ngay mpt bp sach toan Nom (ban chep tay) cua MAIORICA thuat, viet xong ngay 12 thang 7 nien hieu Phuc Thai thQ tQ. Phuc Thai la nien hieu cua Le Chan Tong (1643-1649)" [10;13]. Tuy nhien, ehung toi khong chac chin van ban ma chung tOi cd co trung vdi vdn ban ma giao su nhae din hay khdng.
2.3. Vai dac digm vg chiJ Nom va tiing Viet ciia T C T G K M
Van ban TCTGKM cd 1393 chfl NOm khac nhau. So bp khao sat, chung tdi nhan thiy chfl Nom cua van ban cdn bao tdn dupc nhflng net cd.
Nguyin Thi Tu Mai ^ ,
2.3.1. Van ban TCTGKM co s6 lUdng chii Nom vay miidn kha ldn Trong 1393 chfl Nom ciia van ban, cd 78,4% la loai chfl Nom vay mQpn, tap trung nhieu nhat vao loai chfl Nom mUpn hinh thi, khong mUpn nghia va dpc chech am Han Viet (theo sQ phan loai cua Nguyin Ngpc San la loai A4), loai nay chiem 36,17%. Cd thi so sanh vdi mOt sd van ban khac theo thdng ke cua eac tac gia Nguyin Ta Nhi, Nguyin Thi Lam, Hoang Thi Ngp, Nguyin Tuin Cudng, Trin Trpng Duang [3], [13], [14] trong bing sau:
Van ban Phdt thuyet
Qudc dm thi tap (100 bai) TCTGKM
Thien nam ngii luc Truyen Kiiu (LVD 1871) Khda hu luc gidi dm
Nien dai XV
chep lai tQ ban the ki XV
?
XVII 1795 1861
Tong so chii 4.177 4.342 1.086 3.673 22.778 9.396
Ti le chii Nom vay miidn %
84,52 82,02 78,40 71,20 68,24 57,51 Theo cac nha nghien cQu, hch sQ phat triin cua chQ Nom la di tQ gia ta (vay mupn chQ Han) sang hinh thanh (tQ tao chQ Nom theo pbQOng phap hinh thanh eua chfl Han), vi vay van bin ed loai chfl Nom vay mUpn cang nhieu thi nien dai cang cd kha ndng cd ban. Qua bing so sanh tren, ta thiy sd lupng chfl Nom vay mupn trong TCTGKM cd ti le thip ban cac vdn bin thupc thi ki XV va cao bon eae van ban thupc thi ki XVII, XVIII, XIX, tflc la theo ddng thdi gian, sd iQpng chQ NOm vay mQpn cd xu hudng giam din. Vi tri ti le chfl NOm vay mupn eua TCTGKM la mpt thiet chQng cho thiy khi nang vdn ban cd nien dai vao khoang thi ki XVII la hoan toan ed thi.
2.3.2. Chii Nom trong TCTGKM con bao liiu diidc nhieu loi viet c6 Cd thi noi chQ Nom trong TCTGKM phin ldn dQpc ghi theo kiiu chfl NOm ddi Le. So sanh vdi bang thiit lap cua Nguyin Thi Lam [13;93], chung toi thiy nhiiu chfl trong TCTGKM ed each ghi nhit loat ddi Le hon Thien Nam ngii luc nhu "con"
E, "mOt" m, "xua" I;}, "sao" ^ , "trudc" B§, "trong" m /li, "tra" ffi, "tay" fS... Sa bp cho thay each ghi nay tuang ddng vdi each ghi trong Chi nam ngoc dm.
O nhflng am dpc cd nhiiu each viit thi each viit thuOc thdi Le hoac trudc Le cd tin sd cao hon. Liy thf du am Nom "di" (dpng tfl, phQpng vi tfl) dQpc biiu thi bang cac chfl # (47 lin), IS (50 lin), fc (2 lin). Trong t i t ca cac chfl thi hien am
"di" do, chfl "da" bao gid cung d phfa ben trai, cae bp phan ehi nghia hoac ehinh am niu CO thi dupc gia vao ben phai. Giao sQ Nguyin Quang Hdng eho rang ma (da +
Ddu vit cd trong vdn bdn Thien chua thanh giao Khai Mdng cua Jeronymo Mayorica
khQ) thQdng gap trong cac van ban Nom thdi Le, edn ma (khQ + da) thQdng gap trong cac vdn b i n Nom thdi Nguyin [9;8]. Am "mit" dQpc ghi bdng cae ma ^ (22 lin), M' (2 l i n ) , 'M (1 lin), ^^ (2 lin). Am "mat" dQpc ghi bang cae ma M (3 lan), ^M (4 lin), te (1 l i n ) . Am "mat" dQpc ghi bdng cac ma 'M (11 lin), ft (43 lin). Trong dd cac ma " m i t " t-'k, 36 truOng hpp "mat" ft (va 22 trQdng hpp "di" #i, 27 trQdng hpp "liy" M, 1 trudng hpp "din" fflt, 2 trudng hpp "di" W\\...) chung tdi ngd rang cd sQ them thdt net but cua ngudi ddi sau vao. BO phan trd nghia d nhQng chQ do dQpc viit manh hpn, nhd hPn nhiiu, lai chen vao ben canh hoac trong bO phan trd am. BO phan trd am thQdng viet to hit dO rOng cua cOt chfl, nhflng net vi phia bgn phii chfl thudng ed xu hudng kit thuc mOt chfl nhu n h i n dam, keo ddi, hdi phong.
Bdi vay nen khi ngudi sau gia bO phan chi nghia vao se p h i i viit nhd dp sat, thdm chi la de len net cua bO phan chi am. Trong Phdt thuyit cung tdn tai hien tupng nay [14, tr.30].
Trong nhflng chfl Ndm cd cung each dpc nhUng khac each viit tren, ta t h i y ludn tdn tai song song hai ma chfl Ndm ddn (loai vay mupn) vd ma chfl Ndm ghep (loai tu tao), sd lupng ma vay mupn nhiiu hpn hoac x i p xi ma chfl tQ tao. 0 cac ma tQ tao, nhieu l i n x u i t hien cac ki hieu phu d i bao hieu chinh am (nhu diu ea, d i u nhay, d i u phay) dupc viit thdu d bgn canh chQ. Hpc gii Vu Van Kfnh gpi y day la nhQng chfl Ndm tQ tao d giai doan d i u [10;11]. Su tdn tai song song nhQng ma chu cung am dpc cd t h i la biiu thi cua sQ chuyin dOng trong ciu true chu Ndm ("df # - # - ^ , , "mit" * - * ' / ' * - « , . . . ) .
Ngoai ra, chung tOi cdn khao sat dupe 7 lin x u i t hien ma chQ tach biet 'ftWm Wj (la da) d i ghi tQ ed "la ta" (Pakatau) la "da" trong "hon da", "mua da", "bia da"; 1 l i n x u i t hien ma M ("thien" tren "le" dudi) d i ghi dm "trdi". Day la nhflng trudng hpp x u i t hien sdm hpn t h i ki XVII.
2.3.3. D i u vet ngii a m t i i n g V i e t co con t h e hien qua van ban
* Hien tupng dung cdc am s d i ghi t, dung am s' d i ghi t', dung t d i ghi r:
- Dung am s d i ghi am t: dung "sam" # ghi "tam" (2 lin).
- Dung am s' d i ghi am t': dung "sai" ^ ghi "thiy" (147 lan), "sd' i?ft ghi "thua"
(22 lin), "xa" %. ghi "tha" (36 lin).
- Dung am t d i ghi dm r: dung "tdt" (trong ff / # ) d i ghi "rut" (27 lin).
Cac hien tupng ngfl am tren dupc Vupng LOc va Nguyin Ngpc San chQng minh la xay ra vac khoang t h i ki XV, XVI. So sanh vdi thdng kg cua Hoang Thi Ngp trong tac p h i m Phdt thuyit chung tOi thiy d TCTGKM cac hien tupng trgn xiy ra it hpn d Phdt thuyit. Diiu nay la do vdn b i n Phdt thuyit cd nien dai thupc t h i ki XV, vao dung giai doan s > t, s' > t', s > t > r nen mat dO x u i t hien nhiiu hon.
Day la nhQng chQng cQ quan trpng cho t h i y TCTGKM cdn bao tdn dupc nhQng
Nguyin Thi Tu Mai diu vit cd.
* Hien tupng td hpp phu am diu, vi nhU:
- Phu am diu [bl]: 3lC (ba -h lai) = blai > trai (xuit hien 2 lin: "ecn trai").
Jl (ba -I- lai) = blai > trai (xuit hien 2 lin).
- Phu am diu [kl]: ira (eu -+- luan) = klpn > trpn (xuit hien 12 lin).
16 (eu-F lan) = klan > ldn (xuat hien 2 lin).
M (cd -I- lOng) = klpng > sdng (xuit hien 1 lin).
^^ (ca-|- la) = kia > tra (xuit hien 3 lin).
- Phu dm diu [tl]: M< S (thdng / thupng + lien) = tien > tren (xuit hien 93 lin).
- Phu am diu [ml]: ^ (ma -h le) = mldi > nhdi/ldi (xuit hien 112 lin).
Ta bit gap nhQng td hop phu am tren d nhflng van ban kha cd nhu Phdt thuyit, Qudc dm thi tap, Chi Nam ngoc dm... Cd dieu d Phdt thuyet, nhiiu khi td hpp phu am diu tdn tai dudi ci 2 dang: dang 2 ma chfl va dang mpt ma chfl [14], cdn d TCTGKM nd thudng tdn tai dudi 1 ma chfl, vf nhu kr > s biiu hien d : lich
> sach, luat > sdt, lang > sang, long > song, liim > sdm, ldi > sdi, ldi > soi, liet
> set, lien > sen, lang > sQng, lau > sau, lap > sap, lao > sao, lang > sang... Cin chu y rang each ghi nhap hai ma thanh mOt nay rit phd biin trong Quoc dm thi tap, Chi Nam ngoc dm - nhQng van ban cd nien dai xuit hien sdm hon thi ki XVII.
Thdng ke cho thiy trong TCTGKM, nhQng td hpp phu am diu ghi bdng hai ma chfl tach biet xuit hien khOng nhiiu bdng kiiu ghi mpt ma, dieu nay phan anh kha rd giai doan tiing Viet the ki XVII.
2.3.4. Van ban TCTGKM con giii diidc nhieu tii c6
Khai niem "tQ cd" dQpc chung toi sQ dung d day dupe hiiu la nhQng tQ trude day dQng dOc lap cd nghia nhQng ngay nay chi edn xuit hien nhu nhflng yiu td mit nghia trong eac td hpp tQ song tiit ddng lap hoac ngay nay khong cdn xuit hien trong nhflng vdn ban thanh van nfla. So bp thdng ke cho thiy TCTGKM cd nhflng tQ cd nhu:
Ca va (tit ca), ca (ldn), chac (ban), chiu (cd), chung (luc dd, vdi), ciia (thQ), ban (luc), bang (hue, danh, bd), bdi (tfl), dai (sp), di - de duoi - de nguoi (khinh re), dd (vao khoang), dpng (tau bay), da (cham vao), da (dQa), la da (hdn da), dd (d), df gi (cai gi), gin (gifl), khQng (chiu), kfp (kip), lien (luon), lam bo (dia nguc), ke liet (ngudi dm), liet lao (khd nhpe), nuong long (ngue), na (dau), no (du), nhan sao rang (sao ndi rang), nhit (rit), min (ta, tao, toi), mpn (nhd), soc (cham soc), song le (va lai, nhung), sinh thi (chit), pho (cac), rinh (sap), tdi ta (toi td), thau qua (xuyen qua), thay thay (tit ca), tri biet (biit)...
Ddu vit cd trong vdn bdn Thien chua thanh giao Khai Mdng cua Jeronymo Mayorica
Trong sd nhflng tQ cd iy, co mOt sd tQ thQdng x u i t hien trong cac vdn b i n tQ t h i ki XVII trd vi trudc, dac biet cd nhQng tQ r i t it x u i t hien trong cac vdn b i n Han NOm hien con, vf nhu:
- TQ "da" vdi nghia la "cham vao" xuit hien 3 l i n trong vdn einh "liy tay ma da din nach con iy", "Ban hOm qua thiy chdng da din vai con kia ru?"- tr.321, "chan tay da din" - tr.319.
- TQ "da" vdi nghia la "dQa" x u i t hien 4 lin trong van cinh "thiy hai da lam rdi dao" - tr.267, "gap mOt da day sQ ddi iy"- tr.266, "co da kia qua diy ma md liy day iy dem ngQa di mat" -tr.l88.
- TQ "df vdi nghia la "cai" x u i t hign 46 lin trong van canh "la di gi" (la eai gi).
- TQ "bang" vdi nghia la "hue, danh, bd" ("liy sQng bang xac iy" - tr.205).
- TQ "phd" vOi nghia la "cac" xuit hien 5 lin trong vdn cinh "pho Ong" (cac dng)...
3. Ket luan
\'di nhQng thiit chQng tren, cc t h i manh dan cho rdng vdn ban TCTGKM ma chung toi cd la vdn ban thuOc t h i ki XVII. Chung tOi cung r i t hy vpng ring van ban nay trung vdi van b i n cung tgn ma gido sU Vu Vdn Kinh co, trung vdi vdn ban hien dang luu giQ tai Thu vien Qudc gia Paris, ma do nhiiu each bQc nen chung toi chua ed dip tiip xuc. Xac dinh dupc ngudn gde vd nien dai cua vdn ban TCTGKM chinh la da ddt nin mdng cho viec tiip tuc khai thac nghien cQu chu Ndm vd tiing Viet hch su d t h i ki XVII.
TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O
[l]. Alexandre De Rhodes, Paris 1653. Divers voyages et m.issions (Hdnh trinh va truyin giao). Ban dich cua Hdng Nhue Nguyin Khde Xuyen, tu sdch Dai kit, TP.
Hd Chi Minh, 1994.
[2]. Alexandre De Rhodes, 1994. Histoire du Royaume de Tunquin (Lich sQ vQpng qudc dang ngodi). Ban dich cua Hdng Nhue Nguyin Khie Xuyen, tu sdch Dai kit, T R Hd Chi Minh.
[3]. T r i n Trpng Dupng, 2008. Tinh hinh cdu true chu, Ndm qua Khda hu luc gidi nghia vd Khda hu luc gidi dm. Tap chi Han NOm sd 2, tr.43-57.
[4]. Jeronymo Mayorica S.J, 2003. Nhiing diiu ngam trong cdc ngdy li trong, quyin thQ n h i t . LQU hanh nOi bO-
[5]. Jeronymo Mayorica S.J, 2003. Thien chua thdnh gido khdi mdng. Luu hanh nOi bO-
Nguygn Thi Tu Mai
[6]. Jeronymo Mayorica S.J, 2004. Thien chiia thd,nh gido hoi tpi kmh. Luu hanh npi bO-
[7]. Hoang Xuan Han, 1953. Girolamo Majorica, ses oeuvres en langue viet- namienne conservees d la bibliotheque nationale de Paris. (Girolamo Majorica, nhQng tac phim bdng tieng Viet cua ong dupc luu gifl tai thu vien Qudc gia Paris), in trong
"Archivum Historicum Societatis lesu", vol XXII, tr.203-214.
[8]. Nguyin Hdng. Lich sil, truyen gido tai Viet Nam, tap 1. Hien Tai xuit ban.
[9]. Nguyin Quang Hdng, 2006. Gidi thuyir vi chU Hdn chU Ndm trong tdc phdm vdn Ndm. Tap chi Han Ndm sd 6, tr.5-20.
[10]. Vu Van Kfnh, 2005. Dai tu diin chii Nom. Nxb Van nghe Tp Hd Chi Minh & Trung tam nghien cQu Qudc hpc.
[11] Lm. Phi Khanh Vupng Dinh Khdi, OFM. Cdi thud ban ddu luu luyin ay.... www://dunglac.org ngay 03 thang 3 nam 2010.
[12]Nguyin Dien Nien khao chQng, 2006. Lam Sdn thiic luc. Le Van Uong chu dich, Nxb Khoa hpc Xa hOi.
[13]. Nguyin Thi Lam, 2006. ChU Ndm vd tiing Viet qua vdn bdn Thien Nam ngii luc. Nxb Khoa hpc Xa hOi-
[14]. Hoang Thi Ngp, 1999. ChU Ndm vd tiing Viet qua bdn gidi dm Phdt thuyit dai bdo phu mdu dn trong kinh. Nxb Khoa hpc Xa hpi.
[15]. Brian Eugene Ostiowski, January 2006. The Ndm works of Geronimo Maiorica, s.j (1589-1656) and their chnstology. Cornell University, USA.
ABSTRACT
Jeronymo Mayorica and research on the christological nom texts w^hich are know^n to have been w^ritten by him
Jeronymo Mayorica is one of the first known missioneries in the first stage in the process of the Christology Mission in Vietnam. He came to Vietnam in 1624 and was on his mission here until his last dying breath in 1656. During the years of his mission at Tonkin, he translated many Christological texts from Latin into Nom Script. The Nom texts are precious documents to do research from on Nom Script and the history of the Vietnamese language of the 17*'' century, especially in the contemporary condition of rarity of Nom texts of that century.
