Cong trinh Khoa hgc
MOT SO GIAI PHAP PHAT TRIEN TRUNG TAM LOGISTICS TAI VIET NAM
NGUYEN THI VAN HA TRAN QUANG BANG Bg mdn Qudn trj Kinh doanh Khoa Van tdi - Kinh te Trudng Dgi hgc Giao thong Vgn tdi Tdm tai: Trung tdm logistics Id co sd hg tdng rdt quan trgng vd khdng the thieu dirge cho viec phdt trien dich vu logistics. Ngdnh dich vu logistics Viet Nam dang bdt ddu phdt triin vdi su md rgng ddu tu vdo co sd hg tdng, con ngudi vd mdy mdc thiit bi. Tir ndm 2007, cdc trung tdm logistics dd dugc nhiiu doanh nghi$p quon tdm vd ddu tu a Viet Nam. Mdc dd cdc trung tdm logistics dd di vdo hogt dgng vd phdn ndo thay ddi cdch thirc hogt dgng logistics a Vi^l Nam, nhung so vdi cdc nude trong khu vuc vd trin the gidi thi cdc trung tdm logistics ndy vdn thieu str thdng nhdt trong hoat ddng, hgn chi vi ddu tu vd hogt ddng chua thuc su hiiu qud.
Bdi bdo ndy trinh bdy mgt sd thdng tin vi trung tdm logistics, thuc trgng phdt triin lai Vi^t Nam vd di xuat mgt sd gidi phdp de phdt trien trung tdm logistics a Viil Nam.
Summary: Logistics center is an extremely important infrastructure that cannot disappeared for the development of logistics service. Logistics industry in Vietnam has initially developed with the increased investemenl in infrastructures, facilities, and human resources.
Since 2007, logistics centers have been concerned and invested in Vietnam Although these logistics centers have been in operation and partly changed the method to conduct logistics activities in Vietnam, in comparison with other countries in the region and in the world, these centers have been shortage of unification, limitation in investment, and not really effective operation. This paper addresses some knowledge of logistics center and the practical situation of logistics centers in Vietnam, and suggests some solutions to develop logistics centers in Vietnam.
1. KHAI NIEM VA DIEU KIEN PHAT TRIEN TRUNG TAM LOGISTICS Theo djnh nghTa ciia Hiep hdi trung tdm logistics Chdu Au Europlatform: Trung tam logistics la mdt khu vyc bao gdm mgi boat ddng lien quan den vgn tdi, logistics vd phdn phoi hang hda ngi dja ciing nhu qudc tl, thyc hi?n bdi nhilu chii thi khdc nhau. Cdc chu thi nay co the Id ngudi chii sd hiJu hodc ngudi thue sir dyng co sd vat chat vd trang thiet bi ciia trung tdm logsitics nhu kho bai, vdn phdng, khu vyc xIp dd/do hdng,... (Cue Hang Hai Viet Nam, 2013).
Trung tam logistics (TT logistics) cd thi gpi la Trung tdm tilp nhgn vd phdn phdi hang h6a (Distribution Center), Id mdt khu vuc ma nhieu tap doan, cdng ty cung irng djch vu logistics ddt tru sd, kho bdi... boat dgng cung img dich vy logistics hodc cung cd thi la m0t khu kho ciia mOt tap doan logistics.
Trung tdm logistics cdn phai cd vd dugc trang bj cac trang thiit bj phuc cho cdc hogt dgng vd djch vy cua trung tam, cdn dugc kit ndi vdi cdc phuong thirc van tai khac nhau nhu dudng 6 td, dudng sdt, dudng bien, dudng sdng, vd dudng hang khdng,... Mdt trung tam logistics day du thudng cd 3 chiic ndng chinh sau ddy:
122 Tap chi KHOA HOC GIAO THONG VAN .TAI So 49 - 12/2015
Chirc ndng phuc w hdng hda nhu xip/d&. linikho/bai. bdoqudn. ddnggdi, ddn nhdn.
phdn logi hang, ldm sgch, gidm dinh. kiem dinh
Chuc ndng van tdi vd phdn phdi nhu chuyen cho, thu gom, phdn phoi hang hda bdng cdc phirong thuc van tdi khdc nhau
Chirc nang hd trg nhu thdng quan, thii tuc - chirng tir, tu vdn, tai chinh, bdo hiem, sua chira ~ bdo du&ng phuang tien van tdi, cung cdp xdng ddu, hotel, dnnghi,...
Trong nhtJng giai doan dau phdt triln ciia thap nhien 60, cdc trung tam logistics tren the gidi chu yeu chi hogt dgng vdi cdc dich vy ca bdn trong chuSi dich vu logistics vd tiiy thudc vdo vi tri dja ly ciing nhu viing dnh hudng ciia minh ddi vdi qudc gia hay khu vuc (ddi vdi mgt chdu luc hay todn cdu) md cd thi kit hgp vd phdt trien thSm cdc dich vy gia tri gia tang khac). Cho den nay vdi su phdt triSn kinh te mang tinh toan cdu, cdc trung tdm logistics Idn tren the gidi da tich hgp todn b^ cac dich vu logistics thanh td hgp dich hdu cdn cd gia tri gia tdng cao cdp. Cdc trung tdm dugc trang bi ca sd vgt chdt hien dai vdi kit ndi cdng nghe thdng tin (CNTT) dong bd cho boat dgng giao nhdn vd phan phdi tai mgt dia diem duy nhdt dugc ket ndi tryc tiep den cdc cdng container va cac phuong tien van tdi da phuang thirc phuc vu chuyen tdi vd thdng tin ludn dugc cgp nhgt lien tyc trong chuoi boat ddng cua dich vu logistics. Hien nay, cac trung tdm logistics idn tren the gidi nhu Rotterdam d Ha Lan, Bremen d Dire, vd Singapore Id nhimg vi du diem hinh v6 cdc trung tam .logistics tich hgp va hien dgi nhdt tren the gidi. Hinh 1 tdm tat hoat ddng cua chuoi cung irng cd lien quan den trung tdm logistics (PORTCOAST, 2014).
Hinh I. Md la lien hi hoat ddng trong chudi cung ung vdi trung tdm logistics (Cvc Hdng Hdi Vi^t Nam, 2013)
Tgp chi KHOA HOC GIAO THONG V^N TAl So 49 - 12/2015 123
Hien nay co rat nhilu each thiic dl phan loai trung tam logistics nhu theo quy md vd vai trd; dia ly; chirc ndng va muc dich hoat ddng; logi hang hda phyc vy; can cii theo tinh sd hiJu (Ldm, 2010). Neu can cii theo quy md va vai trd cd thi chia trung tdm logistics thdnh nam logi nhu sau:
- Trung tdm logistics cap toan cdu thudng bd tri d cac ddu mdi GTVT mang y nghTa cdp todn cdu, gan cac trung tdm kinh tl - thuong mgi cdp todn cdu vd thudng cd dien tich quy md tir 100-500 ha, cung cap dich vu trung tdm logistics cho mdt chdu tuc vd todn cdu tgo nen he thdng logistics qudc tl phyc vu phat trien kinh tl thuang mgi todn cdu.
- Trung tdm logistics cap khu vyc dugc thiit lap d cdc ddu mdi GTVT mang y nghTa cdp viing, gdn cac trung tam kinh tl - thuang mgi cap khu vyc, cd dien tich quy md tir 20-30ha, co ban kinh phuc vu trung binh 300-800km kl tii khu vuc trung tam. Trung tam ndy thudng phyc vu phdt trien kinh te - thuang mgi cho mgt sd qudc gia tai mgt khu vyc nao dd ciing nhu phyc vu boat dgng sdn xudt kinh doanh cua cdc tap doan da qudc gia.
- Trung tam logistics cap quoc gia thudng bd tri d cac dau mdi GTVT vd trung tdm kinh te - thuong mgi ciia mdt qudc gia, cd dien tich quy md tir 10-30ha, cd ban kinh phuc vu tir 20- 30km cho den 300km ke tir khu vyc trung tam. Trung tdm ndy thudng phuc vy kinh tl - thuang
*nai ciia mdt qudc gia ciing nhu hogt dgng kinh doanh ciia cac tdp dodn kinh t6 Idn.
- Trung tam logistics cdp dia phuong phyc vu boat ddng kinh te - thuong mai cua mgt dja phuang, tinh, thdnh phd, phuc vu boat ddng kinh doanh cho cdc tdng cdng ty Idn tai mdt khu vyc.
- Trung tdm logistics cdp doanh nghiep (DN) cd quy md va phgm vi ndng lyc boat ddng Id nhd nhdt va thudng phuc vu cho hogt dgng sdn xudt kinh doanh ciia mdt hoac mdt vai DN Idn.
Trung tam logistics la m^t thanh td ddc bi?t ciia h? thdng mgng ludi logistics, ddng vai tro quan trgng trong viec dilu hda tdi uu hda qud trinh ludn chuyen ciia ca he th6ng logistics khdng chi mdt nganh kinh te, mgt qudc gia, mdt viing kinh tl ma cdn cd thi cd y nghTa d cdp do toan cdu. Tai day cd nhilu dich vu dugc cung cap mang Igi Igi ich nhilu mat cho cdc ben sir dyng dich vy trung tdm logistics (Lam, 2010; PORTCOAST, 2014; Xudn & Kiem, 2012).
Cd nhieu nhdn td vd dieu kien dnh hudng tdi viec thiet lap vd xdy dyng mgt trung tdm logistics, trong do cd 3 nhdm dieu kien ca bdn ve vi tri, dieu kien ve vdn, dieu kien ve co sd vgt chat ky thudt.
- Ve dieu kien vj tri: Trung tdm logistics cdn phai dugc bd tri gdn cdc ddu mdi giao thdng van tdi Idn, kit ndi nhilu dang hinh phuong thirc van tai hang hda khdc nhau cung nhu gdn cdc trung tdm kinh tl - thuong mai Idn. Quy hogch xay dyng mdt trung tam logistics cdn phdi tinh din xu hudng phdt triln lau ddi vl kinh tl - xd hgi ciia khu vyc dd cung nhu ludng hdng phdt trien Idu dai ma trung tdm s€ phuc vu.
- Dilu kien ve vdn; Xay dyng mdt trung tdm logistics hien dgi ddi hdi mgt lugng vdn ddu tu rat Idn, cdn phdi huy dgng vdn tir nhilu ngudn khdc nhau nhu khu vyc tdi chinh cdng, tu nhdn cung nhu cdc td chirc tai chinh qu6c tl. Md hinh hgp tdc cdng tu (PPP - Public Private Partnership) cung dugc nhilu nude sir dung trong phdt triln cdc dy dn ddu tu trung tdm logistics.
1 2 4 Tap chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 4 9 - 12/2015
I
- Dilu kien v6 co sd vdt chdt ky thuat: Noi dy dinh xdy dyng va phdt trien thanh trung tdm logistics nen gan cdc ddu mdi giao thdng van tdi Idn nhu ddu mdi van tdi d td, dudng sdt, cang biin, sdn bay ciia ngd... Khu vyc lya chgn phat triln thdnh trung tdm logistics cung nen cd sin cdc he thdng kho bai, ca sd ha tdng CNTT hi^n dgi cung nhu cac dich vu ho trg khdc...
2. THlTC TRANG PHAT TRIEN CAC TRUNG TAM LOGISTICS TAI VIET NAM Theo thdng ke tir nhieu ngudn khdc nhau, ca nude hien cd 08 trung tdm logistics da di vdo hogt dOng bao gdm 03 trung tdm logistics d khu vyc phia Bdc, 01 trung tdm logistics d khu vyc miln Trung va 04 trung tdm logistics d khu vyc phia Nam (PORTCOAST, 2014). Tai khu vyc phia Bdc, Trung tam logistics Tien San dugc dua vao hogt ddng ddu tien vao nam 2009 vdi quy md khu ddt khoang 11,5 ha. Hai trung tdm logistics Cdi Lan - VOSA (Qudng Ninh) vd Green - Dinh Vu (Hdi Phdng) deu chi mdi thanh lap trong nam 2012. Cdc trung tam logistics ndy cd vj tri gdn vdi cac cang Cdi Ldn (Qudng Ninh) vd Dinh Vu (Hdi Phdng) nen tir khi hinh thdnh da ho trg dac lyc cho hogt dgng khai thac cdng biin. Bang 1 liet ke cdc trung tdm logistics tren ca nude hi?n tai vdi mdt sd ddc diem.
Bdng I: Dgc diim edc trung tdm logistics Igi Viet Nam (Ngudn: Tdc gid thu thdp)
^ R H | Mien Bac
^ ^ ^ B TT Logistics Cai Lan -
^ H VOSA
^ ^ ^ 1 TT Logistics Green -
• • KCN Dinh Vu
^ ^ ^ 1 Trung tam Ti&n Scm - H H KCN Tien Son Bdc
• H ^'"^
I ^ ^ H Mien Trung
^ ^ ^ B Trung tdm logistics
^ ^ ^ B Danalog (Da Ndng)
^ Q H Mien Nam
^ ^ ^ H TT Logistics Geodis
• H Wilson Cdt Ldi
^ ^ H TT Tiep van Schenker
^ ^ ^ B Gemadept
^ ^ H TT Logistis Gemadept
^ ^ ^ 1 Song Than
^ ^ H TT Logistics Damco
^^^^^^^1
Quang Ninh
Hdi Phong B5c Ninh
Da Nang
TP. Ho Chi Minh Binh Duong Binh Duong Binh Duong
^^^^^^^^S^Q^B
7 ha, 6 500 m2 kho chua nong san, 50.000 m^ kho tong hgp, 12.500 m^ kho chuyen
dyng khac 7,5 ha, 100.000
TEU/ndm 11,5 ha; kho hang 31.000 m^ bai chiia
40.000 m^
5.2 ha (bai hang 3,5 ha.
03 kho hang 12.225 m^) 250 ha 1 ha (LD giiJa
Schenker va Gemadept)
2.4 ha 2.6 ha
2012
2012 2009
2012
2012 2009 2011 2011
B K I ^ M ^ H 9 trieu
USD
8.5 yieu USD
12.9 tri^u USD 12,9tri§u
USD
410 trieu USD 5,5 tri^u
USD 4,5 n-ieu
USD 4tri9u USD Di?n tich cac trung tdm logistics tren ca nude vdo khodng gdn 290 ha. Trong do, dien tich cdc trung tdm d miln Nam Id 256 ha, chiem tdi 88,3% tdng dien tich cdc trung tam tren ca nude.
Difn tich trung binh ciia cdc trung tdm Id kha nhd dudi 10 ha, chi duy nhdt I frung tdm cd di8n Tgp chi KHOA H Q C G I A O T H O N G VAN TAI So 49 - 12/2015 125
tich rdt Idn tdi 250 ha Id TT logistics Geodis Wilson Cdt Ldi. Hdu hit cdc trung tdm logistics cd quy md va vai trd nhu trung tdm logistics cdp viing dugc ddt tgi cdc vi tri thuan Igi, tan dung Igi the cang biin, cd tinh ket ndi vdi cdc khu vuc kinh tl nang dgng trong cac viing kinh tl trgng dilm. Cy the la, TT logistics Tien son ket ndi vdi Bdc Ninh, Ha Ndi va VTnh Phuc vdi cac dudng lien kit thuan tien din Hdi Phdng vd Quang Ninh qua dudng bd, vd vdi Trung Qudc, Lang Son qua dudng sdt; TT logistics Cdi Ldn - VOSA Qudng Ninh cd vi tri ke vdi cang Cai Ldn; TT logistics Green ddi dien he thdng cdng Dinh Vu; TT logistics Damco Binh Duong cd vi tri thuan Igi cd the kit ndi chdt che vdi h? thdng giao thdng dudng bd vd de dang ket ndi hai cdng Cat Ldi vd Cai Mep. TT Logistics Geodis Wilson Cat Lai ndm trong khu vuc cang Cat Lai;
TT logistics Green nam trong KCN Dinh Vu, Hdi Phdng; TT Tiep van Schenker Gemadept (SGL) vd TT logistics Gemadept Sdng Thdn diu nam trong KCN Sdng Thdn, Binh Duong (CUC HANG HA! VIETNAM, 2013; Ldm, 2010; PORTCOAST, 2014).
Thyc te cho thay cac TT logistics cd eg sd vat chat ngdy cang hien dgi do cac DN ddu tu vao loai hinh nay chii ylu la cdc DN Idn trong nude hoac lien doanh vdi tap dodn hang dau ciia nude ngoai nen cd Igi thi vl vdn vd cdng nghe. Vi du nhu TT logistics Green - KCN Dinh Vu (Hdi Phdng) cd vdn dau tu 168 ti ddng, TT Tiep van Schenker Gemadept (Binh Duong) cd tong vdn ddu tu 5,5 trieu USD, TT logistics Damco (Binh Duong) cd tdng vdn dau tu giai dogn 1 la 4 trieu USD. Ben cgnh dd Id mdt sd dy an kho vgn cung dugc ddu tu vdi sd vdn khd ldn nhu: khu kho van Maple Tree (khu lien hgp cdng nghiSp-djch vu-dd thj Binh Duong) rdng 68ha, vdn ddu tu UO trieu USD; khu kho van YCH-Protrade (phudng Binh Hda, thi xa Thuan An, Binh Duong) dien tich 6,9 ha, vdn ddu tu 14 tri?u USD (Xuan & Kiem, 2012).
Ve hieu qua hogt dgng kinh doanh, phdn ldn cac trung tdm logistics diu cd doanh thu tdng cao so vdi ke hoach do nhu cau trung chuyen tich hgp cdc dich vu logistics tir cdc khdch hdng ngay cang cao. Tuy nhien Igi nhuan thyc te cua mdt sd cdng ty cd ty le tdng trudng thap han ty le tang ve mgt doanh thu do mdt sd ylu td khdch quan tir viec thay ddi ty gia, sy gia tdng ciia gid nhien Ii?u vd nang lugng, dan din su gia tdng chi phi ddu vdo. Ngoai ra, nhilu trung tdm cung dang trong qud trinh ddu tu md rdng theo chieu rdng va chieu sau nen cdc khoan muc ddu tu ciing gia tdng nhilu hon.
Ben cgnh do, cdc trung tdm logistics nude ta chii ylu dugc xay dung ty phdt chii ylu do khdi doanh nghiep tu nhdn vd nude ngodi ddu tu vao, chua cd quy hogch de phat trien ddng bp vi vay tinh tich hgp vd tinh ket ndi dang cdn hgn che. Nguyen nhdn la chua cd dia phuang nao thyc hifn quy hogch phat triln trung tam logistics (ngogi trir tinh Ba Ria - Vung Tau mdi hodn thdnh quy hogch tdng the trong ndm 2013 va quy hoach nganh nam 2014) va chua c6 tinh lien ket viing trong quy hogch phdt trien cdc trung tam logistics. Mdt sd van d& ve cdc cdn tdn tai tai cac trung tdm logistics ciia Viet Nam nhu sau:
Thii nhdt, cd the thdy rdng, vl sd lugng va phdn bd, cdc trung tdm logisitics VN c6 so lugng khdng nhilu, mdi phdt triln trong nhCJng ndm gdn day va tgp trung chii ylu d mgt s6 KCN phia Nam. Vj tri ddt cdc TT logistics hien cd diu cd thi ket hgp dugc tir hai phuang thyc vdn tdi trd len.
126 Tgp chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 4 9 - 12/2015
Thir hai, vl quy md vd phgm vi djch vy cac trung tdm nhin chung cdn nhd va chu yeu phyc vu mgt sd DN trong khu vyc KCN hodc mdt tinh, thanh, chua phdt trien den quy md phuc vu mOt ngdnh hodc mgt viing kinh tl. Phdn ldn cdc TT cd quy md ddu tu chua ddng bg nen da hgn che vai trd ciing nhu cdc chirc ndng co ban cua mgt TT logistics. Cdc trung tdm logistics VN cdn thilu nhieu dich vy ddc thii dl tao ra gid tri gia tdng cao cho khach hang sir dung dich vu ciia trung tdm. Lugng khdch hdng cd the phyc vy dugc cdn it, quy md vd chdt lugng dich vu hgn chi Id nhiJng yeu td din den cac TT logistics chua the ddng vai trd la dilm thu hut ddu tu trong nude va qudc tl (Ldm, 2010; PORTCOAST, 2014; Xuan & Ki$m, 2012).
Thii ba, tinh lien hoan lien ket giaa cac TT logistics chua cao. Timg trung tdm dugc ddu tu chii yeu de phyc vy Igi ich ciia DN kinh doanh dich vy TT logistics ma chua phdi hgp trong djnh hudng chung, chinh sach chung phyc vu cho Igi tich vd chinh sach kinh t l - xd hdi ciia m^t tinh, thanh phd hay dja phuang ndo (Lam, 2010; Xuan & Kiem, 2012).
Vd cudi ciing tiem lyc vdt chdt vd kT ndng quan ly td chirc, dilu hdnh todn bd chudi djch vy logictics'ciia cac TT logistics cdn chua cao, dii trong phgm vi hep Id phuc vy qua trinh luu thdng hang hda. Vi vay trong thdi gian tdi VN cdn xdy dyng cdc TT logistics hien dai, cung cdp ddng bg va trgn gdi cdc djch vy hdu cdn cho mang ludi phdn phdi hang hda tren thi trudng cd nude cQng nhu thi trudng cac viing vd cdc hdnh lang kinh tl phyc vu cho hgi nhdp kinh te khu vyc vd qudc tl (CUC H A N G HAI VIET NAM, 2013; Xuan & Kiem, 2012).
3. GIAI PHAT TRIEN TRUNG TAM LOGISTICS TAI VIET NAM
Giai phdp de xudt dugc dua ra dya tren hai tieu chi theo quy md va pham vi, can cir theo quy hoach phdt trien trung tdm
logistics Viet Nam den ndm 2020 (BO GTVT, 2012). Theo pham vi vd dia ly, tdc gia de xudt theo pham vi doanh nghipp (chuyen doanh), viing va qudc gia. Theo quy md, tdc gid dl xudt quy md tir nhd, vira din ldn.
Theo quan diem phdt triln d tdm qudc gia, muc tieu vigc phat triln mang tudi trung tdm logistics Id bdo ddm dap img tdt nhu cdu ciia sdn xudt vd luu thong hdng hda trong nude va xudt nhgp khdu. Theo dinh hudng, phdt triln cac trung tdm logistics hgng I cap qudc gia va qudc tl (quy md Idn), cd vi tri
Hinh 2: Md hinh de xudt gidi phdp phdt triin trung tdm logstics (Ngudn: Tdc gid) TTLog
CD dp 1
TTLog cap 2
TTLog CD
g cac TT Log quy mo va hien dai
Bo sung, phat trien co sd chinh sach, kgu gpi va uu dai dau tu
QM nho QM ldn vd vai yd la trung tdm gdc tgi cac thdnh phd Ha Noi, Dd Ndng va Ddng Bdc Thanh phd Hd Chi
Tgp chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG VAN TAl So 49 - 12/2015 127
Minh. Tir cdc trung tdm gdc nay, phat triln theo hinh re qugt Id cdc trung tdm logistics hgng II cdp viing, tiiu viing vd hdnh lang kinh t l (quy md trung binh); bam sat vd ho trg luu thdng hdng hda tir sdn xudt, nhdp khdu den tieu diing, xudt khdu cua cdc viing, tiiu viing vd tren cdc hanh lang kinh tl; ket ndi vdi h? thdng cang biin, cdng can, cdng hang khdng, ga dudng sdt, mgng ludi giao thdng dudng bg, cdc cira khdu qudc gia, cira khdu qudc t l va khu kinh tl cira khdu, cac khu cdng nghiep, khu san xuat hang hda tap trung...
Ngodi ra, ciing cdn hinh thanh va phdt triln cac trung tdm logistics chuyen dung (quy mo nhd vd trung binh), trudc mdt Id cac trung tdm logistics chuydn dung hdng khdng, dudng biin, dudng bg, dudng sdt gan liin vdi cdc cdng h^mg khdng, cac khu vyc trung tdm ket ndi cimg vdi he thdng cac trung tam logistics hang I va hang II 6B hd trg, thiic ddy hogt dgng xudt nhdp khau hodc trung chuy6n hang hda qua cac loai hinh van tai da phuong thiic, phyc vy cho ddu vao va dau ra ciia sdn xudt cdng nghiep tai cdc khu cdng nghiep, trung tam cdng nghe cao, vimg san xudt tap trung quy md ldn.
Vi?c gia tang sd lugng trung tdm logistics d mien Bac, mien Trung, hay mien Nam la rdt cdn thiet, tuy nhien can chii y/han mire ddu tu phii hgp vi trung tdm logistics hgng I, hgng 2 hay chuyen dyng ddi hdi su ddu tu va phdi hgp Idn. Ngoai ra viec xay dyng cac trung tdm logistics cung cdn cd chinh sdch uu ddi vd keu ggi dau tu tir tu nhan dl tien hdnh xa hdi hda theo hinh thiic ddi tdc cdng tu. Ddc biet, dy bdo nhu cdu va viec xdc dinh dja diem cho cdc trung tam logistics ddng mOt vai trd quan trgng trong viec xay dyng vd phat trien trong tugng lai vi vay cdn cd cdc nghien ciiu khoa hgc khi xac djnh vj tri ciing nhu khi quyet dinh ddu tu xay dyng, cac trang thiit bj vd phuang dn kinh doanh cho mgt trung tdm logistics.
Cdn cii vdo ngi dung phan tich ciia tdc gid vd mdt sd nghien ciiu trudc do (Ldm, 2010;
Xudn & Kiem, 2012), tdc gia dl xudt ndm budc quan trgng trong xdy dung mgt trung tdm logistics. Budc I: Dy bdo khdi lugng hang tiem ndng va nhu cau thuong mgi - dich vu tiem ndng ngi viing cua khu vyc nghien cuu cung nhu din/di ket ndi khu vyc du kien xdy dung cac trung tam logistics vdi cac khu vuc kinh te-thuang mgi khdc. Bir&c 2: Khdo sat vd nghien ciru he thdng mgng ludi logistics hien trang, ddnh gid tinh khd thi va hieu qua ciia cdc trung tam logistics tiem ndng. Bu&c 3: Xdy dyng, tinh todn vd so sdnh cdc tieu chi danh gid hieu qud xay dung, kinh doanh, khai thdc... cua cdc trung tdm logistics tai cac vi tri tilm nang dang nghien ciru. Quylt djnh lua chgn vi tri xay dyng trung tdm logistics tdi uu. Bu&c 4- Lap dy dn cac phuong dn xay dyng, ke hogch phdt trien, ke hoach qudn ly dieu hanh, ke hogch vd chien luge kinh doanh cho trung tdm logistics da lua chgn. Quyet dinh lya chgn ke hoach va phuong dn toi UTJ. Bu&c 5: Triln khai thyc hi6n theo ke hogch xdy dyng va chiln luge kinh doanh da lya chpn cung nhu cd cdc dilu chinh Iinh hoat kip thdi trong qud trinh trien khai thyc hien.
Viec tuyen truyen qudng ba thdng tin vl vai trd va Igi ich cua trung tdm logistics cung can dugc thyc hien thudng xuyen hon dl khuyin khich cdc doanh nghiep san xuat, kinh doanh, nhdt
128 Tap chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG V^N TAI So 49 - 12/2015
la cac doanh nghiep phan phdi hdng hda trong nude vd xudt nhdp khdu, tdng cudng sir dung djch vu cung img bdi cdc trung tdm logistics nhdm giam chi phi, ndng cao sire canh tranh, md rdng thj phdn va qudng bd thuang hieu cho doanh nghiep, ddng thdi tgo dgng lyc thiic day phat frien cho cdc trung tdm logistics.
4. KET LUAN
Cac giai phap de xudt d phdn tren cdn cd phdi hgp vdi viec ndng cao chat chat lugng vd hieu qud cdng tdc qudn ly nhd nude trong qud trinh triln khai thyc hien quy hoach phdt trien he thdng trung tdm logistics, bao dam tuong thich vd ddng bd vdi quy hogch phdt trien kinh te - xa hgi, quy hogch giao thdng, quy hoach xdy dung, quy hoach do thi vd cac quy hoach chuy6n ngdnh khdc Id rdt cdn thiit. Ngoai ra, viec ndng cao chdt lugng he thdng giao thdng vdn tai hien cd, uu tien huy ddng cdc ngudn lyc dl xay dyng he thdng duong bg cao tdc, dudng sdt tdc dg cao cd linj lugng giao thdng ldn tren hanh lang Bdc - Nam, Ddng - Tay; hien dgi hda he thdng nha ga, bin cdng, kho bdi, phat triln cac tuyin giao thdng vdi cdc nude Idng gieng, dudng xuySn A... la het sire quan trgng dl phdt triln cac trung tdm logistics.. Viec phdi ket hgp cdc gidi phdp ciing vdi viec di dimg cac Id trinh phdt trien dua tren nhiJng can cii cd khoa hgc se dam bao cho viec xdy dyng vd vgn hdnh cdc trung tdm logistics d Viet Nam hieu qua va mang lai nhieu Igi ich hon cho n8n kinh te.
Ngdy nh^n bai I^n ddu: 28/9/2015 Ngay nhdn bai siia: 27/11/2015 Ngay chap nh^n dSng bai: 30/10/2015
Tai li^u tham khao
[1]. BO GTVT. (2012). Quy hoach phat triln trung tam logistics din ndm 2030 (pp. 1-2). Ha Noi.
[2]. e y e HANG HAI V1$T NAM. (2013). Phat triln djch vu logistics trong ITnh vyc GTVT Viet Nam den ndm 2020 (pp. 1-185). Ho Chi Minh.
[3]. Ldm, T. S. (2010). Trung tdm logistics d Viet Nam (pp. 1-156). Ha Npi.
[4]. PORTCOAST. (2014). Lap quy hoach "Trung tam Logistics Vung Ang - Ha TTnh" (pp. 1-50). HalTnh.
[51. Xuan, H. T., & Kiem. P. V. (2012). Thyc trang he thing trung tam logistics tgi Viet Nam. Ha Npi.
Phan bi?n: TS. €)inh Thj Thanh Binh, PGS. TS. Nguyen Hong Thai.
Tgp chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG Vv^N TAI So 49 - 12/2015 129
