Cong bo - Gioi thi^u tai lieu lira trir
KY HIEM 105 NAM NGAY BAC RA Bl TIM BirffNG CITU NVBC [1911 - 2016)
VAI SUY
NGHT V £ HAISU KIEN:
N G U Y I N TAT THANH RA Dl TIM OUirNG CUII NUVC
V A N G U Y I N A I
QUOC TRirVE TO QUOC lANH DAO CACH M M G VIET N ^
TRINH VI|T DUNG
O
T6m tflt:
Trong CUQC doi hotft dgng each mgng cda Chit tich Ho Chi Minh. co hai moc ljch su quan trpng gdn vm hen v&i suphat trien cua cdch mang Vi4l Nam vd gop phdn hinh thdnh nen rngt vi nhdn kiet xuat cua ddn toe, do la: sir ki^n Nguyen Tat Thdnh - Van Ba ra di tim duang cuu nu&c ngdy 05/6/19n vd syr ki^n lanh Iv Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh tra vi To quoc tnfc rig) Idnh dao cdch mang Viet Nam ngdy 28/01/1941
Vi4c Nguyen Tdt Thdnh ra di tim duang ciru nu&c vd tdnh ttf Nguyen Ai Quoc tra ve To quoc true Hep lanh dao cdch mgng Viet Nam m& ra bu&c ngogi tcm cua cdch mgng Viit Nam. V&i nhOng quyet d{nh ljch su Nguyen Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh dd ddn du&ng dua cd ddn IQC di den nhOng thdng Ifti ve vang
Tir kb6&'. Nguyen Tdt Thdnh - Nguyen Ai Quoc, tim duang ciru nu&c, Idnh dgo cdch mgng Vi^l Nam.
1. NgirM thanh niSn ySu nirdc Nguyin Tat Th^nh ra di tim dudng curu nirdrc
Ngay 05/6/1911, tai B6n cang Sai Gon - cira ngo giao thuong xii Nam Ky, viing dat thuoc Phap sam uat bac nhat Dong DuoTig, chang thanh nien 21 tuoi Nguyen Tat TMnh (duoi ten goi la Van Ba) que a Kim Lien, Nam Dan, Nghe An voi long yeu nuac va chi huong tim duong cihx nuac, da bit ch4p hiSm nguy rcri To qu6c, "Tay du" tren chiec tau buon Phap mang ten Amiral Latouche Treville cua Hang Van tai h^p nhat, bit dSu cuoc hanh trinh 30 nam tim duong giai phong dan toe, giai phong dat nuac. Vao thai diem do, hau nhu khong ai biet quyet dinh ra di cua nguoi thanh nien yeu nuac Nguyen Tat Thanh ma lich su dan tpc sau nay da chung minh la vT dai, phi thuang ay lai gan lien van m^nh cua To quoc, vai than phan cua moi ngucri dan Viet Nam, vai viec
Ben Nhd rdng Irong qud trinh xdy dvng Photograph by John Thomson, 1867.Ngu6n: Wellcome Library L0056133
giai quyet su khung hoang ve duang loi cdch m ^ g o Viet Nam dSn nhu vay.
Ve muc dich cua chuyen di, chinh Ngucri timg noi:
"Khi toi do muoi ba tuoi, ldn ddu tien toi duac nghe ba chic Phdp Tu do, Binh ddng, Bac at Doi voi chdng toi, nguai da trdng ndo
Van Ihir - Lun trn Vi^t Nam so 6/2016
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Cong bo - Gioi thieu tai lieu luu trw cung Id nguoi Phdp. Nguoi Phdp da noi thl Vd tic thua dy. tdi muon ldm quen vdi nin vdn minh Phdp, muon tim xem nhimg gi dn gidu sau nhitng chir dy... Toi quyit dinh tim each di ra nuoc ngodi"'.
"Nhdn ddn Viit Nam trong do co ong cu tkdn sinh ra toi, luc ndy tkuong tu hoi nhau ai se la ngudi giup minh thodt khdi dch thong tri cua Phdp. Nguoi ndy nghi Id Anh, co nguai lgi cko Id My. Toi thdy phdi di ra nuac ngodi xem cho ro. Sau khi xem xet ho ldm dn ra sao, toi se tra vi gidp ddng bdo toi "^.
Do la hai cau tra lai cho mpt cau hoi chimg ve muc dich chuyen di "lich su" cua nguai thanh nien Nguyen Tat Thanh - Nguyin Ai Quoc - Ho Chi Minh, ma thai gian ciia hai cau tra Icri ay each nhau tcri 42 nam va each ngay 05/06/1911 lan lupt khoang la 11 nam va 54 nam. Day ciing chinh la nhirng loi "bpc bach" cua Nguyen Ai Quoc voi tu each la mgt ngucri dan An Nam, mpt nguai cgng san hoat dgng trong Quoc te cpng san, dang tim duong, ma loi cho dgc lap dan tgc trong bai phong van vcri nha bao Nga Oxip Mandenxtam vao nam 1923 va ciia Chu tich Ho Chi Minh vai tu c^h la ngucri dung diiu mgt nuac, dang dan ducmg va thiet ke tuong lai cho dan tgc trong mgt lin tro chuy?n voi nha bao My Anna Lou- ise Strong vao nam 1965.
Vai hai hai cau tra lai ngSn ndy, chiing ta thiy dupc phin nao "loi giai" vh muc dich va dgng co cua ehuydn di "Uch sir" cua ngucri thanh nien Nguyin xit Thanh vao nam 1911.
Cung tir hai cau tra icri nay, chiing ta ciing to tuong mpt tim long yeu nuoc ndng nan, vo han va mOt khat vgng giai phong dan tgc
gianh lai dgc lap cho To quoc chay bong cua ngudi thanh nien Nguyin Tit Thanh ma tuoi dcri khi ay moi chi ngoai doi muoi. Chiing ta cung thay duoc mOt su min cam voi thai cugc, nhay ben vai chinh tri, va ban het la mgt si;
nhin n h ^ tinh tuong, mpt tim nhin xa, trong rpng, va di lien vai do each lam moi vira tri tu?, vira diing cam, tao bao, nhung ciing h^t sue dgc dao, mang sac thai rieng cua nguoi thanh nien Nguyin Tit Thanh, do la: Khi md hdu hit nguai Vi^t Nam a thai diim do, ki cd cu thdn sinh ra Nguyen Tdt Thdnk diu nghi rdng chi cd nhirng the luc sieu cudng nhu Anh vd My mdi co the giup Viet Nam thodt khoi dch thong tri ciia Phdp, thi ckdng thanh nien Nguyin Tdt Thdnk lgi nghi tkeo mot thiin huang hodn todn khde. Cach Anh nghT cung khac vai cac vi tien boi dang kinh nhu Phan Bgi Chau vai phong trao "Dong Du" vai hy vpng nuac Nhat se giiip do Viet Nam duoi Phap, Phan Chau Trinh yeu cau ngucri Phap thuc hien cai luong... nhung deu that bai vi thilu duong loi va phuang phap each mang.
Vcri Anh, each lam moi la di ra bien Ion, di tai "ehinh quoc", di toi mpi chau luc de tiep can tit ca hien thuc dang dien ra tren the giai, dong thai thu hoach nhiing tinh hoa, nhiing tu tuang tien bg nhat cua cua nhan loai. Qua do, toi luyen y chi va phuong phap each mang, tu do hoach dinh con duang di diing dan, phu hpp vcri dieu kien va hoan canh nuoc nha di den dpc lap - tu do - hanh phiic.
Tra lai su kien nguoi thanh nien Nguyin Tat Thanh ra di tim duong giai cuu nuac ngay 05/6/1911, dira vao cac nguon tu lieu, tai lieu luu trir da dugc cac co quan huu quan, cac nha Van thv - Luu tru Viet I>Iam so 6/2016
Cong ho - Gioi thi^u tai Ueu luu t r u nghien euu day cong suu tam a trong va ngoai nuac, nhieu moc thai gian, su kien chinh ve viec nguoi thanh nien Nguyen Tat Thanh roi Phan Thiet vao Sai Gon, tim each len chiec tau buon Phap mang ten Amiral Latouche Treville sang Phap da dugc thong nhat, cu the la:
- Thang 02/1911, Nguyen Tat Thanh roi Phan Thiet vao Sai Gon. Anh o tam tai tru so cac chi nhanh ciia Lien Thanh cong ty dat tai Sai Gon la nha so 3, duong Tong doc Phuang (nay la so 5 Chau Van Liem); so nha 128, Khanh Hpi.
- Ngay 03/6/1911, Nguyin Tit Thanh liy ten la Van Ba, xin ikm phu bep tren tau tren chiec tau buon Phap mang ten Amiral La- touche Treville, mgt tau Ion viia cho hang vua cho khach cua hang Nam Sao dang chuan bi roi Thuang cang Sai Gon di Marseille (Phap).
- Ngay 05/6/1911, tCf Bin cua Thuang cang Sai Gon (nay la thanh pho Ho Chi Minh) chiee tau buon Phap mang ten Amiral La- touche Treville nho neo dua nguoi thanh nien Nguyin Tat Thanh buac vao mgt cupc hanh trinh "lich sir" keo dai 30 nam.
Ve quyet dinh xuSt duong ciia Nguyen Tat Thanh vao ngay 05/6/1911 c6 mgt so vin dl can lam ro.
® Ve viec tai sao Nguyen Tdt Thdnh chpn Sdi Gon, Nam Ky vd Thuang cdng Sdi Gon Id diem xudt phdt cho cugc hdnh trinh tim eon dudng gidi phdng ddn tpc
Ly giai cho vipc nay, chiing toi cho rang lya chgn ciia ngucri thanh nien Nguyin Tit Thanh la hoan toan co co so. Boi le, liic nay Nam Ky luc tinh dugc thuc dan Phap dat duoi
che do true tri. Thye dan Phap xac dinh chl dp cai tri a Lyc tinh nhu mgt hat hai ngoai cua nuoc Phap, nghia la khong chiu anh huang cai tri ve mat hanh ehinh ciia trieu dinh phong kiln nha Nguyen. La xii true tri nen quy che hanh chinh cua nuoc Cpng hoa Phap phai dugc ap dyng a day. Dieu nay c6 nghia la xii Nam Ky CO dugc mgt so "dac quyen" ma cac xii bao hp khae 6 vimg Dong Duong khong dugc huang.
Cy the, theo ngucri Phap, viing nay eong dan dupc huang quyen ty do, dan chii cao hem. Vi dy nhu nguoi ban xir co dieu kien se vao "lang Tay"; co so ha tang cho mgt nen kinh te, van h6a, xa hgi hipn dai o vung nay se dugc xay dyng uu tien, tot hon, nhieu hon va nhanh han eae dia ban khac; van hoa, van minh "chinh quoc" ciing co nhieu anh huang tryc tiep den virng true tri-'...
Cung voi cac chinh sach "uu tien" nhu tren ve chinh tri, ngucri Phap eung thi hanh nhung chinh sach khai thac kinh te o vung Nam Ky mgt each c6 lgi nhit cho chinh qu6c. Thuang eang Sai Gon lliic bay gia dupe thye dan Phap coi la cua ngo giao thuong quan trgng bac nhat cua Phap o Viln Dong nen sam dupc quan tam diu tu. Sai Gon duac mo cho sy thong thucmg tir nam 1860, khi quan Phap chilm Nam Ky.
Voi nhung sy bo tri eiia no, Thuong eang Sai Gon CO the ti8p nhan cimg mgt luc 40 chiSc tau trpng tai nang^. Va of day, c6 nhieu cong ty tdu bien Ion chay duang Phap - Dong Duong, nen rat thuan lpi cho viec sang Phap.
Sai Gon, manh dit thii phii Nam Ky, noi Nguyen Tit Thanh dumg chan ngan nhit, nhung lai co vai tro quyet dinh doi voi su lya chpn con duang ciiu nuac cua Anh. Tu vi$c Van thir - Lnu tru* Vi«^t Nam so 6/3016
C6ng ho • Gioi thieu tai h e u luu trir Sai Gon la manh dit dl tim kilm cong an vi?c lain hon cac vimg khae va ciing dl kilm manh moi xuat duong, nen Nguyin Tit Thanh da xin dupc viee dl lam a tau Phap^...
M^t khac, a Sai Gon cung de di l^i hon cae viing khac, nen nguoi thanh niSn Nguyin Tat Thdnh de dang tham nhdp vao thyc tl cua cugc song. Anh vao cac khu phd chg, lam quen voi gioi thg thuyen, tiep can voi nhtmg nguoi da timg tham gia phong trao Dong Du, Duy Tan va thay rang ngay giiia Sai Gon d6 so, sam uat... van co nhiing bat cong giiia hai eanh song cua thuc dan Phap va ngucri lao dgng.
Va chinh dieu nay da tiep them dpng co va y chi ra di tim duong ciiu nuoc cua nguoi thanh nien Nguyen Tat Thanh.
® Ve hdnh trang cua ngiroi thanh nien yeu niedc Nguyen Tdt Thdnh trir&c chuyin di lich sir
Khi noi ve hanh trang eiia thanh nien Nguyen Tat Thanh truoc chuyen di lich su, nhieu nguoi eho rang hanh trang cua Nguai khong CO gi ngoai long yeu nuac,"hai ban tay trang" (co the hieu la: cong cu/phuang tien lao dpng/Sy nghiep chua co gi/khong co cua cai - vo san) voi quyet tam tim ra chan li de trd vl cuu nuoc, eiiu dan, ciru nuac khoi kiep dga day no le. Nhan dinh tren la hoan toan c6 co so va tucmg d6i chinh xac. Nhung voi chiing toi, ngoai nhan dinh tren, chiing toi suy nghT rSng hdnh trang cua ngu'di thanh nien Nguyin Tit Thanh con la tit ca nhiing gi san co d Ngudi, vd nhiing gi Ngirdi tich luy dupc ngay tu moi trudng sdng, mdi trudng hgc tap vd giao dye, cy thl la:
Tu chit thdng minh thien bam/thien
phli (tri tue ed san): Ngay tir nhd Nguyen Tat Thanh Id mdt hpe trd thdng minh, nhanh tri, co tri nhd tdt, thich hieu biet, thich tim tdi, kham pha, md rpng kien thuc va khdng chiu dimg lai d viec hgc trong sach thanh hien vd hgc theo ldi "tim ehuong trich cu"...
- Vdn kien thire chac chan, sac sao dupe tich luy duge tu mdi trudng sdng va mdi trudng hgc tap: Nguyen Tat Thanh sinh ra d
"dat van vat, chon thi thu" giau truyen thdng van hda va hieu hgc bac nhat d xii Ngh?. Tir nhd Ngudi da dugc hgc cha va thay Vucmg Thiie Quy mdt trong "tii hd" ciia dat Nam Dan.
Tiep do, Ngudi vdo hpc Tnidng Phap - ban xii de kham pha tir "Phap". Ngoai viec tiep thu kien thirc tir sach vd, hgc chii Qudc ngu vd chu Phap, Ngudi con quan tam den viec thyc hgc va thyc nghiep, vd the hien ro quyet dinh con dudng nen di do Id sang Phap de tryc tiep kham pha, tim hieu van hda Phap, hieu nudc Phap, rdi trd ve giiip ddng bao, chdng lai sy bat binh dang ap buc vd bat edng.
- Qua trinh tiep thu tu tudng yeu nude:
Nguyen Tat Thdnh sdm tiep thu tu tudng yeu nudc ngay tir ngudi cha la cu Nguyen Sinh Sac va eac mdi quan he cita dng. Ngay tu nhd Nguyen Tat Thanh da duge trye tiep nghe cu Phan Bdi Chau vd ban ciia cha ddm dao ve con dudng danh Phdp. Ddng thdi, tren cac chang dudng di qua, Anh da dupc chiing kien noi thdng khd ciia ddng bdo vi mat ddc lap ma khdng cd mdt chiit ty do dan ehu nao,... Nhiing dilu nay da hun diic nen ngudi thanh nien Nguyin Tdt Thanh mpt long yeu nudc ndng ndn va mdt khat vgng gidi phdng dan tdc chay bdng;
- Tat ca nhung yeu td tren eiing tao nen Van thu - Luu trir Vi^t Nam so 6/2016
Cong ho - Gioi thi^u tai lieu luu trir nhiing thien hudng mdi, each ldm mdi, dac biet ehi cd d Nguyin Tdt Thdnh, dan tdi viec Ngudi ra di tim dudng ciiu nudc vao dung thdi diem cd dan tde khiing hodng, be tae ve dudng ldi vd phuang phap each mang.
Tdm lai, khi ddc lap dan tpc can cd ldi giai, Nguyin Tit Thanh da ra di mpt minh vdi hai bdn tay trdng, vdi nhiing gi san ed d Ngudi vd dat nudc, gia dinh va que huong da trao cho Ngudi. Dd la hanh trang can thiet de Ngudi lam tiln dl ra di tim hilu nudc Phap va thl gidi, qua do tim ra con dudng gidnh ddc lap ddn tpc, dem lai ty do, hanh phue cho nhdn dan.
**
2. Lanh tu Nguyen Ai Qu6c trd ve To quoc lanh d^o each mang
Ngdy 28/01/1941 (tiic ngay mdng 2 thang Gieng nam Binh Tudt), sau 30 nam hoat ddng lien tyc d nudc ngodi de tim con dudng ciiu nudc, ciiu dan, Nguyin Tit Thanh - lanh ty Nguyin Ai Qudc da ve nude vd chgn Pac Bd, Cao Bdng ldm ncri tryc tiep lanh dao each mang Vi?t Nam. Tai day, Ngudi tich cyc chuin bi eae dilu kipn can thiet de lam nen thing lpi Cach mang thdng Tam vi d?i, gidnh chinh quyen ve tay nhan dan.
® Dirdfng ve To quoc
Cudi nhiing nam 30 eua the ky XX, Chien tranh thl gidi thii II bung no. Vdi tu duy ehiln luge sae sao, nhay ben, Nguyen Ai Qudc nhan djiih: Chien tranh khdng ehi la nguy ca cudp di hang tripu sinh mang con ngudi d cdc nude tham chien, ddng thdi la eo hdi de nhan dan cdc nudc nhupc tieu diing len gianh dgc lap.
Trangdducuon "Con du&ng gidi phong", ldi heu hudn luy^n ho cdn bo cdch mang ndm 1940. Nguon Bdo tang Ho Chi Min)
Ngudi de nghi Qudc te Cdng san de Ngudi trd vl nudc lanh dao each mang Vift Nam vd duac chdp nhdn.
Ngdy 29/9/1938, Nguyin Ai Quoc rdi Vien Nghien eiru eac van de ddn tpc vd thupe dia'' tdi Trung Qudc. Tai day, Ngudi tim each lien lac ve nudc.
Cudi nam 1939, Ngudi bit lien I^c duac vdi td chirc Ddng. Ngudi trye tiep nghe ddng ehi Phiing Chi Kien - Phy trach Ban Cdng tac Hai ngoai cua Dang bdo cao linh hinh trong nude va hoat dgng cua Ddng tai nha dng Tdng Minh Phuang, sd 77, dudng Kim Bich, thdnh pho Cdn Minhl Ddng thdi, trong nudc cung dugc bilt lanh ty Nguyin Ai Qudc da cd mat t^i Qudng Tdy - Trung Qudc va cu mdt sd dong chi sang tryc tilp gap Ngudi.
Ngay 20/6/1940 d Cdn Mmh, sau khi nghe tin Paris thit thii, Nguyin Ai Qudc da trieu t|ip Van thu - Lvu trir Vifet Nam stf 6/2016
I
C*ng bo - Gioi thieu tai lieu luu trir cudc hpp tai Tda soan bdo D.T nh^n dinh tmh hinh va quylt dinh tim each vl nudc ngay.
Trong khi chuin bi vl nudc, Nguyin Ai Qudc - Hd Chi Mmh da md ldp huin luyen cho 43 cdn bd eiia Cao Bang. Ngi dung giang day la cuon "Con dudng gidi phdng" do Ngudi va cac tra ly giang day nhu Phung Chi Kien, Pham Van Ddng, Vo Nguyen Giap thyc hien.
Cac tai lieu huan luyen do Ngudi td ehirc bien soan, sau in litd thanh sach nhan dl Con duong gidi phong.
Dau thang 12/1940, Ngudi cimg mdt sd can bg rdi Que Lam di xudng Tliih Tdy, Qudng Tay, Trung Qudc^. Thang 01/1941, tai TTnh Tay, ddng ehi Hoang Van Thy thay mat Tnmg uang Ddng sang true tiep bao cao Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ve tinh hinh each mang trong nude. Ngudi cung cdc ddng chi thao ludn tinh hinh the gidi va trong nudc, lya chpn hudng vl nudc. Ngudi phan tich eac dieu kien ca ban bao dam cho viec xay dyng can cii dia: cd phong trao quan chiing nhan dan bao ve can bg lanh dao viing ehac va cd vi tri ehien luge, tijc la ed dudng tien, dudng nit khi cdn thiet;
thuan lpi khi tin cdng, khd khan cd the giii, tien lgi lien lac vdi ben ngodi. Sau do, Ngudi quylt dinh Cao Bang la dia diem trd ve vd la ncri tryc tilp lanh dgo each mang Vi?t Nam.
® Tru-c tiip lanh dgo cdch mang Vi$t Nam gidnh chinh quyin vi tay nhdn ddn
Sau khi vl nudc tryc tilp lanh dao each mang Vi|t Nam, lanh tu Nguyen Ai Qudc da nhanh chdng bit tay xdy dyng co sd each mang, td chirc quin chung d Cao Bdng (dai ban doanh cua each mang). Ddng thdi, Ngudi cd nhiing quylt dinh quan trpng dl each mang
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Scr luac ve Cuang ITnh vd to chuc hoat dgngCua Vi^t Minh (trang 1) Nguon: Bdo tdng Ho Chi Minh
VietNam tien len:
- Tkay doi "chien lucre" cdck mgng Viet Ngm
Sau ba thang ve nude, dudi danh nghTa Quoc te Cdng san, tu ngay den ngdy 10/5 - 19/5/1941, Nguyin Ai Qudc da tripu tgp Hdi nghi lin thir tam Ban Chip hanh trung uang Ddng, thdo lu|in thdng nhdt vd quyet dinh
"thay ddi chiln luac" cdch mang Viet Nam nham xde dinh mue tieu Id "giai phdng dan tdc, dde lap cho ddt nude", "Liic ndy khdng tranh dupc giai phdng dan tdc, thi quyen lgi cua giai cip, ciia dan tpc hdng vgn nam ciing khdng ddi dupc". Hpi nghi Trung uong 8 md diu cho thdi ky tu tudng Hd Chi Minh todn thang.
- Quyit dinh doi moi to chire, dodn kit ddn tQC xdy dimg luc luang cdck mgng Viet Ngm;
doi mdi pkuang thirc Idnh dgo cug Ddng trong
Van thu - Liru trir Viet Nam so 6/2016
U
Cong bo - Gioi thi^u tai lieu luu tru to chuc luc lugng cdch mgng vd phuong tkuc ddu trank
Cung tai Hdi nghi lan thii tam Ban Chap hanh trung uong Dang, Nguyen Ai Qudc da phan tich va thdng nhdt tu tudng trong todn Dang: mgt Id "phdi lien hiep tit thay nhan dan Ddng Duong, khdng chira mgt giai edp nao"
de hodn thdnh nhiem vy giai phdng dan tdc.
Hai Id nhifm vy giai phdng dan tdc dat trong khudn khd timg dan tdc. Cdc ddn tdc sdng tren bdn ddo Ddng Ducmg se tu quyet dinh van menh ciia minh. Nhung cd ba nudc Ddng Duong ed ehung mgt ke thu eho nen each mang Viet Nam khdng the tdeh rdi each mang Lao va each mang Campuchia.
Tu tudng ddi mdi cua Nguyen Ai Qudc - Hd Chi Minh trong phuang thiic Idnh dao the hien d vai trd, dia vi lanh dao ciia Dang ddi vdi Mat tran bdng phuang thiie ehinh tri diing dan vd tinh thin hy sinh. Ddng vien phdi tich cue tham gia cac dodn the cuu qudc cua mat tran, qua dd tuyen truyen dudng ldi, ehinh sach cua Ddng vdo quan chiing.
- Thdnh ldp Mgt trgn J^it Minh Vao thdi dilm nam 1941, Mat trdn tap hgp lyc lupng cdch mang lay ten la Mat trdn thdng nhit dan tdc phdn de Ddng Duong khdng edn phu hpp vd ciing khdng huy ddng tdi da sue manh cua mdi dan tdc. Vi vay, Chu tich Hd Chi Minh ehii truang thdnh lap Mat tian Viet Nam Dpc lap Ddng Minh hay gpi tat Id Viet Minh.
Vai tid cua Mat tian la vd ciing quan tipng, nhu Giao su Trin Van Gidu da ndi "Khdng cd chuyln hudng do cu Hd dl nghi thi khdng cd Mat tran Viet Minh, ma khdng ed Mat tran Viet
Minh thi khdng ed cdch mang thdng Tam".
Dudi su chu tri cua Chii tieh Hd Chi Minh, Hdi nghi Trung uong VIII da xdy dyng va friln khai thyc hifn Chuong trinh Vift Minh, Dilu If Vift Nam nong dan ciiu qudc hdi, Dieu If ciia Vift Nam tieu td du kich ciru qudc.
Mat trdn Vift Minh ra bao Viet Nam Dgc lap, liy dd la co quan ngdn luan vd tuyen tinayln ciia khdi dai dodn ket dan tdc.
- Thanh lap Dpi Vift Nam Tuyen tmyen gidi phdng qudn
Nam 1944, tai Cao Bdng, Idnh tii Nguyen Ai Qudc-Hd Chi Minh chi thi thdnh lap Dpi du kich Vift Nam ddu tien, chi dao lap xudng chl tao va sira chiia vu khi, thanh lap dpi Viet Nam tuyen truyen giai phdng quan.
Chil tich Hd Chi Minh ehi thi thanh lap, true tilp gido dye chinh tri, huan luyfn quan su cho dpi du kich Cao Bang. Ngudi tiao cho dpi 10 dilu ky luat, nam 1944 frd thanh 10 ldi the cua Dpi Vift Nam Tuyen truyen Giai phdng qudn. Vd sau ndy frd thdnh 10 ldi the danh dy ciia Qudn dpi Nhdn dan Vift Nam.
Ngudi tryc tilp vach ra nhung net ehinh ve nguyen tac td chirc, phuang eham hdnh ddng, chuin bi vu khi, luong thyc, duyft danh saeh chi huy, dpi vien, chi dinh ngudi phu trdeh, chi thi thdnh lap Vift Nam Tuyen truyin Giai phdng quan. Chi thi Id van kifn lich sir, dugc eoi nhu cuong ITnh qudn sy dau tien cua Dang ta. Chi thi ddnh diu budc hodn chinh xdy dyng lyc lugng vu tiang each mang frong thdi ky khdi nghia d Viet Nam.
Nhu vgy, ttong 04 sdng lap ldn Id sdng lap Ddng, Mat frdn Viet minh, Quan dpi va Nhd Van thu - Lmi trft Vi^t Nam so 6/2016
Cong bo - Gioi thieu tai lieu luu tru
nudc till ngay frong giai doan d i u v l nudc lanh each mang Viet Nam. Sy kien ndy cung ddnh dao each mang Viet Nam Nguyin Ai Qudc - diu budc khdi diu cho mdt "sii mfnh" mdi md Ho Chi Mmh da cd hai sang Igp ldn: sang lap lich sir giao phd eho ngudi, dd Id: ddn ddt ca Mat fran va Quan dpi. ddn tdc di den Cach mang Thdng Tdm thanh Sau khi Khu giai phdng Viet Bde ra ddi cdng vd md ra nhiing thing lgi ve vang cho ngdy 04/6/1945, frd thdnh can cir dia each dan tdc D
mang vd la hinh dnh thu nhd cua Nha nudc chii thich:
Viet Nam mdi, "Dgi bdn doanh" ciia each mang d P i e Pd, Cao Bdng chuyln v l Tan
Trao, Tuyen Quang. Tgi ddy, Nguyin Ai Qudc '' ^^'^ Mandenxfam, Thdm mgt chiin siQu4c iS Cpng sdn - - Hd Chi Minh dd chuin bi eho cdng vifc khdi ^^^^^ ^' ^ ^ ' ' ^^" °s°"'°^-'° ^^' "8^y 23-12-1923. Ban nghTa gidnh chinh quyln. Vd thdi eo lich sir da "^^""^ '"^ '^' ^^^ ^^ "^ ^^' '^''^
tdi, Cach mang thdng Tdm da dien ra khdng 2. Ba ian nSi chuyen v&i Chu tich m Chi Minh Bao Nhan the sdm hon hay mudn hem mgt ngdy. Ngdy dan, ngay I8/5/1965.
02/9/1945, tgi Quang tnrdng Ba Dinh lich su 3. Nguyin Dinh Le. Ca cdu Nam Ky thai can dgi. Ngu6n:
Chii tich Hd Chi Minh da dgc Ban tuyen ngdn httnV/wwwcamau.gov vn ddc lap ddnh d i u sy hien difn ciia mgt qude
gia Viet Nam ddc lap, ty do vd mdt ehinh t h l Nhd nudc mdi: Nhd nudc Viet Nam Dan chu Cgng hda.
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Tdm lai, hai sy kien: Ngudi thanh nien Nguyen Tat Thanh ra di tim dudng ciiu nudc (06/5/1911) va lanh ty Nguyen Ai Qudc v l Td qude (28/01/1941) Id hai sy kien dac bift, mang tinh budc ngodt ciia lich sii dan tdc.
Vm su kien Nguyen Tdt Thdnh ra di tim dudng ciiu nudc, lieh su da dat Ngudi vdo diing ehd cua minh, vd qua qud trinh hoat ddng, Ngudi frd thdnh nhdn vat sdng tao, quyet dinh eiia each mgng Vift Nam. Vdi sy kifn lanh ty Nguyin Ai Qudc frd ve Td qudc true tiep lanh dao each mgng Viet Nam. Sy kifn nay khdng ehi k i t thiic chang dudng ddi sau g i n ba muoi nam bdn ba tim dudng eiiu nude eua
Ngudi, md cdn m d ra budc ngoat to ldn cua thanh ph6 H6 CU Minh, Sdd, tr423
4. Nguyin The Anh Vi^t Nam du&i th&i Phdp do ho. NXB Van hoc, H:2008,tr 163-165.
5 Nguyin Thj Hoa Xinh. Mgt vdi suy nghive nai NguySn Tdt Thdnh da hpc nghe a Sdi Gdn ndm 1911 tru&c khi ra di lim duang cuu nu&c. Bao tang H6 Chi Minh - Bao tang H6 Chi Minh Chi nhanh thanh pho Ho Chi Minh. Nghidn ciiu, xac mmh tur lieu va dja chi Chu tich Ho Chi Minh da s6ng vi hoat dong 6 niroc ngoai tir nam 1911 den nam 1941 Nha xuit ban Chinh tri qu6c gia - Sif th$t. H: 201i, trl6-21.
6 Ban chyp tai lieu ciia Cue Lmi trii Tnang uong, thuoc Vien Nghien cmi chii nghia Mac - Lenin (Lien X6 tmdc day), Luu t?ii Vi^n Ho Chi Minh.
7, Bao tang H6 Chi Minh - Bao tang H6 Chi Minh Chi nhanh thanh phfi Ho Chi Minh. Nghien ciiu, xac minh tu lieu vii dia chi Chii tjch Ho Chi Minh da song va hoat dpng a nuoc ngoai tunam 1911 den nam 1941. Nha xual ban Chinh trj quoc gia -Si^that.H 20Il,tr423
8. Bao lang H6 Chi Minh - Bao lang H6 Chi Minh Chi nhanh
I
Van thw - Lira trn Vi^t Nam so fi/SOIS
