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HdA - TRUTlH THfifNG VA PHAT THIEHNha nghe thuat quan chung Thu do cai noi cua My thuat Ha Noi
THAN THI QUYHH NHU (Hpi My thugt Viet Nam)
1. S I ; phat tri^n cua Nha nghg thudt quan chung ThCi do.
Phdi khing djnh nhQng ndm 60, 70 t h i k^ XX phong trdo my thudt quan ehUng Thu do rat phdt trien. Hoi do vide dupe hpc tgi Trudng Cao ding My thudt Viet Nam (nay Id trudng Dgi hpe My thuat Viet Nam) Id dilu khdng d l ddng, thi vdo trudng rd't khd, so lupng tuyIn sinh hgn che... Trong khi dd sd lUdng ngUdi ed ndng khilu, ydu thich my thudt d Hd Npi rdt ddng, "Nhd nghd thudt quin ehung ThD dd" ra ddi da dap Ung dude nhu d u dd.
Cd sd ddu tien 6 89 Nguyen Thdi Hpc r i i den Vdn Milu sau ehuyen den 88 Hdng Bulm (cila sau rap Kim Mdn) - Hd Ndi. Co 3 ldp hpi hpa 1,2,3 Idp dieu khic hpc chung mdt dja dilm nhung cung phan theo trinh dd. 6 dja diem 89 Nguyin Thai Hpe Idp hpa 2 hpc ting 1, bdn ngoai Idp ed khdm trOc tgo ednh quan rdt dgp, ben cgnh Id Idp dieu khae; cong chinh nhin thing vdo Idp 3 6 dd cd nhQng hpc vien ky cgu nhu Cd Chu Pin, Nguyen Hud'ng, Thanh Tra... nhDng ngudi thdi dd rit dupe hpc vien Idp dadi ngadng mp, ldp hpa 1 hpc d tren gac. Khi ehuyen d i n 88 Hdng Bulm thi Idp didu khie hpc 6 dadi nhd, ting 2 Id Idp hpa 2, 3, ldp hpa 1
hpe d ting 3... Cae buoi toi tii 19h d i n 21 h30 cdc Idp deu sang den, hpc vidn Id can bp cdng nhan vidn chUe Idm vide d cac ed quan, xi nghidp, nhd mdy, hpp tac xd ndng nghidp, tiiu thij cdng nghiep, hpc sinh d p III p h i thdng, viec d cdc cd quan, xi nghiep, nhd mdy, hpc sinh cap III trUdng pho thdng nhDng ngUdl kinh doanh v.v.. Hpe vien dUdc hpe ehUdng trinh ve hinh hpa, bo cgc, trang tri, sang chCi nhdt thi ve phong ednh ngoai trdi (tham khdo chUdng trinh cCia trudng Cao dang my thudt Vidt Nam).
Hogt dpng cua Nhd nghd thudt quin Chung ThCi do trdi trong thdi bao d p , ddt nude ed ehien tranh, miln Nam Id tiln tuyen Idn, miln Bie vUa lao dgng sdn xult Id hdu phUdng Idn cho mien Nam, vDa chlng tra cupe ehien tranh pha hogi eua d l quoe My.
Kinh te, ddi song h i t sUc khd khdn, ky Ig thay dilu ndy khdng dnh hudng d i n sU say me eua nhQng ngudi dam me t h i hidn sang tao edi dgp. ChT ed xe dgp, tdu dien la phUdng tien ehu y l u , eo ngUdi khdng ed xe, hdng toi mang gia, bdng ve di bd g i n chgc km d l dung gid d i n vdi ldp hpc, di ve phong d n h xa thi deo nhau. Cd hpc vien 8 gid
"vang ngpc" quai bua, xdy dgng, dilu khien mdy mdc, dao ham tru an_. & cd quan met
D I I N D A N V A N NGHE V l f T NAM (242) - 3 / 2015 67 4t
VAN HOA - TRUYEN THONG VA PHAT TRIEN
nhoai, t i i d i n di hpe ed luc ngO gat, thay r i t nghidm nhung eung thdng edm. Cd toi d i n idp vUa xep mdu ve va on djnh gia, bdng ve, xong bdng tilng cdi bao dong, loa phdng thanh phdt Idn: "Dong bdo chU y, may bay djeh edeh Hd Ndi 50 eay so..." the la didn tit, mpi ngUdi vpi ra him trd In... Vai lan nhuvay Id hit buli t i i v.v„ Vdt lieu ve h i i dd thdt kham hilm, than ve tg ehe bang each cho eanh ddu vdo Ing bd, d i p dat ben ngoai roi cho vao Id dit d l Idm than ve, hpc vidn chia nhau ru|t bdnh mi de Idm tly, thinh thodng Igi ed it chi, than cua Phap, DUc, Nga... cua nhQng ngudi di nudc ngodi ve tgng. Mau ve phin Idn Id bdt mdu, sdn d i u thi tu c h i blng cdch trdn d i u lanh vdi bdt mdu, thi thodng eung cd it mdu d i u , mdu nudc cua ngoai, nhDng hpa phim dd thdt Id quy. But ve trong nude sdn xult dung chua that Ung y, thfeh nhd't Id bdt "con sdc" cua Trung Quoe nhUng mua 1 bO bing tiln 1^ thdng lUdng, nhieu khi miy ngudi chung nhau de mua 1 bp 12 but Toan ve sdn d i u lay bao tai roi dung keo da trdu, keo xUdng cd, son trang de phiD Idn trdn tgo thdnh toan ve. Giay ve la giay crdki, ed khi dung giiy in bao (giay xop, ve mdu rit dn nhung tranh de Idu bi gay). Ldp didu khic hpe Idm tupng trdn, phu dieu bing dit sdt, hpa hoin lim mdi cd thgeh eao d l tUdng.
Hdng ndm cd m^t lln t l chUe trai sang tae, trgi vidn Id cde hpe vidn dgt dilm kha trd len, thudng ehpn tU Idp 2. Chi den khi vdo trai cdc hpe vidn mdi dupc phdt chat lieu "xjn" de t h i hien tdc phim. Cdc phae thdo phdi dupe duydt qua Hdi ding gidm khdo Id cdc hpa sT, nha didu khic ed tdn tuli, cdc hpc vidn cd phdc thdo tdc phim hpp chat lidu nao se phdn vdo cdc t l : to sdn dau, Iga, khae gd
(khdng ed sdn mai), lam didu khae ehl c6 chat lidu thgeh cao, sau moi dpt trgi Nha nghd thudt lgi t l chUe triln lam bao cao. Mpt hogt d^ng mgnh cija nhQng ngUdi hoat dpng my thudt cOa Nha nghd thudt quin chung dd Id ve tranh dp phich, trong so eae hpc vidn cd nhilu ngudi lam edng tac van hda tgi cac nha may, xi nghiep hp Id cdng nhdn ed ndng khilu dupe eae ed quan cii di hpe v l phye vu cd quan. Trong khdng khi sdi sue cua Ha Ndi sdn xuat, chien dau thi viec ve tranh co ddng tgi cde ed sd sdn xua't, ndi edng cdng Id mdt hogt ddng van hda mgnh cQa thdi do.
Tranh co d|ng cung Id t h i mgnh cija Nha nghd thudt quin chung Thij dd, cae tac phim dd gdp phin dap Ung nhlem vg ehfnh tri, van hda xd hdi, ddng vidn tinh thin cCia qudn ddn Hd Ndi.
Khd khdn Id v$y nhUng hang nam deu c6 nhDng tde phim my thugt xua't sac dupc triln lam bdo cdo, tuyIn ehpn trung bay tgi Triln lam my thudt Hd Ndi, todn qud'c, dupc luu giQ tgi Bdo tdng my thudt Vidt Nam.
D I ddp Ung trinh dp cua hgc vidn ngay mdt ndng cao dau nhOng nam 70 (thi ky XX) ldp Cao ding My thudt tgi chUc (cDa cdn bp cdng nhdn vien ThD dd hpe buli til) dUde to ehUe tgi Nhd nghd thudt quan ehUng ThO dd - (Sau d i i Id Nhd Vdn hoa Thdng tin Hd Ndi) - trg sd tgi 88 Hang Buom - Hd Ndi.
Thi vdo phdi dgt tieu chuin, dd la ve 1 bdi hinh hpa, 1 bdi trang tri, 1 bdi b l cgc, c6 ngudl d l thi r i t vui sUdng, ngUdi trupt cung buin nhu hpe sinh di thi dgi hpe vdy, khda hpc la 5 ndm. D i u nhQng 80 cdc trudng Cao ding my thudt Ha Npi, Cao ding my thudt edng nghidp md hd tgi chUe, vide tuyen sinh rpng rai hdn, nhilu hpe vidn Idp my thu^t
68 DIEN DAN VAN NGH^ VI^T NAM (242) - 3 / 2015
VAN HOA - TRUYEN THONG VA PHAT TRIEN
cda Nha nghd thudt quin chung Thu dd da thi dd, hp tiep tge b l sung nhQng kiln thUe va tay nghi tai 2 trudng my thudt ldn ndy, nhilu ngudi da trd thdnh hpa sT, nha dieu khae cd tdn t u l i cua Hd Ndi, Vidt Nam. Hp khdng bao gid qudn nhQng nam thdng tai Nhd nghd thugt quan chung Thu dd - dd Id
"cdi ndi" dua hp d i n vdi nghd thudt.
2. Cac thay day nhufng ngiidi tam huylt vdi nghe.
NhQng hpc vien hpc my thudt tgi Nhd nghd thudt qudn ehUng Thu dd thdt hanh phue khi dupe cdc thay dgy la cdc hpa sT, nhd didu khic ed ten tuoi gidng dgy, do Id cdc hpa sT Phgm Vilt Song, Quang Phdng, Nguyin Bic, thay Giam, Do HQu H u l , Trjnh Phdng, Hoang Quy, Tg ThUc Binh, Nguydn Van Chung, Phan Chi, Vdn Binh, Khanh Phli cdc nhd dieu khae Phgm Gia Giang, Cln Thu Cdng, Nguyin Thidn, Ld ThUdc, mdn Ljch sii my thudt cd nhd nghien cDu Tridu Thuc Dan, Chu Quang TrU, Phgm Cdng Thanh v.v... Luc trgi sang tae dupc to chUe, nhd trudng cd mdi thdm hpa sT Trin Van c l n , Lupng Xudn Nhj, Dinh Trpng Khang, Trin LUu Hau... Cae thiy da dan dit hpc vidn tU nhDng budc dl ban d i u vdi my thugt cho d i n ngdy trudng thdnh, nhieu ngudi da trd thdnh ding nghidp.
3. Nhieu hpa sT, nha didu khao dUdc trudng thanh xii day.
Nhilu hpa sT, nhd dieu khie Ha Ndi cd tdn tuoi cilia Thi!i dd rat tg hdo vi da ed nhDng ndm thdng du<?c rdn luyen nghe nghidp cua minh tgi Nhd nghd thudt quin ehUng Thu dd, hp r i t bilt dn nhQng ngudi thdy dd ddn d i t tu bude di ban d i u .
TQ chd g i n bd vdi Nhd nghd thudt quan
Chung Thd dd, hp tilp tge Id nhQng ngUdi hogt ddng tich cue, lUc lUdng ndng cot cCia my thucit chuyen nghiep, tae pham ciia hp thadng xuat hidn tai cdc triln Idm my thudt ca nhdn, nhdm tdc gia, trien lam my thugt khu vge, trien lam my thudt todn quoc. Cd ngadi Id gidng vidn tradng my thudt, la nha quan ly eo tdn tuoi, dupc phong Gido sU, Nhd giao nhdn ddn, nhieu ngUdl cd hpc vj tiln sT, thgc sT... Bang sU lao dpng sang tgo, ho da gdp cdng sUe eiia minh xdy dung nen my thudt Vidt Nam.
K l ta khi thdnh ldp, Ijch sii dd trdi qua g i n 60 ndm, cudc s i n g thay d i i da ddn theo thay d l l cua Nha nghd thudt quan chung Thd dd, nhUng can phdi khang djnh vj tri, vai trd cua to chQc ndy trong Ijch SLf my thudt Hd Npi. Nha ngh# thugt q u i n Chung Thu do, ndi co nhQng ngUdi t h i y tdn tinh (da so cac thdy gid day khdng cdn nQa), nhQng ngUdi hpc trd can eu, ehdm ehl hpc tap, lao dpng sdng tgo de thanh qud ngay hom nay Id cae tac pham my thudt ghi dau an, tgo nen dpi ngu hpa sT, nha dieu khae trong Ijch sQ my thudt Hd Ndi, Ijch sD my thu^t Viet Nam. Ngdy nay t l chUc Nha nghd thudt quan chUng ThO dd cd nhilu thay doi, ed nhieu eupc gap mat de to chUc anh chj em da tUng sinh hoat tgi day thanh Cdu lac bd my thuat Hd Ndi, ed nhilu nhdm van duy tri dUde nep sdng tac thudng xuyen, di tham nhdp thi^c te d l Idm tac p h i m . DU cdch thUc t l ehUe t h i ndo mpi ngudi ludn giQ trong ky Qc nhDng budc di d i u tidn eda minh d i n vdi nghd thuat id Nhd nghe thudt quan chung ThD dd -
"Cai ndi" cDa My thuat Hd Ndi. n
DIEN D A N VAN N G H I VIET NAM (242) -3/2015 69