QUAN TRj-QUAN LY
NGHIEN CLfU CAC NHAN TO ANH HlJCfNG DEN MlfC DO GAN KET CUA CAN BO, NHAN VIEN TAI BENH VIEN QUAN DOAN 4
• CAO TH! THANH TRUC
TOIW TAT:
Bai viet nghien cifu eac nhan to' anh hiTdng den miJc dd gan k^t eua can bo, nhan vien tai Benh vien Quan doan 4 difa tren cd sd ly thuyet ve tieu chi danh gia doi vdi van de hen he, pho'i hdp ciing vdi nhiing y kie'n tham khao cua nhom thao luan.
Tac gia da ti^'n hanh di^u tra vdi c6 mau la 223 cung nhif ap dung phu'dng phap kiem dinh Cronbachs Alpha va phSn tich EFA, hoi quy tuye'n tinh, phan tich ANOVA. Ke't qua cuoi ciing nghidn ciJu cho thCy mlJe d6 gan ket eua can bd, nhan vien tai day anh hudng bdi 6 nhSn t6':
(1) Thu nhap (p = 0,284), (2). Dong nghiep (p = 0,257), (3). Phuc ldi (p = 0,229), (4). Di^u kien lam viec (p = 0,228), (5). Lanh dao ( p = 0,188), (6). Ban chat cong vi6c (p = 0,183).
Tuf khoa: Thu nh$p, d6ng nghi$p, phdc ldi, dieu kien lam viec, lanh dao, ban chat cong vide, mtfe 66 gin k6'l.
I. Dat van d§
Trong giai doan hien nay, do s\i bie'n ddng manh cua nen kinh te'thi tru'dng doi hdi cae doanh nghiep (DN) ludn phai do'i mat vdi moi trudng eanh tranh ngay cang gay g^t, dong thdi viec dap iJng nhu cau ngay cang cao cua nhan vien doi hdi cac nha quan tri cua Viet Nam can phai cd each nhin va phUdng phap, ky nang phu hdp de cd the quan tri du'dc Cdn ngifdi dat hieu qua to'i liu. Do con ngUdi la ye'u td' vd eung quan trong, quyet dinh si/ thanh cdng hay tha't bai cua mot td chu'c.
Chinh VI vay, nha quan !y, dieu hanh deu dat md'i quan tam ve con ngifdi len hang dau trdng chien lu'dc xay du'ng va phat trien.
Nhilng thanh tich ma Benh vien Quan doan 4 (B6nh vien) da dat difdc chinh la thanh qua cua sulanh dao xuyen sud't va sau sac eua Ban giam dd'c Benh vien; dong thdi la s\i cong hie'n nhiet tam, nhi$t tinh cua loan bo tap tb6' can bd, nhan
vien. Tuy nhien, tuf trUdc de'n nay ehifa cd mdt nghien ciJu eu the nao tim hieu, danh gia, long ke't va du'a ra nhu'ng nhan to' anh hu'dng de'n mife do gan ke't cua can bd, nhan vien dd'i vdi Bfinb vien. Vl vay, tae gia chon de tai "Nghien ciJu cac nhan to' anh hu'dng de'n miJc dp gin ke't cua can bd, nhan vien tai Benh vien Quan doan 4" de giup Ban Giam dd'c Benh vien cd cd sd danh gia thifc tiin, tiif dd difa ra cae giai phap cu the.
2. Cd sd ly thuyet va mo hinh nghien ciJu 2.1. Khdi niem sUgan ket vd sif gdn ke't vdi to chtic
- Sif cam ke't (commitment) hay gan ket: Cam ket la trung thanh vdi mot ddn vi xa hdi. Cae ddn vi xa hdi co the la mdt to chdc, cae he thd'ng phu cua mdt to ehifc, hay mot nghe nghiep. Hau bet eac nghien ei?u ve cam ket tap trung vao eae td chu'c ehd khdng phai la he thd'ng eon hoac nghe nghiep. (Theo Handbook of organizationnal
S d 4 - T h a n g 3/2020 83
measurement) James L, Price, (1997), Interna- tional Journal of Manpower, Vol.18, Iss: 4/5/6, pp. 305 - 558.
"Gan ke't vdi td chlfe (organizational commitment) difde xae dinh la siJe manh cua sif ddng nha't cua eae ca nhan vdi to chile va sif tham gia tieh cifc trong to chiJc". Trong dd: sif ddng nha't la "cd niem tin manh me va cha'p nhan muc ti6u cung cac gia tri cua td chdc".
Trung thanh: "Y dinh hoac mong tfdc manh me se d lai ciing to chu'c" (theo Porter, Mowday, Steers(1979),p.226).
- Theo O Reilly (1986): Sif gan ket vdi td chu'c bao gdm y thiJe v^ cam ke't vdi cdng viec, long trung thanh va niem tin vao eae gia tri eua td' chiJc.
- Trong khi dd theo Allen va Meyer (1990), sU gin ke't vdi td' ehde cua nhan vien difdc danh gia dua tren niem tin cua hp vao to' chiJe, aiX cha'p nhan cae mue tieu va gia tri eua td chu'c, sSn sang liim viec he't minh vi td' chu'c va mong mud'n trd thanh thanh vien cua to' chiJc.
- Gan ke't vdi to ehl^e, la mpt thai dd, da dupe dinh nghTa la siJc manh tifdng do'i cua tinh each mpt ea nhan khi tham gia vao mpt to' chiJc eu the (Mowday et al, 1979. Allan va Meyer, 1990).
Dinh nghTa nay, phan anh gan ke't cam tinh eua mdt ea nhan, dai dien cho each tie'p can chinh de nghien cdu ve gan ket vdi td chde (Meyer et al., 2002), va van hda to chiJc khuye'n khich tinh gin ke't trong to chu'c, sif kien dinh trong u'ng xu' cua cac thanh vien De' dat difdc gSn kt't vdi td chdc, ngUdi siJ dung lao ddng can giup nhan vien phat huy nang life eua minh khi tham gia trong td chu'c, cang cd nhieu nhan vidn difde phat huy nang lu'e trong mpi bd phan cua td chu'c, hp se cang trung thanh vdi td ehde.
Thai do gan ke't vdi td chifc difde xem la md'i quan he giiJa ngifdi lao ddng va td chu'c, va mi?e dp ma ngifdi lao ddng va td chu'c chia se cae mue lieu va gia tn gid'ng nhau (Meyer va Allen, 1991).
2.2. Khdi niem dong vien
Theo (Robbins, 1990), ddng vien la: "Sif sSn long the hien mifc dd eao cua nd life de hu'dng tdi ciie muc tieu eua to chu'c, trong dieu kien mpt so' nhu cau ca nhan du'dc thda man theo kha nang nd life cua hp". Ddng vien la tao ra sif hang hai, nhiet tinh, pha'n khdi va trach nhiem hdn ciia
nhdn vien trong qua trinh thifc hien de hoan thanh cdng vide dat hieu qua. Ddng vien nhan vien la mdt trdng cac chiic nang eua nha quan tri. Thdng qua ddng vien se giiip cho ngifdi lao ddng cd dpng cd va nang eao nang lUc lam viee, gdp phan giup hp gan bd vdi td chu'c hdn.
2.3. Vai trd ve sU gdn kit cua ngiidi lao ddng vdi to chtic
Nghien cdu ciia Rajendran Muthuveloo va Raduan Che Rose (2005) da tim tha'y ke't qua va chi ra rang sif gan ket vdi td chu'c anh hudng quan trdng de'n ke't qua eua td chu'c. Sif gan ke't vdi td chiJc cang eao dan de'n siJ trung thanh eua ngifdi lao ddng ddi vdi td chu'c cang cao, do dd se giam ap life cang thdng do cdng viec va hp se it rdi bd to cbife hdn,
Sif gan ke't ciia ngu'di lao ddng vdi td chu'c la sif ddng gdp eua ngifdi lao ddng de tang cam ket eiia ho dd'i vdi thanh cdng ciia td chu'c. Ne'u nhif td chu'c cho ngUdi lao dpng tham gia vao nhiliig quyet dmh anh hudng tdi hp va tang tinh tu" quyet va sif kiem soat cdng viec eiia hp thi hp se du'dc thue day nhilu hdn, co trach nhiem hdn vdi td chl?e, ed nang sua't lad ddng cao hdn va thda man bdn trong cdng viec.
vay su" gan kd't la mdt thai do trung thanh, niem tin cua ngu'di lao dpng vdi td chiic. De' ed the' dat dUde su" gan ke't ciia ngu'di lao ddng vdi td chde thi cae nha quan tri can phai xSy difng, thie't lap md'i quan he tich eifc giifa nhan vien va doanh nghiep, ddng thdi dpng vien khuye'n khich nhan vien, coi trong long trung thanh, tan tuy vdi doanh nghiep. NgUdi lao dpng se cang gan bd lau dai vdi to chu'c hdn nd'u nhuhp du'dc xem trpng va dUdc xem la mdt phan ciia td chlfc.
NhUvay,de'tim ra cac nhan td anh hu'dng de'n miJe dp gan ket ciia can bd, nhan vien, ta can tim hi^eu cae thuye't ve ddng vidn va sif thda man nhu eau eiia can bd, nhan vien.
2.4. Cdc ly thuye't lien quan de'n sit gdn ket Lien quan de'n sif gan ke't gdm cd nhu eau ciia Maslow; Ly thuye't thd bac nhu cau ciia Maslow;
Ly thuyet ERG cua Clayton Alderfer (1969);
Thuyet thanh tUu cua David McClelland (1988);
Thuye't hai nhan tdciia Herzberg (1959); Thuyet cdng bang ciia Adam (1963),
Ttf nhu'ng tai hen neu tren, tae giii d^ xua't mo hinh nghien cdu de tai: "Cac nhan U, Juili hddng
S d 4 - T h d n g 3/2020
QUAN TRj-QUAN LY
Hinh 1: Cac nhan to anh hUdng den mde do gdn ket cua cdn bp, nhan vien tai BSnh vien Quan doan 4
Hl(+) Ban chat cong viec
Lanh dao
Ca hoi dao tao va thang tien
Dieu kien lam viec
Phiic len
Dong nghiep
Thu nhap
\ . H
^ I 2 ( V
-_JH3W
H4(+)
^ M /
^ y^l
Mijc dp gan ket vai to chiic ciia can bo, nhan vien
Ngudn: Tdc gid de xud'l
den mde dd gan k^'t cua can bd, nhan vien tai Benh vien QuSn doan 4 " nhif Hinh 1.
3. PhUoing phap phan tich 3.1. Mdu vd phUdng phdp phdn tich Dd'l tddng khao sat la can bd, nhan vien lam viec tai Benh vien Quan doan 4. Kich thu'de mSu phu thudc vao phddng phap udc Iddng dddc sd dung, sd'tham sd'va phan phd'i chua'n eiia cau tra ldi. Nghien edu nay ed sd dung phan tich nhan td' kham ph£ EFA, nen kieh thddc mlu dda vao kich thudc mau td'i thie'u va sd' Iddng bie'n du'a vao phan tieh. Hair va eac cdng sd (1998) cho rang, de' sd dung EFA, kich thddc mSu td'i thieu la 50, td't hdn la 100 va ti le bie'n quan sat/bie'n do Iddng la 5:1, nghTa la I bie'n do Iddng can td'i thie'u 5 quan sat trd len (Nguydn Dinh Tho, 2011, trang 397-398).
Theo Green (1991) (trich td Nguyen Dinh Thp, 2011, trang 499-500) eho rang, c3 mSu phii hdp
cho phan tich hdi quy bdi tdi thieu 1^ n > 8m + 50, trong do p la sd'bie'n ddc lap. Md bmh de xua't ed 7 nhan td' nen kich tbifde mau td'i thie'u la m >
8 x 7 + 50> 106.
(Vdi: n: cd mau, m: so' bie'n doe lap ciia md hinh).
Md hinh nghien edu dif kie'n cd 7 nhan to', nen kich thddc mlu td'i thie'u dUde ap dung trong phan tich nhan to' EFA td'i thie'u phai la 8 x 7 + 50 = 106 mau.
Tuy nhien, de tang them dp tin cay ciia diJ lieu va cd the loai nhdng bang phong va'n khdng hdp le.
Do dd, sd' mSu td'i thieu dCing cho khao sat la 300 phie'u khao sat dddc phdng van. De tai nghien cdu sd dung phddng phap ehdn mlu thuan tien phdng va'n 300 can bd, nhan vien tai Benh vien Quan doan 4. Phddng phap phan tieh dd lieu chinh trong nghien cdu la phan tieh hdi quy tuye'n tinh bdi, congcu phan tich ddlieu: sddung thd'ng ke md ta va phan mem SPSS 22.0 de' phan tich dd lieu.
Sd4-Thang 3/2020 85
Bang 1. Ket qua phdn tich nhan to EFA cho cac thong do anh hudng den mCfc do gdn ket cua cdn bp, nhdn vien fqi Benh vien Qudn dodn 4
Bien quan sat
TN4 TN1 TN5 TN2 TN3 BCCV4 BCCV6 BCCV3 BCCV2 BCCV1 P U PL2 PL3 DKLV3 DKLV4 DKLV2 DKLV5 LD4 LD5 LD1 DNG1 DNG2
MATRANXOAY Nhan to TN
0,838 0,785 0,765 0,726 0,711
BCCV
0,926 0,832 0,831 0,689 0,662
PL
0,824 0,792 0,787
DKLV
0,792 0,765 0,705 0,664
LD
0,806 0,780 0,774
DNG
0,869 0,792
Nguon- Ket qud xijl if
3.2. Cau triic mau khdo sdt
Co 223 bang khao sat hop le diTOc su* dung cho phan tich di? lieu, ty le nam va nil cd stf chenh lech khd cao, nam chie'm 61,4% (137 nam), nil chie'm 38,6% (86 nil). Phan Idn do'i tUOng khao sat nam trong khoang tudi til 20-50.
Ngirdi tCf 20-30 tuoi chie'm ty le (32,7%), sau do la nhdm ngifdi cd do tuoi 10*31- 40 tuoi chie'in ti le (43,0%), 41-50 tuoi chiem tyle (21,5%), so It cdn lai la nhiJng ngirdi tii 51-60 tuoi chie'm ty le (2,7%). Tham nien lam viec tif 1- 5 nam chie'm ty le (28,3%), sau dd la til 6-10 nam chie'm ty le (26,9%). Nhir vay, cd 55,2% can bg, nhan
viencd tham men du'di 10 nam. Tir 11-15 nam chie'm ty le (21,1%), tir 16-20 nam chie'm ty le (9,0%). Nhu vay, cd 31,1%, can bp, nhan vien cd tham nien tit 11 de'n 20 nam. Va chi cd 14,8%
can bo, nhan vien cd tham nien tren 20 nam.
Trinh do trung cap chie'm 69,1 %>, trinh do cao dang chie'm 9,0%, trinh da dai hoc chie'm 14,8%
va trinh dd sau dai hoc 7,2%. Dieu nay cho tha'y can bo, nhiin vien cd trinh do tha'p kha nhilu.
M8u difa tren ddn vi cdng tac: Khoa kham, chffa benh chie'm 70,4%, phong ban chile nang chiem ty le 24,2% va van phdng chie'm ty le 5 4%.
Mlu diia tren chuyen mdn: Can bd lanh dao chie'm 2,7%, Bac si va Y ta chie'm 35%, Diiu
86 So 4-Thang 3/2020
QUAN TRj-QUAN LY
Hinh 1: Cdc nhan to anh hifdng den mde do gdn ket cuo cdn bp, nhdn vien tai Benh vien Qudn dodn 4
Thu nhap (0,284)
Ban chat cong viec (0,183) Phuc Igi (0,229)
Dieu kien lam viec (0,228)
Lanh dm (0,188)
Dong nghiep (0,25 7)
M v c d o g a n k e t vol to chwc cua can bo, nhan vien
Nguon: Ket qud xd ly
diTdng va Hd ly 37,2%, Nhan vien phiic vu, NhSn vien phdng ban va van phdng 13,9% va Chuyen mdn khac 11,2%.
4. Ke't qua
Ke't qua phan tich EFA cho tha'y, cd 22 bien quan sat trong cac ye'u to' anh htfdng de'n stT gin Ice't cua can bd, nhan vien tai Benh vien Quan doan 4. He sd KMO = 0,848 > 0,5 chdng to phan tich nhan td' de nhdm cac bie'n lai vdi nhau la thich hdp va diJ lieu phu hdp cho viec phan tich nhan to'. Do vay, cac thang do da phan tich la cha'p nhan du'dc. (B^ng 1).
Ke't qua phan tich hdi quy boi su" dung phtTdng phap Enter Coefficientsa cho tha'y, ta't ca 6 nhan to'thudc thang do deu cd tac dpng dUdng de'n miVc do gSn ke't cua can bo, nhan vien tai Benh vien Quan doan 4 vdi mu'c y nghia iii Sig deu nhd hdn 0,05 d tat ca cac bie'n, gia tri he sd' tifdng quan la 0,810 > 0,5. Do vay, day la md hinh thich hdp de
su* diing danh gia mm quan he giffa bie'n phii thudc va cac bid'n ddc lap. Ngoai ra, gia tri he sd' R2 la 0,656, nghTa la md hinh hoi quy tuye'n tinh da xay diJng phti hdp vdi dff lieu 65,6%. Ndi each khac, 65,6% mu'c dd gan ke't ciia can bp, nhan vien tai Benh vien Quan doan 4 difdc giai thich cac bie'n so'cua md hinh hdi quy. Ta tha'y Sig. F
= 0,000 < 0,05 chffng td cac gia thuye't la phu hdp.
TH thdng sd' thd'ng ke trong md hinh hdi quy, phtfdng trinh hoi quy tuye'n tinh da bie'n cua cac nhan td anh hffdng dd'n mffc dp gan ke't cua can bd, nhan vien tai Benh vien Quan doan 4 nhff sau'
Mitc dd gan ke't cua can bo, nh3n vien tai Benh vi^n Qu3n doan 4 = 0,183*BCCV + 0,228*DKLV + 0,257*DNG + 0,188*LD + 0,229*PL + 0,284*TN
Trong mo hinh niiy cho thay R^ la 0,656. He sd dieu chinh la 0,647 cd nghia md hinh hdi quy
S o 4 - T h a n g 3/2020 87
tuyen tinh da xay dung phu hdp vdi tap dff Heu R 2 > 0 , 5 , nhif vay md hinh nghien cffu la phu hdp.
5. Ke't luan
Ket qua cho tha'y, ca 6 nhan to'' BCCV, DKLV, DNG, LD, PL, TN deu cd anh hifdng ty le thuan de'n mffc do gan ke't ctia can bd, nhan vien tai Benh vien Quan doan 4. Trong 6 nhin to'nay thi cd BCCV, DKLV, DNG, LD, PL la nhan td cd sif anh hffdng dang ke de'n mffc dd gan ke't cua canbd, nhan vien tai Benh vien. Nhan td'TN (thu nhap) la quan trong nhS't trong md hinh hdi quy (P
= 0,284), thff tff tie'p theo la DNG (ddng nghiep) (p = 0,257), PL (phiic ldi) (p = 0,229), DKLV (di^u ki6n lam viec) (p = 0,228), LD (lanh dao) (p = 0,188), BCCV (ban cha't cdng viec) (p = 0,183). Nhff vay, gia thuye't H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6 cho md hinh nghien cffu ly thuye't chinh thffc dffdc cha'p nhan.
Tdm lai, thdng qua ke't qua kiem dinh md hinh
ly thuye't chinh thffc ma cu the la ket qua hdi quy tuye'n tinh da bie'n, ta cd md hinh ly thuye't chinh thffc dieu chinh nhff Hinh 2.
Muc dich cua nghien cffu nay la kham pha mdt so yeu to'anh hffdng de'n mffc dp gin ke't cua nhan vien, nen nghien cffu nay ciing cdn nhieu han che':
- Nghien cffu chi tap trung vao 7 ye'u to' anh hffdng de'n de'n mffc dp gan ke't cua nhan vidn:
(1) Ban cha't cdng viec, (2) Thu nhap, (3) Phuc ldi (4) Ddng nghiep, (5) Dieu kien lam vi$c, (6) Lanh dao va (7) Dao tao va cd hdi thang tie'n.
Cdn cac ye'u td' khac lidn quan de'n sff gan ket la van hda doanh nghiep, tinh than lam vide nhdm, ap life cdng viec..., cung cIn dffdc xem xet den trong cac nghien cffu tie'p theo.
- Nghien cffu vdi cd mau cdn han che', dd'i tffdng khao sat chi d Benh vien Quan doan 4 1
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
/. Nguyen Dinh Tho (2011) "Phuongphdp nghien ciiu khoa hoc trong kinh doanh", Nhd Xud'l bdn Lao dpng Xa hdi.
2. Hodng Trong vd Chu Nguyen Mong Ngpc (2005) "Phdn lich da lieu nghien cdu SPSS", Nhd Xuat bdn Thd'ng ki.
3. Allan, N J., & Meyer, J. P (1990) "The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commiimenl to the organization". Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63,1-18.
4 Allen, N.J., & Meyer, J.P. (1990) Organizational socialization A longitudinal analysis of links lo newcomers commitment and role orientation. Academy of Management Journal, 33, 847-858.
5. Robbins, S. P. (J990). "The influence of Organizational culture on employee engagement with Organization", pp.
38-439).
6. Hair. J. F.. Anderson, R.E., Taiham, R. L. & Black. W C (1998). "Multivariate data analysis". Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prenlice-Hall,145
7 Meyer, J P.. Stanley, O. j . , Herscovilch, L. & Topoiayisky, L. (2002) "Affective, continuance, and normative conmiilmenl to the organization. A meta- nalysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequence"s Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 20-52.
8. Mowday, R.T, Steers. R.M. and Porter, LW. (1979). "The measuremcnl of organizational commitment"
Vocational Behavior 14:224-247
9. OReilly, C, & Channan. J. (1986). "Organizational commiimenl and psychological attachment. The effects of compliance, idenlification, inlema-lizalion of prosocial behaviors", Journal of Applied Psychology.
10. Rajendran Muthuveloo & Reduan Che Rose. (2005) "Antecedents and Outcomes of Organizational ommilmenl among Malaysian Engineers". American Journal of Applied Sciences. Science Publications.
So 4 - T h a n g 3/2020
QUAN TR!-QUAN LY
Ngay nhSn bai: 3/2/2020
Ngay phan bi§n danh gia va su'a chufa: 13/2/2020 Ngay cha'p nhSn dang bai: 23/2/2020
Thdng tin tdc gid:
ThS. CAO THI THANH TRUC Trifcfng Dai hpc Van Hi^'n
A STUDY ON FACTORS AFFECTING THE COHESION LEVEL OF STAFF WORKING AT THE 4TH ARMY
CORPS MILITARY HOSPITAL
• Master. CAO THI THANH TRUC Von Hien University
ABSTRACT:
This study proposes a model examining factors which affect the cohesion level of staff working at the 4th Army Corps Military Hospital. These factors include 1) Nature of work; 2) Leadership; 3) Training and promotion opportunities; 4) Working conditions; 5) Welfare; 6) Colleagues and 7) Income. The Cronbach's alpha, exploratory factor analysis, linear regression and ANOVA analyses were used with 223 samples to conduct this study. The study's results show that the cohesion level of staff working at the 4th Army Corps Military Hospital comprise six components, namely (I) Income (P = 0,284), (2) Colleagues ([3 = 0,257), (3) Welfare (p = 0,229), (4) Working conditions (p = 0,228), (5) Leadership (p = 0,188), and (6) Nature of work (p = 0,183).
Keyword: Income, colleague, welfare, working conditions, leadership, nature of work, cohesion.
So 4 - T h a n g 3/2020 89
