HE THONG CHUAN THOI GIAN TAN SO Qj^^f^^i^n VA LIEN KET CHUAN VOI QUOC TE TRONG QUA H
HOI NHAP VE DO LUONG
Nguy On Bdng
Phong do lu-d-ng Thai gian vd Tcin sd, V,cn do Iirdng Viet nam
^^''" ^"^•* • u' cr i,-Mna 7 flai lu(rni' vat ly nay thi di Thai gi.-.n :a mpt trong 7 dan vj ca ban cua he SK " " S j j ^ ^ ^^ ^.„ , ^ / j J „ ^^^
luang thai gian cd mot .am quan trpng dac ":?'• b"' ? ' 7 " , ^ n v, do cua nd. ' nhu: Do dai, dong dien... vii hon nfra Irong vice iiho the l^ien. au) ^
Tren ,h6 gio^ m6i qu6c gia da. xay dung he thong e uan I ho, g,an ^., Tan so cngb nhJm dap Ong nhu ciu phat tnan kinh te va quoc phong. 0 nuoc la. hnh urc That g.an vitT.
- A- A rf- ^ T.n - ' .. fr,m ri'^.i tir thi'ch dang de phuc vu cho cong nghiep hoi so da duoc Dano va Nha nuoc quan tam ciau tu miLiiuuM^ u i . • _ , . . , 7 . . 1 - AU' ^ 1 - I .- ~ u,, ^AnoriiAr h-in vc Id oudc \ let nam xa hgi chu nghia.
hien dai hoa nen kinh te cung nhu cong cugc Dao VL 1 w^uuv. ^ x . . ,i T i -TL
• Trong pham vi bai vidt nay tac gia mudn gidi thieu vd. dgc g.a ve h? thong chuan Th_.
gian va T§n sd qudc gia tai Vien do ludng Viet nam cung nhu viec hen ket he thong chuae nay vdi qudc td trong xu thd hdi nhap ve do ludng.
Time is one of the seven ba.sic units of SI, and it has a special importance: because t related to other units such as :Length, ampere,...and more difficult to represent, maintain ill unit.
In the world each coimtiy always builds a .separate tune and frequency .standard .system to meet the needs of economic development and defense. In our cintntry. Party ani Government was more interested in appropriate for Time and Frequency fields to serve tht industrialization and modernization of the economy as well as the defense of the Vietnm'i socialist mean.
In this article, the author would like to introduce to the reader about Time and Frequencf standard system at the Vietnam Metrology Institute as well as traceability of the system wiA international standards in the integration trend of measurement.
I. MO DAU
Bai bao dugc chia thanh 3 phan. Phan dau se trinh bay vc tam guan trgng cua viec duy tri va lidn ket chuan qudc gia vd Thdi gian va Tan sd vdi chuan qudc te. Phan hai mo ta kbai quai ve nguyen ly boat ddng cua he thdng chuan qudc gia vd Thai gian va TSn s6 tai Vien do ludng Vi?t nam. Phan ba ^idi thieu ve vice dong gop du: lieu xay dyng thang thdi gian nguyen tir qudc te (TAI) va cac ket qua so sanh vong qudc te.
II. TAM QUAN TRONG CUA VIEC DUY TRI, LIEN KET CHUAN QUOC GIA VE
T H 6 I GIAN - TAN SO VOI CHUAN QUOC TE
Viet nam da budc sang giai doan phat tridn mdi sau khi trd thanh thanh vien chmh thue cua WTO.Su kidn nay lam eho ndn kinh td nudc ta phat tindn theo hudmg hgi nhap vdi n^^
kinh td the gidi, nhung cung dat ra nhung thach thirc mai, do la su cam kdt giam rao can qu6c gia trong thuong mai. Trong khudn khd hiep djnh vd rao can ky thuat (TBT), dk thuan lgi hoa trong thuong mai cd nhieu v4n dd dugc dat ra, trong do co boat ddng do ludrng, thii nghiem I2 ITnh vuc dugc nhidu nudc quan tam, bai le trong (^ua trinh trao ddi hang hoa giua cac qudic gi^
; cac nha san xuat thudng phai ddi mat vai ydu cau thir nghiem va chimg nhan san ph4m pH bcj) vdi tieu chuan, trong khi dd cac tidu chudn ky thuat, trinh do do ludng, thir nghiem ciii mdi nuoc khac nhau va do do tao ndn rao can ky thuat dang kd trong thuong mai .Thuong in6 san pham xuat kh^u phai thir nghiem, chirng nhan lap di lap lai nhidu l4n tir nudc xuat\h5i
den nudc nhap khau theo nhu'ng qui djnh cua mdi nudc va ket qua la chi phf cho san pham do se tang len, lam giam cac Igi fch kinh te cho ca doanh nghiep bdn ban va bdn mua. Rd rang I cac qui djnh ky thuat phu hgp voi trinh do do ludng thir nghiem d mdi nudc ddng mot vai trd quan trgng trong cac boat ddng san xuat, kinh doanh, thuong mai thuan lgi. Ddi hdi mdi qudc gia phai CO mdt ca sd ha tang ve do ludng co hieu luc va dugc chiing minh tfnh lien kdt chuSn vdi chuan do ludng qudc td, dam bao cho mgi qua trinh do, thu nghiem, kidm dinh, hieu chuan phuong tien do sao cho phu hgp va chat lugng.Cac Vien do ludng noi bao quan, duy tri chuan qudc gia dong vai trd cap nhat ciia mdi nudc va do dd chu'ng nhan hidu chuSn do cac Vien nay cdng bd phai dugc chap nhan trong pham vi quoc td la rk c§n thiet. D^ dat muc dfch jjnay, Vien can do qudc te (BIPM- Bureau International des poids et Mesures) da dua ra mdt
•thda thuan mang tfnh toan cau ve do ludng " Cdng nhan ISn nhau tfnh tuang duong chuSn do jludng qudc gia va chiing chi hieu chuan do cdc Vien do ludng qudc gia cdng bd"
i Hdi nghj toan the can do qudc te (CIPM: International Committee for Weights and
;Measures) da chap nhan cac nudc la thanh vien hgp tac ciia Cdng uac Met va ddng thdi la r-thanh vien chi'nh thue cua cdc td chirc do ludng khu vuc tham gia ky kdt MRA. Viet nam
•xbfnh thirc tham gia thda thuan cdng nhan lan nhau toan cau ve do ludng (MRA-Mutual
^Recognition Arrangement) ngay 16/9/2004.
r O day tfnh tuang duang cua he thdng chuan do ludng qudc gia phai the hien d tfnh lien kdt chuan tai he don vj do ludng qudc te SI va kha nang hieu chuan (CMC- Calibration Measurement Capabilities ) da dugc qudc te cdng nhan thdng qua chung chi hieu chuan do ycac Vien do ludng cua cac qudc gia cdn^ bd. Chuan do ludng qudc gii giu mdt vai trd quan jtrgng trong viec dam bao tfnh thdng nhat, tfnh dung dan va chfnh xac ciia cac phep do. He thdng chuan do ludng la nen mong de phdt trien va thue hien cac phep sao, truydn chuan, dam .bao tfnh chfnh xac va dn djnh trong qud tiinh khai thdc phuong tien do cua cac thanh phan
^kinh te qudc dan va ban nira la dam bao an toan , hieu qua, tfnh cdng bang trong san xuat kinh ,doanh, sir dung tiet kiem nang lugng, vat tu, tang cudng hieu qua quan ly, tao dieu kien thuan jigi trong giao luu qudc td. Nhu vay, thue hien vide lien ket chuan do luong vai qudc td tz.
dem lai cdc Igi fch ca ban sau:
Mgt la, dam bao tfnh chfnh xac, diing dan ciia dai lugng do.
Hai la, dem lai Igi fch kinh te to Idn cho tat ca cac nen kinh te tren the giai.
III. NGUYEN LY HOAT DONG CUA HE THONG C H U A N LINH VVC THCH GIAN VA TAN SO THUOC VIEN DO LU'CJNG VIET NAM
, 3.1. H$ THONG THIET BI
\ He thdng chuan Thdi gian va Tan sd qudc gia thudc Vien Do ludng Viet nam gdm: 3 ddng .hd nguyen tii Cesium 5071A do My che tao, trong do co 01 chiec dung loai dng tia chat lugng cao(Option 001) Trong he thdng con cd bd so sdnh pha TSC 120130-110; bg dieu chinh pha thdi gian/tin sd chfnh xac cao AGG-UO; bd khuyech dai phan bd xung 6602B; bd khuyech dai phan bd tSn sd 6502B; cdc bg may thu thdi gian GPS Javad Topcon EU-80, Septentio .PoIaRx3eTR; cac bg mdy tfnh luu giir va xu ly dir lieu so sdnh cdc ddng hd nguyen tu, thdri gian GPS va dugc djnh ca khudn dang theo qui djnh cua Uy ban thdi gian va gia tdc trgng trudng - BIPM (Time and Gravimetry of BIPM).
tJTC(VMO data from Ciiruiar-T
C.s5071A(±5.]0-'') Option 001 (Symmetricom)
C s 5 0 7 1 A ( ± l . J 0 ' - ) (Symmetricom)
Cs5071A(±2.10-'-) (HP 5071 A)
Frequency adjii.sting (UTC-trace as required
IPPS AOG-110
Au.xiiiaiy Output 5MH? I (^)cncial(M
Pul.se Distribution -^ Amp. 6602B
£cs—•uravMDiPi'.s
->V.S'I- (5MII/)
4x.')MII/
RF Di.siribulion -^l Amp. C.502B
IPPS
TSC J20.10-1 JO Time diflcrence between clocks
T K A l g o r i t h m
T
Ani'-T;na
Ensemble atomic lime
'••Ari
UTC(VMI)-TA(VMI)dala TSC-4077
Clocks data send to BIPM ToBD
Hinh 1. SO DO HE T H 6 N G CHUAN L I N H MJC THOI GIAN VA T.A.N S6 Q U 6 C GIA DUOCLfii KET VOI QU6C TE THUQC VI$N DO LUdNG VieX NAM ^
3.2.NGUYEN LY HOAT DONG
Trong 3 chide ddng hd nguyen tir Cesium cua he thdng cd 1 chide sii dune An^tiat'
Khoi tao dao ddng thach anh 32MHz (TSC -^049) Khdi tao dao dona iKHz ddn 20MHz ( TSC-~2048B) Khoi phat hien diem 0 va td hgp ddm sir kien (TSC- 2011) Khoi dieu khien va xir ly (TSC-2077E) '
Input A
Trpn A
Trdn B
Hinh 2. Sot do nguyen ly.
'Ill
Nguyen ly lam vide cua bd TSC -12030 nhu sau:
He thdng do (MMS) la mdt bd da kenh trdn kep kidu he thdng do pha. Mdi mot bd TSC- -.201 IB cd 4 bd trdn nhdm so sanh pha ciia 4 dhu tfn hieu vao ridng biet vdi tfn hieu dugc l^y
tir bd dao ddng ngi ciia TSC 2049 va td hgp dong bd so true tiep cho bd TSC- 2048. Hinh 2 chi ia each dau ndi cho 2 kenh va md ta nguyen ly hoat ddng cua he thdng do pha MMS. Tir
•^su boat ddng ciia 2 kenh se suy rdng ra cho nhieu kdnh vao ciia TSC 2011 va tfn hieu trdn TSC 2048 cung dugc ket ndi vdi TSC20II nhu ddi vdi 2 kenh.
jf Vf du: Pha cua tfn hidu tren dau vao A va B dudi dang:
i4^} = i''^A' ,, (1)
^BV)=^^uf + M) (2) Bieu tbtic (I) khac bieu thirc (2) do dau vao A dugc chgn la thdi gian gdc ciia he thdng.Moi
khi t xuat hien theo bidu thirc thi thdi gian dugc hieu nhu Id ddng hd dugc ndi den kenh A.
,Dau vao A dugc coi nhu la "kenh chii" trong cau hinh cua MMS. Vi vay, Bidu thue pha ddu ra cua tfn hieu ddng bg Os dugc viet la:
^,=27rv,j + <p,(t) (3) . Tfn hieu ddu ra cua bd trdn A va B Idn lugt se Id:
y,,/'^[^MM va V^,sin[o^,,(Oj I Vi vay (1) va (2) c6 the viet lai la:
^ « , =^A -<>5 =2;r(v/^ -ys}-Mt) (4)
^M„ =^B-^S =M^B,-^s} + ^B(f)-^s{t) (5) Cudi cimg tm (4) va (5) ta xac djnh dugc su sai khac pha giira 2 tfn hieu vao tai dau A va B.
^ . - ^ « = * « . +^s - K „ +^s)=^M.. - ^ « « (6) Qua do, chung ta xdc djnh dugc su sai khac vd pha giira hai tfn hidu dugc dua vao dau vao cua 2 kenh bang sir sai khdc ve pha giua 2 kenh sau khi tan sd dugc bien ddi bdi bd trgn.Tin hieu td hgp la tan sd trung tam ciia 2 bd bidn ddi chung nay, va pha ciia no se bj mat di trong bidu thurc tfnh todn.
Trong trudng hgp khdng cd nhieu, sir sai khdc pha giira 2 tfn hidu vao tai dau A va B la:
Thdfi gian gdc t da dugc biet cua dau vao A , dan vj cua pha la don vj chu ky cua dau vao A. Nguai ta da bien ddi dir lieu pha tai dau ra cua MMS sang don vj thdi gian. Didu nay thirc hien bdi nhan tfn hieu dau ra ( nghjch dao) vdi chu ky cua dau vao A. Vf du: 200ns la tan sd danh djnh ciia 5MHz.
Bang sau day mo ta kdt qua dau ra cua TSC-12030 va TSC-4077 thdng 1 nam 2010 dudi dang bdo cao va dugc djnh dang theo qui djnh ciia BIPM.
55199 55204 55209 55214 55219 55224
10028 10028 10028 10028 10028 10028
1352230 1352230 1352230 1352230 1352230 1352230
-010897 -011014, -011129, -011253, -011380.
-011508.
7 .2 .7 .3 .7 .5
1361233 1361233 1361233 1361233 1361233 1361233
-001469 -001489 -001501, -001525, -001538, -001533,
.9 .7 .0 .1 .9 .4
1362314 1362314 1362314 1362314 1362314 1362314
0010253 0010378 0010500 0010612, 0010730, 0010850.
.4 .7 .2 .1 .9 .1
CGng tai ddu ra ciia TSC-12030 qua phdn mdm thuat todn cua thang thdi gian UTC(VMI) Idy dir lieu d% didu chinh bd didu chinh pha thdi gian/tdn sd chfnh xdc cao AOG- 110.
Tfn hieu 5MHz, va tfn hidu IPPS tai dau ra cua ddng hd nguyen tir (Master clock) dugc dua vao ddng bg cho bd didu chinh pha thdi gian/tan so chfnh xdc cao AOG-IIO. Cdc
dk. ra 5MHz va IPPS cua AOG-llO xac dinh thdi gian chudn UTC(VMI) va tdn sd chudn
VSF thudc he thdng chudn Thdi gian va Tan sd quoc gia. . . ^ n F t l R O v J Trong he thdng chudn cd hai bd may thu thdi gian GPS do la Jayad Topcon EU-80 ^
Septentio PolaRx3eTR. Day la hd thdng mdy thu da kenh 2 tan sd co^the thu tm hieu cung luc
cua nhidu ve tmh du lieu duo'c lien tuc gui ve cac may tfnh de luu giu va xu ly. ^ Bang sau day md ta k'st qua dfiu ra ciia cac mau thu thdi gian GPS duoi dang bao cao
va duoc dinh dang theo qui dmh ciia BIPM ciia thang I nam 2010 cua may Javad Topcon EU-
GGTTS GPS DATA FORMAT VERSION 01 REV D.ILTE 1997-11-0-1
RCVR VHIGPS-l SN:VHI0'l090e8 CH - 20
IMS 99999.
LAB VHI Vietnam X -1621731.382 w Y +5730121.899 HI Z +2276253.626 rn FRAHE ITRF2000 COMMENTS • NO COKHENTS INT DLY 41.9 na CAB DLY 256.8 .ng REF DLY 33.9 na REF = UTC(VHI) CKSUH 4C
PRN CL BJD STTIHE TRKL ELV AZTH!
hhitKBs s . Idg . Idg 28 AO 55197 000600 780 331 3282
8. FF .55197 000600 780 654,3033' 17 FF 55197 000600 780 269 2650 11 rr 55197 000600 780 676 543
7 FF 55197 000600 780'659 1832 20 FF 55197 000600
28 Al 55197 002200 32 FF 55197 002200 8 FF 55197.002^00
17 FF.55197 002200,'780 298 2728 11 FF 55197 002200 780 '608. 452 :
•' 7'FF. 55197 002200 .ryBo'^Vs'lBll ^ 20 FF 5.5197 002200i|780 204 1359
80:
780 166 1421 780 377 3339 780 136 1061 780 697 2835
REFSV . I n s '
+241771 -16030 -1170557 •
+373054 -50411 ,
;.;,-642 62.8 ,:
" +241757' 1263979
16022 -1170590,,
+373070 . -r5041i:
,:.-MZ636 SRSV, . Ipa/s
-3 6.':-
;"-t^il.,
•+10' +18 v.
+12
'••• + 3 ; - .
+24
^•-•'+62 '
• ' ' . i ; - i .
r - 2 1 ; .
^' +19 '.•
:, -12 +6
REFGPS .Ina
+63
; +194 +89 +144 +163 • .,+143
+64 +120 ..;,, , . + 2 0 8 +68 • +141 +158 +127
SRGP . I p s / s
-31 +17 +43 -2 +6 - S +29 -16 .. +S
s DSG' ior JiDtR siffit HDio sroi iisio. SHSIJ^SG i
Ins . '. Ins'. I p s / s . I n s . ' i p s / s . irisflps?9^.Ins 24 053 150 -18
6,046 • 90 - 4 16 090 181 - 2 0 10 077 -^ 89 +4 14 041* ' 90 +6
26 069 .284 - 6 5 , U 7 ^-10 83 54 94 53^
54' - 7 - 2 - 6 +2
• 3 21 053 -134 - 1 5 76 43 066 ,313 -55 138
^'^9, 04t : 88^ ; -2 52 +12 : ,18 090 16S' - 1 5 ''. 69
- 1 > 10 0 7 7 / 9 4 +7 .i 56 - 1 8 - ; 11 p 4 l " r 9 8 0 + 9
-2 ': 241)619"' 2 3 4 . - 4 5
- 7 +0
; - l , . -5
:;+*,:
113 . -2
45 +i4-;32 0l 26 . +8 , 9*i
• -T +-ia-^'l^^|
42' -22 "'loj Iff' ':^+s'- i s i 80 +5 49) 96 435.:72 5 30'."+4.}: is's 21. - - S \15,S i { ! +i7'.^i,u ' 9 6 ' ,';+5?;J!g;'
IV.D6NG G 6 P Dir LIEU VA CAC KET QUA SO SANH V6NG QUOC TE
Tu 1999 chung ta da tham gia chuong trinh so sdnh lien phong qudc te bang phuofng phdp common-view do td chiic do ludmg chau A Thdi binh duong (APMP) chu tri. Tu nam 2008, chung ta tham gia gui dii lieu he thdng chudn Thai gian va Tan sd cho Uy ban thdri gian va Gia tdc trgng trudng cua BIPM. Tai day, Uy ban thdi gian va Gia tdc trgng tnidmg cua BIPM se nhdn dii lieu cua 82 phong thf nghiem cua cdc nudc ciing vdri cdc td chiic do ludng tren the giai va du iieu do Phong thf nghiem Thdi gian va Tdn so ciia PTB dong vai tro la phdng chu tri (pilot) se xii ly ra cdc ket qud thanh dang bdo cdo va dugc cong bd tren Website cua BIPM http://bipm.org hodc ftp://62.161.69.131 cdc du lieu cua 82 phong thf nghiem ciing dugc BIPM sii dung de xay dung thang thdi gian nguyen tti quoc te TA (Atomic time scale).
Didu dac biet la cdc kdt qud do BIPM cdng bd dugc mac nhien thua nhdn cua cac qudc gia tham gia vao chuong trinh nay.
Vao ngay 2 hang thdng, phong do ludng Thdi gian va Tdn s6 ciia Vien do luong Viet nam gui hai loai bao cdo tai Uy ban trdn va nhdn lai bdo cdo vao ngay 15. Sau day Id mdtsS vf du cac kdt qud so sanh dugc BIPM cdng bd:
Bao cao yd so sdnh vong - T (Circular - T) cua 82 phong thf nghiem thang 1 nam 2010 (chi trich ddn phan cd Vien do ludng Viet nam):
CI.RCOL.AR T 265 ^j'j't I i.''• {''O'^
20:C =EBRJiRr 16. : i h JTC
BUREAU I'ITER'IATnN.tL DEC P'JIZI l ' NEOU^lEj
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P.AVIL.CN Oi e.^ETEjr. F . 9 2 i : ; : E V F £ : CEDE;-: " E . * : . J : ^5 C7 7C 7C F A - + ; : i 45 34 20 2 : t a i e o i p n . o r g 1 C o c r d i r a t e d L n l v e r s a l T : r e U~: arcl 1t'- l o c a ' ' - e a l ' z a t i j r : L T C I t ) . CDT.pjtecl v a l u e ; o f [UTC-'.iroi.)]
h'^z u r c e r t i ' . r i t i e i v a l i c ft' t h e p e r i o d o f t i n s C i r c u l a r Fron 20QS Ja-i.iarv 1 , Cn LTC. TAJ-UTC = i- s D i t e 2C09.a0 CT
H J j L a b o r a t o r y *;
S n i l v E e i j i n g ) tl-'. (Serpong-Ta KRIS (Daejeor.) MC7 (Tokyo) hl.M ; E e - i j i n g \ M,V3 ( B u c h a r e s t )
LTC
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VMI
Vdi viec tham gia so sdnh vong qudc te, mac nhien chuanThdd gian va Tdn sd qudc gia ddt tai Vien do ludfng Viet nam da dugc thija nhdn chudn qudc td tuang duang theo qui dinh cua CIPM. Qua do chung ta cung nhan thdy trinh do va nang lire ciia chudn cGng nhu con ngudi ciia ITnh vuc Thdi gian va Tdn sd dugc nang cao, dii sue ddp ung dugc vdi sir phdt trien chung trong viec thiet lap, duy tri, bdo qudn va khai thdc chudn qudc gia, ddm bdo tdt viec sao truydn ehudn xudng cac chudn, phuang tien do phuc vu cho su phdt tridn kinh td ciia ddt nudc; ddng thdi tao CO hdi giup cho dgi ngQ cdn bd khoa hge lam cong tdc do ludmg ciia ITnh virc Thdi gian va Tdn sd dugc tidp xuc vai khoa hge do ludng tien tidn ciia cac nudc phdt tridn, dugc bdi dudng va dao tao nang cao vd trinh do chuyen mdn, nghiep vu.
Tdi lien tham khdo:
[1] Cdc hdo cdo cua BIPM the Time, hrecpiency and Gravimetry Section tren Website:
http://\ ru'M'. /)//)/;/. org/jsp/en/TiineFtp.jsp
[2] Peer review information document 2008, Laboratory of Time and FrecjiiencY - Vietnam Metrology In.stitiite (VMI)..
13j CMC of Time and Frecjiienev Lahoratoiy VN-2008, Laborcitorv of Time and Frequency- VMI.
[4] Startus report of Time and Frequency activities at Vietnam Metrology Institute 2008,2009. (VMI)
[5} Tham gia thda tliucni mang tinh todn cdu rt' do lircrng (MRA), Trdn Quang Uy - Tuyen tap bdo cdo khoa hge Hgi nghi khoa hoc ky thiicit do lir&ng tocm qudc Idn thir IV ndm 2005.
[6] BIPM Annual Report on Time Activities Volume 2-2007, Volume 3-2008. BIPM