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XAY DUNG NEN KINH TE DOC LAP, Tii CHU TRONG Q U A T R I N H H O I NHAP QUOC TECUA VIET NAM
• ThS PHAN THI H O N G NHUNG Trif&ng Dai hoc Tdn Trdo
• Torn tdt: Xdy dting nen kinh tedgc lap, td chu trong qud trinh hgi nhdp quoc tela mgt trong nhiing nhiem vti quan trgng nhdt, mdu chot nhdt cita stf nghiep hgi nhdp quoc tendi rieng vd ddi mdi mgi mat cua ddt niidc ndi chung. Bdo dam xdy dting nen kinh tedgc lap, tii chu trong qud trinh hgi nhdp quoc te trd thdnh nhdn to quan trgng hdng ddu de ddm hao gidi quyet dung ddn nhdt cdc moi quan he giUa dgc lap, td chu vd hgi nhdp tren cdc linh vtic khde nhti chinh tri, vdn hda, an ninh - quoc phdng. Bdi viet he thong hda nhiing quan diem chd dao cua Ddng ta vexdy dting nen kinh tedgc lap, td chu, phdn tich thdc trang vd dexudt cdc gidi phdp xdy dling nen kinh tedgc lap, tii chti trong qud trinh hgi nhdp quoc tehien nay.
• Tdkhoa: xdy ddng nen kinh tedgc lap, tti chu; kinh te, dgc lap, tii chu, hgi nhdp quoc te.
1. Quan ni§m cua Dang Cong san Met Nam ve xay dumg nen kinh t^ doc lap, ty chu
Quan diem cila Dang Cdng san Viet Nam ve xdy dung nen kinh te ddc lap, tu chu trong qua trinh hgi nhap quoc td ndi chung vd hpi nhdp kinh te qudc te ndi rieng dupc the hien qua cdc van kien ciia moi ky dai hdi Dang. Qua radi ky dai hdi, quan diem do ngay edng dugc bd sung hodn thien va Idra sau sde ban.
Dai hgi Dang Idn thii VI (12-1986) vdi chu truong thuc hien dudng loi ddi mdi da md dudng cho qua trinh hdi nhdp kinh te qudc te ciia Viet Nam. Nhting quan diera quan trgng cua Dai hpi VI la budc rad dudng de nhirng tu duy radi ve kinh te dupc hinh thanh va hodn thien dan, trong dd cd ndi dung ve kinh te ddc lap, tu chu. "Do chinh Id nhiing ludn diem: (1) de cd nen kinh te thuc su
vung manh va khdng ngimg phat trien phai xay dung dupc chuong trinh hanh ddng cu the, dae biet Id phdi bdo dam cho luong thuc, diuc phdm vd hang tieu dimg cho xd hpi; (2) nen kinh te Viet Nam la nen kinh td ddc lap tu chu nhung thong thodng dtrong nudc va mdra ben ngoai..."'".
Dai hdi Dang ldn thii VII (6-1991) ddnh dau budc phdt trien radi ve nhdn thiic ciia Dang ve xdy dung nen kinh tg ddc lap, tu chu. Chung ta chii truong tang cudng siic manh kinh te tren ca sd ndi luc; ddng thdi rad rdng quan he hop tdc, phd the bl bao vay, cdm van, tham gia tich cue vdo phan cdng lao dpng quoc te. Dai hdi VII de ra muc tieu tdng qudt cua ke hoach 5 nam Id:
"Vugt qua khd khan, thu thach, dn dinh chinh tri, day lili tieu cue va bat cdng xd hgi, dua dat nudc rakhdi khiing hoang kinh te - xa hpi"'^'.
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N G H l i N ClJU - PHATTRIEN LY L U A N Dai hdi Dang ldn thu VIII (6-1996), khai niem"hdi nhap" duoc chinh thirc de cdp ciing vdi chu truong: "Giii vtrng dgc lap, tu chu di ddi vol md rgng hpp tdc qudc te, da phuong hoa, da dang bda quan he ddi ngoai. Dua vao ngudn lire trong nudc la chinh di ddi voi tranh thu tdi da ngudn Iuc ben ngodi. Xdy dimg n i n kinh te md, hdi nhdp vdi khu vuc vd the gidi, hudng manh ve xuat khau, ddng thoi thay thg nhdp khau bdng nhung san pham ttong nudc cd hieu qua... "'^'. Dai hdi nay Dang ta dd nhan thtic dupc nguy ca radt dpc lap, tu chti tren liiih virc kinh te noi rieng vd cac Unh vuc khac ndi chung, trong bdi cdnh hdi nhdp Id rdt ldn. Vi vdy, Dai hgi da cd budc phdt trien trong quan digra ciia Ddng ve xdy dung nen kinh tg ddc lap, tu chu dd la: bdo ve vimg chdc dgc lap, chu quyen va todn ven lanh thd cua ddt nudc, md rpng quan he qudc te phai tren cosd giif viing dpc lap, tu chu, binh dang vd cimg co Igi, giii ^ , phdt huy ban sac vd nhiing tmyen thdng tdt dep cua ddn tgc va giii viing ddc lap, chu quyen va bao ve loi ich qudc gia dan tpc trong quan he kinh te voi ben ngodi.
Dai hdi Dang Ian diii DC (4-2001) nhdn manh:
"xdy dung ngn kinh te dpc lap, tu chit di ddi vdi chu ddng hdi nhdp kinh te qudc tg, ket hgp ngi luc vdi ngoai Iuc thanh ngudn lire tdng hgp cua ddt nudc"'^'. Ngi dung cu the ciia viec xdy dung nen kinh te dpc lap, tii chu lan ddu tien dupc Dang neu ra: "ttudc hgt la dpc lap, hi chii ve dtrdng Idi phdt trign theo dinh hudngxa hdi chti nghia...; bao dam nen kinh te dii siic dting viing vd ting phd dupc vdi cac tinh hudng phiic tap, tao dieu kien thuc hien cd hieu qua cdc cam ket hot nhdp qudc te"'^'. Ldn ddu tien Dang ta dd lam rd thuat ngii nen kinh tg doe lap tu chii ttong bdi canh todn cdu hda, khu vuc hda; qudn triet yeu eau rad rgng quan he vdi cdc nudc nhung khdng de nen kinh te \^iet Nam bi le thupc va bi su chi phdi ciia ben ngoai. Vdi tu tudng dd. Dang ta da ndng ly ludn ve xay dung nen
kinh te ddc lap, tu ehu Ien mdt tam cao moi, soi sdng cho viec hoach dinh vd trien khai chinh sdch ldnh tg trong thdi ky mdi.
Dai hdi X (4-2006) tten co sd dudng ldi phat trien kinh te dat nudc da dupc xac dinh tai Dai hpi K: "ddy manh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hda, xdy dimg nen kinh te ddc lap, hi chii, dua ddt nudc ta ttd thanh mdt nudc cdng nghiep... phdt huy cao dp npi lire, ddng thdi ttanh thu ngudn Iuc ben ngoai vd hdi nhdp kinh te qudc te de pbdt tngn nhanh"'**'. Dai hgiXnhdn manh yeu cau "dua cdc quan he qudc te da dupc thiet lap vdo chigu sdu, dn dinh ben viing"'^'. Day la sir bd sung sira ddi thg hien nhan thiic sdu sde ciia Dang ddi vdi van de xdy dung nen kinh tg ddc lap, tir chii trong qua trinh hgi nhap qude lg, eoi dd Id xu the tat ygu eiia thdi dai, de phdt trign, dg cd thg bao ve vimg chdc ddc lap chu quyen thi cdng phai tich cue va chu ddng hpi nhdp qudc te, ndi Iuc duoc tang cudng mdi ddm bao dupc ddc lap, tu chii ve kinh tg va thuc hien hdi nhdp qud'c te thanh cdng.
Tai Dai hpi XI (1-2011) nhan thiic ve xay dung nen kinh te ddc lap, tij chu trong qud tiinh hgi nhdp qudc te eua Dang da nang len tdra cao mdi.
Chign lupc 2011-2020 neu ro: "phdt huy ndi lire va siie manh dan tdc Id ygu td quyet dinh, ddng thdi ttanh tiiii ngoai lire vd sue manh dan tpc Id ygu td quyet dinh, ddng thdi tranh thu ngoai luc vd sire manh tiidi dai Id ygu td quan trong de phdt tiien nhanh va ben virng va xdy dung nen kinh te ddc lap, tu chu"'«'. Trong khi xdy dung nen kinh te dpc lap, ttj chii vd hgi nhdp qudc te khdng duoc phign dien, circ doan, duy y chi. Viec xay phdi dugc thuc hien mera deo, linh hoat theo nguyen tdc: dgc lap, tu chii la nen tang, hdi nhdp qudc te vira bd sung, vira lam cho noi dune ddc lap, tu chu phat ttien len mdt trinh do mdi.
Nhdn tiiiic ve xdy dung nen kinh te dgc lap, tu ehii ttong qud trinh hpi nhdp qude tg, so vdi Dai
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hOiXI, Dai hdi XII (1-2016) dd bd sung, lam rd ban ngi ham ndi dung. Van kien Dai hgi XII chi rd:
"Tigp tiic ddi mdi md Mnh tang trudng, co cau lai nen kinh tg; day manh edng nghiep hda, hien dai hda gdn vdi phat trien kinh te tri tbiic; hoan thien thg chg, phat trien kinh tg thi tnrong dinh hirdng xa hdi chii nghia" '^'. Nhu vdy, ttong thdi gian tdi, qud trinh tai co cdu, gan vdi doi mdi md hinh tang trudng d Viet Nam can tien hdnh theo hudng ket hgp ed hieu qud phdt trign chieu rpng vdi chieu sdu, ndng cao chat lugng tang tru&ng va sue canh ttanh tten ca sd ting diing tien bd khoa hgc - cdng nghe, ndng cao ndng sudt lao ddng, chdt lugng ngudn nhan luc. Ddng thdi, phat buy Ipi thg so sdnh va chii dgng hgi nhdp qudc te.
2. Thirc trang xay dung nen kinh te doc lap, tir chu trong qua trinh hoi nhap qu6c te cua Viet Nam
Quan ttiet quan diera ciia Dang vd timg btrdc xdy dimg nen kinh te ddc lap, tu chii trong qud tiinh hpi nhap qudc tg, chung ta dd dupc Lien Hpp qudc dua ra khdi nhdm nudc kem phdt trien, da ttd thanh nudc co thu nhdp trung binh.
Viet Nam Id mdt ttong sd it nudc chuygn ddi thanh cdng ttr co che kg hoach hda tap trung, bao cdp, sang co che thi trudng cd su quan ly ciia nha nudc ma vdn giir dupc su dn dinh cbinb tri - xd hOi, on dinh kinh tg vi md. Theo sd lieu cua Tdng cue thdng ke ve tang trudng GDP qua cac thdi ky'"", thi giai doan 1986 -1990 binh quan GDP chi dat 4,4%/ndm thi binh qudn thdi ky 1991 - 2011 dat 7,34%/ndra. Ddc biet, sau khi gia nhdp WTO, Viet Nara dd duy tii tdc dd tang trudng cao, trong nara 2007, tdc dp tdng trudng GDP dat 8,46% (la mtic cao nhat trong vdng 11 ndm trudc do). Tii ndm 2008 ttd di, do anh hudng tir nhung bign dpng ciia nen kinh tg the gidi, tang trudng GDP cd xu budng giam. Cu the, giai doan 2011 - 2013 gidra xudng cdn 5,6%. Tuy nhien, ndm 2014
tdc dp tdng trudng kinh tg cua Viet Nam dd tang cao trd lai, dat 5,98% (cao hon nam 2013 la 5,42%), dua Viet Nam ttd thdnh nudc cd tdc dp tang trudng GDP cao thii 2 tren thg gidi (sau Trung Qudc). Ndra 2015, GDP cua Viet Nam udc tinh tdng 6,68% so vdi nara 2014. Mtic tdng trudng kinh te cua Viet Nam nam 2015 cao ban raiic tieu 6,2% de ra vd cao hon miic tdng cua cdc nam tii20U-2014, cho thdy nen kinh tg phuc hdi rd net. Nam 2016, GDP udc tinh tdng 6,21%. Mtic tang ndythap hon 6,68% ciia nam 2015 vd khong dat muc tieu de ra Id 6,7%. Tuy nhien, ngu xet trong bdi cdnh tinh hinb kinh tg tiig gidi ndm 2016 khdng thudn, gid cd va thuong mai toan cau giam, ttong nirdc gap nhigu kho khan do tiidi tigt, mdi trudng bien didn bien phiic tap, ddy cung Id nam chuyen giao thg he Idnh dao... thi viec dat dupc raiic tdng trudng nhu tren la ciing la rapt thanh cdng. Nam 2017, la nam ddt phd cua nen kinh te Viet Nam, tang trudng GDP udc tinh dat dat 6,81%, eao nhat ttong 10 ndm ttd lai day va vugt chi tieu 6,7% Qudc hdi de ra hdi dau ndm.
Tir chd higm luong thirc, den nay Viet Nam da ttd thdnh mdt ttong nhung nudc xudt khdu ndng sdn hang ddu the gidi. Tir chd khan higm hdng hda, hien nay tren till trudng mpi thti hdng hda dupc mua ban, dap img nhu cdu cila nbdn ddn vd doanh nghiep. Tdc do tangxuat khdu gdn nhu lien tiic dat 2 chir sd. Quy md xuat khau binh qudn dau ngudi tang manh Viet Nam da co tten 20 mat hang xudt khau cd kim ngach tten 1 ty USD va diing thir hang cao ttgn the gidi nhu gao, cd phe, hat tieu, hat dieu, tiiiiy sdn, det may, gidy dep, go..."",
Mdt ttong nhiing tbang Igi ldn ciia nen kinh te, dd la sirbd tri lai cocau sdn xudt, dieu chinh lon co cdu dau tij ttong san xudt nong nghiep; ddng tiidi phdt huy tinh tiJ'chu ciia cdc hp ndng dan, nhd vdy md giai phdng dupc siic san xuat, tdng nhanh san luong hanghda, nhdt la luong tiiuc - thuc pham dg
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xda doi, giam ngheo va day raanh xudt khau. Bd mat ndng thdn Viet Nam dd dugc thay ddi rd ret nhigu mat, tuy chua deu giua cdc vung.
Viet Nam dd ttanh thti dupc mdi trudng qudc te thudn Ipi dg tap trung phdt trign kinh te - xd hpi. Thi trudng khdng ngimg duoc md rdng, ngudn vdn tai ttp va dau tu vao Viet Nam khdng ngimg gia tdng. Vdi uu the dn dinh chinh tri, lao ddng, vi the dia kinh tg va mdi tnrdng ddu tungay cang dugc cat thien, Viet Nam dang ttd thanh diem den hap dan ciia ngudn von ddu tu true tigp nudc ngodi (FDI) va ngudn vdn gidn tigp nudc ngoai (FII).
Hdi nhdp kinb tg quoc tg giiip Viet Nam md rdng quan he kinh te, thuong mai vdi cac quoc gia, rad rdng tiii trudng, thuc day manh me xudt khau, thu hiit ngudn luc qudc tg, phiic vu ddc Iuc phat trien va chuyen dich co cdu, ndng cao tiem lijc kinh tg tao dieu kien "xay dung ngn kinh tg dgc lap, tu chti ngdy cdng cao trong bdi canh hgi nhdp ngdy cdng sdu rdng""^'.
Hdi nhdp ASEAN bao gdm hai Hnh vuc ldn Id hpp tdc ndi khdi vd hgp tdc vdi cdc ddi tdc bgn ngodi. Vg Ndi khdi, tir ndm 2003, Viet Nam da chinh thiic tham gia AEC, thuc hien cac cam ket tu do hda tten cdc ngdnh; ndng sdn, d td, san phdm cao su, sdn pham go, dien tu, det may, thiiy san, van tai hdng khdng, du lich va y tg. Ket hpp vdi viec hai hda ca che dieu hdnh thuong mai giira cdc thanh vien. Vg ngoai khoi, Viet Nara vdi tu each thdnh vien dd tham gia cdc khudn khd FTA ASEAN+1, ASEAN+3, cdc Hiep dinh ddu tu ASEAN - Hdn Qudc, ASEAN - An Dp. Day Id mot sd budc di Idn dg Viet Nam hpi nhdp sdu rgng ban vdo nen kinh te toan cdu. Hgi nhdp ttong ASEAN va tiidng qua ASEAN dd dem lai cho Viet Nam nhiing loi ich cu thg nhumdrpng thi trudng xuat khau, tiep can dugc thi tixrdng npi khdi vdi thue suat hau bet d miic 0%, vuon tdi cac thi
trudng ldn vd cdc khu vuc rad ASEAN da thidt lap FTA. Ddy ciing Id con dudng tdi uu de nudc ta cd the tiiam gia vao mang phdn cdng lao dgng todn cdu tten co sd sii dung lpi thg canh tranh. Cho phep nudc ta thu hiit ngoai luc vd tao thudn lgi cho su luu chuygn vdn, cdng nghe, nhdn liic di phdt trien nhanh, di tdt, ddn ddu, rut ngdn khoang each lac hau.
Sau 11 nam dam phan, nara 2007, Viet Nam chinh thiic ttd thanh thdnb vien thii 150 cua Td cbtic thuong mai the gidi (WTO). Su kign nay, ddnh ddu budc hdi nhdp sdu ciia nen kinh tg Viet Nam vdo kinh te toan cau, the hien cara ket md cua, hpi nhap va cdi each kinh tg manh me cua Chinh phii Viet Nam. Viec ttd thdnh thanh vien chinh thiic cua WTO cd tdc ddng Idn dgn kinh tg Viet Nam ttong nhiing ndm qua; gitip doanh nghiep md rdng thi trudng va tigp can ygu td ddu vao nhu von, cdng nghe mdi vdi chi phi re hon;
giiip ngirdi tieu dimg hudng lpi tu viec da dang hda ngudn cung; kim ngach xuat khau tdng deu dan; co cdu xuat khau thay ddi tich cue, chuyen dieh dan hi san phara thd sang cdng nghiep chg bign va kg ea san pham cd ham lugng cdng nghe, gid tri gia tdng cao hon.
Vdi khudn khd hpp tac Tieu vimg Me Cdng va cdc tam, tii gidc phat trien tieu vimg, qua ddy Vigt Nam dd thu hiit duoc ngudn vdn ODA dang kg cho phat tiien ha tdng, giup phdt trien he thdng giao thdng, thuy dien, thuy lpi, tiiuc day thuong mai, ddu tu trong khu virc, ddng tiidi tirfen khai cd hieu qua hon cac chuong trinh xda ddi giam ngbeo, phat trign gido due, y te, xd hgi d cac dia phuong... Chi tinh rieng Iinh vuc giao Uidng - van tai, cd thg ke hang loat du an idn, cd vai ttd quan ttpng nhu qudc Id IA, qudc Id 3,5,10; dudng cao tdc TP.HCM - Long Thanh - Ddu Gidy; dudng xuygn A TP.HCM - Mdc Bdi kgt ndi vdi he thdng dudng bp Campuchia va Thai Lan trong khudn
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khd hop tdc Tigu viing Me Cdng (GMS); hay ham dirdng bp qua deo Hdi Vdn, cdu Can Tha, cau Thanh Tri, cau Bdi Chdy, cang Tien Sa, Sdn bay qudc tgNdi Bdi... tao ngudn luc vd mdi trudng de tdng tiem lire cho ngn kinh te dgc lap tu chii "^'.
Ben canh nhung tiianh tuu quan ttpng kg ttgn, viec xdy dung nen kmh tg dpc lap, ttr chu ttong qua trinh hdi nhdp qudc te ciing dang phai ddi mat vdi nhiing van de.
Thu nhat, ttong hdi nhdp kinh te qudc tg, chung ta chua lam tdt viec dam bdo ddc lap, tu chil, cdn phu thudc qud nhieu vao mgt thi tnrdng. Cbdng ban, chiing ta qud phu thudc vdo thi tnrdng Trung Quoc. Theo sd lieu ctia ngdnh hai quan, "nam 2016, tdng gid tri kim ngach giiia Viet Nara vd Trung Quoc cdn miic 72 tf USD.
Cdn theo cdng bo cua Tham tdn Thuong mai Trung Qudc, con sd nay cao bon nhigu: 87,84 ty USD. Theo dd, Viet Nam xudt 32,96 ty USD ttong khi nhdp tii Trung Qudc 54,88 ty USD, nhap sieu Ien den 22 ty USD... ttong nhiing san phdm nhdp khau tie Tnmg Quoc, Viet Nam nhap den gan 17 ty USD nguyen, pbu lieu det may. Trong san pham may mac cua Viet Nam, gid tri nguyen, phu lieu tii Trung Qudc chiem dgn 50%-65%, tuy theo mat hang. Cdn ve xuat khau cdc mat hang ndng, lara, thiiy san tuoi sdng cua Vigt Nam, tbi tnrdng Trung Qudc chigm ty le dp dao vdi dua hdu, chudi, sdn, ca, thit beo...""^'.
Thuhai, tis Tnmg uong den dia phirong, giiia cac bp nganh, ttong gidi doanh nghiep va nhan ddn ndi chung cdn chua dat dugc sir nhat tri cao trong nbdn thiic vd hanh dgng trong xay dung ngn kmh te dgc lap, tu chu va hdi nhdp kinh te qudc te. Mgt sd cd bieu hien chu quan, ndng vdi, don gidn ttong khi rapt sd bao thti, cdra chimg, lo ngai nhigu den lgi ich cue bp. Hdi nhap qudc te vd giuviing dpc lap, tu chti vg mat kinh te Id sir nghiep chung cua todn xd hgi, song viec trien
khai mdi chi dugc thtic hien chu yeu d mgt sdhg, nganh d Trung uong. Viec phoi hop giiia cdc bp nganb cbua that chat che va ddng bg, do do qud trinh trien khai cdn thigu su thdng nhdt, doi khi cdn ndng ne vg coi ttpng lpi ich cue bd eua bg ngdnh nurtii, lam dnh hudng chung den qud trinh hpi nhdp. Vi vdy, the che kinh te thi trudng theo dinb hudng XHCN tuy dd cd nhiing chuyen bien tich cue nhung van cdn nhigu bdt cap, chua ddng bp, ddi khi liing tting.
Thuba, chung ta vdn cdn Iting tting ttong viec xdy dtmg mdt chien lupc tdng thg vg hpi nhap kinh te qudc tg. do dd chua that sir chii dgng hdi nhdp kinh tg qudc tg, dnh hudng khdng nho den viec bao dam dpc lap, tu cbii ttong quan he kinh te thuong mai. Chang han nhu, vdn chua chii dpng ttong xudt khau, khien Viet Nam bi "thua" ngay ea d nhiing mat hdng cd thd raanh nhu gao, cd phg.
3. Mot so giai phap co ban nham xay dung nen kinh te ddc lap, tir chii trong qua trinh hoi nhap quoc te cua Viet Nam
Thiinhat daymanh cdng nghiep hda, bien dai hda, xay dung thanh cong ndn kmh te ddc lap, tu cbu dichu ddng hoi nhap kmh tiquocti
Day raanh tai cau true nen kinh tg, ehuyen sang tang trudng chu yeu theo chieu sdu thdng qua cdc budc dot phd dg thuc day tdng trudng kinh te nhanh vd bgn vung. Trudc radt, cdn tap tnmg thdo gd cdc "niit thdt" ttong phat trign kinh te la CO sd ha tang lac hdu, ngudn nhdn luc chdt lupngthapvdhethdngthgchgkinhte cdnnhieu bat cap. Viec giai quygt nut thdt ve ca sd ha tdng can mdt lupng vdn dau tu ldn. Viec gidi quygt ngudn nhdn lire va yeu kera ve the chd cdn su thay ddi tu duy va cai cdch ddng bg, raanh dan va triet dg; lgi the canh ttanh dang thay ddi theo hitdng uu thg thudc ve cdc yeu td cong nghe va tii thiic, vi vdy can phai thay ddi cdch nghi ve lao ddng gid re la lpi the. Ddng thdi, manh dan tdo bao ttong
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N G H l l N ClJfU - PHATTRIEN LY LUAN viec phdt trien cdc nganh nghg radi ca ttong cdng nghiep va dich vu; ttong chign luge dau tiJ phdt trien cdc ngdnh kinh tg can cd sir lira chon vd uu tien vao cac ngdnh cd lpi the vd tiera nang.Md rgng va tira kigm thi tnrdng mdi, da dang hda thi tirudng, ttdnh phu thugc vdo mpt thi trudng, mdt ddi tdc, tao nen tang eho phdt trien dn dinh, ben vung. Ddc biet, can phdi quan tam cdc chuyen dich ca cdu, nhat la khuynh hudng dich Vll hda cua nen kinh tg toan cdu, vdi dich vu dua tten edng nghe va tri thiie cao, da vd dang tde ddng manh den edc qude gia. Dg tan dung dugc cdc cahdi vd hda giai tiidnh cdng cdc thdch thiic ttong qud trinh phdt ttien kinh te thi trudng va chu dgng tich cue hpi nhap kinh tg qudc tg. Vigt Nam phdi phat trien dich vu viec ldm va dich vu hd ttg phdt ttien edng nghiep va can nhat la phai ttd thdnh mdt radt xich ttong mang san xuat va phdn phdi cua cac cdng ty xuyen qudc gia.
Con dudng cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda phai dugc thuc hien vdi nhiing budc di vung chdc, vira tudn tu, vira nhay vpt, pbdt huy manh rag lgi thg cua dat nudc, gdn vdi cdng nghiep bda, hien dai hda timg budc, tigp can vd ling dung kinh tg tri thtic, hien dai hda vg kinh doanh; phdt trien cdng nghe thdng tin; phdt huy ngudn iuc tri tue va siic manh tinh thdn ciia ngudd Viet Nam thdng qua phat trign giao due - ddo tao; phdt trien rapt sd ngdnh cdng nghiep then chdt, ddc biet, cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda ndng thdn phai ludn dupc coi ttgng.
Thuhai, daymanh quanhekmh teddingoai, dam bao doc lap, tu chu ve kmh ti trong tinh hinh mdi
Cdn chti ddng, tich ctic hdi nhdp qudc tg, ttong dd hdi nhdp kinh tg qudc te la ttpng tdra gdn vdi xdy dimg ngn kinh te ddc lap, tir chti. Ddng thdi, tigp tuc ngiiien ctiu, ddm phan, ky ket, chuan hi cdc dieu kien de thirc hien cdc FTA yeu cdu d mirc
dp cao hon ttong hdi nhdp kinh te todn cau. Can nghien ctiu sdu cdc chinh sdch "md cua" va qud tiinh chti ddng va tich cue bdi nhap kinh tg qudc tg ve thuong mai hang hda, thuong mai dich vu va cdc cam ket mang tinb the chg ttong tiing hiep dinh nhu FTA/ASEAN. ASEAN +, WTO, CTTPP...) dg tao ra nhirng co hdi cho viec thu hut dau tii nudc ngoai vd boat ddng xuat khau, thtic ddy tdng trudng tao thgm viec lam...; gidnh the chu ddng ttong dam phdn song phuong dg gidm thigu nhiing nil ro, stic ep, tao ra cahdi thuan lpi nhdt cho doanh nghiep va nen kinh te Viet Nam khi hgi nhap sau rdng vdo nen kinh td todn cdu.
Rd sodt, bd sung, hodn thien luat phap true tigp lien quan dgn hgi nhdp kmh tg qudc te, phu hpp vdi Hign phdp, tudn thu day dii, dung ddn cac quy ludt cua kinh tg thi trudng vd cac cam kgt hdi nhdp kinh tg qudc te; Ndi ludt hod theo Ip trinh phil hgp vdi nhiing cam ket, quy dinh qudc tg ma Viet Nam Id thdnh vien, trudc hdt la ludt phdp vg thuong mai, ddu tu, sd huu tri tue va chuyen giao edng nghe... bdo dam tranh tiiii dugc thdi co, tiiudn lpi, vupt qua cdc khd khdn, thdch thirc tir viee tham gia va thuc hien cac FTA the he radi nhu EVFTA va IPA dugc Viet Nam ky vdi Lien minh chdu Au ngay 30-6 vtra rdi.
Tdng cudng nghien ciru cdc vdn de vg hdi nhdp kinh te qudc te, lam cosd tham rauu cho Ban chi dao lien nganh vd Chinh phu. Nang cao hieu qua boat ddng cua Ban Chi dao qudc gia ve hdi nhdp qudc te vd cac ban chi dao lien ngdnh ve hdi nhdp kinh te qudc tg, hdi nhdp qudc te ttong linh vuc chinh tii - qudc phdng - an ninh, hgi nhap qudc tg trong linh vue van hda - xd hpi, giao due, khoa hoc - cong nghe va cdc Hnh vuc kbdc nhdra tao sue raanh tdng hgp cua qudc gia trong hgi nhdp kinh te qudc tg. Thi du nhu cdc chinh sdch kinh tg vi md, cdc chinh sdch day manh boat dgng xudt, nhdp khau ttong hgi nhdp...
LYLUANCHINHTR!-S67/2019
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Phdt huy vi the qudc te dg hoan thdnh tdt nhiem vu bdo dam eao nhat loi ich qudc gia khi trign khai cac FTA the be mdi. Phdt huy uy tin vd vi thg qudc te dg tao radi tnrdng thuan lpi cho phdt trien, giii vitng ddc lap, chu quyen ttong qud tiinh hgi nhap. Nang cao hieu qua phdi hpp gitra ngoai giao nha nudc, ddi ngoai Dang va ddi ngoai nhdn dan ttong qua trinh hdi nhdp de phdt huy tdt vai trd va thg manh cua kenh ddi ngoai...
Thii ba, tang cudng kbi nang ddc lap, tu chu cuanenkinhti, tao vi thi ebo Viit Nam hoi nhip qudc tisiu rdng
Ndng cao stic canh ttanh ciia nen kinh te nhdm md rdng va ndng cao hieu qua hdi nhdp qudc tg cua ddt nudc. Thuc hien vdn dg nay, trudc het phdi ludn duy tri nen kinh te d miie dp tdng trudng cao vd ben vung; ddng thdi, phai phat huy tdi da lpi thg so sanh ndng cao siic canh ttanh ciia ngn kinh te. Theo dd, can tan diing triet de vi tri dia kinh tg cua Viet Nara de rad rpng su anh hirdng cua nen kinh te nudc ta ttong khu vuc vd tten thg gidd; phdt huy lpi the tai nguyen thien nhign de phat trign ngdnh kinh tg ma cdc nen kinh tgkhdc khdng cd. Tan dung lpi thg vg ngudn nhdn Iuc ddi dao, gid re de phdt tiien kinh tg, thu hut ddu tu vd tdng cudng xudt khdu Iao ddng, tao vigc Iam, tdng thu nhdp, thara gia ngdy cdng sdu rpng vdo phan cdng Iao dpng, hpp tdc quoc tg.
Ddng tiidi, chii trpng phdt trien cac san pham tmyen thong dd vd dang cd tru thg tten thi tnrdng qudc te, n h u hdng ray nghe, hang dgt raay, gidy da, thiiy san... Trong quan he vdi cdc doanh nghiep nudc ngoai, phai thiic su "bigt minh, bigt ngudi", trdnh ddi ddu tinic tiep vdi cdc doi thti manh; dg cao dam phdn, thuong lupng, bigt chia se cimg ddi tac, tang cudng sir hgp tdc de giam dp luc canh ttanh. Tnrdc sir chi phdi thi tnrdng thg gidi cua cac cdng ty xuyen qudc gia cd thg lire, Viet Nam phai bigt thdra nhdp vdo thi trudng
"ngdch", hudng tdi nhiing ddi thii cdn bd ngd;
phdi ludn ddi mdi sdn pham (cd khi nd dang hung thinh), nang cao chat lupng san phdm, giam chi phi san xuat; ddi mod kboa hgc cdng ngbe, su dung hieu qua ngudn luc, de tao uu thg canh ttanh ciia hang hda •
(1) Nguygn Tat Giap: Mdi quan he giua doc iap, tir cbu va hoi nhap qudc te a Viet Nam bien nay - Nhimg van di lyluan va tbuc tiin, Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia. Ha Npi, 2011, tr.72.
(2) DCSVN: Van kien Dal bdi dai bieu toan qudclan diuVII, Nxb Suthdt, Ha Ngi, 1991, tt.60.
(3) DCSVN: Van kien Dal boi dai bieu toan qudclan thuVIII, Nxb Suthat, Ha Noi, 1996, tt.67-68.
(4), (5), (6) DCSVN: Van kien Dai hdi dai bieu toan qudclan didIX, Nxb Chinh tti qudc gia. Ha Npi, 2001, tt.92,166, 89.
(7) DCSVN, Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc lan thuX, Nxb Chinh tii qudc gia, Ha Npi, 2006, tt.l02.
(8) DCSVN: Van kien Dai boi dai bieu toan qudc lan thuXI, Nxb Chinh tii qudc gia. Ha Npi, 2011, tt.l02.
(9) DCSVN: Vankien Daihoidaibieu toan qudclan didXII, Nxb Chinh tri qudc gia, Ha Npi, 2016, tt.95.
(10) Xem Tdng cue thdng ke, Tinh hinb kinh te- xa hdi, www. gso.gov.vn.
(11) Xem Eg Cdng thuong: Bao cao tan dung cahdi thuc day xuat khau sang thi trudngcacnudc CPTPP, Ha Ngi, 2019.
(12) Nguygn Viet Thao: "Dam bao mdi quan h$giQa doc lap tuchuva hoi nhap qudc te", Tap chi Qudc phdng toan dan, Sd 5,2010.
(13) Xem Vien kinh te va chinh tri the gidi, Vien Khoa hpcxahgi Viet Nam (2010), Quanhegiiia doclap, tu chu va hdi nhap kinh tiqudc te trong bdi canh mdi cua VietNam, De tai cap Bg nam 2010, Ha Npi.
(14) Le Ddng Doanh, Tranh phu thuoc mot thi trudng, Bao Ngudi Lao dong, 3-2017.
LYLUANCHINHTR!-So7/2019
