THONG TIN-TULI$U
NHIN LAI c u e DIEN THE G M NAM 2015
• L£TH£MAU
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am 2015 li mdt nam die bi|t bdi dl lai diu an nMlu sy ki|n chinh tri-quin sU cd tic dgng thay ddi thi gidi.Ky hgp lich sfl cua Dai hgi ddng Liln hyp quoc (LHQ) bf ni$m 70 nam thinh I^p dl nhin thfle vl thi gidi dUdng d^
Nam 2015 - vfla trdn 70 nam thinh lip LHQ dugc dinh dau bing kf hgp Heh sfl cfla td chflc niy vdi hai ndi dung rit quan trgng li thdng qua Chfldng trinh ngM sU phat triln ben vflng cfla the gidi din nam 2030 va thio luin nhflng cd hdi, thach thfle dat ra trUde LHQ tiong thi gidi dUdng dai. Tai k^ hgp, 193 qudc gia thinh viln di thdi^ qua 17 myc tilu vl phdt triln bin vflng din nam 2030, tiiay thi 8 muc tilu phit tiiln tMIn men ky thdng qua nam 2000.
17 myc tilu nhim dat 3 thinh Mu quan tigng:
c h ^ dflt ddi nghIo, diu tranh vdi tMh trang bit bMh ding vk giii quylt biln ddi khi hiu.
Trii qua 70 nam, bin c^nh nhflng thinh tUu d^t dugc LHQ vin diUa the hoin thinh xuat sic nhflng muc tilu de ra. Xung dot van chUa chim dflt hoin toin, tinh trang nghIo ddi, bit binh dii^ van nhen nhdm nhilu ndi. D^c bilt li, sau 70 nam, LHQ l?u dflng trflde hilm hga ehfl nghia khflng bd mang tin "Nhi nUde Hdi giao" tu xUi^ IS cdn nguy MIm hdn ei chfl ngMa phit xit trong till k^ XX.
Cudc chiln chdng IS d Xyri tic dgng Idn den cyc di^n chinh tr| till gidi trong thi ky XXI
Tai diln din heh sfl cfla Dai hdi ddng LHQ nam 2015 ed hai bii phit bieu quan tigng nhit. Dd li bii tham luin cfla Tdng tiidng My B.Obama vi cfla TSng thdng Nga VPutm, tiong dd cic bin edng khai vk chinh thfle thi hi|n
tnldc toin thi gidi nhflng miu thuin cd bin, ed tmh nguyin tic vl cdch thfle hda giii cudc khflng hoing Xyri. Trong kM Tdng thdng My B.Obama tuyln bd chfl trUdi^ cfla My lo?ti bd bing duge Tdng thdng Baxa An Atxat ra khdi tiln trinh chinh tii 6 Xyri, tM Tdng thdng Nga VPutin khing dinh, TSng tiidng Baxa An Atxat ddng vai trd khdng thi tMlu duge tiong cugc chiln chdng IS.
Do miu thuin ddi khdng nhfl viy nIn Nga khdng thi tham gia liln minh chdng IS do My dii huy da tflng dUyc hinh thinh tfl thdng 8-2014. Vi till, ngiy 30-9-2015, Tdng tiidng V.Putm tuyln bd Nga se din diu hin minh qudc tl vdi sy tham gia cfla Iric vi Xyri tiln hinh cMIn dich chdng IS nhim giflp Chinh phfl Xyri gidi phdng cie vflng lanh thd hi IS chilm doat, tao dilu ki|n cho mdt giii p h ^ chinh tri mi tit ci cac bin deu chip n h ^ duge dl l|p I^ hda binh. Trong kM dd, Uln quin chdng IS do My ehi huy cM tiln hinh cic cudc tin cdng IS mang tinh chit Wgng trUng vi tiln tiiUc tl, dang tao dilu ki|n cho IS giinh l^i Uu thi quin sy di mit nhim dat dUgc myc tilu li lo^ bd Tdr^ thdng Xyri Baxa An Atxat.
Cic vy khflng bd tin b?o dugc cho li do IS giy ra d Phap vio diu vi cudi nam 2015, vy khflng bd nhim vio diile may bay did khach cfla Nga A-321 dang bay tiln biu tidi Ai Cip ^ sil ki|n Thd NM K^-mdt tiiinh viln NATO, bin rdi miy bay cMIn diu cfla Nga dang lira nM|m vy chdng khflng bd 6 Xyri tioi^ nam nay khdng chi li nhflng thim hga ddn II, ngiu nMIn, mi li nhflng mit xich trong mdt ehudi im mflu vd cung thim dgc vi tin ic cfla nhflng thi lUc da
76 T U Y £ N G | A 0 S 6 12-2015
THONG Tm-TUUfl tving nuoi diiOng v4 sfl dung chi ngMa khing
b6 nhu m^t cong cy dl thxfc hi?n rmfc dtch dja- chinhtrj.
Tuy nhiSn, chien dich quan s<f ch6ng IS cua Nga d Xyri da c6 kft qui ngiy 30-10-2015, Hpi nghi vl Xyri 6 Vita (Ao) viSi s\t tham gia cua cdc b6 tnldng ngoai giao cua Nga, My, Thd Nhi K^, A rip XS i t vA Iran vdi d?i dien cdc nildc Anh, Trung QuSc, Ai Cap, Iric vd Gioocdani dat diloc th6a thu^n m6i vl gidi quylt khung hodng Xyri. C6 thi thiy, kit cyc cu^c chiln chdng IS d Xyri cia Nga se 1dm thay d6i can bdn cue diln chinh tri quoc t l tren pham vi todn cau, chijt khong chi d Trung Don^ vd dUdc vi nhil "tr^ quylt diiln chien lU)?c Xtalingrdt"
trong thi k^ XXI. Yitc Nga thdng hay b ^ trong cu6c chien ndy tuong b^ nhu cu6c ddu tranh cia Lien X6 nlidm ddnh bai chi nghia phdt xit trong Chien tranh thi gidi thfl II. Ddy Id cu0c chiln tranh vd cing phflc tap, thdm chi cdn cam go vd phflc t ^ hdn CUQC ddu tranh chdng chu nghia phdt xit trong thIlcytrUdcbdildldng dUdc piidn tuyln ro rdng, cdn k^ thu dUdc che ddy bdi bp mdt "nhdn dao", r& khd phan bi$t vd ddnh lia dU ludn qudc tl.
Hdi nghi l&i thfl 21 Cdng tfdc khung cia LHQ vl biin doi kU hiu (COP-21), cd hdi l|dt sfl dl cflu tuomg lai cua nhdn loai trong thlk^XXI
Vdi quylt tdm cflu nhan loai khdi thdm hoa do tdc ddng ciia hien tUdng mdi tnldng tren Trdi Ddt nong len khodng 20°C vdo cudi thi k^
ndy, COP-21 dat ky liic ve sd thdnh viln tham du gdm cdc nhd lanh dao ciia hon 150 nUdc.
Cdc cudc thdo ludn diln ra trong vong 12 ngdy nhdm dat dupe mot thda thudn khd khdn vl han chi sii din^ cac nhien lieu hda th^ch vdn dupe coi Id nguyen nhdn 1dm Trdi dat ndng Ita.
ChUa bao gid mdt hdi nghi qudc tl lai cd tdm quan trpng ldn nhu COP-21 bdi lien quan tdi tfldng lai cia hdnh tinh, tUdng lai cupc sdng va hi vpng cua tpdn nhdn loai ndm trin vai chung ta. Ngdy 5-12-2015, COP-21 da thdng qua dU thdo thda thuan khi hiu, trong dd cd mijc tieu ddi h?n vl viec kim ham qud trinh biln ddi khi
hiu vd gia tang tdi trd cho cdc nUdc dang phdt triln ddi phd vdi biln ddi khi hiu.
Thda thu^n h^t nhdn Ijch sil giila Nhdm P5+1 vdi Iran md ra c^c d l | n mdi d IVung Ddng
Ndm 2015 se di vdo lich sfl Trung Ddng vd thi gidi vdi Thda thuin mang tinh ddt phd cia Nhdm P5+1 (gdm 5 thinh viln Hpi ddng Bdo an LHQ li My, Nga, Trung Qudc, Anh, Phdp cimg vdi Dflc) vdi Iran vl chUOng trhlh hjt nhin cua Uhlran. S\i kiln niy ddnh diu mdt budc tiln Ijch sfl trong vile hda gidi mdt trong nhing hd sd xung d^t phic tap nhit, cd thi dat diu chim hit cho nhiing tranh cai vd ddi dau gifla Nhi nUdc Hdi gido ndy vi phucfng Tiy klo ddi sudt 12 nim qua. Nhan dinh ve thda thuin niy, Tdng thdi^ My B.oi5ama ddnh gii ddy Id sU ki|n cd tim quan trpng die bilt khdng chi ddi vdi quan he My-Iran ma edn ddi vdi ed thi gidi, tUdng tu nhu quylt dinh hda hoin giOa My vd Liln Xd trong thip niln 1970, hay li "tU duy mdi" din tdi cdng cupc cdi td d Liln Xd trongthip niln 1980.
Dieu ddng chu f nhat Id Thda thudn cia Nhdm P5-H vdi Iran dtfa trin co sd nhflng nguyin tdc do Nga dl xuat Id phdi cdng nhin quyln eua Iran phdt triln cdng nghi h?t nhin vi muc dich hda binh vi Lran si khdng theo dudi tham vpng sd hflu vii khi hat nhan. VI the, TSng thdng My B.0bama da ghi nhan vai trd quan trpng cia Nga trong vi|c dat dUOc thda thudn lich sfl ndy
CuOc khung hoang di cfl ehiu Au - bien thdi mdi cua cupc canh tranh dia-chinh tri mdi sau Chiln tranh Ijnh
Trong nam 2015, ehiu Au chim dim trong cudc khing hodng di cU ldn nhit kl tfl Chiln tranh thi gidi thfl IL Dflng tnldc hi|n tupng vd cung phflc tip niy da cd nhilu cdch nhin nhin va ddnh gid khde nhaa Cd nhflng cdng trinh nghiln cflu cO bdn xde dinh, cudc khing hodng di cU d chdu Au Id mdt Io?i vu khi chiln tranh mdi, dUpc gpi li "chien tranh phflc hdp"
(Hybrid War), phuong tien chiln tranh chi ylu khdng phdi li vu khi ndng nhu trong chiln
T U Y E N G I A O S O 12-2015 771
THONG TIN-Tl'LIET
tranh truyen thong m i la cie "phUdng tien mem" nhU cam van kinh te, ngo^i giao, chiln tranh thdng tin-tU tUdng va van hda, trong dd lin sdng di cU cMlm mdt vi tii d^c bilt. Nd trd thanh thfl vu khi cMIn Mgc, nguy hiem khdng kem gi so vdi ten Ifla hat nhin cd tam phdng xuyln lye dia.
Cudc khung hoang di cU d ehiu Au khdng phii la lin sdng di cU ngau nMen do ngUdi dan Bac Phi-Trung Ddng chay lanh n ^ m i la kit qui cfla mdt chiln Mdc dugc hoach dinh rat bai ban v i do cae td chflc pM chinh phfl d My va Anh td chUe thfle Men v i tai trg thdng qua cac trang mang xa hgi nhU Facebook, Twitter. Myc tilu chiln Mdc liu dii khdng chi la cudc canh tianh dia-chinh tri gifla My vdi eac doi tic cfla hg d ehiu Au ma cdn l i gifla My vi Nga.
Thda t h u i n Miiixcd-2: ca hgi Lidi sfl cho hda binh d Ucrama
Ngiy 12-2-2015 di vio lich sfl Ucraina nhU la cd hdi cudi cflng de lip lai hda binh d qudc gia Ddng Au niy va cung cd the la khoing lang gifla mgt cdn bao dia-chinh tii ldn nhit gifla long ehiu Au cd the chim ngdi cho mdt cugc chiln tranh t h i gidi mdi. Tat ci deu My thudc vao thien chi cfla cac bin ed hen quan tdi cudc khflng hoang nay thfle tM nhflng kit qua dat dugc sau nhflng nd lUc dim phan cam go keo dai gifla Tong tiidng Nga V.Putin, Tdng thong Phap EHdlang, Thfl tUdng Dflc A.Medken va Tong thdng Ucrama P.Pdrdsencd - dugc t h i hiln d Tuyen bd chxmg cua nguyen thfl bdn qudc gia thudc "Nhdm Nocmangdi" va Tdng the cac biln phap thyc tM cie Thda thuin Minxcd-2,
Toan bd diln bien tmh Mnh quin sy-chinh tri d Ucrama trong nam 2015 diu lien quan tdi vile thUc thi cac Thda thuan Minxcd-2. Tuy nMIn, chinh quyln Ucrama dUde My "chdng lung" da Hen Mc vi pham va khdng thUe hien thda thuan lich sfl nay, rut cudc khdng chi dfla cugc khung hoang rdi vao tinh trang b l tac ma cdn day Ucraina tdi nguy ed p h i sin, khdng cM dUa quan he Ucrama-Nga tdi mfle khdng the tdi t l hdn ma cdn dUa quan h i Nga-phUdng
Tay tdi ehd "ddng bang" n l u khdng mudn noi li hoan toan be tie.
Su ki|n cMIe may bay MH17 cfla Malabda rdi hi an tren bau trdi Ucraina ngiy 17-6-2015 rat cd t h i do chinh quyen Kieev gay ra, \^i bi gan tdi cho din quin miln Ddng dUde Nga flng hd la "tiifl pham", chi la mdt trong vd van bilu hiln vl tinh chit vd cflng phflc t^p, kich tinh cfla cudc khung hoing Ucraina.
Cong ddng ASEAN chinh thfle dUdc thanh lip, md ra ky nguyin mdi d Ddng Nam A
Ngay 22-11-2015, tai thu dd Kuala Lampd cfla Malaixia, lanh dao 10 qudc gia thinh viln ASEAN chinh thfle ky van kiln lich sfl Tuyln bd Mnh thanh Cdng ddng ASEAN. SU kiln niy danh dau bUdc chuyen mdi ve chit cfla mgt ASEAN gan kit, chia se Igi ich va phat triln thmh vUdng chung, la kit qua cfla gin nfla t h i ky phin dau b i n bi vUdn !ln tfl Tuyln bd Bang Cdc 1967 din Tim nhin ASEAN 2020, tU Hiep Udc than thi|n va hgp tie d Ddng Nam A (TAC) d i n Hiln chfldng ASEAN, tii Tuyln bd hda hyp BaU II d i n Lg trinh xay dUng Cdng ddng ASEAN. Kit qua tdng hdp cac nd Mc dd dUa din sy hinh thinh cdng ddng, cho thay qua trinh trUdng thanh va ldn manh cua ASEAN tfl mgt td chflc cdn rit kMem tdn d Ddng Nam A trd thanh mdt Cdng ddng ASEAN Hin kit ch?t che tien ca 3 try cdt vl chinh tri-an ninh, kmh t l va van hda-xa hgi vdi vai tid va vi t h i ngiy cing cao d trong khu vUe v i tren t h i gidi.
Cd the khang dinh, Cong ddng ASEAN la mdt tiong nhflng td chflc khu vflc thanh cdng nhat tren t h i gidi, ddng vai trd trung tam tiong ciu true chimg cfla khu vflc chau A-Thai Binh Dfldng v i cd the la md Mnh cau true tfldng lai cfla t h i gidi, bdi tgip hgp trong do cac qudc gia ed che do chinh tri vi md hinh phat trien khac nhau. Tren ed sd ASEAN da hinh thanh nMlu dien dan khu vflc va qudc t l cd hieu qua nhU Diln din khu vUc ASEAN (ARE) bao gdm 25 qudc gia cd cung mdi quan tim d i n an ninh khu vUc ehiu A-Thai Bmh DUdng, Hdi ngM cip cao Ddng A (EAS) gdm lanh dao cfla 16 qudc gia Ddng A va khu vUc lin can liy
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THONCTIV-TI'lJEll
Cdc nha lanh dao ASEAN ky Tuyen bd Kuala Lumpur 201S vi "Thanh It, Anh.NB
jC0ngdSngASEAN".
ASEAN lim trung tim, Diln dan hgp tic A-Au (ASEM), Hgi nghi cap eao ASEAN-i-3 (Trung Qudc, Han Qudc, Nhit Ban) va Hdi nghi cap cao ASEAN+1 (Tnmg Qudc, Nhat Ban, Han Qudc, Canada, An Do. Nga, My...)
Khung h o i n g nd Hy Lap-vet nflt gay trong Idi^EU
Nam 2015 chflng kien dien bien k h i bat ngd tren chinh trUdng Hy Lap, trong dd dang canh ta Syriza vdi khau hilu phin ddi chinh sach
"that lung budc byng" cfla Liln minh ehiu Au (EU), da giinh thing Igi ip d i o trong cudc bau cfl Qudc hdi va dng Alechxi Chiprat, thfl linh dang niy, trd thinh thfl tfldng va dflng ra thanh lap chinh phfl mdi. Kit qua trUng ciu d i n y tai Hy L^p ngay 5-7-2015 dem lai kit qua vdi 61,3% ngUdi din ndi "khdng" ddi vdi gdi viln trd cua quoc te vdi nhflng dieu kiln that lUng budc bung khac khd.
Tuy nMIn, hy vgng vfla dugc nhen nhdm sau cudc trUng cau f d i n niy da hi d^p tat bdi cie n h i lanh dao hing diu trong khu vUe Eurozone
van dUa ra "tdi h i u thU" ddi vdi Hy Lap: hoac la chip nhgji cac dilu kiln cfla chinh sach "that Mng budc bung" de dugc nhan cic gdi cflu tig mdi, hoac phai ra khdi Eurozone. Trong tinh the dd, chinh phu cua Thu tfldng AllcMd Chiprat bude phii "diu hang vd dieu ki|n" va chap n h | n mgi dieu kiln cua Eurozone. Ddi vdi ehiu Au, cudc khflng hoang ng Hy Lap la vlt nflt gay khd ban gan, cd the dat EU trUdc rit nhilu rfli ro dia-chinh tri va chflng td cho ca the gidi thiy nhflng ylu kem cua "lyc dia gia", ddng thdi giang mdt ddn chi M vio mong mudn cua mgt sd quoc gia hdi nhip vao chau Au nhU Ucrama.
Tinh hinh Biln Ddng bdc Id rd tham vgng cua Trung Qudc
Sach Trang qudc phdng Trung Qudc nam 2015 cdng bd ngay 26-5-2015 danh toan bg ngi dung di gidi tiiilu ve Chiln lUdc qudc phdng mdi cua Trung Quoc, trong do gM rd, "mdt sd qudc gia bin ngoai dang tich cUc xen vao cac van de trin Biln Ddng", "mot vai qudc gia ling giing ngoii khdi xa dang cd hanh dgng kMlu
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THONCTIN-TirUfiU
kMch vi tang cUdng M|n diln quin sii tiln cac dio vi bai di ciia Trung Qudc", bo^c "mdt s6 it qudc gia duy tri cie boat dgng do thim tiln khdng vi tiln biln, ddng thdi tiln hinh cic ho^t ddng tiinh sat chdng lai Trung Qudc". NhU
^y, lin diu tiln. Sich Trang qudc phdng Trung Qudc diinh thfle coi Biln Ddng la "ao nhi" cfla hg nIn Bic Kmh mudn xiy cit cii gi, d diu, li theo y mudn cua hp, khdng ai dflyc quyln can thi|p, kl ei My. Tuyln bd niy cua Trung Qudc dflge dUa ra tiong bdi cinh hg da hoin thinh vile xiy dyi^ nMlu cdng trinh ha ting ed sd d mgt sd dio diim d TrUdng Sa
Lo ngai trUdc tham vgng cua Bac Kmh d Biai Ddng, My da dilu khu tryc h^m trang h\ tin Ifla USS Lassen dflge sy yem trg cfla may bay trinh sit P-8A tdi giim sat khu vyc trong gidi ban 12 hai if gin eic hai bai da mi Trung Quoc vfla xiy eit eic cdng trinh hgi tang cd sd. Cudc tuin tra niy li hanh dgng thich thfle manh nhit cua My ddi vdi Myln bd chu quyln vd can cfl cfla Trung Qudc trin Biln Ddng. Trin binh di|n ngo^ giao, lanh dao nhilu qudc gia tham dvt Hdi n ^ i thflgi^ dinh Ddng A nam 2015 cM tiich cac boat ddng cfla Trung Qudc cii t^o dio tren Biln Ddng. D^e bilt, trong philn dilu tiin diu tiln cfla Philippm tgi Tda trgng tii thudng tryc d La Hay (Hi Lan) diln ra M ngiy 24 din 30-11-2015, Myen bd cua Trung Qu6e vl ehfl quyln phi phip cfla hg ddi vdi 80% diln tich Biln Ddng, da gap phii thich thfle trflde nhflng lip l u ^ sic ben eua doin PhihppM.
Cudc cMIn tranh khu v^c d YImen md ra cyc di^n canh tranh dia-chinh tri mdi d ehiu Phi
Ngiy 26-3-2015, dflge My "bit din xanh", vdi sU Hin minh cfla mdt sd nUdc trong khu vUc nhu Gioocdani, Mardc, Xudang, Cdoet, Cata, Ai Cip, Arip Xlut phat dgi^ diiln dich quin svf mang tin "Bao tip quylt tim" nhim khdng kich vio qudc gia ling giing "yemen, tiong dd miy bay cMIn i^u cfla Hin quin di Ididng kieb vko cic myc tilu tai thfl dd Xana, ndi ddng quin cfla cic Me lUdi^ HiutM theo ddng Hdi giio Xiai dUyc Iran £ing hg.
Cudc diiln d •yimen li bilu M§n mdi cfla cai ggi li "hgc thuylt linh d^o tfl phia sau"
eiia TSng thdng My B-Obama. Theo dd My se khdng cd hinh dgng quin si^ trflc tilp hd trg cie cMIn dich quin s\Ji cfla Arip Xlflt t^i YImen nhUng se thinh lip Bd phin dilu phdi chung cM diia si thdi^ tm tinh bio vi quin sfl vdi hg. Cudc diiln YImen li d& Meu cfla sU dich chuyin eye di|n dja-chinh trj mdi vdi si;
tham gia cfla cie lye Myng tiong vi ngoii khu vyc, tiong dd se hinh thinh cic Hin minh mdi bit chip nguyin tie khdng can thi|p cua Hiln diUdng LHQ. Cugc cMen 6 YImen cd till se ed nhflng dien biln phflc tap khdng kIm nhflng gj dang diln biln t^ Iric, Liby vi Xyri.
Kit thuc dim phin vl TPP md ra k^ nguyin mdi d ehiu A-lhii Binh Dfldng
Nam 2015 dinh diu bing sfl kiln kit thfle dim phin vl Hilp dmh ddi tic xuyln Thii BMh Dfldng (TPP). Diy li Mlp dmh tiiUdng mai M do duge 4 nUde nhd li Xmgapo, Niu Di lin, CM II vi Bruniy ky tiong khudn khd Diln din hgp tic kmh t l ehiu A-Thii BMh Dfldng (APEC).
Vile My bit ngd tiiyln bd gia nhip TPP ddng thdi ddc toin Me nim vai tid chfl d^o vi thfle diy dim phin vl hilp dmh niy lim cho TPP vdn it dflge dfl lu^n ehd f bdng nMIn tid thinh dilm ndng kMIn ei thi gidi ehfl f. Mdt sd nUde ehiu A-Thii BMh DUdng da thi M|n s\f nhi|t tinh tiiam gia TPP, xuit phit tfl ddng cd md cfla thi trfldng, md rdng xuit khiu sin phim sang thi trUdng My, hoac xuit phit tfl chinh sich khai thic sfle m^nh cfla My dl cin bing sfle m^uih nflde ldn khu vyc.
Ddng ed My nim vai tid chfl d?o TPP nhim md rdng xuat khiu, tang thim vile lim, thfle day kinh tl My tai^ trUdng thyc hi|n cMIn Mgc "xoay tryc" tdi ehiu A-Thii BMh DUdng xky dung trit W kinh tl chinh trj mdi d khu vflc niy do My nim vai tid chu dao; ein bing vk lim suy ylu inh hUdng cfla Trung Qudc t^
ehiu A-Thii BMh DUdng, dgie bi|t li tai Ddng A. Vi till, TPP cd inh hUdng rit Idn tiln toin khu vyc ehiu A-Thii BMh DUdng, t h ^ dii md ra mgt k^ nguyin mdi 6 khu vyc niy./.
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