NHIN LAI QUA TRINH CHIEN DAU CUA QUAN TINH NGUYEN VIET NAM TAI LAO
TRlTC(NG DUY HOA *
Tom tat: Trong hai cupc khdng chien triCdng ky vd gian kho chong thuc ddn, de qudc de gidnh lgi dpe lap vd tii do cua nhdn ddn Viet Nam ud nhdn ddn Ldo (1945-1975), cong lao to Idn cua nhiing ngiiOi linh tinh nguyen Viet Nam chien ddu tgi chien trO&ng Ldo mdi mdi duac lich sd ghi nhgn. Hinh dnh ve cupc sdng chien ddu gian khd cua nhang ngu&i bp dpi tinh nguyen Viet Nam tgi Ldo co le khong bao gid phai md trong ky dc cua nhdn ddn hai nadc. Bdi viet nhin lgi qud trinh chien ddu cua qudn tinh nguyen Viet Nam tgi Ldo ud rut ra mpt sd nhgn xet.
Tit khoa: Viet Nam; Ldo; Chien tmdng Ldo; Bp dpi tinh nguyen; Qudn tinh nguyen Viet Nam tai Ldo.
1. D ^ t v a n d e
Quan he Viet Nam - Lao la md'i quan he hdu nghi truyen thd'ng dUpc xay dUng, vun dap va g i n bo tii xa xUa bdi nhCfng dieu kien dac thu v l lich sd, tU nhien, dia - chinh tri, sU tUong dong v l van hda va tinh cam cua hai nUdc lang gieng cung chung day Trddng Sdn. Dddi cac trilu dai phong kiln, hai nddc da tifng c6 luc nUcfng tUa vao nhau de danh duoi xam lUpc. Trong thdi ky lich sd can, Men dai, nha't la ke td kM t h a n h lap Dang Cgng san Ddng DUdng (nam 1930) den nay, md'i quan he Viet - Lao cang trd nen g i n bd va trd t h a n h md'i
quan he qud'c te dac biet va M i m ed trong lieh SLf cMnh tri the gidi dUOng dai.
Ban diu, do la md'i quan he gida hai dan tdc thugc dia cung bi thUe dan, de qud'c ap hdc bde lot tham te, tU n ^ y e n lien k i t Iai vdi nhau chdng ke thu chung de gianh Iai quyen sdng, quyen iam ngUdi dUdi sd lanh dao cua nhdng ngddi each mang d hai nudc. Theo thdi gian, mdi quan he do da dan trd thanh dac biet, dUpc tdi luyen va thd thach qua hai cudc khang cMen lau dai (1945 - 1975) chd'ng thuc dan, de qud'c de gianh lai doe lap, tU do d mdi nudc. Trong hai cudc khang ehien trUdng ky va gian khd' dd, nhan dan hai nUdc Viet Nam va
*-• TS. Truong Duy Hoa, Vien nghien cdu Dong Nam A
28 Nghien cau Dong Nam A, so 1/2020 Lao da phai htJfng ehiu nhdng hy sinh ma't
mat to Idn v l ngddi va cua, nhUng vdi tinh t h a n chien dau hy sinh quen minh, tinh doan ke't gan bo keo scfn, sU ung hd va giup dd lan nhau t r e n tinh than trong sang vd td, san se vdi nhau tdng "hat mudi", "cpng rau", "'giup bgn Id ta giup minh"'-^\ edng vdi chinh nghia sang ngdi va sdc m a n h cua thdi dai, cudi cung ca hai nddc da gianh dupc t h i n g lpi trgn ven vao nam 1975, md r a mdt ky nguyen mdi trong cdng cuge phat trien d hai nUdc.
Nhin lai lich sd quan he gan bo gida hai nddc Viet - Lao trong nhdng nam chd'ng thdc dan, de qud'c, chung ta khdng bao gid quen hinh a n h va cdng lao to Idn eua nhOttig ngudi linh tinh nguyen Viet Nam da chie'n d i u gian kho va hy sinh tren da't nude Lao trong hai cudc khang cMen chd'ng thdc dan Phap (1945 - 1954) va de qudc My (1955 -1975).
Trong pham vi cua bai viet, tac gia nhin lai vai net ve qua trinh boat dgng, vai tro hch sd to Idn cua Quan tinh nguyen Viet Nam tai cMin trUdng Lao va rut ra mdt so ket luan c i n tMlt.
2. Qua t r i n h c h i e n d a u c u a Q u a n t i n h nguyfen V i e t N a m tai L a o
Ttr sau kM thanh lap Dang cdng san Ddng DUdng nam 1930, phong trao chdng thUc dan Phap xam lugc d ca hai nddc da dupc tie'n h a n h ed to chdc. TU dd, dat ra yeu ciu giup dd tUdng trg l i n nhau gida n h a n dan hai nddc. Dddi sd lanh dao cua Dang CS Ddng Duong, cac chien si each mang Viet Nam va Lao da vugt qua mudn van khd khan gian kho, cung chien da'u
bdn nhau va coi nMdm vu each mang cua moi nudc la nhiem vu ehung.
2.1. Td nhiing ngay diu thanh lap nUdc Viet Nam Dan ehu Cdng hoa (VNDCCH) 2/9/1945, Chinh phu nudc VNDCCH ddng diu la Chu tieh Ho CM Minh da ky vdi Chinh phu Lam thdi Lao Itxala "Hi8p dinh thdnh lap lien qudn Lao Vi&t" ngay 30/10/1945'2). Td CO sd cua Hidp dinh nay, hai ben da thda thuan thanh lap cae ban cM huy va cae ddn vi lien quan Lao - Vidt.
NhOng bdde di diu tien nay da dat co sd phap ly eho boat ddng eua bd ddi tinh nguyen Viet Nam tai Lao. Ngay sau kM t h a n h lap cae don vi lien quan Lao - Viet, thang 3/1946, cac cMln si quan tinh nguyen Viet Nam da sat eanh eung vdi cae cMen si Lao cMln dau anh dung ben ddng sdng Mekong dUdi sU cM huy trUe t i l p cda Hoang than Souphanouvong d l bao ve chinh quyen each mang non tre cua Lao tai Thi xa Tha Khet. Tran danh vd cung ae het chd'ng Iai lUc lUpng ddng dao cua thUc dan Phap CO ea may bay va tau cMen yIm trp tai thi xa Tha Khet ngay 21/3/1946 cua lien quan Lao - Viet da k h i c sau trong long nhan dan Lao tam gdong hy sinh anh dung cao ca cua cac cMe'n si Lao va Vidt Nam*^\
chdng to sd doan k i t g i n bo mau thit gida each mang hai nddc ngay td nhOfng ngay dau cua cudc khang cMin than thanh 9 nam chdng thdc dan Phap (1946-1954).
T i l p dd, trong nhCfng nam 1948 - 1950, cae don vi bd dpi tinh nguyen td cac lien khu 3, 4, 5. .cua Viet Nam da l i n lugt sang cae m a t t r a n Thugng Lao, Trung Lao va Ha Lao d l giup dd cac Idc lUpng Lao xay dung CO sd each mang, phat trien luc lugng vu trang, to chdc khang cMe'n nham
Truong Duy Hoa - Nhin lgi qud trinh chJen ddu cUa qudn tinh nguyen Viet Nam... 29 day m a n h phong trao each mang d Lao.
Trong thdi ky nay, bp dgi tinh nguyen Viet Nam da eung vdi can bg va ehien si Lao b a m sat cac co sd each mang, xay ddng luc lupng du kich, cung co cO sd chfnh tri, to ehdc tuyen t r u y i n va van dpng n h a n dan Lao v l dUdng loi k h a n g cMln, vLfa tien h a n h danh dich, vifa xay dUng lUc lUdng, v.v...
Tren cd scf phat t r i l n m a n h me cua each mang Lao, ngay 20/1/1949, Quan dpi Pathet Lao (nay la Quan dpi Nhan dan Lao) dupc t h a n h lap. Tid'p dd, thang 8/1950, Dai hgi toan qud'c cac lUc lUdng k h a n g cMe'n Lao thdng qua "Cuang linh chinh tri 12 diem"'-^^ va t h a n h lap "Chinh phu khdng chien Ldo" do Hoang t h a n Xuphanuvdng iam Chu tieh. Bat dau td lue nay, su to chdc, phd'i hgp va doan k i t ehiln dau giUa quan ddi hai nUdc Vidt - Lao ngay cang gan bd chat che va dat Meu qua cao.
TU ngay 30/10/1949, cac don vi bd dpi Viet Nam cMen dau tren cMen trUdng Lao dugc tach r a va dugc to ehdc lai theo danh nghia quan tinh nguydn vdi sU cM huy thd'ng nha't cua Bg Td Idnh Quan t m h nguydn Viet Nam'S'. Trong nhCfng n a m 1951-1952, cudc k h a n g cMen cua quan va dan Lao gap nMlu khd k h a n do dich to chi^e tan cdng, can quet. Trong hoan canh dd, bd dpi tinh nguyen Viet Nam da tich cUc phd'i hgp vdi bd dpi Lao Men eddng ehd'ng tra, gid vCfng dia ban each mang tren CO sd day manh chie'n t r a n h du kich va phd'i hpp vdi chie'n trudng cMnh Vidt Nam.
Ngay 11/3/1951, Hdi nghi n h a n dan Ddng Dddng ehd'ng thUc dan Phap da quye't dinh t h a n h lap Mat trgn dodn ket lien minh chien ddu Viet - Mien - Ldo, dUa
su phd'i hpp lien minh cMen dau gida ba nddc Ddng Ddcfng bUdc vao mgt giai doan mdi cd tinh chat quyet dinh trong cudc k h a n g cMen chong thdc dan Phap'^*. Sau sd kien do, theo thoa thuan giUa hai CMnh phu Viet Nam va Lao, cac don vi bd dpi tinh nguyen Viet Nam da phd'i hgp sat canh cung vdi quan va dan Lao md cac chie'n dieh khap Ha Lao, Trung Lao va Thupng Lao.
0 Hg Ldo, lidn quSn Lao - Viet da phat trien luc lugng sau vao pMa tay nam Attapeu va md rdng hoat ddng xud'ng cao nguyen Boloven, dUdng 13 va tay nam Salavan. Can cd vao dac dilm cua tung dia ban, su phd'i hgp ehien dau giUa quan tinh nguyen Viet Nam vdi bd dpi Lao dupe trien k h a i k h a chat che. Tai cao nguyen Boloven, bd dpi tinh nguyen Viet Nam da cung vdi bd dpi va nhan dan Lao d i y manh dau tranh quan sU va chinh tri n h i m kiem soat eao nguyen chiln lUpc nay. Vdi sd trd giup die lUc cua quan tinh nguyen Viet Nam, de'n cudi nam 1952, cac cd sd khang chien d cao nguyen Bdldven dUpc cung ed' va md rdng; hai can cd du kich Uddmxin va Lao Ngam trd thanh nhUng can cd m a n h nhat d Ha Lao''^'.
Vdi su doan ke't giup dd, phd'i hop cua quan tinh nguyen Viet Nam, den cudi nam 1952, vung can cd dia tay nam Attapeu, cae khu can ed du kich d Champaxac, Boloven, Salavan dupc gid vUng va md rdng, phong trao cMen tranh du kich dUpc phat trien rdng khap d Ha Lao. Rd rang, sU doan k i t giup dd each mang Lao cua bd dpi tinh nguyen Viet Nam d vung Ha Lao da mang lai ke't qua r i t to Idn, lam co sd cho nhdng t h i n g lgi tiep theo.
30 Nghiin cdu Bdng Nam A, so 1/2020 Tgi dia hdn Trung Ldo, dddi sd chi dao
cua Trung ucfng Dang Lao dgng Viet Nam, Lien Idiu uy 4 da tang eddng lanh dao bg dgi tinh nguyen Viet Nam phd'i hpp vdi quan va dan Lao day m a n h khang cMln, xay ddng Idc lUgng. Thang 4/1951, vdi sd giup dd ciia quan va dan Lien khu 4 Viet Nam, Mat t r a n Itxala Trung Lao dUpc t h a n h lap, da vach ra ehUpng trinh, ke hoach phd'i hpp h a n h dpng vdi Lien khu 4 cua Vidt Nam de day manh cudc khang cMen d Trung Lao. Can ed vao dac diem cMen trudng Trung Lao, cac ddn vi quan tinh nguyen Vidt Nam phan tan, to chdc t h a n h nhieu nhdm nho, cung vdi can bp Lao di vao tdng lang ban, thdc Men "ba cung" vdi dan'^^ Vdi sd trg giup dac Idc cua quan tinh nguyen Viet Nam tren co sd phdi hpp doan ket vdi quan va dan Lien khu 4, cac can cd khang cMen va can ed du kich d Trung Lao dUdc gid vuhg va md rpng nd'i lien vdi vung giai phdng d B i c Lao va Nam Lao, tao the' vCfng chic cho eupe k h a n g ehien ehd'ng Phap cua nhan dan Lao phat triln.
Tgi chiin triCdng Thugng Laa, Ban can sd Dang mat tran Thddng Lao da to chdc cac lUc lugng quan tinh nguyen Viet Nam t h a n h 4 doan phu trach 4 dia ban khac nhau: Doan 80 phu trach 2 tinh Hua Phan va Phdng Sa Ly, Doan 81 phu trach tinh Xieng Khoang, Doan 82 phu trach hai tinh Luang Prabang va Hudi Xai, Doan 83 phu traeh tinh Vieng Chan va hai huyen Pac Lai va Xaynhabuli (Luang Prabang)'^'.
Trong mdt thdi gian n g i n , Bd dgi tinh nguyen Viet Nam da t l chdc 18 Idp hgc chinh tri va quan sd eho cac can bg tieu dgi va trung dgi cua cac Doan cdng tac. Theo
do, ndi dung hpc tap gom cac van de nhd sau: i) Ve cMnh tri: ban chat quan dpi n h a n dan, nghia vu qud'c te cua Quan tinh nguyen Vidt Nam tai Lao, iinh Mnh nMdm vu, cae cMnh sach va cong tac eua each mang Lao...; ii) Vl quan sU: hpc ky thuat ban sung, nem Idu dan, ky chien thuat phuc Mch tren dia hinh nftig nui vdi quy md trung dpi, dai dpi va tieu doan. Sau mdt thdi gian tap trung xay dung va huan luydn, trdn ed sd the tran cMin tranh n h a n dan, quSn tinh nguyen Viet Nam va bd dpi Lao da phdi hpp to chdc nMlu tran phue kich, quiy rd'i cac d i n bd't giac, danh chan va lam tieu hao lUc lugng dich, gid vuhg cac khu can cd khang cMen cua Lao.
Den giOa n a m 1951, dUdi sd giup dd eua quan tinh nguyen Viet Nam, d khu vUc Thugng Lao da xay dung dupc nhilu khu du kich, khu khang cMin, phong trao each mang d day Idn manh. Dang chu y la Chien dich Sam NUa (nam 1952), Chiln dieh Thugng Lao (thang 2/1953)^1"" va nhieu chie'n dich khac trong giai doan 1953-1954, trong do bd ddi tinh nguydn Viet Nam da phd'i hop chat che vdi bp dpi Lao trong mpi boat ddng, day manh eupc chiln tranh du kieh tren khap cae dia ban sau Iidig dich, ket hpp vdi viee md cae ddn t i n cdng bat ngd vao cac vi tri cMen Iddc cua dich, giai phdng nhilu vung dat dai rdng Idn d Lao, lam thay doi sau sac cue dien each mang Lao va tao the cMen lugc rat cd lgi eho each mang Viet Nam gianh t h i n g Idi trong chie'n cue Ddng Xuan 1953 - 1954, d i n tdi t h i n g loi hch sd Dien Bien Phii ldng Iiy dia cau (thang 5/1954), ket thuc t h i n g lgi cudc khang cMen chong thdc dan Phap xam Idpe.
Truong Duy Hoa - Nhin lgi qud trinh chien ddu cua qudn tinh nguyen Viet Nam... 31 2.2. Sau Hiep dinh Genevo 1954, My da
h a t cang P h a p va cMem Ddng Duong, bie'n Dong Duong t h a n h thupc dia kieu mdi cua My n h a m ngan chan sd phat t r i l n cua phong trao giai phong dan tgc dang dang cao tren k h a p the gidi. Cue dien mdi da huge hai nUdc Viet - Lao tang cUdng doan k i t cMin da'u chd'ng ke thu chung. Trong bd'i canh mdi, nMem vu eua quan tinh nguyen Viet Nam tai Lao Iai cang them nang n l .
Vl nddc chua bao lau sau Hiep dinh Genevo 1954'^^\ bp dpi tinh nguyen Viet Nam da lap tdc quay trd lai cMen trUdng Lao de Iam nhiem vu qudc te theo yeu cau cua CMnh phu k h a n g chie'n Lao n h i m bao ve, xay dUng va phat trien hai tinh tap ke't cua Idc lupng each mang Lao la Xieng Khoang va Sam NUa. Trong dieu kien kinh te cdn nMeu khd k h a n d hai tinh tap ke't cua Lao, bd dpi tinh nguydn Viet Nam da cung vdi bd dpi each mang Lao vda xay dung, vda td ehdc cMln dau; gdp phan eung vdi quan dan Lao xay ddng va bao ve vCfag chac can cd dia each mang Lao.
B i t dau tir n a m 1960, kM de qud'e My thuc Men va md rdng cMen lUpc "chien tranh dgc biet" d Ddng Duong, md'i quan he doan k i t ehien d i u dac biet gida Lao va Viet Nam cang dugc tang cUdng, da dat r a nhidm vu ngay cang khd khan va nang ne dd'i vdi bg ddi tinh nguydn Viet Nam tai Lao. Trong nhdng n a m 1960-1962, quan tinh nguyen Viet Nam va bdi dpi Lao da phd'i hpp md chiln dich giai phong S i m Nua (1960), giai phong Canh Dong Chum - Xieng Khoang (thang 171961) va thuc hien t h i n g lgi eMen dich Luong Nam Tha (nam 1962), giai phong nhilu vung dat dai
rpng Idn d Lao, huge My va nguy quyen Vieng Chan phai ky Hiep dinh Genevp (thang 7/1962) ve Lao, cdng nhan cMnh phu lien hpp ba phai d Lao, tao nen bdde phat trien nhay vgt cua each mang Lao, dong thdi tao dieu kien thuan lgi cho lien minh cMe'n da'u Viet - Lao phat t r i l n va g i n bd hon nda.
2.3. Nhdng n a m tiep theo td 1963 trd di, bg dpi tinh nguyen Viet Nam lien tuc dupc phai sang giup quan va dan Lao xay dUng lUc lupng, bao ve cac can cd each mang va giU vdng vdng giai phdng; ddng thdi phd'i hpp vdi hd dpi Lao rad cac Chie'n dich Dudng 8, Dddng 12 (nam 1963), Nam Bac (nam 1968), Canh Dong Chum (nam 1964, 1969, 1970, 1972), CMe'n dieh Dudng 9 Nam Lao (nam 1971). Cac ehien dich quan trpng nay, cung vdi hang tram t r a n cMen dau phd'i hgp cua bd dpi tinh nguyen Viet Nam vdi bd dpi Lao tren k h i p cMen trddng Lao da gdp phan tdng budc danh bai cMen Idgc "chien tranh dgc biH", rdi "dgc biet tang cUdng" eua My d Lao, budc My phai phan tan Idc Idgng de ddi pho, gdp p h i n tao dieu kien thu^n Ipi va hd trp d i e luc cho chien tranh each mang d Viet Nam.
Dac biet, trong giai doan 1969-1972, khi d l qud'c My thUc hien chiln lUpc "chien tranh dac biet tdng cOdng" d Lao, theo dd, luc lupng nguy quyen Vidng Chan ket hop vdi quan danh thue Thai Lan cd sd yem trg die luc cua khdng quan My, da md nMeu chien dieh danh pha Idn nham tieu diet luc lupng each mang Lao; bd dpi tinh nguyen Viet Nam da sat eanh cung vdi bd dpi Lao vUpt qua khoi Ida, cMen dau kien eUdng, l i n luPt danh bai cac chien dich cua dich.
32 Nghien cau Ddng Nam A, sd 1/2020 giCf vdng va md rdng vung giai phong, budc
My va nguy quyin Vieng Chan phai ky Hiep dinh Vieng Chan (thang 2/1973), lap lai hda binh d Lao.
Sau kM ky Hiep dinh Vieng Chan n a m 1973 v l lap lai hoa binh va thUc Men hda hgp dan tpc d Lao, mdt bd phan Bg dpi tinh nguyen va ehuyen gia quan sU Viet Nam v i n tie'p tuc d lai Lao theo yeu eiu cua Lao de cung vdi quan dan Lao tie'p tuc xay dung va gid vOfng vung giai phong.
Nam 1975, chdp thdi ed do cupc Tong tien cdng va noi day mua Xuan 1975 cf Viet Nam, quan va dan Lao vdi sd trg giup cua Bd dpi tinh nguyen Viet Nam da nhat t l n i i day gianh chinh quyin v l tay nhan dan vao ngay 1/12/1975 va khai sinh ra nudc CHDCND Lao vao ngay 2/12/1975, ket thuc t h i n g lpi cupc khang chien lau dai va gian kho cua nhan dSn Lao vi ddc lap t u do va thd'ng n h i t dat nUdc.
3 . M g t s o n h | i n x e t k e t l u | i n Nhin lai qua trinh phat t r i l n va chiln da'u eua quan tinh nguyen Viet Nam tai Lao trong sudt hai cuoc khang ehien 30 nam (1945-1975), chung ta cd the rut ra mgt so' nhan xet sau day:
Thd nhdt, trong 30 n a m chiln da'u lien tuc, bd dpi tinh nguyen Viet Nam tai Lao da cd vai trd lieh sd to Idn, la Idc lugng cd dong gdp quan trgng vao t h i n g lpi ve vang eua each mang Lao. Hg da ludn sat canh cung vdi quan va dan Lao chiu ddng nMeu khd k h a n gian kho, ben bi cMen dau, hoan t h a n h xua't s i c mpi nMem vu ma hai Dang, hai Quan dgi va n h a n dan hai nddc da giao pho. NMem vu ma hd dpi tinh
nguyen Viet Nam thuc Men tai Lao la nMem vu qud'c t l cao ca: "giup bgn la ta giup minh", la nMdm vu chung cua quan dpi each mang hai nudc.
Tha hai, trong hanh trinh sudt 30 nam do, CO the ndi, da'u chan cua bd dpi tinh nguyen Viet Nam da in dau k h i p noi tren dat nude Lao, dugc nhan dan Lao tin ydu, che chd va cdu mang nhu eon de cua minh.
Hp da chiu ddng mudn van gian k h i , vugt qua bao khd khan, tMlu thdn d l cung vdi quan va dan Lao cMln d i u cho den t h i n g lgi cudi cung. Cdng lao to Idn cua bd dpi tinh nguyen Viet Nam da dUpe lich sd hai nude ghi nhan, nhU ldi cua Dai tUdng Khamtai Siphandon khi dang tren cuong vi Bg trddng Qud'e phdng Lao da khang dinh: "Nhdn ddn Ldo se khong bao gid quen hinh dnh cua cdc chien sT qudc ti Viet Nam vugt qua sU vdy chgn ddy dgc cda qudn thu di din u&i Ldo khi cdch mgng hay con trong trang nudc; chiu diing doi ret, benh tdt, dm thdm len loi di sau vao qudn chung giup Laa xdy dgng ca sd chinh tri, phdt trien liic liiong vu trang... Trong nhang ndm khdng chien, mgc du ddt nude vdn con dang hi qudn thu tdn phd, nhiing Qudn dpi Nhdn ddn Viet Nam vdn chia se sac ngodi, sac cua co hgn cua minh.. ciing qudn ddn Ldo chiin ddu, ngdy dem gidnh gigt vdi dich tdng nggn doi, tang con sudi, ddnh bai cdc chiin luoc chien tranh cua dich, bdo ve vd md vung gidi phong cua cdch mgng Ldo.. Td vung nui din dSng bdng, tic vung giai phong din vung dich hdu, biit baa chiin st qudc ti Viet Nam da dem mdu xUang cua minh hoa u&i mdu xiCOng chien si vd nhdn ddn Ldo, trd thdnh nhang ngudi con bdt td cua ddn tpc Ldo,
Truong Duy Hoa - Nhin lgi qud trinh chie'n da'u ciia qudn tinh nguyen Viet Nam... 33 ldm rgng rd them non song, ddt node Lao
thdn yeu"^^^\
Tha ba, quan tinh nguyen Viet Nam hoan t h a n h dupc nhiem vu qud'c te d Lao la do cd su doan ket n h a t tri cua hai Dang, hai Chinh phu, hai Quan dpi va n h a n dan hai nudc; cung la do quan va dan Lao da sdm xac dinh rd Ddng Duong la mdt cMen trudng thd'ng nhat, vi the, da thudng xuyen phdi hgp vdi bd dpi tinh nguyen Viet Nam ve mgi hoat ddng de tao n e n sdc manh lien ket danh bai ke dich. Tinh doan ket chid'n dau Viet - Lao da tao n e n sdc m a n h vd dich trudc mgi ke thii.
Tha ta, ngay nay, trong bd'i eanh hpi n h a p khu vUc va the gidi vdi nhieu co hpi va thach thdc khdng nhd, kM nMn Iai chang dudng da qua, chung ta khong khdi xuc dpng trddc nhiftig hy sinh va ddng gdp to Idn cua quan tinh nguyen Viet Nam tai chie'n trUdng Lao'^^*. Chung ta se khdng bao gid quen cdng lao to Idn cua cac anh hung, het si da khdng tiee mau xUOng de bao ve ddc lap, tU do cho ca hai nUdc, td t h a m them truyin thdng doan ke't hUu nghi dac biet giUa hai dan tdc.
Tha ndm, trong cdng cudc xay dung va phat trien hoa binh ngay nay, ehung ta can coi trpng viec phoi hgp giao due cho t h i he tre cua hai nUde khdng qudn qua khd ve vang eua cac bac cha dng, trong dd CO cdng lao to Idn cua nhung ngudi Ifnh quan tinh nguyen Vidt Nam tai Lao. C i n giao due cho the he tre hien nay d Viet N a m va Lao hieu dung tam quan trpng eua md'i quan he dac bidt mang tam chien Idgc Viet Nam - Lao, Lao - Vidt Nam, de giup cac the he con chau bay gid va mai sau
Meu ro rang, hai dan tdc Viet - Lao cM dupc hudng cupc sdng binh yen va hanh phuc khi ca hai ludn doan ket, g i n bo, k l vai sat cahh ben nhau./.
C H U THICH
1. Ldi ciia Chu tich Ho Chi Minh.
2. Trinh Vuong Hong (2007),"Quan tinh nguyen ViH Nam chiin ddu tgi Lao - Bieu tuang smh dpng nhdt cUa mdi quan he dgc biet Viet - Ldo", Ky yd'u Hpi thao Khoa hpc qudc te ve mdi quan he Viet Nam - Lao;
NXB KHXH, Ha Npi - 2007; tr. 217.
3. Trong tran danh noi tieng nay, ngudi chien si tinh nguyen Viet Nam anh hung Le Thieu Huy da lay than minh che chd cho Hoang than Xuphanuvdng va da anh dung by sinh (Xem: "NgUdi chien si tinh nguydn Viet nam hy sinh than minh cdu Hoang than Xuphanuvdng", http:/^tlsqsvn.org.vn/
DesktopModules/News.Display/Print.aspx?
bai-viet=nguoi-chien-si-viet-nam-hy-sinh- than-minh-cuu-hoang-than-xuphanuvong- 4087 , truy cap ngay 10/07/2017.
4. Trinh Vuong Hdng (2007), tldd, tr. 218.
5. Thang 4/1951, Bp TU lenh Quan tinh nguyen Viet Nam mat tran Thupng Lao dUOc thanh Mp nhim thdng nhat cac lUc lUpng quan tinh nguyen d Bic Lao va Tay Lao gom cac Doan 80, 81, 82, 83..nham tap trung pho'i hpp vdi cac lUc lUpng each mang Lao xay dung khu giai phdng Thuong Lao thanh can cd dia each mang cua ca nudc Lao (Xem:
Trinh Vuong Hong 92007), tldd, tr. 218).
6. Doan kit giup dd each mang Lao va Campuchia ludn dupc Chu tich Hd Chi Minh va Dang Lao ddng Viet Nam quan tam dac biet. Tai Hpi nghi Trung UOng Dang Lao dpng Viet Nam (22-28/4/1952), Chu tich Ho Chi Minh noi ro: "Vi mpi quan he khang khit ve dia ly, quan sU, chinh tri..
ma ta vdi Mien, Lao cung nhU moi vdi
34 Nghien cau Bdng Nam A, sd 1/2020 rang. Hai dan tdc Mien, Lao hoan toan giai
phdng, thi cuoc giai phdng cua ta mdi chic chin, hoan toan. Cho nen nhiem vu cua ta la phai ra sdc giup dd khang chien Mien, Lao mpt each tich cue, thiet thuc Hon. Dd la nhiem vu quoc te cua chung ta". (Xem:
Ho Chi Minh toan tap, tap 6; tr. 452. Din theo "Lich sd quan hd dac biet Viet Nam - Lao, Lao - Viet Nam (1930-2007), tr. 236).
7. Lich sd quan h& dgc biH Viet Nam - Lao, Lao - Viet Nam (1930-2007), NXB Chinh tri quoc gia - Su that. Ha Ndi - 2011; tr.
234-235.
8. Lich sd quan h^ dgc biet Viet Nam - Ldo, Ldo - Viet Nam, tldd, tr. 228-229.
9. Din theo "Lich sii quan he dgc biet Viet Nam Lao, Lao - Viet Nam 1930 - 2007', tldd; tr. 221.
10. Kit qua Chien dich Thupng Lao da tieu diet mpt bp phan sinh lUc dich d Lao gdm 2.800 binh linh va si quan dich, giai phong mpt vung rpng Idn khoang 35.000 km2, gom toan bp tinh Sim Nua, phan Idn tinh Xidng Khoang va mdt phan tinh Luang Prabang; trong do cd lUu vUc sdng Nam U la mpt vung c6 tam quan trpng cMen lUpc va la giau co nhat 5 tay bac Lao. (Xem:
"Lich s-a quan he dgc biet Viet Nam - Lao, Ldo ' Viet Nam", tldd, tr. 259.
11. Theo cac dieu khoan dupc ky kit tai Hiep dinh GiOnevO nam 1954, LUc lUpng vu trang each mang Lao chuyen ve ddng chan d hai tinh tap kit la Sam Nua (nay la Hua Phan) va Phong Sa Ly chd giai phap chinh tri hiep thuong thdng qua dam phan gida Quan Giai phong Nhan dan Lao va Chinh phu Vuong qudc Lao, de den nam 1955 se to chdc tong tuyin cd thanh lap nha nudc Lao doc lap, thdng nhat, toan ven lanh tho. Dong thdi, theo cM thi cua Trung UOng Dang Lao dpng Viet Nam, cac don vi Quan tinh nguyen Viet Nam hoan thanh nhiem vu qud'c te giup Lao cung lan lUpt rut ve nUdc.
12. Kham-tay Xi-phan-don (1986), NhUng bdi chgn lgc ue qudn sU, NXB Quan dpi nhan dan. Ha Ndi - 1986, tr. 221.
13. Theo so Heu nhan dip Bd Quoc phdng Viet Nam to chdc cudc gap mat tai Ha Npi ky niem 65 Ngay truyen thd'ng Quan tinh nguy&n va Chuyen gia Viet Nam tai Lao (30/10/1949 - 30/10/2014), trong hai cuoc khang chien, khoang 35.000 liet sy Viet Nam da nam lai tren dat Lao, 60.000 ngUdi la thuong binh, benh binh; nhieu ngUdi da phuc vu each mang Lao td tuoi ddi mUoi cho den luc nghi hUu, trpn tinh trpn nghia, trpn ddi vdi each mang Lao, coi Lao la que huong thd hai cua minh.
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1. Dang NDCM Lao, Dang CS Viet Nam
(2011), Lich sa quan h^ dgc biet ViH Nam - Ldo, Ldo Viet Nam (1930 - 2007); Nxb.
CMnh tri quoc gia, Ha Npi, 2011.
2. Hpc vien Chinh tri qud'c gia Hd Chi Minh, Vien Han lam KHXH Viet Nam, Hoc vien Chinh tri-Hanh chinh quoc gia Lao, Vidn KHXH qudc gia Lao (2017), Ky yeu Hpi thdo khoa hgc qudc ti: 55 nam quan he hitu nghi. dac biet va hgp tdc todn dien ViH Nam - Ldo, Binh Thuan, 2017.
3. Kham-tay Xi-phan-don (1986), Nhang bdi chgn loc ve qudn sU, Nxb. Quan ddi nhan dan. Ha Ndi, 1986.
4. Ky yeu Hdi thao quoc te vdi chu de: Quan Tinh nguyen Viet Nam. tgi Nam Trung Bp ldm nhiem vu qudc te tgi Ha Ldo vd Dong Bac Campuchia - Vai tro vd y nghia lich sa do Viet Nam phd'i hpp vdi Lao va Campuchia to chdc tai TP. Quang Ngai, thang 9/2015.
5. Truong Duy Hda (2012,chu bien), Mpt sd vdn de vd xu hudng chinh tri kinh te d CHDCND Ldo trong hai thdp nien ddu the ky XXI; Nxb. KHXH, Ha N6i, 2012, 6. Vien KHXH Viet Nam - Vien KHXH Quoc
gia Lao (2007), Ky yiu Hpi thdo khoa hgc qudc ti ve moi quan he Viet Nam - Ldo;
Nxb. KHXH, Ha Noi, 2007.