NGHliN CUtl - TRAO OOI
Nhin lai thifc tiin 15 nam Viet Nam ket noi Internet
Thien Phai
1. Chuyen mach gel hay tien than Internet
Viet Nam
CIch day 43 nam, thing 9 nam 1969, ARPAnet (dUa tren nen tang edng nghe chuyen mach gdi Packetswitching Technology), tidn than cCia Internet ngay nay, chinh thUc dUa vio sff dung, Cdng nghe chuyen mach gdi - nln tang ciia Internet va y tudng thiet lap mang miy tinh dUOe ba nhdm nghien cUu ddc lap (2 nhdm d My, mdt nhdm d Anh), chiec miy tinh diu tien ket ndi Internet do nhdm nghien eUu tai dai hoe California thuc hien dUdi sU lanh dao cua GS.
Leonard Kleinrock (tic gia ly thuyet chuyin mach gdi).
Trong nhOng nam 1990, Tong Cdng ty Buu chinh Viln thdng Viet Nam bat diu thue hien cude each mang sd hda mang lUdi viln thdng dung cdng nghe tuong dUong trd thanh mang vien thdng sd hien dai ngang tim khu vuc va the gidi gdp phin quan trong vao sunghfep ddi mdi hien dai hda dit nudc.
Trong dd khdi dau quan trpng nhat la viec lip dat va dua vao khai thac hai Trung tim Chuyen mach va Truyin din Qudc te Ha Ndi v l Thanh phd Ho Chi Mmh (thudng goi la cdng qude td) tff dau nim 1992.
Ngay sau dd khdng lau, thing 10/1992 hai nut chuyin mach gdi (Packetswitching Node) duoe lap dat tai hai Trung tam Chuyen mach va Truyin din Qude t l Ha Ndi va Thanh phd Ho Chi Mmh kit ndi vdi Cong chuyen maeh gdi Sydney tai Australia de tU dd hda vio mang chuyen mach gdi toan elu. Packetswitching Node (cd vai tio nhu mdt nut trong mang chuyin mach gdi - network) bao gdm cic chuyen mach dff iieu (data switch va cae thiet bi d l dieu khien:
dang gdi dff lieu, truyen dan, dinh tuyIn va thu eae gdi dff lieu. CDng cd the eoi Packet Switch Node la cd miy tinh diing rieng de:
thu, dmh tuyen va truyin din cac gdi dff lieu trong mang chuyen mach gdi toln d u . Cic khach hang Idn luc bIy gid UNDP, Tap ehi Kinh te Viln ddng, Ngan hang Chatter bank, . . . mang lai tong doanh thu cho Cdng ty Viln thdng Qudc t l dat tdi 30.000 USD/thing.
2. Vai net v< qua trinh dua Internet vao Viet Nam
Se II thieu khach quan khi ndi den lich sff
phat frien edng nghe thdng tin (CNTT) ndi ehung va Internet ndi rieng d Viet Nam neu khdng nhin nhan vai trd quylt dmh cua Nghi quyet sd 49/CP "vl phat tnen edng nghe thong tin d nudc ta trong nhung nam 90"
ciia Chinh phii luc do do dng Vo Van Kiet lam Thu tudng ky ban hinh ngay 4/8/ 1993.
3. Vai tro internet trong ddi s6ng ngudi dan viing sau, vung xa
Nhim thuc hipn chinh sich ddi mdi kinh te - xa hdi do Dai hdi VI de ra: "Odi hdi trong cac hoat ddng kmh te xa hdi phai ed thdng tn diy du, chinh xae v l kip thdi... Nghi quylt nay da khai quit tinh hinh CNTT ciia nudc ta, khing dinh quan diem, muc tieu v l npi dung phIt tnln CNTT d nudc ta den nam 2000 va d l ra eac bien phap Idn de thue hien chii fruong quan trong nay" (trich ndi dung Nghi quylt).
Mdt trong nhffng muc tieu do Nghi quydt d l ra den cudi nhffng nam 90 II'
"Xay dung he thdng cae may tinh va eac phuong tipn truyin thdng duoc hen kit vdi nhau trong cic mang vdi nhung cdng cu phin mem du mpnh v l cle he thdng tin va CO sd dff lieu ed kha nang phgc vu cac hoat ddng quan ly Nha nffde va eae hoat ddng huylt mach cua nln kmh t l . Mdt sd he thdng tin trong nudc dupc ghep ndi vdi cac mang thong tin qudc te".
Tnen khai Nghi quyet, Thu tudng Chinh phii da ky Quyet dmh 221/lTg ngay 6/5/1994 thanh lap Ban Chi dao Chuong trinh Qudc gia ve CNTT gdm 13 thanh vien, dai dien cho 10 Bd, CO quan thudc Chinh phii v l Quyet dmh 154/lTg ngay 11/3/1995 bd sung ehUe nang nhiem vu eCia Ban Chi dao (BCD) true thude Thu tudng Chinh phu. BCD d l tap hop duoc nhieu chuyen gia diu nganh frong nude va qudc t l tham gia 4 t i u ban chuyen mon thudng xuyen tham gia tuvin cho tnen khai ehuong trinh nay.
Ke hoach ngan sach tdng thi Chuong trinh Qude gia v l CNTT da dUOc Chinh phd trinh Qude hdi tiidng qua vao phien hop eudi nam 1995 va phe duyet de lin diu tien tnen khai tren pham vi toan qudc vao nam 1996.
v l chu de md cdng qudc gia ket ndi vdi Internet, BCD trong phien hop toan thi ngay 6/9/1995 da thao luan, bieu quyet va thdng nhat tien hanh nghien eUu, khao sat va thU
nghiem danh gia de kip thdi trinh ThO tUdng Chinh phu xem xet sdm eho phep. Nam 1996, Chuong trinh dUpe diu tU 100 ty ddng tff ngan sich Nha nudc de tiien khai gin 100 duan thanh phin, trong do do vai trd quan trong cua ha ting CNTT-TruyIn thdng, du an lien mang truydn thdng do Tong Cgc BUu dien va Trung tam Khoa hoe tu nhien va Cdng nghe Qude gia thUc hien duoe diu tu 10,3% tdng kmh phi.
De chuan bi eho bao d o linh dao Dang va Nha nudc dam bao duoc tinh khoa hpc, thuc tiln va khach quan, dupc phep cua Thu tudng Chinh phu, trong nam 1996 v l 1997, BCD da td chUc nhilu doan khao sat, nghien cUu gdm eae nhl lanh dao, quan ly, chuyen vien ky thuat cCia cae Bd, nganh va dia phUdng tai cac nudc Singapore, My, Canada, Nhit Ban, Hin Qudc, Phap, Hungary, Australia. Ddng thdi, td ehUc nhilu cude hdi thao trong nudc mdi cac t l chUc, cdng ty hang diu va chuyen gia qude te eung nhilu chuyen gia Viet kilu d nudc ngoai tham du de trao ddi, hoc hdi kinh nghiem
4. Internet Viet Nam phat triin vdi tde do cao
D I U nam 1997, Nganh BUu dien "da lim xong 2 cdng ra mang qude te, khi duoc phep ciia Chinh phu cd the hda mang ngay", ngay 5/3/1997 Thu tUdng Vd Van Kiet da ky Nghi dinh 21/CP, ban hanh "Quy che tam thdi v l quan ly, thilt lip, sff dung mang Internets Viet Nam".
De cd phuong tien giiip Thii tuOng Chinh phu chi dao, kiem fra su hoat ddng ciia Chuong trinh va frao dii kinh nghiem vdi qudc te, BCD da tnen khai hoan tiilnh xay dung du an va ngay 29/4/1997, TrUdng BCD da ky Quydt dmh thanh lap Ban Quan ly mang ITNet (www.ltnet.gov.vn; Mang nay da hoan thanh nhiem vu va dUOe chuyen giao ve Van Phdng Chinh phii, sau khi giup Thii tUdng Chinh phu kit ndi vdi toan elu giam sat va chi dao xff ly su ed Y2K d Vi&t Nam vao nam 2000).
Den ngay 19/11/1997, Viet Nam ehinh thffc md cdng qude gia vdi mang thdng tn toan d u Internet.
Theo thdng ke tiUdc nam 2000, sd iuong ngudi dung Internet d Viet Nam ehi khoang tr&n dudi 200.000 ngudi, den nay Viet nan-
TAPCHITINHOCNGANHANG • s6 2(134)-
NGHliN CUtl - TRAO DOI
duoc xdp Ihff 18/20 qude gia cd sd ngffdi diing Internet fren tiie gidi, tinh den cudi nam 2012 sd ngudi dung Internet dat khoang 32 trieu theo each tinh quy ddi ciia Bd Thdng tin v l Truyin thdng. Vilt Nam cd toe do phIt tnen Internet rat nhanh vdi nhilu loai hinh dich vu da dang tac ddng manh den moi ITnh vpcddi sdng xa hdi.
Theo bio cao cua Tong cue Thdng ke, tai thdi diem cudi thing 6/2012, thue bao Internet tren ea nude Ude dat 4,4 trieu, tang 26,5% so vdi eung ky nam trudc. Sd lUpng thue bao truy nhip Internet qua mang di ddng 3G da dat hOn 16 tiieu vao cudi nam 2011, chiem tren 80% tdng sd thue bao Internet bang rdng. So vdi cac qudc gia khac, Viet Nam cd sd lUdng ngudi dung Internet nhilu thU 8 trong khu vue chau A va dung V! tri thff 3 d khu vuc Ddng Nam A.
Hien nay, tat ea d c td chUe tiong bd may Nha nudc, doln t h i , doanh nghiep, frUdng hpc va nhilu gia dinh, d nhan diu khdng thi thieu phuong tien ket ndi khai thac t l i nguyen thdng tin tren Internet d l phuc vu cho hoat dpng cCia minh.
Trong he thdng hanh ehinh nhl nUdc, Cdng thdng tin dien tii ciia Chinh phu {), khai truong ngay 1/10/2006) va d e Bp, cO quan ngang bd, cO quan thudc Chinh phu, eae tinh, thanh phd, quan, huyen va nhilu phudng xa da ed website, hoac dilm ket ndi vao Internet, d l cung chia se va khai thIc eac tat nguyen thdng tin.
Ngay nay, Intemet d l trd thinh phUOng tien khdng the thieu cho hoat ddng quan ly, chi dao dieu hinh sU phIt tnln kmh te xa hdi ndi chung.
Vi vay, ed thi eoi Nghi quyet 49/CP, ngiy
4/8/1993 cua Chinh phii (nhiem ky 1992- 1997) do Thii tUdng Vd Van Kipt dUng diu la nln tang phap ly v l la ddng lue quydt dmh eho viec triln khai md cdng qudc gia hda mang Internet d Viet Nam 15 nam trudc.
Ndu coi "Cha de" - chinh xae hon la ngudi true tiep chi dao viec tiiln khai quyet liet vl kip thdi chinh sich cua Dang va Nha nudc dua Internet vao Viet Nam khdng ai khic chinh la ed Thu tUdng Vd Vin Kiet, Ngudi ma ca nudc vUa long trpng td ehUc ky niem 90 nam ngay sinh cua dnga
Tai lieu tham khao Cong thdng tin Chinh phQ Cic tu lieu sd hda viln thdng Vien thdng Vilt Nam.
Niiufng dau an 15 nam Internet Viet Nam
Ke lis khi djch vu Internet bat diu du'cJc cung cap cho dong dao ngUcJi si:f dung (1/12/1997), sau 15 nam phat tnen, Internet da gop ph§n tich ciic thay doi moi mat cua ddi song xa hpi.
'16-24/12/1996: Tai Hdi nghj Trung UOng II khoi VIII ban v l dmh hUdng ehien luoc phIt tnln gilo dge, dao tao v l khoa hoc cdng nghe frong thdi ky edng nghiep hoi, hien dai hoa v l nhiem vg den nam 2000, GS. - TS.
Dd Trung Tl, Uy vien Trung UOng Dang, Chu tich HDQT Tong cdng ty BUu chinh Vidn thong tiinh bay v l cdng nghe thdng tin lien lac mdi - hay cdn gpi II Internet v l ea mat ti'ch cue va tieu cUc. Trong dd cd doan: "Vl thuc chat Internet la cdng nghe thong tin lien lae mdi, nd tie ddng vio xa hdi v l cude sdng d mUc dd rdng Icfti va da dang'.
* 1996: Cdng ty Dien toan va truyin sd lieu (VDC) quan ly, khai thIc he thdng thu dien tffVNmail ven 518 thue bao, Hoan thanh hai mpng true Internet giai doan 1 va 2 node tai Ha Npi v l TP. Hd Chi Mmh ndi vdi nhau bang dudng fruyen 64Kbps
'6/2/1997: Bao dien tff diu ten cua Viet
Thai Tuan
Nam Ien mang toan d u . Dudi sU trp giup ky thult cua VDC, 6 bli bio ciia Tap chi Que Huong duoe phat hanh tren mang Internet.
•5/3/1997' Thii tUdng Chinh phu ky quyet dinh thanh lap Ban dilu phdi qudc gia mang Internet de dilu hoa, phdi hpp vdi viec quan ly, phat tiiln mang v l dich vu Internet 6 Viet Nam.
'5/4/1997: Chinh phii ban hanh Nghi dmh sd 21/CP kem Quy che tam thdi v l quan ly, thidt lap sff dgng mang Internet d Viet Nam nhim thdng nhat quan ly, kiem soat mang In- ternet v l cac dich vu Internet. Tat ca elc eo quan, td ehUc cd mang miy tinh tai Viet Nam neu khdng dUOc d p phep, viec ket ndi vdi In- ternet dudi bat ky hinh thUc nao deu la bit hop phap.
'19/11/1997: Ban dilu phdi qudc gia mang Internet khai truong dich vu Internet Viet Nam, trao giay phep eho eac nhl cung cap dich vu ket ndi, fruy nhIp Internet va nha cung d p djch vu.
'1/12/1997; Dich vu Internet dUpc cung cap cho ddng dao ngudi sff dgng.
'1998: Day Ien lo ngai SU ed thien men ky Y2K - cd thi xay ra ddi vdi tat ea eac lopi trang thiet bi dien tff ed xff ly sd liSu v l nam bing hai chff sd (tff 00 den 99). Lo ngai ddn nam 2000, ehung se khdng hieu dung la
nam 2000, cd kha nang rdi loan hoac ngimg hoat ddng cua cle thidt bi niy khi xff ly thdi gian thue trong the ky 21, bit diu bing nam 2000. Nhung sU cd Y2K da khdng xay ra dii the gidi phai tieu tdn 300-600 ty USD dl tim giai phap xii IS'.
'26/02/1999: Tong cgc trUdng Tong cue Buu dipn chi thi v l viec phat frien v l quan ly djch vu dien thoai tren Internet va eae djch vg viln thdng cO ban khac tren Internet Cho phep cle nhl cung d p djch vu Internet tiiii nghiem cdng nghe va dich vg dipn tho?i va cic dich vg co ban khic tren Internet Sau 15 nim, Viet Nam da ed hon 31 tiieu ngudi SLf dung Internet, chiem 35,49% din sd
'28/4/2000: Quyet dmh thanh lap Trung tam thdng tin mang Internet Vipt Nam (VNNIC).
• 17/10/2000: Bd Chinh tri ra Chi thj sd 58- CT/TW v l "Day manh Ung dung va phat tnln cdng nghe thdng tin phuc vg sU nghidp cdng nghipp hoa, hien dpi hoa', trong dd de ra muc tieu: "Gia cude tir nim 2001 dam bao thap hon hole tuong dUdng vdi d c nudc trong khu vgc, dam bao cung d p dich vu viln thdng, Internet vdi chat luong eao".
'13/2/2001: Thii tUdng Chinh phii ra quylt dinh chuyin giao ehUe ning dilu phdi cic
i a « TAP CHi TIN HpC NGAN HANG • s 6 2(134) - 3/2013