Nhirng nhan to anh huong den thu nhap ciia cac ho ngu dan khai thac hai san viing bai ngang ven biin tinh Quang Nam
Hoang Hong Hiep**' Chau Ngoc Hoe'"'
Tom t5t: Bdi viet sir dung cdc mo hinii kinh te luang de ltr(mg hoa cdc nhan to dnh htc&ng den thu nhap cua cdc ho ngu ddn khai thdc hdi sdn tai viing bdi ngang ven bien tinh Qudng Nam. Kit qud uac luang chi ra rdng, nhiing dac tnmg ve dia hdn cu trii, dac trung nghe nghiip, dac trung nhdn khdu hgc vd kinh te xd hpi co dnh huang y nghia den thu nhap ciia ho ngu ddn. Nguffc lgi, cong tdc khuyen ngu lgi khong codnh hucmgy nghia din su khdc biit ve thu nhdp giira cdc hg ngu ddn. Tren ca sa do, bdi viit ggi ma mgt so hdm y chinh sdch nhdm gop phdn ndng cao thu nhdp cgng dong ngu ddn khai thdc hdi sdn tgi viing bdi ngang ven hien tinh Qudng Nam trong thai gian tai.
Tir khoa; Kinh tS luong, Thu nhap, Ngu dSn, Nhan t6, Vung ven biSn, Danh bat hai san, Quang Nam
Abstract: The paper uses econometric models to estimate factors determining how well the fishing households in the coastal areas of Quang Nam province are paid. The estimation results indicate tiiat the residence, fishery, demographic and socio-economic characteristics have significantly impacted the fishing household's earnings. However, the incentives to fish have no influence on the difference of income between fishing households. The empirical results do make some policy recommendations to the local government of Quang Nam to improve the income of coastal fishing households.
Keyword: Econometrics, Income, Fishermen, Factors, Coastal Areas, Fishing, Quang Nam Province
1. Gio'i thieu Nam, co nhiSu tiem nang va lgi th6 trong Quang Nam la tinh ven biin thuoc phat tri6n kinh tS bifa, co ba bifa chay viing kinh te trpng diem mifa Trung Vi$t dai tren 125km, vung dac quyfa kinh ti rpng hon 40.000 km' hinh thanh nhiiu '*''^^^.'^',? ^ ^ •«"= "'i ••'' '^"S Tnmg bo, ngu truong rong Ion voi ngu6n loi hai san
Vien Han lam Khoa hoc xa hoi Viet Nam; Email' „ i , ™ 1, • j j - Z- i ' • • •
[email protected] phong phu, da d?ng ve chung lo?i va CO '"'TliS., Vi?n Khoa hoc xa hpi vung Tmng bo, Vi?n ^i^ tri kinh te Cao. Mac du CO nhieu tiem Han lam Khoa hgc xii hpi Viet Nam. ' nang di phat trifa nghi khai thac va nuoi
Hhung nhan to anh hudng d ^ thu nhdp... 13 trflng thuy hai san, nhung hien nay Quang
Nam van con nhieu xa vung bai ngang ven bien va hai dao thupc dien dac bi?t khd khan. Dae biet, thu nhSp hien tai eua cac hfl ngu dan vung nay van con thap va ed su chenh lech dang ke trong cflng dong ngu dan tai dia phuong. Bai viet tap trung nghien euu cac nhan td anh hudng d i n thu nhap ciia cae hp ngu dan khai thac hai san tai viing bai ngang ven bien tinh Quang Nam dya tren bp dii lieu s o cap thupc de tai khoa hpc cap tinh Quang Nam "Nghien euu nhiing nhan to anh hudng d i n thu nhap va nhung giai phap nang cao thu nhap ciia cac hfl ngu dan vung bai ngang ven bien tinh Quang Nam" do Hoang Hflng Hiep lam chii nhiem, thue hi?n nam 2017. Mau dieu tra dupe thyc hi?n vdi 588 hfl ngu dan khai thac hai san t^i 12 xa/
phudng viing bai ngang ven bien thupc 6 huyen eua tinh Quang Nam, gflm: xa Dien Duong (huyen Dien Ban); phuoDg Cira Dai, phudng Cam An (thanh pho Hpi An), xa Duy Hai (huyen Duy Xuyen); cac xa Binh Duong, Binh Minh, Binh Hai, Binh Nam (huyen Thang Binh); xa Tam Thanh (thanh phd Tam Ky); cac xa Tam Hoa, Tam Tien, Tam Hai (huyen Niii Thanh). Trong do, mau dieu tra tai huyen Thang Binh va Niii Thanh chiem h a n 60%. Nhin chung, quy md mau dieu tra la kha ldn, mang tinh dai dien cao.
2. Mo hinh irdc lirong
Tren ea sd khung ly thuyet phan tich d cac nghien cuu ciia Olale va Henson (2012, 2013), Garoma va cac eong su (2013), Al Jabri va cac cflng sy (2013), Hoang Hflng Hiep (2016), chiing tdi de xuat mfl hinh nghien cuu cac nhom nhan td anh hudng d i n thu nhap cua eae hfl ngu dan khai thac
hai san vung bai ngang ven bien tmh Quang Nam nhu sau:
Y.= OQ + pjRegions^ + p^ Characteristics of fisheries+ pj Socioeconomic and Demographics^j+ p3 Fishmg Stimulation + e,(l)
Trong do: ei ^ P h i n du cua md hinh;
i = hp ngu dan t h u i ; i = 1,2,..., 588.
Bien ph^i thuoc (Y) phan anh tdng thu nhap ciia eae hp ngu dan, dupe do ludng bdi 2 thang do: (i) Tdng thu nhap ciia hp ngu dan trong 1 nam; (ii) Thu nhap binh quan diu ngudi ciia hd ngu dan trong 1 nam.
Cac nhom bien dgc lap:
Nhom bien dia ban cu tru (Regions):
Day la nhiing bien gia (dummy) phan anh dac trung cua cac hp ngu dan tai cac huy?n khac nhau. Do mau dieu tra phu len 6 huy?n thupc tinh Quang Nam nen ehiing toi sir dung toi da 5 bien gia trong mdt mfl hinh de kiem soat sy khae biet thu nhap giiia cac hfl ngu dan do nhiing dac trung cua dia ban eu tni tao nen.
Nhom bien dgc trung ngu nghiep (Characteristics of fisheries) phan anh nhiing dac diem dac thii ve hoat dpng ngu nghiep cua ngu dan cd anh huflfng true tilp den thu nhap eua cac hp ngu dan. Cac dae trung ngu nghiep chu yeu gflm: cflng suit tau thuyen, cong nghe va trang thilt bi ngu nghiep, ngu trudng, trinh dp hpc vin va kinh nghiem cua thuyen trudng, thi trudng tieu thu, da dang hoa thu nhap.
Nhom bien nhdn khdu hoc vd dgc tnmg kinh te xa hoi (Socio-economic and Demographics) phan anh nhimg dac trung ve nhan khau hpc va cac dae trung kinh t l xa hpi cua cac hp ngu dan. Cac nhan tfl nay bao gflm: sfl thanh vien ciia hfl, sfl thanh vien phu thupc, tuoi ciia ngu dan, trinh
Thdng Hn Khoa hoc xa h6i, sd 10.201S
dp hpc v i n eua ngu dan, sd lao ddng ngu nghiep cua hfl, kinh nghiem ngu nghiep ciia ngu dan va thuyen trudng, ldng yeu nghe, tinh ehit sd hiju phuang tien danh bat.
Nhom biin lien quan den khuyen ngu
chinh sach cua Nha nude nham ho trp ngu dan trong phat trien ngu nghi?p, nang eao thu nhap, dupe do ludng bdi cac bien sfl nhu: vai tro ciia cflng tac khuyen ngu, ho trp nhien lieu, tham gia td hop tac hoac (Fishing Stimulation) phan anh cac c o che nghiep doan nghe ca dia phuong.
Bang 1: Do lirtrng va mo ta cac bien so mo hinh Danh sach
nhom bien
Bi^n d$c l^p
Nhom bien ve dja biin
cu-trii
Nh6m bi^n ve dac trirng ngtr
nghiep
Dien giai bien Log (Tong thu nhap ho ngu dan) Log (Thu nhap binh quan dau nguoi cua hp ngu dan) Dien Ban Hoi An Duy Xuyen Thang Binh TamKy Nui Thanh Log (Cong suat tau) Trinh dp cong nghe danh bat va bao quan
May tSm ngu
Ngu truong 1
Ngu truong 2
Ngu trucmg 3
Thi trucmg tieu thu hai san Trinh dp hoc van cua thuyen tnrong So nam kinh nghidm ngu nghi?p cua thuySn trucmg Ngh5 luoi vay Nghe luoi re
Ky hieu bien
LnTongTN
LnTNBQ_Nguoi Dienban Hoian Duyxuyen Thangbinh Tamky Nuithanh LnCongsuat
Coognghe
Tamngu
Venbo
Vunglong
Vungkhoi
ThitruongTT
HocvanTT
KinhnghiemTT
Luoivay Luoire
T h a n g d o
Trieu dong/nam
Tri^u dong/nam I : D i ? n B a n ; 0 : K h a c l : H g i A n ; 0 : K h a c 1: Duy Xuyen; 0: Khac 1: Thang Binh; 0: Khac 1; Tam K y ; 0 : Khac 1: Nui Thanh; 0; Khac CV
Thang do Likert 5 bac voi:
miic (1) rat lac hau va m u c (5) hien dai
1: Co su dung;
0; Khong su dyng 1: Danh bat vung ven bd;
0:Khac
1: Danh bat vung long;
0: Khac 1: Danh bat xa b o ; 0:Khac
1: Ban cho tau dich v\i thu mua tai cho;
0 : K h a c Hpc het 16p may
Nam
1: Co ; 0 : Khong 1: Co ; 0 : Khong
Dau kj' vpng
(+/-) (+/.) (+/-) (+/-) (+/-) (+/-) (+/-)
(+)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/-)
(+/.)
(+/-)
(+)
(+/-)
RhOng nhdn to anh hudng den thu nhap..
Nhom bien n h a n Idiau hpc va d a c t n m g kinh t^
- xa hpi
Nhom bien Ifhuyen ngir
So thanh vien cua ho So thanh vien phu thupc c u a h p
Tuoi ngu dan Trinh dp hoc van ciia chiihp
So nam kinh nghiem ngu nghipp
Long yeu nghe Tinh chat so huu phucmg tien danh bat Tong lao dpng ngu nghiep cua ho Tinh trang da dang hoa thu nhap cua hp Khuyen ngu: Dupe do lucmg boi 3 bien quan sat: Vai tro cua can bo khuyen ngu dia phucmg, vai tro cong tac khuyen ngu, vai tro hiep hoi nghe ca dia phucmg Tham gia to hpp tac, hoac/va nghiep doan Ho trp nhien lieu
Nhankhau Phuthuoc Tuoi HocvanND KinhnghiemND
Yeunghe
Chutau LaodongNN
DadanghoaTN
Khuyenngu
Hoptac HotroNL
Ngucri Ngucri S6tuoi Hpc het lop may Nam
Thang do Likert 5 bac vi5i:
muc (I) khong yeu nghe v i mure (5) rat yeu nghe 1: Chu tau;
0: Thuyen vien lam thue Tong lao dpng ngu nghiep 1: Co thu n h ^ phi ngu n g h i ^ ; 0; Thuan ngu nghiep Thang do Likert 5 bac v6i:
miic (1) khong tot va miic (5) rat t6t; Kiem dinh Cronbach's alpha dupe sit dung de kiem dinh thang do.
I: Co tham gia nghiep doan;
0; Khong tham gia 1: Co nhan ho trp nhien lipu;
0: Khong nhan
(+/-)
(-)
(+) (+) (+)
(+)
(+)
(+) (+/-)
(+)
C+)
(+)
3. Phuong phap, thii tuc va ket qua irdc lirong
Trudc het, chiing toi thyc hien kiem dinh cae nhan tfl khuech dai phuang sai (variance inflation factorsA^F) theo Keimedy (2008) de kiem tra hien tupng da cflng tuyen giua cac bien dpc lap cua cac mfl hinh udc luong. Ket qua kiem dinh cho thay cac mfl hinh khong ton tai hien tupng da cpng tuyen giiia cac bien giai thich. Sau do, chiing tfli tiep tuc thuc hien kiem dinh Breusch-Pagan/Cook-Weisberg (Greene, 2000) de kiem tra ve phuong sai sai sfl thay dfli (Heteroscedasticity). Ket qua cac kiem
dinh dupe trinh bay d bang 2 eho thay, cac md hinh deu vi pham gia dinh phuong sai sai so thay dfli, dieu nay eho phep chiing tfli ude lupng phuang phap binh phuang nho nhat (OLS) vdi dieu chinh phuang sai sai sfl thay dfli trong mfl hinh. Kit qua hdi quy bdi phuang phap OLS dupe trinh bay tai bang 2 udc lupng cac nhdm nhan tfl anh hudng din thu nhap ciia cac hp ngu dan khai thac hai san vung bai ngang ven biln tinh Quang Nam nhu sau:
- Nhom edc nhdn to ve dia bdn cu trd Cac ket qua udc lupng chi ra ring, thu nhap binh quan cua cac hp ngu dan viing
Thong tin Khoa hoc xa h6i. sd 10.2018 bai ngang huyen Nui Thanh va thanh phd
Hpi An cao hon mpt each y nghia so vdi thu nhap binh quan cua eae ho ngu dan thupc cac huy?n cdn iai. Dieu nay hoan toan phii hpp vdi thye tl ring, huyen Niii Thanh va thanh phfl Hpi An vdi lpi thi cang ca quy mo ldn tiep giap ciia bien, hien sd hiiu dpi tau ca quy mfl kha lorn, hoat dpng danh bat chu ylu d vung long va vimg khoi, nhat la xa dao Tam Hai va phudng Cua Dai la nhiing dia phuong sd huu dpi tau xa bd kha hiing hau, cd kinh nghiem lau doi trong danh bat xa bd. Ngupc lai, thu nhap binh quan ciia cac hfl ngu dan vung bai ngang huyen Thang Binh lai thip hon mpt each y nghia (dat miic y nghia thflng ke 1%) so vdi thu nhap binh quan cua cac hfl ngu dan thupc cac huyen eon lai. Dieu nay phu hpp vdi thuc te dien da rang, da sfl ngu dan vimg bai ngang huyen Thang Binh danh bat hai san vung ven bien bang thuyen nho efl cflng suat dudi 24CV, thu nhap tir hoat dpng ngu nghiep thudng kha thip.
- Nhom cdc nhdn to dgc tnmg ngir nghiep
He sfl eua bien cong suat tau thuyin mang dau duang, nhu ky vpng, va dat miic y nghia thflng ke 1%. Dilu nay cho thay, cflng suit phuang tien khai thae hai san CO tac dflng y nghia den thu nhap eua cae hfl ngu dan, theo dd ngu dan danh bit hai san tren tau c6 cong suit ldn thi se eo thu nhap eao. Chia ngu truflrng danh bit cua ngu dan viing ven biln thanh ba khu vyc ngu trudng: xa bd, long, va ven bd. Kit qua udc lupng chi ra ring, cae hp ngu dan tham gia danh bit hai san tai ngu trudng vung ven bd co thu nhap binh quan thip hon dang ke so vdi danh bat tai cac ngu trudng xa bd va lpng d muc y nghia thflng
ke 1%. Ngupc l^i, thu nhap binh quan cac hp ngu dan tham gia danh bat hai san tgi ngu trudng vung xa bd khdng cd khac biet y nghia thdng ke vdi cac h0 danh bat d ngu trudng vung ven bd va lpng. Nhu vay, hieu qua hoat dpng danh bat xa bd ciia ngu dan vung bai ngang ven bien tinh Quang Nam cdn kha thap, do kinh nghiem danh bat xa bd eua ngu dan vung bai ngang con nhieu ban che. Do vay, thiic day chuyen dfli nganh nghe tu danh bat ven bd sang danh bit xa bd vdi quy mfl phu hpp can dupe xac dinh la npi dung trpng tam trong thdi gian tdi nham nang cao thu nhap cac hp ngu dan theo hudng ben viing.
Khflng nhu ky vpng, he sfl cua bien trinh dp cflng nghe thiet bi ngu nghiep khong dat muc y nghia thdng ke 10%. Dieu nay eo nghia rang, trinh dp cflng nghe danh bat cua cpng dflng ngu dan vimg bai ngang cua tinh Quang Nam khflng co nhieu khac biet, da phan cae hp ngu dan danh bat bang kinh nghiem hon la sii dung cflng nghe danh bat tien tien, hien dai. Thue te eho thay, viec sir dung chu yeu cac loai may tam ngu thflng thudng kem hien dai cfl the khien nang suat nghe danh bat ca bang ludi thap, dieu do khien thu nhap ngu nghiep cua nghe nay thap hon dang ke so vdi cac nganh khae.
Dieu nay dupe minh chiing ro han qua he sfl am cua bien gia nghe ludi vay, theo do thu nhap cac hp ngu dan danh bat hai san bang nghe ludi vay thap hon y nghTa thflng ke so vdi cac hp ngu dan nghe khac. Day la mpt thyc te can luu y trong trien khai chinh saeh hien dai hfla ngu nghiep cho viing bai ngang ven bien trong thdi gian tdi.
Ket qua ude lupng ciing cho thay, thi trudng tieu thy hai san khai thac cfl anh hudng dang ke doi vdi thu nhap binh quan
Rhung n h ^ Ki ^nh hudng den thu nhap.. 17 eua cac hd ngu dan. Theo dfl, cac hfl ngu
dan tham gia khai thac va tieu thu hai san cho cae tau dich vu thu mua hai san tai chd se cfl thu nhap cao hon dang ke so vdi tieu thu tai thi trudng dat lien. Dieu nay ham y chinh sach rang, tinh Quang Nam can eo CO che chinh sach phat trien dpi tau dieh vu hau can nham gop phan nang cao hi?u qua hoat ddng khai thac hai san, nhat la hoat dpng danh bit xa bd.
Nhu vay, cac dac tnmg ngu nghiep cd anh hudng ldn va mang tinh quyet dinh den thu nhap cua cac hd ngu dan viing bai ngang ven bien tinh Quang Nam. Cfl the noi, tinh thuan ngu trong hinh thanh thu nhap cua cpng dong ngu dan nay la rat eao.
- Nhom cdc nhdn to nhdn khdu hpc vd dgc tnmg kinh te-xd hoi ho ngu ddn
Ket qua udc luong chi ra rang, sfl nhan khau cua hp eo anh huflfng tich cue den thu nhap ciia hp ngu dan d muc y nghia thdng ke 1%, Tucmg ty, sfl lao dpng ngu nghi?p ciia hfl ciing eo anh hudng tich eye den thu nhap hfl va dat muc y nghia 1 % dfli vdi cac mfl hinh (3) va (4) do loai bfl anh huong ciia bien nhan khau trong mfl hinh. Ngupc lai, nhu ky vpng he so ciia bien sfl lupng thanh vien phu thupc (cac thanh vien khflng tao ra thu nhap) mang dau am va dat miic y nghia thflng ke 1% d ea md hinh (3) va (4). Dilu nay cfl nghia rang, sfl luong thanh vien phu thupc cfl anh huflng tieu eye den miic thu nhap cua hp ngu dan. Dae biet, nhu ky vpng, da dang hfla thu nhap ed anh hudng den gia tang thu nhap ciia cac hd ngu dan d miie y nghia thflng ke 1% d ea mo hinh (3) va (4). Dieu nay ham y chinh sach rang, nang cao thu nhap hd ngu dan tir hoat dpng phi ngu nghiep la huong di can khuyen khich trong thdi gian tdi.
Kit qua udc lupng eiing chi ra rang, dp tufli ngu dan cfl moi quan he tuong quan am dfli vdi thu nhap ho ngu dan d cac miic y nghia thflng ke 10% d mfl hinh (1) va 5% d mfl hinh (2). Nhu vay, tufli chu ho cang cao thi thu nhap hp ngu dan cang thap. Dieu nay phii hpp vol thyc tl la cac ngu dan danh bat ven bd viing bai ngang da phan la nguoi ldn tufli, dfli tupng thanh nien va trung nien dang timg budc dong vai trfl tru cot trong nang cao hieu qua danh bat cho cpng dflng ngu dan vimg bai ngang thdng qua phat hien cae dpi tau khai thac vung lpng va viing khoi.
Khflng nhu mong dpi, trinh dp chu hp va trinh dp thuyen truong lai khflng co anh huong y nghia den thu nhap hp ngu dan. Dieu nay cho phep ehiing tfli thay the bien trinh dp chu hp bang bien trinh dp hpc van cua thuyen truong. Trong khi do, kinh nghiem ngu nghiep lai cfl anh hudng den thu nhap hp ngu dan d miic y nghia 10% d mfl hinh (1). Dieu nay ciing ham y rang, thu nhap cua hp ngu dan viing bai ngang khflng bi chi phfli qua Ion bdi kinh nghiem, day la mpt dac diem Ion can dupe nhin nhan mdt each thau dao trong hoach dinh ehinh sach nham nang cao thu nhap cho cpng dong ngu dan vung bai ngang theo hudng khuyen khich dpi ngu ngu dan tre vuon khai, bam bien. Dac biet la, Iflng yeu nghe eua ngu dan lai cd anh huong doi vdi thu nhap hp ngu dan d miic y nghia thflng ke 1%. Dieu nay eiing ham y rang, long yeu nghe la dpng luc quan trpng trong viec nang cao hieu qua hoat dflng danh bit hai san, gflp phan dang kl trong gia tang thu nhap tir hoat dpng ngu nghiep eua hp ngu dan.
- Nhom cdc nhdn to khuyen ngu Theo ket qua udc lupng, biln vai tro ciia khuyin ngu lai khflng cd anh hudng y nghia den thu nhap ciia cac hp ngu dan.
ThOng tin Khoa hoc xa hoi, so m.^uia Dilu nay cfl t h i hilu ring, cong tac khuyen
ngu tai dia phuang vimg bai ngang ehua thyc sy gflp phin nang cao hi?u qua hoat dpng khai thac hai san, hoac co thi do ngu dan danh bit chu yeu dya vao kinh nghiem, chua nhan thiic dupe day dii vai tro eua cflng tac khuyin ngu trong hoat ddng khai thac va bao quan hai san. Tuang ty, bien hfl tro nhien lieu eiing khflng co tac dpng y nghia din sy khac biet thu nhap giGa eae hp ngu dan nhan hfl fro va khflng nhan hfl trp. Dieu nay phu hcrp vdi thyc te vung bai ngang khi ma phan Ion cac tau danh bat dia phuong chil yeu hoat dpng d viing long, la khu vuc khflng dupe nhiin ho trp nhien lieu.
Nhu mong dpi, bien ve tham gia tfl hop tae cfl anh huong tich eye den thu nhap hp ngu dan d miic y nghia 10% d cac md hinh (1), (2) va (4). Dieu nay ham y rang, vi?c tham gia cac td hpp tac hoac nghiep doan nghi ca thyc sy da gi^p cac hfl ngu dan nang eao hieu qua san xuat nhd chia se ngu tnrong, giam thieu chi phi nhien li?u, hpp tac danh b i t chung,... Dieu nay gpi y chinh quyln dia phuang can nhanh chflng thyc chit hoa cac nghiep doan nghe ea vdi hat nhan la cac tfl hpp tac trong hoat dpng san xuat ngu nghiep nham nang cao hieu qua danh bat, gflp phan nang cao thu nhap cho cpng dong ngu dan viing bai ngang ven bien.
Bang 2: Ket qua ird'c lu-cmg cac nhan to anh hudng den thu nhap ciia cac ho ngu- dan khai thac hai san vung bai ngang tinh Quang Nam'*'
M 3 hinh Bien
LnCongsuat
Congnghe
Luoivay
Luoire
Chupmuc
Vungkhoi
Venbo
HocvanTT
KinhnghiemTT
ThitruongTT
'"' Gia tri Pvalue dupe (1) LnTongTN
0 . 1 1 4 * "
(0.003) 0.0397 (0.362) -0.0828 (0.262) 0.200 (0.261) -0.287**'
(0.006) 0.0478 (0.588) -0.288***
(0.006) -0.00560 (0.763) -0.00150 (0.707) 0 . 2 9 0 " *
(0.005)
mo ta trong ngoac dom.
(2) LnTongTN
0 . 1 1 7 " * (0.003) 0.0469 (0.295) -0.131*
(0.078) 0.228 (0.209) -0.295***
(0.006) 0.0259 (0.771) - 0 . 3 1 1 " *
(0.003) -0.00530
(0.777) -0.00158 (0.691) 0.277***
(0.009)
* pvalue < 0.1,
(3) L n T N B Q
0.119***
(0.005) 0.0433 (0.352) -0.0955 (0.223) 0.158 (0.417) -0.301***
(0.009) 0.0478 (0.604) -0.261**
(0.023) -0.00677 (0.744) 0.000445 (0.915) 0.332***
(0.002)
** pvalue < 0.05, **
(4) LnTNBQ
0.122***
(0.004) 0.0509 (0.286) -0.145*
(0.066) 0.187 (0.341) -0.307***
(0.009) 0.0227 (0.807) -0.285**
(0.014) -0.00617
(0.770) 0.000410 (0.921) 0.318***
(0.006)
* pvalue < 0.01.
Rhimg nhan td ^nh hudng den thu nh^p.. 19
Nhankhau
HocvanND
Tuoi
Phuthuoc
LaodongNN
KinhnghiemND
Chutau
Yeunghe
Khuyenngu
Hoptac
HotroNL
HoiAn
DuyXuyen
DienBan
ThangBinh
NuiThanh
Hang so
N R' Breusch- Pagan/Cook- Wcisberg Test
0.0619 (0.417) 0.209***
(0.000) 0.0141 (0.438) -0.00877**
(0.050) -0.176***
(0.001) 0.123 (0.113) 0.00902*
(0.071) 0.559***
(0.000) 0.122***
(0.001) 0.0235 (0.552) 0.129*
(0.079) 0.1 J6 (0.220)
0.210 (0.105) -0.168*
(0.092) 0.00664 (0.956) -0.320***
(0.000)
2.879***
(0 000) 588 0.508 (0.0846)
0.0496 (0.519) 0 . 2 1 2 * "
(0.000) 0.0122 (0.517) -0.00827*
(0.068) -0.183***
(0.000) 0.132*
(0.098) 0.00747 (0.148) 0.594***
(0.000) 0.133***
(0.000) 0.0102 (0.793) 0.118 (0.111)
0.109 (0.330) 0.345***
(0.006) 0.0750 (0.390) 0.214*
(0.078)
0.159*
(0.062) 2.657***
(0.000) 588 0.492 (0.0256)
0.207***
(0.002)
0.0262 (0.181) -0.00517 (0.280) -0.0205 (0.347) 0.211***
(0.004) 0.00852 (0.115) 0.524***
(0.000) 0.155***
(0.000) 0.0418 (0.316) 0.147*
(0.067) 0.144 (0.214) 0.289**
(0.025) -0.200*
(0.060) 0.0859 (0.531) -0.324***
(0.000)
2.820***
(0.000) 588 0.429 (0.0258)
0.196***
(0.003)
0.0240 (0.240) -0.00455
(0.354) -0.0257 (0.251) 0.222***
(0.003) 0.00675 (0.219) 0.561***
(0.000) 0.167***
(0.000) 0.0278 (0.497) 0.137*
(0.092) 0.116 (0.321) 0.427***
(0.001) 0.0424 (0.658) 0.291**
(0.039)
0.149*
(0.083) 2.593***
(0.000) 588 0.413 (0.0092)
20 inong nn luioa noc xa noi. so lu.zuis 4. Mpt so khuyen nghi chinh sach
Tur phan tich tten, chiing tfli de xuat mpt s6 khuyin nghi chinh sach nhim nang cao thu nhap ciia cflng dong ngu dan khai thac hai san viing bai ngang ven bien tinh Quang Nam trong thoi gian toi nhu sau:
Mpt Id, thiic diy hon niia qua trinh chuyin dfli hpp ly nganh nghe khai thac hai san cua cdng dflng ngu dan vimg bai ngang tinh Quang Nam tir danh bat ngu trudng ven bd sang danh bit viing long va viing khoi.
Dilu nay co the vira gop phan nang eao thu nhap cho eae hfl ngu dan, giam thieu tinh trang can kiet tai nguyen vung ven bd, vira gflp phan bao ve chii quyen bien dao thieng lieng ciia tfl quflc. Ben eanh do, chinh sach chuyen dfli theo hudng xa bd dfli vdi cflng dong ngu dan viing nay can dupe thiet ke theo hudng chuyen mon hfla, phu hpp vdi tirng nganh nghe va tirng cpng dflng ngu dan dae thii. Theo dd, tinh Quang Nam nen tap tmng phat trien dpi tau xa bd cho cae cflng dflng ngu dan cfl truyin thflng va tap quan danh bat xa bd lau nam, la khu vue cd cac cang ca quy mfl Ion gan vdi cua sflng va cira bien co luong lach thflng suot nhu Hpi An, Niii Thanh. Dfli vdi cac khu vye bai ngang thuin tuy, nai ma cac cpng dong ngu dan thudng efl tap quan danh bit ven bd (cac xa bai ngang thupc Tam Ky, Thang Binh, Duy Xuyen), tinh cin efl chinh sach dac thii khuyin khich ngudi dan chuyin din ra danh bit vung long va khoi tren nhiing con tau quy mfl vira, tranh phat triln dpi tau CO cong suat qua Ion, vuon khai qua xa trong khi cflng dong ngu dan nay lai thilu kinh nghiem danh bit viing bien xa. Ngoai ra, can nhanh chong cai each manh me cac thil tuc hanh chinh nhim giiip cac hfl ngu dan dii dieu kien cfl thi dl dang tilp can vdi
ngufln vfln tin dung tii cac chuong trinh ciia Chinh phil (Nghi dinh 67) va ngufln vfln hfl trp cua dia phuang (Quy Dau tu phat trien, Quy Hfl tra ngu dan,...).
Hai Id, ehii trpng va day manh tien trinh hien dai hfla cac cdng nghe danh bat va bao quan hai san cho dpi tau khai thac xa ba viing bai ngang nham gia tang vai trfl cua cflng nghe trong nang cao hieu qua danh bit hai san. Trong do, can chii trpng phat huy vai trd chu dao ctia chinh quyen dia phuang trong kien tao kenh ket nfli giiia ngu dan va doanh nghiep trong viec cung cap cac may mflc, thiet bi, cdng nghe hien dai phuc vu hoat dflng khai thac va bao quan hai san;
chu trpng den hieu qua cua cflng tac khuyen ngu trong phfl bien va khuyen khich ngu dan ung dung cac thiet bi, cflng nghe danh bat va bao quan tien tien, hien dai.
Ba Id, xae dinh da dang hfla thu nhap la dinh hudng quan trpng trong nang eao thu nhap eho cpng dflng ngu dan khai thac hai san vung bai ngang. Theo dd, can ra soat va dieu chinh lai cac chinh sach hfl trp ngu dan giara ngheo, nang cao thu nhap theo huong sinh ke ngu nghiep ket hpp phi ngu nghiep. Dac biet, can chii trpng nang eao thu nhap phi ngu nghiep cho cpng dflng ngu dan tren co sd khai thac tilm nang ldn cua vung bai ngang tinh Quang Nam trong phat trien cong nghiep va du lich; cin cfl CO che khuyen khieh cac doanh nghiep su dung lao dpng dia phucmg, nhit la cac lao dflng nir trong cpng dflng ngu dan.
Bon Id, chii trpng thyc hien cfl hieu qua chinh sach ke hoaeh hfla gia dinh trong cpng dflng ngu dan. Chinh sach tuyen truyen can tap tnmg huong vao pho bien kien thiic ve ke hoach hfla gia dmh cho cac hfl ngu dan tre, co trinh dp hpc van thip.
Rhung nhan to anh hudng den thu nhap... 21 dien hfl ngheo va tai ngheo, tir do, giam
sfl ngudi phu thupc trong cac hd ngu dan.
Ngoai ra, can ehii trpng phat trien giao due trong cflng dflng ngu dan.
Nam Id, phat trien hoJit dpng dao tao 2.
nang cao nang lye ngu nghiep cho dpi ngii thuyen truong, may truflng dfli vdi cac tau danh bat vung long va vung xa bd, nhit la 3.
viec nam bat va sir dung thanh thao cac cdng nghe va thiet bi danh bat hai san tien tien, hien dai. Dac biet, can thilt kl cac chuong trinh uu dai khuyen khich dpi ngu thanh nien cfl trinh dp hpc van, cfl nang lyc ngu nghiep tham gia dflng moi va lam ehu 4.
cac phuong tien danh bat hai san xa bd.
Sdu Id, tiep tuc thanh lap va phat trien thyc chat cac nghiep doan nghe ea cap xa/
phuong, quan/huyen tai vung ven bien cua tinh vdi hat nhan la cac tfl hpp tac. Trong 5.
dfl, can nhanh chdng the che hfla tu each phap ly cua cac nghiep doan nghe ca de tfl chiic nay ed tu each phap nhan dai dien 6.
cho ngu dSn tham gia vao hoat dflng ngu nghiep vdi tu each la co quan dai dien cho ngu dan dupe phap luat thua nhan •
Tai lieu tham khao 7.
1. D. Garoma, A. Admassie, G. Ayele
& F. Beyene (2013), "Analysis of determinants of gross margin income
generated through fishing activity to rural households around Lake Ziway and Langano in Ethiopia", Agricultural Sciences, sfl 4, tap 11, tr. 595.
W.H. Greene (2000), Econometrics Analysis, Chuang 14, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River.
O.M.A.R. Al Jabri, R. Collins, X. Sun, A. Omezzine, R. Belwal (2013), "Determinants of Small-scale Fishermen's Income on Oman's Batmah Coast", Marine Fisheries Review, tap 75,sd3,tr.21-32.
Hoang Hdng Hiep (2016), "Nhiing nhan tfl anh hudng den thu nhap cua cac hfl ngu dan khai thac hai san xa bd vung Nam Trung bp", Tgp chi Nghien cuu kinh te, sfl 10, tr. 47-53.
R Kennedy (2008), A guide to econometrics, 6th edition, Wiley- Blaekwell, Cambridge.
E. Olale & S. Henson (2012),
"Determinants of income diversification among fishing communities in Western Kenya", Fisheries Research, tap 125, tr. 235-242.
E. Olale & S. Henson (2013), "The impact of income diversification among fishing communities in Western Kenya", Food Policy, tap 43, tr. 90-99.