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Bdn chit cda ddo t f o theo h i thdng tin ehi Id q u i trinh cd nhdn hda vifc hpc t f p trong dilu kiln gido due dfi hpc cho sd ddng ngUdi. Do dd, h i thdng tin clil cd nhilu dfc dilm khdc b l l t so vdi niln chl. Cde cdn bd qudn If trong cdc trudng dfi hpc ndi rUng vd cde d n bd qudn If ddo tao ndi chung d n nhfn thdc sdu sic d c dfc dilm cda hpc c h l ndy. Chfnh vl vfy, trong bdi vilt ndy, tdc gid s i di vdo phin tfch nhdng dfc dilm CO bin cda h | thing tfn chL
1. Sinh viln phii tfch lOy Min thCrc theo tdng hpc phin (don v| tfn chl)
Oio t f 0 theo tin chi ddi hdi sinh vHn phii tich Idy kiln thde theo tdng phin hpc, vda phd hpp vdi trinh dd ning lyc eda bdn thin, vda phd hpp vdi k l hofch chung cda nhd trddng.
Trong ddo t f o theo niln c h l , qud trinh hpc Id sy tich Idy kiln thdc theo ndm hpc Kit thdc mdi ndm hpe sinh vlln s i dupe x l t lln Idp hay luu ban tdy thude vdo kit qud hpe t f p vd r i n luyin trong sudt ndm hpe d d Kit thdc khda hpc bing vifc thi tdt nghifp hofc bio vf khda lufn trUde Hdi ddng chim khda lufn. Kit q u i eao hay t h i p cdn phy thude vdo tdm II ngUdI bdo v | cd binh tTnh hay khdng. Trudng hpp thl tdt nghifp, n l u khdng qua thl vifc x l t tdt nghifp s i bj chfm lfi It nhlt mdt hpc kl thfm ehi hdng ndm, dd gdy philn hd d i n mft mdi cho ngUdI hpc Hlfn tupng ndy s i It t h i y hon nhilu d ddo t f o theo h i thdng tin chl bdi trong chuong trtnh hpc cda mdl ngdnh dupe chia thdnh nhilu hpe phin vd qud trtnh hpe Id sy tfch Idy kiln thdc theo hpc phin.
Sinh vlln tfch Idy dd d c hpc phin theo y l u d u cda ngdnh hpc dd, chuong trtnh d l dupc c l u trdc theo cdc hpc phin nin khi sinh viln tnrpt hpe phin ndo chl vifc ddng kl vd thi trd np hpe phin dd md khdng phdi hpc lfi d hpc kl.
2.KllhthA:c<utrdcthinhcicmd*in (hpc phin) Hpc phin Id mdt phin cda mdn hpc, cd elu tnic ehft chl, dupe giing dfy trpn vfn trong mdt hoc kl vd dupe ddnh gid ddc Ifp vdi cdc hpc phin khdc
Don vj do khdi lupng hpc t f p d a sinh vHn Id tfn chi, mdt tfn chi tUong duong vdi 15 tUt II thuylt + 30 gid chuin bj bdi d nhd, trong dd, thdi gian mdt t i l t hpc Id 50 phdt Mdt hpc phin bao gdm mdt sd tfn chl (thudng tir 2 d i n 4 tfn chl).
Quy ddi td don vj hpc trtnh trudc ddy sang don vj tfnh tfn chl Id:
1. Don vl hpe trtnh = 15 t i l t l l n Mp
15 pidchuin b i d nhdn 30tilt/gid
2. Tin ehi =15 t i l t Idn Idp
30 pid chuin b i d nhdn 45tilt/gid
- • 1 tfn chi = 1.5 don vj hpc trtnh
Tmdng hpp nhdng mdn hpc cd sd don vj hpc trtnh khdng Id nguyin lln sd tin chl khi quy ddi thl ngudi ddng diu co sd ddo tfo tdy thude vdo t i m quan trpng eda mdn hpe md ndng lln hay hf xudng khdi lupng kiln thdc cda mdn hpc dd d l dat dupe sd tin chi Id mdt sd nguyin.
3. Quy djnh Midi lUpng Min th«c phii tfch lOy cho tdng vin bing
3.1. Sip xip nim hgc da ngUM hgc theo khii lugng tin chl tfch lOy: Chuong trinh hpc cda mdi nginh dupe clu trdc thdnh cdc hpc phin, bao gdm nhdng hpc phin b i t budc v i nhdng hpc phin lya chpn. Chuong trtnh ndy dupe cdng bd cho sinh viln td d i u khda hpc (theo Quy c h l 43, chuong trinh cda mdt ngdnh hpc h | dfl hpc 4 ndm khodng td 120 d i n 140 tin chi). Mdi sinh vlln vdi sp tu v i n tich eye cda cd v i n hpe t f p s i chpn cho minh mdt eon dudng hodn thdnh chuong trinh hpe d l dupe nhfn bing tdt nghifp phd hpp vdi dilu klfn cda bin t h i n .
3 J. Xic djnh nim dio tgo da sinh vlitr. Sau mdl hpc kl, ein cd vdo khdi Idpng kiln thdc tfch Idy, sinh vlln dupe xIp vdo nim hpc ndo Id phy thude vdo sd tin chl md sinh viln dd tfch Idy ddpc Theo Oilu 14, Quy c h l 43/2007 cda Bd Gido dye & Odo tfo, nim hpc cda sinh vlln dugc xIp nhu sau: Trong mdi hpc M, sd tin chl ding kitdi thilu eda sinh vlln l i 6 tin chl, tdi da Id 18 tin chl.
Nim d i o tao d a sinh v l l n Sinh vidn ndm thd nhlt Sinh viln ndm thd hai Sinh viln ndm thd ba Sinh viln ndm thd tu Sinh viln ndm thd ndm Sinh viln ndm thd sdu
Sd tin chl tfch IQy DUdi 30 tin chi 30-dudi 60 tin chi 60-dudi 90 tin chi 90-dudi 120 tfn chi
120-dln150tinchi Tdi 50 tfn chf trd lln 4. ChUPng trinh d i o t f o mlm d i o
Cdng vdi d c hpc phin b i t budc edn d d c hpc phin ty chpn cho phip sinh viln d l ding dilu chinh ngdnh nghi ddo t f o.
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Trong chuong trinh d a mdt ngdnh hpe cd nhdng hpe phin bit bude vd nhdng hpc phin ty chpn. Ode trung d a ddo tfo theo h| thdng tfn chi Id kip hpc dupe td chdc theo hpe phin nin d thl dua nhilu hoc phin ty chpn vdo trong chuong trinh ddo tfo. Sinh vidn cd nhilu phuong dn lya chpn eho minh mdt ehuong trinh hpc thfeh hpp. Nd tao ra sy da dfng, phdt huy dupe tilm ndng d a ddi ngd gidng vHn vd tf o dilu kiln eho sinh viln chpn dupe d e mdn hpe phd hpp vdi ndng lye sd tmdng. Vile ehuyin ngdnli, chuyin tmdng, liln thdng bfc hpc hpc thim ngdnh mdi, khdng edn Id vin d l nan gidi nhu hinh thdc ddo tf o theo niln chl tmdc ddy. Theo tfn ehi, sinh vHn dupe quyln edng nhfn cde hpc phin phd hpp da dupe tfch Idy vd chi hpe thim cdc hpe phin cdn thilu.
5. Vifc dinh g i i trong suit qui trinh hpc tfp cda sinh vlln
Kit qud hpc tfp cda sinh viln ddpc cdc gidng vlln ddnh gid theo thang dilm sd vi chd cda d c dilm thdnh phin vdl nhdng trpng sd khdc nhau dugc quy ddi theo quy djnh tfo thufn Ipi ddi vdl ngudi hpc khi thay ddi ngdnh hpe tmdng hpc hofc sang hpc d mdt qudc gla khdc
Odnh gid Id hof t ddng cda gidng viln sd dyng d c ki thuft ddnh gid khde nhau trong cdc hinh thdc td chdc thyc hlfn gid tin chL Mye dfch eda ddnh gid thudng xuyln gidp thdc diy vifc hpe cda sinh vUn thudng xuyln hon khi mudn cd kit qud hpc tfp cao vi hllu bllt sdu v l mdn hpc Odng thdi, vifc kilm tra ddnh gid thudng xuyln budc sinh viln phii hpe theo Idi tich eye cd ging trong d qui trtnh.
Thang dilm chd cd nhilu Uu dilm, ed thl dp dyng cho cd hpc chl tin chi cdng nhu niln chl. Oilm hpc phin dupe quy ra chd (A, B, C, 0, F) gidp phdn lof i ngay dupe trtnh dd sinh viln, vd eho phip chip nhfn diim tmng binh ylu (dilm D). Sinh viln cd mdt sd hpc phin dft dilm 0 vin cd thl tdt nghifp nlu cd sd hpc phin khdc ed dilm cao bd lfi (tmng binh td 2 trd lln). Uu dilm nda Id dp dyng thang dilm chdtfo thufn Ipi cho sinh vUn ra nude ngodi hpc tilp.
6. Dfy hfc liy hoft d^ng hpc cda sinh vMn lim trung t i m
Oiy ehlnh Id phuong phdp sU phfm tfch eye nd khdng chl ylu d u rilng cho hpc chl tfn chl md ddo tf o theo phuong thdc ndo, theo Quy chl 25 hay 43, d c trudng cdng diu phii nhanh chdng xda bd kilu phuong phdp dfy hpc theo kilu: Thiy dpc - trd chip vd di ndng cao chit lupng gid gidng bit budc ngUdi thiy phii sOr dyng phuong phdp sU phfm tich cyt - dfy hpc liy hoft ddng hpe eda trd Idm tmng tdm.
Khi sd dyng phuong thdc ndy, chdng ta dd biln qui trtnh ddo tfo thdnh qui trtnh tp ddo tfo. Giing vlln khdng cdn Id ngUdI tniyin thy kiln thde cho
ngudi hpc nCia md phdi Id ngUdi td chdc, hudng din, dHu khiin ghjp ngudi hpc ehd ddng trong vile ehilm ITnh tri thdc biit deh tim dpc tdi lidu, phdt hiln vd gidi quylt cde vin dl, biit deh khai thdc chpn nhfp vd xd If thdng tin trong thdi dfi ngudn thdng tin phong phd din vd tfn. Ngudi hpc khdng thl chi trdng ehd vdo nhdng kiln thdc noi ngUdi thiy eung d p ddi khi edn nhdng thdng tin da Ifc hfu.
d ddy, ehdng ta cdng nin trdnh sy nhim lin gida phuang phdp su phfm tich eye vdl vifc sddyng d e phuang tiln trp gidp gidng dfy hiln df i nhU mdy tinh, mdy trinh chilu...
7. Don vj hpc vu l i hpc kl
Mdi ndm d thl chia thdnh 02 hpc kl (mdi hpc kl khodng 15 tuin thyc hpe), 03 hpc kl (15 tuln/lkl) hofc04hpekl(10tuin/1kl).
Odo tfo theo nUn chl thl vifc tuyIn sinh chl cd d diu nim hpc, vifc xlt tdt nghifp chl cd d cudi nim hpe Odo tfo theo tin chl thl vifc tuyIn sinh vd xlt tdt nghifp cd thl theo hpc kl. Ody Id dilm mang lfi nhilu eo hdi cho ngudi hpc ddng thdi cdng trdnh dupc sdc I p thdi gian cOng nhUsy qud tdi cho cdc co sd ddo tfo mdi lln tuyIn sinh.
8. Ghi danh diu mdl hpc M, Mp hpc td chde theo mdl hpc phin
Theo Quy chl25edaBdGidodyc&Odo tf o, ddo tfo theo niln chl thl ehUOng trinh ddo tfo eda mdi ngdnh dd dupe elu trdc theo hpc phin nhUng Idp hpc vin td chdc theo kilu tmyIn thing, nghia li Idp hpc dupe td chdc theo khda nhfp hpc td diu vio.
Theo Quy chl 43/2007 cda Bd Giio dye & Oio tf o, ddo tf o theo tin chl, Idp hpc dupc td chde theo hpc phin gpi li ldp hpc phin hdy Idp mdn hpe Mdl hpc kl, tmdng td chdc nhdng Idp hpc phin vi sinh vlln chpn ddng ki vdo hpc d mdt sd Idp sao cho phd hpp vdi bdn thdn vd ljch chung cdng nhu nhdng quy djnh cda nhd trudng nhUi ljch hpc, ljch thl, mdn hpc tiln quylt. Mdi Idp hpc phin chl klo ddi trong mdt hpc kl. Tdng sinh vHn vdi sy tu vin tich cyc cda d vin hpe tfpddty chpn eho minh mdt thdi khda bilu.
Sinh vHn cda mdt ngdnh trong cdng mdt khda cd nhilu eon dudng khdc nhau d l hodn thdnh chUOng trtnh hpc khde nhau v l mdn hpc vd tiln trinh hpc
Vifc ghi danh ed thl din ghi trye tilp tfl tmdng, cung d t h l ddng kl qua mf ng theo ljch d i dupc thdng bdo. Hlfn nay, nhilu tmdng d i sddyng phin mlm ddng ki hpe phin theo hpc qua mang tf o nhHu thufn K>i cho ngudi hpc cung nhu tliih chit chuyin nghifp trong hoft dfng quin If ddo tfo cda nhd tmdng.
9. Cd hf thdng cd vin hpc t f p
Cd vin hpc tfp Id ngudi tU vin, trp gidp, djnh hudng tfch eye cho sinh vlln ngay td nhdng ngdy
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THIIC
T M N G I A ODVC ^
d i u hpc t f p t f i trudng, d l sinh viln hudng tdi linh hdi tri thdc ehuyin mdn qua d c mdn hpc dupe td chdc gidng dfy trong chuong trinh ddo tao vd cdc hoft ddng ehuyin mdn cda nhd tmdng.
Vdi sy t u v i n vd trp gidp tieh eye cda ddi ngu cd vin hpc tfp, mdi sinh viln ed t h l lya chpn eho minh mdt chuong trinh vd mdt t i l n trinh hpe phd hop vdi ed nhdn. Mdi ed v i n hpe t f p phy trdch mdt sd sinh viln k l td Ide vdo tmdng eho d i n khi ra trudng.
Cd vin hpc t f p phdi n i m vdng tinh hinh sinh viln minh phy trdch, t u vin cho sinh viln chpn chuong trinh vd tiln trinh hpc phd hpp, sau dd tU vin cho sinh viln ddng kf hpe tdng kl hpe Cd v i n hpc t f p phu trdch bao nhilu sinh viln Id do hllu trudng quylt djnh tdy theo dilu kifn ey t h l eda nhd tmdng vd dugc t h l hiln trong quy c h l hof t ddng cda nhd tmdng.
10. Cd t h l t u y I n sinh theo hpc kl
d Hoa Kl, ngUdI ta td chde thi dfi hpe nhilu lln trong nim. Cic trudng dfl hpc dya v i o k i t q u i thi dd vd thdnh tfch d bfc trung hpe cda thf sinh d l tuyIn sinh theo tdng hpc kl. d Vl|t Nam thl khd khdn hon nhilu trong vifc td chdc thl dfi hpc, hlfn nay vin dp dyng theo hinh thdc 3 chung: chung d l thi, chim chung vd chung kit qud. Mfc dd da cd nhilu cd ging, song d i n nay dfc dilm ndy v i n r i t ft tmdng cd t h l d i thyc hlfn dUgc.
11. Khdng thl tdt nghifp, khdng t d chdc b i o vf khda l u i n tdt nghifp ddi vdl cic chuong trinh d f i hpc v i cao ding
Odi vdi hpc c h l niln chl, sau khi k i t thdc khda hpe s i ed 2 tmdng hpp: Sinh viln dd dilu kifn Idm khda lufn tdt nghifp sd khdng phdi ty thi tdt nghifp.
Sau thdi gian khodng 3 thdng, sinh viln hodn thdnh khda lufn cda minh khodng 60 trang ddnh mdy khd giiy A4 vd bdo vf tmdc Hdi ddng chim khda lufn.
Sinh viln khdng dd dilu kifn Idm khda lufn thl dy thi tdt nghifp (thudng Id 2 mdn). Sau khi thl cdc mdn tdt nghifp qua d i l m 5 col nhU sinh viln da hodn thdnh khda hpc chd x l t tdt nghifp.
Odi vdi hpc c h l tfn chl, do qud trinh hpc Id sy tfch Idy thl khdng phii thi nda. Sinh vHn cudi khda thl phii lim dd dn, khda lufn tdt nghifp (xem nhU mdn hpc phin khdng qud 14 tin chl ddi vdi dfl hpc) hofc hpe vd thi mdt sd hpc phin ehuyin mdn. Cdc hpe phin ndy cd ndi dung ndng eao vd cf p nhft. Oilm tmng binh chung tieh Idy Id dilm trung binh theo hf sd d a cdc hpe phin dd tfch Idy (dft dilm quy ddi td 1 d i n 4), k l c i hpc phin khda lufn hay dd dn tdt nghifp. Sinh vlln chi dugc x l t tdt nghifp khi dd tfch Idy dd sd hpc phin quy djnh cho ehuong trinh ddo t f o vdl tmng binh tfch Idy dft td 2.00 trd lln.
12. Chl cd mft vin bing chfnh quy ddi vdl hai lof I hinh thdc t f p trung v i khdng tfp trung
Kit qud cda ngUdi hpc dupe danh gid qua tdng hpe phin, khi da tfch Idy dd d e hpc phin theo quy djnh eda ehuong trinh dio tao, khdng phdn biit hinh thde hpc t i p trung hay khdng tap tmng, Uu tiln ddo tao hd chfnh quy, hfn c h l ddo tfo ede lofi hinh t f l chdc hay td xa. Oilu cdt ylu Id cd phuong phap kilm tra ddnh gid chfnh xde vd duoe tiln hdnh nghilm tdc
K i t lufn
Qua nghiln cdu v l ede ddc dilm eda hpc c h l tfn ehi, b i n cf nh rat nhilu uu dilm, nhu mdt quy ludt t i t ylu, hpc c h l ndy khdng trdnh khdi mdt sd nhupe dilm. Nhin t d gde dd sinh viln, nhdng Ipi fch md ngUdi hpe thu dupe chic chin nhilu hon so vdi d i o tao theo niln chl. Sinh viln thyc sy dUgc tdn trpng vd ehd ddng trong qud trinh hpc t f p cda minh. Cd t h l ndi, hpc c h l tfn chl Id m f t phuong thdc ddo tfO t i l n bd vdi nhdng djnh hUdng phd hpp vdi ylu clu hpc t f p eda sinh viln, d n dupe dp dyng. Oilu ndy ddi hdi cdc nhd qudn II gido due phdi nghiln edu nghilm tdc d l phdt huy h i t cdc Uu d i l m da nlu cda hpe c h l ndy ddng thdi khic phyc tdi da cdc nhupe d i l m trong khi triln khai ddo tfo theo hpc c h l tin chi.
TAI L i f u THAM K H A O
1. Quylt djnh sd 43/2007/QO-BGD&OT ngdy 15/8/2007 cda Bd Gido due & Odo t f o v l vile ban hdnh Quy chi Ddo tgo dgi hoc vd cao ding hi ehlnh quy theo hi thing tin chi
2. Dfng Xudn Hdi, Vdn dung Ifthuyit quin Ifsg thay ddi di chl dgo ehuyin ddi quy trinh ddo tgo theo hi thdng tfn chl, Tfp chf Khoa hpc Gido dye, sd 13 thdng 10 ndm 2006.
3. L l Vilt Khuyin, Tfp bdi gidng TdehOequdtrinh ddo tgo trong cdc trudng dgi hgc vd cao ding, 2009.
4. Ldm Quang Thif p vd cdc tdc gid khdc, Tdi lifu bdi dudng nghidp vg TdchOc ddo tgo theo hgc chi tfn chl cde hgc viin, trudng dgi hgc, eao ding, Hpc vif n Qudn If gido dye 2008.
5. Trin Khdnh Ode, Gido dgc vd phdt triin ngudn nhdn Igc trong thiklXXI, NXB Gido dye Vilt Nam, 2010.
SUMMARY
The author has analyzed basic eharaeteristia of the credit system. I.e course-based accumilation of credits among students; knowledge stmctured by course; regulations on the amount of knowledge to be accumulated for each diploma; flexible training progmmmes; ongoing assessments throughout the learning process of students; pladng students' activities the core of teaching; course-based dassroom organization, virtth a study counseling and admlsskxi systems by semester, etc