Nhuhg dam may se con cf lai

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Nhuhg dam may se con cf lai

• Cao Viet Dung

Tai sao van chUtfng Nguyen Binh PhUofng ithac biet?

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pc gia chuyen nghiep hay khdng chuyen dg dang quy van chuong Nguygn Binh Phuong vao mgt chir "la" rdi yen tam vdi each sap xep xet cho cung rat ygn dn nhu vay. Nhung hgt cudn tieu thuyet nay dgn cuon tigu thuyet khac, van chuong ay cii cira quay khdng ngirng, gidng nhiing cap ran trd di trd lai mai ke tu tac pham rat sdm nhu Bd giai, liic nao cung de dpa vimg thoat khdi mgt each nghT hpp ly nay hay mpt nhan dmh hpp ly khac. No san sang di vao nhirng khoang trdng phi ly, nhu the lign tuc nhac nhd ngudi ta nhd rang qua

that cd ton tai nhirng khoang khuat, va van chuong that ra chia lam hai nua: mpt nira nd luc migu ta phia ben nay cua mat trang, nua kia thi tim each lan vao quang tdi tam khd do edn Iai,

Mdt ngudl quan sat binh tTnh nhieu kha nang se nhan ra van chuong Viet Nam vai chuc nam vua qua da cd luc xo theo hudng "hien thuc ngdn ngdn", mang nang mdt mem tin khd lung lay ve

"chan thuc" va "phan anh"; roi lai dgn liic, phan ldn nghieng han sang nga che gieu, cham biem nhung gi hien ra trudc mat. Gan day ta cd hang loat tac pham mia mai sau cay ddi song do thi, su vd vi cua eoi nhan gian be ti, trong do ken day nhiing cau doan nang uu thdi man thg va dam thu gia vi gay nhdn nhgt ndi hoang mang. Dai dg, mdi thdi lai co mdt phong vi noi trdi nao do hut lay phan ddng nha van say sua kham pha.

Nhung dieu ky quae cua van chuong nam d chd

"dung thdi", "hgp gigng" lai rat co kha nang tao ra khdng nhieu gia tri Ngupc lai vdi dd la nhung gigng ndi nhu the luc nao ciing lech ddng, lac thai (tat nhien "lac thai" ciing khdng phai la dieu

Anh: Nguyin Oinh Toan

ch4c ch§n tao ra gia tri) - Nguyen Binh Phuong la ngudi tao ra mdt gigng nhu thg; ban dau nd chi len ldi, mo ho, nhung gid day, nhat la vdi cudn tieu thuygt mdi Minh vd hg (NXB Tre, viet trong quang thdi gian 2007-2010), gipng ndi ay da khdng chi cdn phang phat vuong van trong vai nhdm nhd dpc gia sanh van chuang nua. Su nghiep van chuong ciia Nguygn Binh Phuang da hinh thanh day dan. Noi dung ra, no da rat day tir NhOng dira tre chit gid hay Nguai di vdng.

Mgi dgu thuyet gia dich thuc dgu nhat thiet phai cd mgt each nhin thg gidi rat rigng. Trgng rat nhieu nam, Nguyen Binh Phuong xay dung mpt each nhin the gldi xoay quanh lang Phan, xa Linh Son ("nhu mdt cue budu cua huyen" - Bd giai) va con sdng Linh Nham. Mgt so sanh cd le khong can thigt va khdng nhat thiet chuan xac nhung giup ta dg hinh dung hon:

mpt sd nha van Trung Qudc gan day ciing gan chat vdi mdt dia danh, nhu Ly Nhue vdi Lii Luong, Mac Ngdn vdi Cao Mat hay Digm Lien Khoa vdi Ba Lau,

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Minh vd ho la mdt trong nhiing lan hiem hoi Nguygn Binh Phuong tach khdi Linh Scm, lao bdi cMih chinh cua tac pham d noi khae, nhung cai tgn Linh Son van xuat hien vai lan, O lan "thgat ra khdi Linh Son" nay, nhan vat chinh ten Hieu di tdi may tinh mign niii phia Bac giap bign gidi, lan theo hanh trinh ciia ngudi anh trai timg la linh trong cugc xung dot dam mau trudc day giira Viel Nam va Trung Quoc. O may tinh vung cao ay, hdi "Bay chin" va

"Tam tu", nhieu chuyen tham khdc da xay ra, bdi vi

"cdi dai bign cuong nay ly lich ciing phuc tap, chdng cheo va oan khuat" (tr. 259). The nhung. Ha Giang trong Minh vd hg trd ngn rat dang nhd lai vi nhiing yeu to khac. Ciing giong nhu mdt tac pham Idn xua kia tiing lay Ha Giang lam bdi

canh (bp tieu thuyet Gidng sdng Thanh Thuy cua Nhat Linh - tac pham gid day rat il dugc biet den), vung cao va nhiing ndng ndi mau xuong cua con ngudi chi la chuyen phy. Trong mpi tigu thuyet ciia Nguyen Binh Phuang, bao gid cau ehuyen thdi hign t?i ciing dien ra trgn cai ngn nhiing cau chuyen lich su: a Nhiing diea tre chit gid la vu viec Ndng Van Van dudi trieu Nguygn, d Ngu&i di vdng la cupc ndi day cua Lucmg Lap Nham va Ddi Can, 6 Minh vd hg trudc hgt la mgt hch su dan trai nhung lam vang dpi, khdc

li?t ciia cac thu linh thd phi son cude ma nhihig diem mdc dang nhd la Ly Duong Tai, Hoang A Tudng, Trao Sanh Phu, nhat la Chau Quang Ld Mgi chuyen timg xay ra nhu the van dang xay ra - iryc thdi gian Uiygn tinh dudng nhu khdng may y nghTa trong each nhin thg gidi cua Nguygn Binh Phuemg, nen nhung su viec kinh thign dpng dia cd the "chang khac gi viec xich mich vdi himg xdm"

(tr. 52).

Nhan de ban dau cua cudn tieu thuyet. Xe len xe xudng, hay nhan de chinh thuc cho lan xuat ban nay, Minh vd hg, chia the gidi thanh hai nua Tac gia cung khdng giau y djnh cua minh: "Mot dai niii xanh lam trong veo giang ngang tam nhin. chia thg gidi Ihanh hai phlin bang nhau" (ir. 131). Nha van la

ngudi dung d giua, chinh xae d trung digm ciia

"Ign" va "xudng", "minh" va "hp". khoang thdi gian da qua va khoang thdi gian sau dd: "Minh dang nhin ky uc bang cap mat se lanh, Ky ire cung se lanh nhin lai minh" (tr 91) Roi su d giiia ay cdn trd ngn vd hinh va triru tugng hon niia, thg hien d nhimg dgan van in nghieng trong cudn sach - sir d giiia coi song va cdi chet, Khi di len mil la ngudi song; khi di xudng, su sdng ay da cham dut, nhung khdng cd gi dang kinh hoang: "Minh bj kep giiia bgn hp. dam ben ngoai khdng mang theo gi ca. ngoai su kien tri ghg gdm, va dam ben trong nay vdi siic manh cua sung va cdng sd tam" (tr. 29). Nen binh than khdng hoang hot, bdi vi c6 d giua mdi biet,

^"minh vdi hg rat khd phan biet" (tr.

211). Cuon tieu thuyet se ket thtic bang su hi chdi phan biel: "lam sao de phan biet dugc len vdi xudng",

"lam sao de phan biet duac minh vdi ho?" (tr. 302).

Va ciing phai d vao vi tri ay thi mdi c6 thg khdi sir Id md tra ldi dugc nhirng cau hdi mang y nghTa sdng cdn cho nhan thuc, vi trong dau dc nhan vat ehinh ludn ludn dai dang cau hdi, tir ben ngoai thi lam sao biet dugc cd gi d ben trgng:

"Minh mudn biet ben trong nhirng cai cay cua xoing nay la gi" (tr. 12);

nhan vat Hieu tim each nhin vao ben Irong ngudi linh ciia minh dg "xem bgn trong ed cai gi", va rot cugc lam biet la ed "ca mot the gidi nguyen thiiy, mil mit trong ay, nhung hoang ligu" (tr, 13). Nhu cau nhan thirc nay lam nen SIJ can bang cho cuoc ddi nhiin vat chinh, bdi neu klidng, cude ddi ay chi loanh quanh dgc chuyen giat gan trgn nhirng sd bao Cdng an nhdn ddn va diem nhign gay tgi loi.

Va chiing ta di den mdt diem rat thii vi trong thg gidi van chuong Nguyen Binh Phuong mudn "d giira" thi nhal thiet phai tim ra dupc sir can bang, dieu nay rat khd. \i mgi dudng ranh gidi that ra deu \d hinh. kc ca dudng bien gidi giira hai qudc gia. ngudi anh trai cua nhan vat chinh da v6 tinh di sang dat niriTc cua "hp" vii bi quan "ho" bat sdng giai \e sau trong lijc dja Trung Qudc Cau iriic cua Minh vd ho dac bicl

S6ao.NGAY 20.10.2014 «tiasang com v TraSdng 49

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Tieu thuyet "Ngudi dj vang" (1999) cda Nguyen Binh Phifdng vifa Suae trao giai Sach Hay nam 2014

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ggn gang, lam ndi bat Ign tinh chit mach lac ctia mdt cau chuyen.

That ra, nhung tigu thuyet trudc day cua Nguygn Binh Phuong cung rdt no luc mach lac, nhung thudng xuygn gay rdi tri cho dpc gia vi nhirng phan doan chdng cheo Ign nhau. 6 Minh vd ho vkn Ik nhieu cau chuyen, nhung cau true di vdng trdn (md dau cung chinh la doan kgt, bat dau va kgt thiic d "cii bay thang thdt myel my" ctia nhan vat chinh - tr. 7) va su eat cup, dan dung khdn ngoan, tinh tao da lam cau chuygn de theo doi hon, tham chi cd thg cdn hap dan ca ddi vdi ddc gia thieu kign nhan. Lan nay, su can bang ma van chuong Nguyin Binh Phuong dat dupc chu yeu nhd cau true, trong khi d nhirng tieu thuyet trudc day, su can bSng ay phan ldn nam d cac don vi nhd hon:

ta hay de y (vi du nhu d Nguai di vdng) su xuat hien day dac cua phep so sanh; cau van cua Nguyen Binh Phuong rat hay cd hai phan d hai bgn tu "nhu"; hai nua the gidi, nua nhin thay dugc va nua khuat lap, tdn tai trong thg can bang chdng chenh vdi mdt tir "nhu"

nhd be d giiia. O Minh vd hg, phep so sanh dupc sir dung tiet kiem va dat gia hon nhigu, va chu ygu xuat hien khi cd nhirng con ran hay tran, loai vat ludn ludn an hien trong cac cau chuyen cua Nguyin Binh Phuang, mpt loai vat dac biet, vira de dga pha huy su can bang vua la bigu tupng dep nhat cua su can bang cap ddi va vdng trdn:

"hai tay cuon len nhu hai con tran dang niic mdi" (tr, 70); "Ca ban tay, ca canh tay cua ngudi dan dng ay qua thuc gidng nhu mdt con Iran gid ddi mdi, cuon cuon, hau hau" (tr. 116); "Dudng gi6ng nhu con tran ldn, xe thi cir do xudng trgn eai than Iran do" (tr. 128).

Va cudi Cling, tai sao van chuong cua Nguygn Binh Phuong lai cd thg can bang tren the chdng chenh nhu vay? Cd le bdi van chuang ay dugc dat tren ba yeu td het siic ca ban, khach quan va ben viing:

thu nhat la da (die la ca d6i va nui; nhieu luc da cd the di chuyen trong dgm nhu d Minh vd hg hay tao dang vd cung dang nhd: "day ddi mang hinh cd gai khda than nam ngua" - NhUng diia tre chit gid); thil hai la cay (tat nhien lign quan dgn nhiing khu riing - Nguygn Binh Phuong cd le la nha van Viet Nam viet ve cay hay nhat); va nudc, nudc song, nudc mua hoac suong ("suang md chdn vdn quan quanh nhu khdi, nhu cd, nhu liia trang, nhu nhirng ban tay mon trdn vudt ve ma chang dam dang chut nao" - Ngdi) va dac biet la may.

Nhijng dam may se lam ta khdng quen dupc Minh vd ho; cd "dam may cd dan nhat", la "dam may ngii sac, co nhirng tia sang chdi ban tde ra, giong chigc nom dang lip thang xudng" (tr. 8); cd "dam may trang hinh chii nhat" (tr 111) rdi choc lat bien thanh "con ngua xam dang ldng ldn phi tren mdt rirng guom nhpn hoSt" (tr 112). Vao nhiing thdi diem quan trgng trong cac cau chuygn cua Minh vd hg, deu xuat hien may, khi lap huygt cho ngudi anh ("bach long phu" - tr 239), khi Hieu va ngudi anh trai danh nhau thi "dam may xde ra het nhu chiec quat giay trang phau" (tr, 203).

Nhiing dam may ay "vd tinh" hay "kigu man" (tr 172), chung hd hirng hgp tan, va chung cu d Iai dd, lanh dam phia ben trgn nhung dieu v6 nghia ciia cugc sdng con ngudi, ben trgn thg gian luin quan, ma theo Nguyen Binh Phuong, "xet cho cung, tir khdi ngudn din gid, chua he mat di mpt cai gi, kg ca sumong mudi" (tr 121). n

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